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Journal articles on the topic 'CNT MODEL FOR FIELD EMISSION'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Mahmood, Salman, Zainal Arif Burhanudin, and Nor Hisham Hamid. "Field Emission Model of CNT Based Ionization Gas Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 667 (March 2013): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.667.135.

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A new model to study the gas detection mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT) based ionization gas sensor has been developed. The model incorporates the effect of electron field emission due to the presence of CNT. The model is then embedded in the standard Particle-In-Cell / Monte-Carlo-Collision (PIC-MCC) codes. This enhanced PIC-MCC codes serve as a tool to optimize CNT based ionization gas sensor. The functionality of the new model is validated by running simulations of DC discharges in argon and comparing the results with published experimental and simulated works. From the simulation, one or

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Lee, Ha Rim, Da Woon Kim, Alfi Rodiansyah, Boklae Cho, Joonwon Lim, and Kyu Chang Park. "Investigation of the Effect of Structural Properties of a Vertically Standing CNT Cold Cathode on Electron Beam Brightness and Resolution of Secondary Electron Images." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (2021): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081918.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based cold cathodes are promising sources of field emission electrons for advanced electron devices, particularly for ultra-high-resolution imaging systems, due to their high brightness and low energy spread. While the electron field emission properties of single-tip CNT cathodes have been intensively studied in the last few decades, a systematic study of the influencing factors on the electron beam properties of CNT cold cathodes and the resolution of the secondary electron images has been overlooked in this field. Here, we have systematically investigated the effect of

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3

Ludwick, Jonathan, Nathaniel Hernandez, Geet Tripathi, Marc Cahay, Tyson Back, and Kevin L. Jensen. "Influence of thermal contact resistance on the field emission characteristics of a carbon nanotube." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 4 (2022): 042804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002001.

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A recent algorithm developed by Tripathi et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 128, 025017 (2020); Erratum, J. Appl. Phys. 131, 169901 (2022)] is modified to study the effects of thermal contact resistance on the field emission (FE) properties of a carbon nanotube (CNT). The model takes into account the temperature dependence of the CNT electrical and thermal conductivities. The boundary condition proposed by Huang et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 7 (2004)] is used to include the effects of thermal contact resistance at a CNT/chuck interface located at [Formula: see text], i.e., [Formula: see text], where r is t

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Saleh, Tawfik A., Mohammad N. Siddiqui, and Abdulrahman A. Al-Arfaj. "Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Titania Nanomaterial for Desulfurization of Model Fuel." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/940639.

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This work reported on the development of novel nanomaterials of multiwalled carbon nanotubes doped with titania (CNT/TiO2) for the adsorptive desulfurization of model fuel oils. Various analytical techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the characterization of the nanomaterials. The initial results indicated the effectiveness of the prepared CNT/TiO2nanomaterials in removing sulfur compounds from model fuel oil. The adsorption of DBT, BT, and thiophene fr

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Zu, Yifan, Xuesong Yuan, Xiaotao Xu, et al. "Design and Simulation of a Multi-Sheet Beam Terahertz Radiation Source Based on Carbon-Nanotube Cold Cathode." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (2019): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121768.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathodes are proving to be compelling candidates for miniaturized terahertz (THz) vacuum electronic devices (VEDs) owning to their superior field-emission (FE) characteristics. Here, we report on the development of a multi-sheet beam CNT cold cathode electron optical system with concurrently high beam current and high current density. The microscopic FE characteristics of the CNT film emitter is captured through the development of an empirically derived macroscopic simulation model which is used to provide representative emission performance. Through parametrically o

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Zhang, Yang, Xinchuan Liu, Liye Zhao, Yuanxun Li, and Zhenjun Li. "Simulation and Optimization of CNTs Cold Cathode Emission Grid Structure." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010050.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show significant advantages in the development of cold cathode X-ray tubes due to their excellent field emission performance; however, there are still some problems, such as short lifetime and the low emission current of large-area CNTs. In this paper, a front-grid carbon nanotube array model was established, and the electric field intensity near the tip of the CNTs’ electric field enhancement factor was analytically calculated. A simulation model of a CNT three-dimensional field emission electron gun was established by using computer simulation technology (CST). The ef

