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Journal articles on the topic 'CNT/PANI composite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Jiang, Qi, De Yu Xie, Guang Gang Fu, Bin Huang, Xiao Feng Zhao, and Yong Zhao. "Effects of the CNT on the Preparation and Electrochemical Performances of the CNT / PANI Hollow Sphere Composite." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.61.

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In this paper, a hollow sphere carbon nanotube (CNT) / polyaniline (PANI) composite was prepared by using the Fe3O4as a template. At the same time, the pure PANI and CNT/PANI composite were obtained with same method without Fe3O4template. The composition and the morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. And the electrochemical performances of the obtained materials were tested by the cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charging/discharging and cycle life testing. The results show that the obtained hollow sphere CNT/PANI composite have larger surface area than pure PANI and CNT/PANI composite for its hollow sphere structure. The obtained hollow sphere CNT/PANI composite have 185 F/g specific capacitance (in organic electrolyte), which is much more than those of the pure PANI and CNT/PANI composite (about 65 F/g, 152 F/g). The results also show that CNT have a great effect on the preparation of the hollow sphere CNT/PANI composite.

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2

Iqbal, Javed, Mohammad Omaish Ansari, Arshid Numan, S. Wageh, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohd Gulfam Alam, Pramod Kumar, Rashida Jafer, Shahid Bashir, and A. H. Rajpar. "Hydrothermally Assisted Synthesis of Porous Polyaniline@Carbon Nanotubes–Manganese Dioxide Ternary Composite for Potential Application in Supercapattery." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 2918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122918.

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In this study, ternary composites of polyaniline (PANI) with manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanorods and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by employing a hydrothermal methodology and in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. The morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the MnO2 possessed nanorod like structures in its pristine form, while in the ternary PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite, coating of PANI over CNT/MnO2, rods/tubes were evidently seen. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed peaks corresponding to MnO2, PANI and CNT, which suggested efficacy of the synthesis methodology. The electrochemical performance in contrast to individual components revealed the enhanced performance of PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite due to the synergistic/additional effect of PANI, CNT and MnO2 compared to pure MnO2, PANI and PANI@CNT. The PANI@CNT/MnO2 ternary composite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 143.26 C g−1 at a scan rate of 3 mV s−1. The cyclic stability of the supercapattery (PANI@CNT/MnO2/activated carbon)—consisting of a battery type electrode—demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with continuous charge–discharge over ~1000 cycles and showed a cyclic stability of 119% compared to its initial value after 3500 cycles.

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3

Kan, Kan, Chun Sheng Chen, Guang Xin Zhang, Chao Jiang, Li Li, and Ke Ying Shi. "Fabrication of Polyaniline-Coated Carbon Nanotubes Conducting Wire Nanocomposite for NH₃ Gas Sensors at Room Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.661.

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The nanocomposite of polyaniline (PAni)-coated Carbon nanotubes (CNT) for NH3gas sensing application are presented in this paper. The nanorods of PAni/CNT nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate in acidic medium. The aniline was adsorbed in CNT by vacuum absorption method. The morphologies and properties of the nanocomposite have been characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR respectively. Thin sensor of PAni/CNT nanorods was prepared by spin coating method. Finally, the response of these composite films for NH3gas was evaluated by monitoring the change in electrical resistance at room temperature. With compared to the pure PAni and CNT, tSubscript texthe nanorods of PAni/CNT composite films show a higher sensitivity.

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4

Lobov, Ivan A., Nadim A. Davletkildeev, Sergey N. Nesov, Denis V. Sokolov, and Petr M. Korusenko. "Effect of Nitrogen Atoms in the CNT Structure on the Gas Sensing Properties of PANI/CNT Composite." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 7169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147169.

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Herein we report the gas-sensitive properties to ammonia (at 2–10 ppm) of individual nanostructures of a polyaniline/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composite with a nitrogen content of 0 at.% (uCNTs), 2 at.% (N-CNTs) and 4 at.% (N+-CNTs). Doping of nanotubes with nitrogen was carried out in order to both reduce the electron work function, to form a potential barrier at the “PANI-CNTs” interface, and reduce the contribution of nanotubes to the composite conductivity. An increase in the nitrogen content in CNTs leads to an increase in conductivity, a decrease in the work function, and the formation of defects in the outer walls of CNTs. It was found that the structural and chemical state of the polymer layer of all composites is the same. However, polymer morphology on nanotubes changes dramatically with increasing nitrogen content in CNTs: a thin smooth layer on uCNTs, a globular layer on N-CNTs, and a thick layer with a sheet-like structure on N+-CNTs. All composites showed the same response time (~20 s) and recovery time (~120 s). Ammonia sensitivity was 10.5 ± 0.2, 15.3 ± 0.5 and 2.2 ± 0.1 ppm−1 for PANI/uCNTs, PANI/N-CNTs and PANI/N+-CNTs, respectively. Based on the results obtained here, we came to the conclusion that the morphological features of the polymer layer on CNTs with different nitrogen content have a dominant effect on the gas reaction than the change in the electronic properties of the polymer at the interface “PANI-CNT”.

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5

Jan'ah, Ayu Miftachul, and Teguh Endah Saraswati. "Review: Sintesis Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) dari Bahan Terbarukan untuk Komposit Carbon Nanotube-Polyaniline." Proceeding of Chemistry Conferences 6 (September 15, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/pcc.6.0.55083.9-17.

