Academic literature on the topic 'CNT/PANI composite'
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Journal articles on the topic "CNT/PANI composite"
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Jiang, Qi, De Yu Xie, Guang Gang Fu, Bin Huang, Xiao Feng Zhao, and Yong Zhao. "Effects of the CNT on the Preparation and Electrochemical Performances of the CNT / PANI Hollow Sphere Composite." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.61.
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In this paper, a hollow sphere carbon nanotube (CNT) / polyaniline (PANI) composite was prepared by using the Fe3O4as a template. At the same time, the pure PANI and CNT/PANI composite were obtained with same method without Fe3O4template. The composition and the morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. And the electrochemical performances of the obtained materials were tested by the cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charging/discharging and cycle life testing. The results show that the obtained hollow sphere CNT/PANI composite have larger surface area than pure PANI and CNT/PANI composite for its hollow sphere structure. The obtained hollow sphere CNT/PANI composite have 185 F/g specific capacitance (in organic electrolyte), which is much more than those of the pure PANI and CNT/PANI composite (about 65 F/g, 152 F/g). The results also show that CNT have a great effect on the preparation of the hollow sphere CNT/PANI composite.
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Iqbal, Javed, Mohammad Omaish Ansari, Arshid Numan, S. Wageh, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohd Gulfam Alam, Pramod Kumar, Rashida Jafer, Shahid Bashir, and A. H. Rajpar. "Hydrothermally Assisted Synthesis of Porous Polyaniline@Carbon Nanotubes–Manganese Dioxide Ternary Composite for Potential Application in Supercapattery." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 2918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122918.
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In this study, ternary composites of polyaniline (PANI) with manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanorods and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by employing a hydrothermal methodology and in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. The morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the MnO2 possessed nanorod like structures in its pristine form, while in the ternary PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite, coating of PANI over CNT/MnO2, rods/tubes were evidently seen. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed peaks corresponding to MnO2, PANI and CNT, which suggested efficacy of the synthesis methodology. The electrochemical performance in contrast to individual components revealed the enhanced performance of PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite due to the synergistic/additional effect of PANI, CNT and MnO2 compared to pure MnO2, PANI and PANI@CNT. The PANI@CNT/MnO2 ternary composite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 143.26 C g−1 at a scan rate of 3 mV s−1. The cyclic stability of the supercapattery (PANI@CNT/MnO2/activated carbon)—consisting of a battery type electrode—demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with continuous charge–discharge over ~1000 cycles and showed a cyclic stability of 119% compared to its initial value after 3500 cycles.
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Kan, Kan, Chun Sheng Chen, Guang Xin Zhang, Chao Jiang, Li Li, and Ke Ying Shi. "Fabrication of Polyaniline-Coated Carbon Nanotubes Conducting Wire Nanocomposite for NH3 Gas Sensors at Room Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.661.
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The nanocomposite of polyaniline (PAni)-coated Carbon nanotubes (CNT) for NH3gas sensing application are presented in this paper. The nanorods of PAni/CNT nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate in acidic medium. The aniline was adsorbed in CNT by vacuum absorption method. The morphologies and properties of the nanocomposite have been characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR respectively. Thin sensor of PAni/CNT nanorods was prepared by spin coating method. Finally, the response of these composite films for NH3gas was evaluated by monitoring the change in electrical resistance at room temperature. With compared to the pure PAni and CNT, tSubscript texthe nanorods of PAni/CNT composite films show a higher sensitivity.
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Lobov, Ivan A., Nadim A. Davletkildeev, Sergey N. Nesov, Denis V. Sokolov, and Petr M. Korusenko. "Effect of Nitrogen Atoms in the CNT Structure on the Gas Sensing Properties of PANI/CNT Composite." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 7169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147169.