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<p>Artikel ini berisi tentang sintesis <em>carbon nanotubes</em> (CNT) dari material tanaman sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan kimia dan pemanfaatan bahan terbarukan. CNT telah berhasil disintesis dari prekursor tanaman seperti cangkang sawit, minyak sawit, bambu, kayu karet, jerami padi, batok kelapa, serat kelapa dan minyak kelapa. Sifat unik dari CNT menyebabkan penelitiannya terus dilakukan dan banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai aplikasi salah satunya material komposit. CNT yang telah disintesis dapat dikompositkan dengan <em>polyaniline</em> (PANI) untuk memperoleh konduktivitas, sifat optik, dan kekuatan mekanik yang lebih unggul. </p><p><strong><em>Review: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) from Renewable Materials for Carbon Nanotube-Polyaniline Composites. </em></strong>This article contains the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) from plant materials in an effort to reduce the use of chemicals and the use of renewable materials. CNT has been successfully synthesized from plant precursors such as palm kernel shells, palm oil, bamboo, rubberwood, rice straw, coconut shells, coconut fiber, and coconut oil. The unique properties of CNT have led to continuous research and many applications in various applications, one of which is composite materials. The synthesized CNTs can be composite with polyaniline (PANI) to obtain superior conductivity, optical properties, and mechanical strength.</p>

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6

Nikzad, Leila, M. R. Vaezi, and B. Yazdani. "Synthesis of carbon nanotube–Poly aniline nano composite and evaluation of electrochemical properties." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 05 (January 2012): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512002437.

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In this paper, carbon nanotube (CNT)- polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were developed from in situ polymerization of aniline. The CNT can be prepared by either acid treatment of CNTs suspension by grafting functional groups to CNTs surface. In this study, CNT and acid treatment CNT was used for preparation of nanocomposite. The PANI-CNT nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR, SEM. CNT can be prepared by either acid treatment of CNTs suspension to make them ionized or by grafting functional groups to CNTs surface. In addition, the electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltametric (CV) curves showed that the conductivity of the obtained nanocomposite increased. Therefore, the supercapacitors behavior of polyaniline improves with adding CNT especially with acid treatment CNT.

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7

Słoma, Marcin, Maciej Andrzej Głód, and Bartłomiej Wałpuski. "Printed Flexible Thermoelectric Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154122.

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A new era of composite organic materials, nanomaterials, and printed electronics is emerging to the applications of thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Special attention is focused on carbon nanomaterials and conducting polymers, and the possibility to form pastes and inks for various low-cost deposition techniques. In this work, we present a novel approach to the processing of composite materials for screen-printing based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI), supported with a dielectric polymer vehicle. Three different types of such tailor-made materials were prepared, with a functional phase consisted of carbon nanotubes and polyaniline composites fabricated with two methods: dry mixing of PANI CNT powders and in situ polymerisation of PANI with CNT. These materials were printed on flexible polymer substrates, exhibiting outstanding mechanical properties. The best parameters obtained for elaborated materials were σ=405.45 S·m−1, S=15.4 μV·K−1, and PF=85.2 nW·m−1K−2, respectively.

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8

Cursaru, Laura-Madalina, Ana-Maria Mocioiu, Ioan Albert Tudor, and Roxana Mioara Piticescu. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes-Polyaniline(CNT-PANI)Composites and Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization of CNT-PANI Coatings." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.3.5396.

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Heavy metals have a major contribution to biosphere pollution due to toxicity. The detection and monitoring of the environmental agents in soil, water and air is very important for the general health of humans and animals. It has been recently shown that electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) using modified electrodes are very attractive methods for detecting heavy metals. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of hydrothermal process combined with electrochemical techniques to obtain modified electrodes based on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) for metals detection. Commercial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were functionalized by a mixture of HNO3/H2SO4 and further used for hydrothermal synthesis of CNT-PANI composites with different mass ratios. The resulted powders were analyzed by spectral (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and thermal (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) methods, and then dispersed in a surfactant/electrolyte solution for preliminary electrochemical experiments (cyclic voltammetry, CV and DPV) to obtain modified electrodes. The influence of the CNT: PANI mass ratio and the synthesis time on the formation of composites with the desired structural and electrochemical properties were studied. It was found that CNT-PANI composite powder having mass ratio 1:4 and synthesis time 3h has the best structural and thermal characteristics and formed a weakly conductive film on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. Preliminary electrochemical tests revealed the electroactive forms of polyaniline, through the presence of characteristic oxidation peaks but also reduction peaks, corresponding to reversible redox reactions, demonstrating that glassy carbon electrode has been electrochemically modified with CNT-PANI coatings. Further studies will be conducted to test the potential application of glassy carbon electrode modified with CNT-PANI coatings as electrochemical sensor for heavy metals detection.

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9

Anwar, N., N. A. Niaz, A. Shakoor, M. Qasim, and M. Ahmad. "The structural and electrical properties of polyaniline carbon nanotubes (PANI-CNTs) composite." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.174.1535.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical polymerization method in the presence of HCl medium. The structure of the PANI/CNTs composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The SEM results showed granular and tube like shape for PANI and CNTs respectively. The SEM characterization of PANI-CNTs composite revealed a uniform wrapping of CNTs by PANI forming a core-shell nanostructure. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements were performed in the frequency range of 0.1 kHz-1 MHz. Dielectric measurements revealed the strong interactions between PANI and CNT nanoparticles causing a beneficial effect on stability of the composites. The dielectric constant followed the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The frequency dependent conductivity obeyed a power law of frequency. Temperature has an effect on dielectric constant values of composite sample. Heat treatment affected the dipole polarization by reducing the relaxation time and hence contributed to the enhancement of dielectric parameters. Dielectric properties of composites were found to be improved due to addition of carbon nanotubes, which can improve the formation of a more efficient network for charge transport mechanism in the base polyaniline matrix. The border between polyaniline and CNTs can play an important role in yielding a large dielectric constant in the nanocomposites.

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10

Indrusiak Silva, Tamara, Ketly Pontes Soares, Iaci Miranda Pereira, Loan Filipi Calheiros, and Bluma Guenther Soares. "Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Composites in Multilayer Structure for Stealth Technology." Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5028/jatm.etmq.23.

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The present work evaluates a multilayer structure based on epoxy resin for stealth technology. The structure consists of two absorber layers with nanoferrite and a resistive layer between them containing polyaniline (PANI) with and without carbon nanotube (CNT). The best reflection loss result multilayer structure analyzed was Ni-PANICNT-Fe with RL = –22dB at 11,9 GHz, justified by higher conductivity loss due to the CNT in PANI epoxy composite.

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11

Ji, Ya, Linke Lai, and Sam Fong Yau Li. "Vapor grown carbon fiber combined with polyaniline and gold nanoparticles in composite bioelectrodes and their application in glucose fuel cells." RSC Advances 6, no. 59 (2016): 53705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09140g.

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12

Ma, Mingguan, Huiju Wang, Min Zhang, Qi Zhen, and Xinzhen Du. "Facile fabrication of polyaniline coated titania nanotube arrays as fiber coatings for solid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for sensitive determination of UV filters in environmental water samples." Analytical Methods 9, no. 2 (2017): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02632j.

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13

Zhang, Ding, Yanli Yin, Changhong Liu, and Shoushan Fan. "Modified secondary lithium metal batteries with the polyaniline–carbon nanotube composite buffer layer." Chemical Communications 51, no. 2 (2015): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc08083a.

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14

Shen, Sanmin, Zhihong Fan, Jiahao Deng, Xiaowei Guo, Lei Zhang, Guanyu Liu, Qiulin Tan, and Jijun Xiong. "An LC Passive Wireless Gas Sensor Based on PANI/CNT Composite." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093022.

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This paper proposes a wireless passive gas sensor based on the principle of LC mutual coupling. After the acidification of the carbon nanotube (CNT), the in-situ polymerization of the aminobenzene monomers was conducted on the surface of the acidified CNT to form a sensitive material composed of a polyaniline/carbon nanotube (PANI/CNT) composite. The Advanced Design System (ADS) software was used for simulating and analyzing the designed structure, which obtained the various parameters of the structure. A lead-free aluminum paste was printed on an alumina ceramic substrate via the screen printing technique to form an inductor coil, before the gas sensitive material was applied to prepare a wireless passive gas sensor, consisting of a single-turn inductor and interdigitated electrodes on the base structure. Finally, an experimental platform was built to test the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity of the gas sensor is about 0.04 MHz/ppm in an atmosphere with a NH3 concentration of 300 ppm. The sensor was shown to have good repeatability and high stability over a long time period.

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15

Bubulinca, Constantin, Irina Sapurina, Natalia E. Kazantseva, Viera Pechancova, and Petr Saha. "A Self-Standing Binder-Free Biomimetic Cathode Based on LMO/CNT Enhanced with Graphene and PANI for Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031457.

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The electrochemical parameters of a novel binder-free self-standing biomimetic cathode based on lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) for rechargeable Lithium-ion aqueous batteries (ReLIAB) are improved using polyaniline (PANI) core-shell in situ polymerization and graphene (Gr). The fabricated cathode material exhibits the so-called “tectonic plate island bridge” biomimetic structure. This constitution is created by combining three components as shown by a SEM and a TEM analysis: the Gr substrates support an entangled matrix of conductive CNT which connect island of non-conductive inorganic material composed of LMO. The typical spinel structure of the LMO remains unchanged after modifying the basic structure with Gr and PANI due to a simplified hydrothermal method used for synthesis. The Gr and PANI core-shell coating improves the electric conductivity from 0.0025 S/cm up to 1 S/cm. The electrochemical performances of the LMO/CNT-Gr/PANI composite electrode are optimized up to 136 mA h g−1 compared to 111 mA h g−1 of the LMO/CNT. Besides that, the new electrode shows good cycling stability after 200 galvanostatic charging/discharging cycles, making this structure a future candidate for cathode materials for ReLIAB.

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16

Erden, Fuat, Hui Li, Xizu Wang, FuKe Wang, and Chaobin He. "High-performance thermoelectric materials based on ternary TiO2/CNT/PANI composites." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 14 (2018): 9411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07896j.

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17

He, Shaoqing, Jinquan Wei, Fengmei Guo, Ruiqiao Xu, Can Li, Xian Cui, Hongwei Zhu, Kunlin Wang, and Dehai Wu. "A large area, flexible polyaniline/buckypaper composite with a core–shell structure for efficient supercapacitors." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 16 (2014): 5898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00089g.

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18

Wang, Qiufan, Yunlong Wu, Ting Li, Daohong Zhang, Menghe Miao, and Aiqing Zhang. "High performance two-ply carbon nanocomposite yarn supercapacitors enhanced with a platinum filament and in situ polymerized polyaniline nanowires." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 10 (2016): 3828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta10667b.

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A two-ply yarn supercapacitor fabricated from Pt/CNT@PANI nanowire composite electrodes exhibits a high specific capacitance of 91.67 mF cm⁻²and a high energy density of 12.68 μW h cm⁻².