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Herein we report the gas-sensitive properties to ammonia (at 2–10 ppm) of individual nanostructures of a polyaniline/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composite with a nitrogen content of 0 at.% (uCNTs), 2 at.% (N-CNTs) and 4 at.% (N+-CNTs). Doping of nanotubes with nitrogen was carried out in order to both reduce the electron work function, to form a potential barrier at the “PANI-CNTs” interface, and reduce the contribution of nanotubes to the composite conductivity. An increase in the nitrogen content in CNTs leads to an increase in conductivity, a decrease in the work function, and the formation of defects in the outer walls of CNTs. It was found that the structural and chemical state of the polymer layer of all composites is the same. However, polymer morphology on nanotubes changes dramatically with increasing nitrogen content in CNTs: a thin smooth layer on uCNTs, a globular layer on N-CNTs, and a thick layer with a sheet-like structure on N+-CNTs. All composites showed the same response time (~20 s) and recovery time (~120 s). Ammonia sensitivity was 10.5 ± 0.2, 15.3 ± 0.5 and 2.2 ± 0.1 ppm−1 for PANI/uCNTs, PANI/N-CNTs and PANI/N+-CNTs, respectively. Based on the results obtained here, we came to the conclusion that the morphological features of the polymer layer on CNTs with different nitrogen content have a dominant effect on the gas reaction than the change in the electronic properties of the polymer at the interface “PANI-CNT”.
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Jan'ah, Ayu Miftachul, and Teguh Endah Saraswati. "Review: Sintesis Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) dari Bahan Terbarukan untuk Komposit Carbon Nanotube-Polyaniline." Proceeding of Chemistry Conferences 6 (September 15, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/pcc.6.0.55083.9-17.
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<p>Artikel ini berisi tentang sintesis <em>carbon nanotubes</em> (CNT) dari material tanaman sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan kimia dan pemanfaatan bahan terbarukan. CNT telah berhasil disintesis dari prekursor tanaman seperti cangkang sawit, minyak sawit, bambu, kayu karet, jerami padi, batok kelapa, serat kelapa dan minyak kelapa. Sifat unik dari CNT menyebabkan penelitiannya terus dilakukan dan banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai aplikasi salah satunya material komposit. CNT yang telah disintesis dapat dikompositkan dengan <em>polyaniline</em> (PANI) untuk memperoleh konduktivitas, sifat optik, dan kekuatan mekanik yang lebih unggul. </p><p><strong><em>Review: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) from Renewable Materials for Carbon Nanotube-Polyaniline Composites. </em></strong>This article contains the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) from plant materials in an effort to reduce the use of chemicals and the use of renewable materials. CNT has been successfully synthesized from plant precursors such as palm kernel shells, palm oil, bamboo, rubberwood, rice straw, coconut shells, coconut fiber, and coconut oil. The unique properties of CNT have led to continuous research and many applications in various applications, one of which is composite materials. The synthesized CNTs can be composite with polyaniline (PANI) to obtain superior conductivity, optical properties, and mechanical strength.</p>
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Nikzad, Leila, M. R. Vaezi, and B. Yazdani. "Synthesis of carbon nanotube–Poly aniline nano composite and evaluation of electrochemical properties." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 05 (January 2012): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512002437.
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In this paper, carbon nanotube (CNT)- polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were developed from in situ polymerization of aniline. The CNT can be prepared by either acid treatment of CNTs suspension by grafting functional groups to CNTs surface. In this study, CNT and acid treatment CNT was used for preparation of nanocomposite. The PANI-CNT nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR, SEM. CNT can be prepared by either acid treatment of CNTs suspension to make them ionized or by grafting functional groups to CNTs surface. In addition, the electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltametric (CV) curves showed that the conductivity of the obtained nanocomposite increased. Therefore, the supercapacitors behavior of polyaniline improves with adding CNT especially with acid treatment CNT.
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Słoma, Marcin, Maciej Andrzej Głód, and Bartłomiej Wałpuski. "Printed Flexible Thermoelectric Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154122.