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19

Liang, Xiao, Lei Zhao, Qiufan Wang, Yun Ma, and Daohong Zhang. "A dynamic stretchable and self-healable supercapacitor with a CNT/graphene/PANI composite film." Nanoscale 10, no. 47 (2018): 22329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr07991a.

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A novel dynamic stretchable and self-healable supercapacitor based on a CNT@graphene@PANI composite film was fabricated. The supercapacitor can operate under different static bending angles and dynamic bending conditions with different bending frequencies, with the capacitance barely affected.

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20

Xie, Deyu, Qi Jiang, Guanggang Fu, Yi Ding, Xiaoming Kang, Wei Cao, and Yong Zhao. "Preparation of cotton-shaped CNT/PANI composite and its electrochemical performances." Rare Metals 30, S1 (March 2011): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-011-0246-0.

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21

Zhang, Zishou, Yangfan Zhang, Kang Yang, Kongyang Yi, Zihui Zhou, Aiping Huang, Kancheng Mai, and Xihong Lu. "Three-dimensional carbon nanotube/ethylvinylacetate/polyaniline as a high performance electrode for supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 5 (2015): 1884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta06637e.

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In this work, an ultra-high stability polyaniline that retained 100% of its initial capacitance after 45 000 cycles was developed by designing and fabricating a ternary composite carbon nanotube/ethylvinylacetate/polyaniline (PANI/CNT/EVA) with a 3D co-continuous phase structure.

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22

Abdalraheem Al Ani, Hussam Nadum, Anca Maria Cimbru, Ion Spiridon Din, Szidonia Katalin Tanczos, Ion Marius Nafliu, and Adriana Cuciureanu. "Iono-molecular Separation with Composite Membranes IV. Mono-nitrophenol s pervaporation through polysulfone composite membranes." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.2.4850.

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In this paper, were study the pervaporation of mono-nitrophenols in a laboratory installation of the Membrane, Materials, and Membrane Processes Group of the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, from aqueous synthetic solutions, to composite membranes with polysulfone matrix (PSf) and nanometric inclusions: Polyaniline (PANI), carbon nanotubes (CNT), magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and sulfonated polyetheretherketone (PEEK-S). Tests carried out over 144 h at a pressure of 100 mm Hg or 5 L / min air flow at 25oC and pH 7 of the feed solution show that vacuum pervaporation is better than vacuum. The more advanced composite membranes are those with sulfonated polyether-ether cellulose (PSf-PEEK-S) and polyaniline (PSf-PANI) ionizers. The results of airborne pervaporation show that composite membranes (PSf-PEEK-S and PSf-PANI) present a marked difference in flux for the mono-mono-nitrophenol isomers, which could also be found in a technically exploitable selectivity. Thus, in the case of the PSf-PEEK-S composite membrane, the mono-nitro-phenol streams decrease in the order: m-C6H5NO3] o-C6H5NO3] p-C6H5NO3, while for the PSf-PANI composite membrane the order is o-C6H5NO3] m-C6H5NO3] p-C6H5NO3. At the same time, it is noted that the PSf-PEEK-S composite membrane performance is superior during operation, but shows the opposite of the more pronounced drop.

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23

Fang, Yong-Sheng, Peng He, Yong-Zhu Cai, Wen-Qiang Cao, and Mao-Sheng Cao. "Bifunctional Ti3C2Tx–CNT/PANI composite with excellent electromagnetic shielding and supercapacitive performance." Ceramics International 47, no. 18 (September 2021): 25531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.05.277.

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24

Tran, Toan Phuoc, and Quyet Huu Do. "Synthesis of carbon nanotube/ polyaniline nano composite electrode by insitu electrochemical polymerization." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.795.

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The synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) containing different carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by in situ electrochemical polymerization is reported in this study. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet– visible spectroscopy were used to determine the change in structure of the polymer/CNT composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the composites had better thermal stability than the pure PANI. In addition, the electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltametric (CV) curves showed that the conductivity of the obtained nanocomposite increased. The results of measuring cyclic voltammetry also showed that the specific capacitance of nanocomposite was much higher than the pure PANI and CNTs. This is due to the fact that the composites consisting of electroactive species and carbon materials with highly specific surface areas are significantly promote the energy density of supercapacitors. Such supercapacitors exhibit simultaneously both double layer capacitance and Faradic pseducapacitance in energy storage.

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25

Kaushal, Indu, Ashok K. Sharma, Priya Saharan, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, and Surender Duhan. "Superior architecture and electrochemical performance of MnO2 doped PANI/CNT graphene fastened composite." Journal of Porous Materials 26, no. 5 (January 30, 2019): 1287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10934-019-00728-8.

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26

Stott, Ash, Décio B. de Freitas Neto, Jose M. Rosolen, Radu A. Sporea, and S. Ravi P. Silva. "Exploring the underlying kinetics of electrodeposited PANI‐CNT composite using distribution of relaxation times." Electrochimica Acta 401 (January 2022): 139501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139501.

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27

Yuan, Guolong, Junan Pan, Yaguang Zhang, Junxi Yu, Yanjia He, Yong Su, Qi Zhou, Hongyun Jin, and Shuhong Xie. "Sepiolite/CNT/S@PANI composite with stable network structure for high performance lithium sulfur batteries." RSC Advances 8, no. 32 (2018): 17950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01925h.

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The cathode composite materials for lithium sulfur batteries with a stable network structure consisting of natural sepiolite powders, carbon nanotubes and conductive polymer were synthesized by vacuum heat treatment and chemical oxidation method.

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Mugo, Samuel M., Weihao Lu, and Scott V. Robertson. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Microneedle Sensor for the Detection of Imidacloprid Pesticides in Food Samples." Sensors 22, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 8492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218492.

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A portable, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based microneedle (MN) sensor for the electrochemical detection of imidacloprid (IDP) has been demonstrated. The MN sensor was fabricated via layer-by-layer (LbL) in-tube coating using a carbon nanotube (CNT)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite, and an IDP-imprinted polyaniline layer co-polymerized with imidazole-functionalized CNCs (PANI-co-CNC-Im) as the biomimetic receptor film. The sensor, termed MIP@CNT/CNC MN, was analyzed using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and showed excellent electrochemical performance for the detection of IDP. The CV detection range for IDP was 2.0–99 µM, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.35 µM, while the DPV detection range was 0.20–92 µM with an LOD of 0.06 µM. Additionally, the MIP@CNT/CNC MN sensor showed excellent reusability and could be used up to nine times with a 1.4 % relative standard deviation (% RSD) between uses. Lastly, the MIP@CNT/CNC MN sensor successfully demonstrated the quantification of IDP in a honey sample.

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29

Adusei, Paa Kwasi, Kevin Johnson, Sathya N. Kanakaraj, Guangqi Zhang, Yanbo Fang, Yu-Yun Hsieh, Mahnoosh Khosravifar, Seyram Gbordzoe, Matthew Nichols, and Vesselin Shanov. "Asymmetric Fiber Supercapacitors Based on a FeC2O4/FeOOH-CNT Hybrid Material." C 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7030062.

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The development of new flexible and lightweight electronics has increased the demand for compatible energy storage devices to power them. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have long been known for their ability to be assembled into yarns, offering their integration into electronic devices. They are hindered, however, by their low intrinsic energy storage properties. Herein, we report a novel composite yarn, synthesized through solvothermal processes, that attained energy densities in the range between 0.17 µWh/cm2 and 3.06 µWh/cm2, and power densities between 0.26 mW/cm2 and 0.97 mW/cm2, when assembled in a supercapacitor with a PVDF-EMIMBF4 electrolyte. The created unique composition of iron oxalate + iron hydroxide + CNT as an anode worked well in synergy with the much-studied PANI + CNT cathode, resulting in a highly stable yarn energy storage device that maintained 96.76% of its energy density after 4000 cycles. This device showed no observable change in performance under stress/bend tests which makes it a viable candidate for powering wearable electronics.

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Ybraimzhanova, L. K., N. A. Bektenov, and I. D. Troshkina. "Obtaining and studying composite material based on pani / cnt for extraction of rare metal ions." Vestnik KazNRTU 142, no. 6 (2020): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51301/vest.su.2020.v142.i6.137.

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Wang, Hongjuan, Xiaohui Wang, Cheng Peng, Feng Peng, and Hao Yu. "Preparation and the Electrochemical Performance of MnO₂/PANI@CNT Composite for Supercapacitors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.9166.

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Wang, Qun, Qin Yao, Jiang Chang, and Lidong Chen. "Enhanced thermoelectric properties of CNT/PANI composite nanofibers by highly orienting the arrangement of polymer chains." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 34 (2012): 17612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm32750c.

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Karbownik, Iwona, and Tomasz Rybicki. "Monitoring System for the Formation Process Line of PAN Composite Fibres." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 1(139) (February 29, 2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5855.

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The aim and scope of this work included the design and practical implementation of a digital monitoring system for the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibre spinning process line used for the creation of different PAN based fibres doped with silver (Ag), polyaniline (PANI), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). After the collecting and processing of process parameters, including bath temperatures and the rotational speed of the feeding-receiving points, available in the form of digital data, they were compared with the appearance of fibres obtained (their surface structure and cross-section shape) and with the results of the fibre specific strength (WtP). Archiving of speed and temperature measurement data allowed to create a database combining the process parameters with the parameters of the fibres obtained. Online monitoring of the parameters enabled programmable change of the speed and temperature in important parts of the process in order to develop appropriate production profiles.

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Sharma, Atul Kumar, Anup Kumar Sharma, and Ritu Sharma. "Model study of complex conductivity and permittivity of CNT/PANI composite (CPC) material for application of THz antenna." Materials Today: Proceedings 46 (2021): 5833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.729.

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Thakur, Anukul K., Ashvini B. Deshmukh, Ram Bilash Choudhary, Indrapal Karbhal, Mandira Majumder, and Manjusha V. Shelke. "Facile synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of PANI/CNT/MoS2 ternary composite as an electrode material for high performance supercapacitor." Materials Science and Engineering: B 223 (September 2017): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2017.05.001.

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Chen, I.-Wen Peter, Yu-Chen Chou, and Po-Yuan Wang. "Integration of Ultrathin MoS2/PANI/CNT Composite Paper in Producing All-Solid-State Flexible Supercapacitors with Exceptional Volumetric Energy Density." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, no. 29 (June 19, 2019): 17864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b04046.

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Xie, Lingcai, Yan Shu, Yongyou Hu, Jianhua Cheng, and Yuancai Chen. "SWNTs-PAN/TPU/PANI composite electrospun nanofiber membrane for point-of-use efficient electrochemical disinfection: New strategy of CNT disinfection." Chemosphere 251 (July 2020): 126286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126286.