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A new era of composite organic materials, nanomaterials, and printed electronics is emerging to the applications of thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Special attention is focused on carbon nanomaterials and conducting polymers, and the possibility to form pastes and inks for various low-cost deposition techniques. In this work, we present a novel approach to the processing of composite materials for screen-printing based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI), supported with a dielectric polymer vehicle. Three different types of such tailor-made materials were prepared, with a functional phase consisted of carbon nanotubes and polyaniline composites fabricated with two methods: dry mixing of PANI CNT powders and in situ polymerisation of PANI with CNT. These materials were printed on flexible polymer substrates, exhibiting outstanding mechanical properties. The best parameters obtained for elaborated materials were σ=405.45 S·m−1, S=15.4 μV·K−1, and PF=85.2 nW·m−1K−2, respectively.
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Cursaru, Laura-Madalina, Ana-Maria Mocioiu, Ioan Albert Tudor, and Roxana Mioara Piticescu. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes-Polyaniline(CNT-PANI)Composites and Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization of CNT-PANI Coatings." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.3.5396.
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Heavy metals have a major contribution to biosphere pollution due to toxicity. The detection and monitoring of the environmental agents in soil, water and air is very important for the general health of humans and animals. It has been recently shown that electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) using modified electrodes are very attractive methods for detecting heavy metals. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of hydrothermal process combined with electrochemical techniques to obtain modified electrodes based on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) for metals detection. Commercial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were functionalized by a mixture of HNO3/H2SO4 and further used for hydrothermal synthesis of CNT-PANI composites with different mass ratios. The resulted powders were analyzed by spectral (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and thermal (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) methods, and then dispersed in a surfactant/electrolyte solution for preliminary electrochemical experiments (cyclic voltammetry, CV and DPV) to obtain modified electrodes. The influence of the CNT: PANI mass ratio and the synthesis time on the formation of composites with the desired structural and electrochemical properties were studied. It was found that CNT-PANI composite powder having mass ratio 1:4 and synthesis time 3h has the best structural and thermal characteristics and formed a weakly conductive film on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. Preliminary electrochemical tests revealed the electroactive forms of polyaniline, through the presence of characteristic oxidation peaks but also reduction peaks, corresponding to reversible redox reactions, demonstrating that glassy carbon electrode has been electrochemically modified with CNT-PANI coatings. Further studies will be conducted to test the potential application of glassy carbon electrode modified with CNT-PANI coatings as electrochemical sensor for heavy metals detection.
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Anwar, N., N. A. Niaz, A. Shakoor, M. Qasim, and M. Ahmad. "The structural and electrical properties of polyaniline carbon nanotubes (PANI-CNTs) composite." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.174.1535.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical polymerization method in the presence of HCl medium. The structure of the PANI/CNTs composite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The SEM results showed granular and tube like shape for PANI and CNTs respectively. The SEM characterization of PANI-CNTs composite revealed a uniform wrapping of CNTs by PANI forming a core-shell nanostructure. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements were performed in the frequency range of 0.1 kHz-1 MHz. Dielectric measurements revealed the strong interactions between PANI and CNT nanoparticles causing a beneficial effect on stability of the composites. The dielectric constant followed the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The frequency dependent conductivity obeyed a power law of frequency. Temperature has an effect on dielectric constant values of composite sample. Heat treatment affected the dipole polarization by reducing the relaxation time and hence contributed to the enhancement of dielectric parameters. Dielectric properties of composites were found to be improved due to addition of carbon nanotubes, which can improve the formation of a more efficient network for charge transport mechanism in the base polyaniline matrix. The border between polyaniline and CNTs can play an important role in yielding a large dielectric constant in the nanocomposites.
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Indrusiak Silva, Tamara, Ketly Pontes Soares, Iaci Miranda Pereira, Loan Filipi Calheiros, and Bluma Guenther Soares. "Evaluation of Epoxy Resin Composites in Multilayer Structure for Stealth Technology." Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5028/jatm.etmq.23.