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Guan, Xipeng, Debin Kong, Qin Huang, Lin Cao, Peng Zhang, Huaijun Lin, Zhidan Lin, and Hong Yuan. "In Situ Growth of a High-Performance All-Solid-State Electrode for Flexible Supercapacitors Based on a PANI/CNT/EVA Composite." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010178.

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For the development of light, flexible, and wearable electronic devices, it is crucial to develop energy storage components combining high capacity and flexibility. Herein, an all-solid-state supercapacitor is prepared through an in situ growth method. The electrode contains polyaniline deposited on a carbon nanotube and a poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) film. The hybrid electrode exhibits excellent mechanical and electrochemical performance. The optimized few-layer polyaniline wrapping layer provides a conductive network that effectively enhances the cycling stability, as 66.4% of the starting capacitance is maintained after 3000 charge/discharge cycles. Furthermore, the polyaniline (PANI)-50 displays the highest areal energy density of 83.6 mWh·cm−2, with an areal power density of 1000 mW·cm−2, and a high areal capacity of 620 mF cm−2. The assembled device delivers a high areal capacity (192.3 mF·cm−2) at the current density of 0.1 mA·cm−2, a high areal energy (26.7 mWh·cm−2) at the power density of 100 mW·cm−2, and shows no significant decrease in the performance with a bending angle of 180°. This unique flexible supercapacitor thus exhibits great potential for wearable electronics.

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Kalagi, S. S., and P. S. Patil. "Studies on electrochemical activity of CNT/PANI composite thin film coating on ITO coated glass surfaces: Effect of concentration on fractal dimension." Electrochimica Acta 231 (March 2017): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.047.

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Mugo, Samuel M., Weihao Lu, and Scott Robertson. "A Wearable, Textile-Based Polyacrylate Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Cortisol Detection in Sweat." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100854.

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A wearable, textile-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor for cortisol detection in human sweat has been demonstrated. The wearable cortisol sensor was fabricated via layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) on a flexible cotton textile substrate coated with a conductive nanoporous carbon nanotube/cellulose nanocrystal (CNT/CNC) composite suspension, conductive polyaniline (PANI), and a selective cortisol-imprinted poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)) decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), or plated with gold. The cortisol sensor rapidly (<2 min) responded to 9.8–49.5 ng/mL of cortisol, with an average relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 6.4% across the dynamic range, indicating excellent precision. The cortisol sensor yielded an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 8.00 ng/mL, which is within the typical physiological levels in human sweat. A single cortisol sensor patch could be reused 15 times over a 30-day period with no loss in performance, attesting to excellent reusability. The cortisol sensor patch was successfully verified for use in quantification of cortisol levels in human sweat.

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Stando, Grzegorz Jan, Paweł Stando, Pavel Chulkin, Mika Sahlman, Mari Lundström, Haitao Liu, and Dawid Janas. "(Digital Presentation) Electrical Properties of Nanocarbon-Polyaniline Nanocomposites." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-019760mtgabs.

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Macroscopic objects such as fibers and films formed from a combination of nanocarbon materials and polymers have promising electrical [1], thermal [2], thermoelectric [3], and mechanical [4] properties. In particular, composites of nanocarbon and conductive polymers revealed that they can constitute key parts of batteries [1] and thermoelectric generators [3]. In literature, it is possible to find many synthesis methods of this type of material. One of the most common approaches is electrochemical, wherein monomers are polymerized onto the nanocarbon surface due to its highly conducting nature [5]. Polyaniline (PANI) is the oldest and still one of the most popular conductive polymers used in this area. That is because PANI is relatively simple to manufacture at low cost and effort. Moreover, it has good mechanical strength and tunable electrical conductivity, which depend on the kind of PANI. This polymer has three forms: pernigraniline – fully oxidized (purpure/red), emeraldine – partially oxidized (blue/violet), and leucoemeraldine – fully reduced (black) [6]. Emeraldine achieves the highest conductivity when doped with Brøstead acids such as HCl, H2SO4, HBF4 [7]. The goal of this study was to exploit the phenomenon of the hydrophilic surface of carbon nanostructure caused by thermal annealing, described by us previously [8], to electropolymerize aniline onto free-standing films from nanocarbon. The films were manufactured by the wet method [8] using single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) exclusively and SWCNTs/graphene nanoplatelet composite. Electropolymerization was used to synthesize PANI on the surface of these materials. To establish the parameters of synthesis of different forms of PANI, voltage ranges between [(-1.6 V) – (1.6 V)] were investigated. The films were tested as a counter and a working electrode in this process. After the synthesis, the composites were investigated by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy. Moreover, water contact angles, electrical conductivity values, and Seebeck coefficients were determined. Composites containing all three PANI forms have been synthesized and thoroughly analyzed to elucidate the structure-property relations. Consequently, correlations between the forms of PANI and the characteristics of nanocomposites were established. Depending on the amount and type of PANI on the surface, the character of the nanocarbon films was affected considerably. For example, coating of the material with emeraldine salts enhanced the electrical conductivity of the films by about 60% [9], while simultaneously making the material much stronger. [1] L. Xiao, Y.H. Sehlleier, S. Dobrowolny, F. Mahlendorf, A. Heinzel, C. Schulz, H. Wiggers, Novel Si-CNT/polyaniline nanocomposites as Lithium-ion battery anodes for improved cycling performance, Mater. Today Proc. 4 (2017) S263–S268. doi:10.1016/J.MATPR.2017.09.197. [2] Z. Duan, Y. Luo, Z. Luo, W. Yu, C. Liu, S. Fan, The influence of charging and discharging on the thermal properties of a carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposite electrode, RSC Adv. 9 (2019) 7629–7634. doi:10.1039/C9RA00151D. [3] R. Wu, H. Yuan, C. Liu, J. Le Lan, X. Yang, Y.H. Lin, Flexible PANI/SWCNT thermoelectric films with ultrahigh electrical conductivity, RSC Adv. 8 (2018) 26011–26019. doi:10.1039/c8ra04863k. [4] M.R. Saeb, P. Zarrintaj, Polyaniline/graphene-based nanocomposites, Fundam. Emerg. Appl. Polyaniline. (2019) 165–175. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817915-4.00010-5. [5] C. Oueiny, S. Berlioz, F.X. Perrin, Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites, Prog. Polym. Sci. 39 (2014) 707–748. doi:10.1016/J.PROGPOLYMSCI.2013.08.009. [6] S.C. Rasmussen, The Early History of Polyaniline: Discovery and Origins, An Int. J. Hist. Chem. Subst. 1 (2017) 99–109. doi:10.13128/substantia-30. [7] Q. Qin, Y. Guo, Preparation and characterization of nano-polyaniline film on ITO conductive glass by electrochemical polymerization, J. Nanomater. 2012 (2012). doi:10.1155/2012/519674. [8] D. Janas, G. Stando, Unexpectedly strong hydrophilic character of free-standing thin films from carbon nanotubes, Sci. Rep. 7 (2017) 12274. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12443-y. [9] G.Stando, P. Stando, P. Chulkin, M. Salhman, M. Lundström, D. Janas, Electropolymerization of aniline onto hydrophilic nanocarbon films (in preparation) G.S. and P.S. would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland for financial support of research (under Diamond Grant, grant agreement 0036/DIA/201948). G.S. also would like to thank European Union for thanks for financing the costs of the conference (European Social Fund, grant nr POWR.03.05.00-00-Z305) and National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Iwanowska program, grant agreement PPN/IWA/2019/1/00017/UO/00001) for financial support during the stay at the University of Pittsburgh in the USA. G.S. and H.L. acknowledge NSF (CBET-2028826) for partial support of this work. P. S. acknowledges the National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Academic International Partnerships program, grant agreement PPI/APM/2018/1/00004) for supporting training in the Aalto University. G.S, P.S and D.J. would like to thank the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (under the Leader program, grant agreement LIDER/0001/L-8/16/NCBR/2017).

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S, Anil Subash, Manjunatha C, Ajit Khosla, R. Hari Krishna, and Ashoka S. "Current Progress in Materials, Device Fabrication, and Biomedical Applications of Potentiometric Sensor Devices: A Short Review." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 6343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.6343ecst.

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Potentiometric sensor devices are having a wide range of applications in environmental and biomedical fields. This short review aims to provide updates on recent innovations in various nanomaterials as sensing components used in potentiometric sensor devices. The review also covers the various methods and conditions used to develop these sensor nanomaterials with appropriately decorated by functional groups. Reduced graphene oxide along with traditional platinum electrodes is used to monitor algae growth in an aquatic ecosystem. Here, the addition of reduced-graphene increases the selectivity and precision of the potentiometric sensor. The review also describe the fabrication and the mechanism of sensing of carbon composite based glucose sensors, sweat sensors, and pH sensors, which are used for monitoring a human body. Sweat sensors are the ion-sensors which use carbon nanoparticles for high selectivity. Porous graphene oxide is also one of the highly used carbon nanomaterials which show high selectivity towards different types of chemicals under certain conditions. PANI/Graphene/CNT nanocomposite based potentiometric sensor is used to detect hazardous 4-aminophenol in the surrounding area. Using nanocomposite increases the selectivity and gives a high current response in the I-V graph. The granular nature of InVO4 is used in the fabrication of ammonia sensors. Formaldehyde is one of the commonly found adulterations in the food. A biosensor has been fabricated using CNTs-Fe3O4 nanocomposite to detect the formaldehyde in the foods. Finally the review summarizes the merits and limitations of various potentiometric sensors developed for different biomedical applications.

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Zhang, Weiyu, Shuai Cao, Zhaofeng Wu, Min Zhang, Yali Cao, Jixi Guo, Furu Zhong, Haiming Duan, and Dianzeng Jia. "High-Performance Gas Sensor of Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotube Composites Promoted by Interface Engineering." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010149.

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Inspired by the enhanced gas-sensing performance by the one-dimensional hierarchical structure, one-dimensional hierarchical polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PANI/CNT) fibers were prepared. Interestingly, the simple heating changed the sensing characteristics of PANI from p-type to n-type and n-type PANI and p-type CNTs form p–n hetero junctions at the core–shell interface of hierarchical PANI/CNT composites. The p-type PANI/CNT (p-PANI/CNT) and n-type PANI/CNT (n-PANI/CNT) performed the higher sensitivity to NO2 and NH3, respectively. The response times of p-PANI/CNT and n-PANI/CNT to 50 ppm of NO2 and NH3 are only 5.2 and 1.8 s, respectively, showing the real-time response. The estimated limit of detection for NO2 and NH3 is as low as to 16.7 and 6.4 ppb, respectively. After three months, the responses of p-PANI/CNT and n-PANI/CNT decreased by 19.1% and 11.3%, respectively. It was found that one-dimensional hierarchical structures and the deeper charge depletion layer enhanced by structural changes of PANI contributed to the sensitive and fast responses to NH3 and NO2. The formation process of the hierarchical PANI/CNT fibers, p–n transition, and the enhanced gas-sensing performance were systematically analyzed. This work also predicts the development prospects of cost-effective, high-performance PANI/CNT-based sensors.