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The present work evaluates a multilayer structure based on epoxy resin for stealth technology. The structure consists of two absorber layers with nanoferrite and a resistive layer between them containing polyaniline (PANI) with and without carbon nanotube (CNT). The best reflection loss result multilayer structure analyzed was Ni-PANICNT-Fe with RL = –22dB at 11,9 GHz, justified by higher conductivity loss due to the CNT in PANI epoxy composite.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CNT/PANI composite"
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Adusei, Paa Kwasi. "Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Fibers for Supercapacitor Application." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1561996824580323.
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Aussawasathien, Darunee. "ELECTROSPUN CONDUCTING NANOFIBER-BASED MATERIALS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATIONS: EFFECTS OF FIBER CHARACTERISTICS ON PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1145050541.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, 2006."May, 2006." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 10/11/2006) Advisor, Erol Sancaktar; Committee members, James L. White, Kyonsuku Min, Darrell H. Reneker, Wieslaw Binienda; Department Chair, Sadhan C. Jana; Dean of the College, Frank N. Kelley; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sousa, Sofia Palacim Terreiro de. "Utilização da escala multidimensional composta para avaliação de dor aguda pós-cirúrgica em gato para comparação de eficácia de três protocolos analgésicos no modelo cirúrgico de ovariohisterectomia eletiva felina." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6529.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO alívio da dor pericirúrgica é uma temática essencial em Medicina Veterinária, não só pela promoção do bem-estar dos animais, como de uma melhor recuperação da anestesia. O gato (Felis silvestris catus) é uma das espécies sobre as quais há um menor domínio do reconhecimento e do controlo da dor. Recentemente, foi desenvolvida a “Escala Multidimensional Composta Para Avaliação de Dor Aguda Pós-Cirúrgica em Gato”, que constitui uma nova ferramenta no maneio da dor felina. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a utilização da referida escala para comparar a eficácia de três protocolos analgésicos, administrados em gatas saudáveis (n=30), submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Para efeitos de avaliação de dor peri-cirúrgica consideraram-se as pontuações de dor no pré-cirúrgico (T0) e às 1h (T1), 2h (T2), 3h (T3), 4h (T4), 24h (T24) e 48h (T48) após a recuperação anestésica. Os grupos de estudo – GR, GB e GRB – foram, respetivamente, pré-medicados com robenacoxib (SC, 2mg/Kg) (n=10), buprenorfina (EV, 0.02mg/Kg) (n=10) e a combinação de ambos os fármacos (n=10), 30-45 minutos antes da cirurgia. Durante o procedimento, monitorizaram-se variáveis fisiológicas, como a pressão arterial sistólica, a frequência cardíaca e a frequência respiratória. No pós-cirúrgico, pontuações de dor iguais ou superiores a 8, com avaliação clínica concordante, remetiam para analgesia de resgate (buprenorfina IM, 0,02mg/Kg). A análise estatística foi realizada com o software SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, 2004), com recurso à análise de variância “One Way ANOVA”, ao teste de comparação de médias, utilizando um teste t, e ao teste de qui-quadrado. Os resultados revelaram pontuações de dor mais elevadas no grupo GB, seguido do GR e, finalmente, do GRB. Quanto às analgesias de resgate, foram efetuadas em 2 gatas do grupo GR, 3 do grupo GB e 0 do grupo GRB. Ainda que não se tivesse encontrado diferença significativa entre os protocolos analgésicos, quando se analisaram as repetições das analgesias de resgate, verificou-se maior exigência das mesmas no grupo GB. Da análise das variáveis fisiológicas, retirou-se que apenas para a pressão arterial sistólica houve diferenças significativas entre grupos. Concluiu-se que a analgesia multimodal se mostrou mais eficiente, embora ambos os protocolos com robenacoxib se tenham mostrado eficazes. Podemos também referir que a presente escala de dor permitiu uma pontuação fidedigna e uma abordagem à dor póscirúrgica do gato bem-sucedida.