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Gajendran, Pandi, and Ramiah Saraswathi. "Polyaniline-carbon nanotube composites." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 11 (January 1, 2008): 2377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880112377.

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The key developments in polyaniline-carbon nanotube (PANI-CNT) composites are reviewed. Apart from in situ chemical polymerization and electrochemical deposition, a number of interesting approaches including the use of aniline functionalized CNTs and ultrasound/microwave/γ-radiation initiated polymerization have been used in the preparation of composites. The structure and properties of these composites have been investigated by a variety of techniques including absorption, infrared (IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods, scanning electron and scanning probe microscopy techniques, cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. The experimental results indicate favorable interaction between PANI and CNTs. The CNT content in these composites controls their conductive, mechanical, and thermal properties. The most interesting characteristic is their easy dispersibility in aqueous solution. The performance evaluation studies of PANI-CNT composites in a number of applications including supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, and actuators are highlighted.

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45

Trujanovic, Robert, Pablo E. Otero, and Maria Paula Larenza Menzies. "Combined ultrasound/electrostimulation-guided block of the lumbosacral plexus in a cat undergoing pelvic limb amputation." Veterinary Record Case Reports 8, no. 1 (March 2020): e000977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000977.

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A cat was anaesthetised with midazolam and alfaxalone for a pelvic limb amputation due to a metatarsal fracture complicated with soft tissue necrosis. The femoral nerve and lumbosacral trunk were blocked with ropivacaine 0.75 per cent using a combined ultrasound/nervestimulation-guided approach. Anaesthesia was maintained with end-tidal concentrations of isoflurane between 1 per cent and 1.1 per cent. Vital parameters were stable during anaesthesia although moderate hypothermia (33.6°C–35.5°C) was encountered. The lateral cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve was desensitised with lidocaine 2 per cent at the end of the surgical procedures. The cat recovered well from anaesthesia and received meloxicam 0.05 mg/kg daily for postoperative pain treatment. Repeated evaluations using a composite pain scale showed values compatible with low probability of pain during the following 48 hours. Only one dose of methadone (0.2 mg/kg) was given. The combined femoral nerve and lumbosacral trunk block provided optimal intraoperative antinociception and postoperative pain relief.

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Chen, Jikun, Liming Wang, Xuchun Gui, Zhiqiang Lin, Xinyou Ke, Feng Hao, Yulong Li, et al. "Strong anisotropy in thermoelectric properties of CNT/PANI composites." Carbon 114 (April 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.074.

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47

Alhartomy, Omar. "Humidity sensing properties of surface modified polyaniline ZnO nanocomposites." Sensor Review 35, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2015-0024.

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Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate the humidity-sensing of polyaniline–zinc oxide (PANI–ZnO) nanocomposites. Humidity sensor has wide applications in drug industries, food industries and domestic purpose to regulate the humidity level. Design/methodology/approach – PANI–ZnO composites were prepared by in situ polymerization method, and further humidity response was tested by using a two-probe sensor setup. Findings – PANI-ZnO composites surface were modified by using camphor sulphonic acid. DC conductivity is due to the hopping of polorans. Thermal coefficient value varies from 1.7 to 2.3. The 30 weight per cent composite shows high sensitivity among other composites. Research limitations/implications – These composites can be used only at room temperature or moderate temperature, i.e. below 280°C. Practical implications – The composites are prepared in tetrapod shape that has a large surface area and more stability. Therefore, these materials would be the replacement for conventional materials. Social implications – These sensors have many applications in food and drug preservation, domestic purposes, etc. Originality/value – This work is original, and not being considered for publication elsewhere. In this work, the charge transport properties were evaluated based on the resistivity change when samples were exposed to humidity.

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Liu, Ruhao, Changhong Liu, and Shoushan Fan. "A photocapacitor based on organometal halide perovskite and PANI/CNT composites integrated using a CNT bridge." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 44 (2017): 23078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta06297d.

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Zhang, Chun, Hui Li, Yalong Liu, Pengcheng Li, Siqi Liu, and Chaobin He. "Advancement of Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotubes Based Thermoelectric Composites." Materials 15, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 8644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238644.

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Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials have been widely investigated due to their good stability, easy synthesis, and high electrical conductivity. Among them, polyaniline/carbon nanotubes (PANI/CNTs) composites have attracted significant attention for pursuing enhanced TE properties to meet the demands of commercial applications. In this review, we summarize recent advances in versatile PANI/CNTs composites in terms of the dispersion methods of CNTs (such as the addition of surfactants, mechanical grinding, and CNT functional group modification methods), fabrication engineering (physical blending and in-situ polymerization), post-treatments (solvent treatments to regulate the doping level and microstructure of PANI), and multi-components composites (incorporation of other components to enhance energy filtering effect and Seebeck coefficient), respectively. Various approaches are comprehensively discussed to illustrate the microstructure modulation and conduction mechanism within PANI/CNTs composites. Furthermore, we briefly give an outlook on the challenges of the PANI/CNTs composites for achieving high performance and hope to pave a way for future development of high-performance PANI/CNTs composites for sustainable energy utilization.

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Chen, Jikun, Liming Wang, Dudi Ren, Yanhui Chu, Yong Wu, Kangkang Meng, Jun Miao, Xiaoguang Xu, and Yong Jiang. "Revealing the anisotropy in thermoelectric transport performances in CNT/PANI composites." Synthetic Metals 239 (May 2018): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.03.004.

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