ABSTRACT - Perioperative pain relief is a major subject in veterinary practice as it determines the level of well being of the animals and provides a better anesthetic recovery. Nowadays there is still lack of knowledge about pain detection and management in the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus). Recently a multidimensional composite scale for use in assessing acute postoperative pain in cats was developed and represents a new tool for feline pain management. The purpose of the present study was to use this new pain scale in order to compare three different analgesic protocols in thirty healthy female cats (n=30) after ovariohysterectomy. Pain scores were considered before surgery (T0) and 1h (T1), 2h (T2), 3h (T3), 4h (T4), 24h (T24) and 48h (T48) after anesthetic recovery. Study groups – GR, GB e GRB – were respectively pre-medicated 30-45 minutes before surgery with robenacoxib (SC, 2mg/Kg) (n=10), buprenorphine (EV, 0.02mg/Kg) (n=10) and their combination (n=10). Physiologic variables as respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure were continuously monitored during the procedure. After surgery cats would be having rescue analgesia (buprenorphine IM, 0,02mg/Kg) if pain scores were equal to or greater than 8. Statistical analysis of the present study was performed with statistical software SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, 2004) using the analysis of variance "One way ANOVA", the t test and the chi-square test. The results showed higher scores in GB group, followed by GR group and GRB group. Two cats needed rescue analgesia in GR group, three were rescued in GB group and none o the cats needed rescue analgesia in GRB group. We can’t safely say that there are statistical significant differences among analgesic protocols as we had p=0,06. However GB group was the only one showing need to repeat rescue analgesia. Statistic analysis of the physiologic variables revealed statistical differences among groups only for systolic arterial blood pressure. We concluded that multimodal analgesia was more effective. Nevertheless both protocols with robenacoxib were efficient. Thus we can accomplish that the multidimensional composite scale for use in assessing acute postoperative pain in cats is a reliable pain scoring method and allowed a satisfactory approach to feline postoperative pain.
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Lin, Hua-Wei, and 林華偉. "Study on the CNT/PANI composite anode for microbial fuel cell." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91820947972361398097.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
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This study use carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) composite as the anode of microbial fuel cells (MFC). The CNTs are prepared by arc discharge and then combined with polyaniline by in situ polymerization. The obtained composite material are coated on stainless steel to form the anode of microbial fuel cell. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are adopted to observe the chemical composition and surface morphology of the CNTs/PANI composites. By the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) testing for E.coli, it is verified that CNTs/PANI composite is compatible with microorganism. Make the proportion of two different CNTS composites, namely 5wt.% and 10wt.% CNTS in CNTs/PANI composites anode into fuel cell systems for performance comparison testing.The case of 10wt.% CNTs shows the highest power density of 6.506 mW/m2, compared to the uncoated stainless steel enhanced 317%, so CNTs/PANI composite suitable for application as a microbial fuel cell.
Conference papers on the topic "CNT/PANI composite"
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Roy, Atanu, Apurba Ray, Priyabrata Sadhukhan, and Sachindranath Das. "Transparent CNT/PANI composite electrode for supercapacitive applications." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Nanotechnology for Better Living. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-7519-7nbl16-rps-144.
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Ionita, Mariana. "Molecular Modeling for Calculation of Mechanical Properties of Polyaniline-Carbon-Nanotubes." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24833.
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Atomistic models of polyaniline (PANI)-single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were built in order to assess the effect of quantity and quality of CNTs and temperature on the calculated mechanical properties of PANI. Three different types of CNTs were considered: single walled carbon nanotubes m-polyaminobenzene sulfonic acid functionalized (CNTs-PABS), single walled carbon nanotubes octadecylamine functionalized (CNTs-ODA) and single walled carbon nanotubes carboxylic acid functionalized (CNTs-CX). Atomistic models were built for PANI-functionalized CNTs with a range of CNTs content, contained within periodic boundary conditions and were subject of multistage equilibration procedure. In order to test the mechanical behaviour of the models virtual uniaxial traction tests along the three perpendicular edges of the models were performed. The Young’s moduli generally increased with increasing of CNTs content and values range from 0.48 GPa in the case of pure PANI to 1.35–1.83 GPa in the case of PANI-CNTs-PABS composite system.
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Abdul-kareem, Asma Abdulgader, Anton Popelka, and Jolly Bhadra. "Fabrication of Flexible Electrically Conductive Polymer Based Micro-Patterns using Plasma Discharge." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0062.
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The application of polymer-based micro-patterns in the field of flexible micro-electronics has become the focus as to replace rigid and planar silicon based integrated circuits with weak bendability. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be used as a substrate because of its excellent flexible and mechanical properties and polyaniline (PANI) is a typical representative of the electrical conductive polymers applicable for this purpose. PANI excels by a stable and controllable electrical conductivity, high environment stability, and ease fabrication. An improvement of electrical conductivity of PANI can be achieved using different nano-particles, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs since their discovery have attracted attention due to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, and had divergent applications, such as complex nano/micro-electronic devices, energy storage and both chemical and bio sensors. This research was focused on the preparation of micro-patterns based on electrically conductive PANI using shaping mold and cold plasma acting as adhesion promoter for PET substrate. The PANI/CNTs nano-composite was used to enhance an electrical conductivity of prepared micropatterns. The adhesion of prepared micro-patterns was evaluated based on the peel tests measurement. Various microscopic techniques, such as profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), proved the homogeneous structures of prepared polymer based micro-patterns. Broad dielectric spectroscopy and conductive AFM confirmed electrical behavior of prepared micro-patterns.
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Sancaktar, E., and D. Aussawasathien. "Improving Volume Resistivity of Epoxy Nanocomposites Using Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Nanofibers and Their Silver Modification." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80576.
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The electrospinning technique was utilized to prepare non-woven fabric carbon nanofibers (CNFs) via polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor nanofibers. The volume resistivity (ρv) of non-woven mat CNFs containing the small size of beads and fiber diameters was lower than the ones possessing large beads and fiber diameters owing to the high specific surface area of the former. The ρv values of CNF mats prepared from 6.5 (fiber dia. ~120–250 nm) and 8.0 (fiber dia. ~250–600) wt% PAN solutions and carbonized at 950 °C were 0.32 and 1.33 Ω.cm, respectively. Additionally, the ρv value of CNF fabrics was improved by silver (Ag) modifications. The CNF mats containing Ag nanoparticles by in-situ preparing Ag nanoparticles in PAN solution prior to electrospinning and carbonization and Ag coating of CNF mats exhibited ρv values more or less 0.15 and 0.24 Ω.cm, respectively, even though the nanofiber diameter obtained from the former method was slightly larger than that of the latter. Effects of the fiber aspect ratio (L/D ratio) and the interconnecting network due to non-woven mat like fibers on the ρv were demonstrated by comparing the ρv of epoxy nanocomposites containing different forms of CNFs, non-woven fabric and short nanofibers. It was found that the ρv value of non-woven mat CNF/epoxy nanocomposite was much lower than that of short CNF/epoxy nanocomposite at 10 phr filler loading. Interestingly, the ρv values of non-woven mat CNF/epoxy nanocomposites dropped rapidly from 1010.5 Ω.cm at 0 phr filler content to 1.05 Ω.cm at about 10 phr filler content. Furthermore, the ρv values of non-woven mat CNF/epoxy nanocomposites leveled off to that of the filler itself or even lower at the filler dosage about 15 phr or higher, because the thickness of CNF mats impregnated in the epoxy composite was increased at high filler loading, thus yielding highly connected network inside the composite.