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Qistina, Omar, Ali Salmiaton, Thomas S. Y. Choong, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, and Shamsul Izhar. "Optimization of Carbon Nanotube-Coated Monolith by Direct Liquid Injection Chemical Vapor Deposition Based on Taguchi Method." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010067.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to act as a catalyst support in many sciences and engineering fields due to their outstanding properties. The CNT-coated monolith was synthesized over a highly active Ni catalyst using direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The aim was to study the optimum condition for synthesizing CNT-coated monoliths. The Taguchi method with L9 (34) orthogonal array design was employed to optimize the experimental conditions of CNT-coated monoliths. The design response was the percentage of carbon yield expressed by the signal-to-noise (S/N) value

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Bulyarskiy, Sergey V., Alexander A. Dudin, Alexander V. Lakalin, et al. "Effect of heating and resistance on emission properties of carbon nanotubes." Characterization and Application of Nanomaterials 3, no. 2 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/can.v3i2.567.

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We have studied the effect of the series resistance on the heating of the cathode, which is based on carbon nanotubes and serves to realize the field emission of electrons into the vacuum. The experiment was performed with the single multi-walled carbon nanotube (MCNT) that was separated from the array grown by CVD method with thin-film Ni-Ti catalyst (nickel 4 nm/Ti 10 nm). The heating of the cathode leads to the appearance of a current of the thermionic emission. The experimental voltage current characteristic exhibited the negative resistance region caused by thermal field emission. This cu

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9

Behling, Rolf. "Electric Field Enhancing Artifacts as Precursors for Vacuum High-Voltage Breakdown." Instruments 3, no. 4 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3040064.

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Abrupt formation of plasma in a high-voltage insulating vacuum gap and subsequent discharge of electrodes limits the reliability of a class of vacuum electronic devices, such as X-ray tubes. It has been suggested that electron field emission from negatively charged electrodes would precede and initiate such discharge. Heating and evaporation of material upon field emission would cause dense plasma to develop in periods of nanoseconds. High-pressure plasma would expand from the cathode, eventually bridging the gap. Nevertheless, the very reason for the unredictable initial development of discha

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10

Hussain, Md Zakir, Sabah Khan, Rajamani Nagarajan, Urfi Khan, and Vishnu Vats. "Fabrication and Microhardness Analysis of MWCNT/MnO2 Nanocomposite." Journal of Materials 2016 (October 10, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6070468.

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Recent research has shown that carbon nanotube (CNT) acts as a model reinforcement material for fabricating nanocomposites. The addition of CNT as a reinforcing material into the matrix improves the mechanical, thermal, tribological, and electrical properties. In this research paper multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), with different weight percentage (5%, 10%, and 15%), was reinforced into manganese dioxide (MnO2) matrix using solution method. The different weight % of MWCNT/MnO2 nanocomposite powders was compacted and then sintered. The phase analysis, morphology, and chemical composition of

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Arumugasamy, Prakash, and Dipanjan Mitra. "Evaluating the evidence of multipolar surface magnetic field in PSR J0108–1431." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 4 (2019): 4589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2299.

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ABSTRACT PSR J0108–1431 is an old pulsar where the X-ray emission is expected to have a thermal component from the polar cap and a non-thermal component from the magnetosphere. Although the phase-integrated spectra are fit best with a single non-thermal component modelled with a power law (PL) of photon index Γ = 2.9, the X-ray pulse profiles do show the presence of phase-separated thermal and non-thermal components. The spectrum extracted from half the rotational phase away from the X-ray peak fits well with either a single blackbody (BB) or a neutron star atmosphere (NA) model, whereas the s

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Kavanagh, R. D., A. A. Vidotto, D. Ó. Fionnagáin, et al. "MOVES – II. Tuning in to the radio environment of HD189733b." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 485, no. 4 (2019): 4529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz655.

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ABSTRACT We present stellar wind modelling of the hot Jupiter host HD189733, and predict radio emission from the stellar wind and the planet, the latter arising from the interaction of the stellar wind with the planetary magnetosphere. Our stellar wind models incorporate surface stellar magnetic field maps at the epochs 2013 June/July, 2014 September, and 2015 July as boundary conditions. We find that the mass-loss rate, angular momentum loss rate, and open magnetic flux of HD189733 vary by 9 per cent, 40 per cent, and 19 per cent over these three epochs. Solving the equations of radiative tra

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Bastian, T. S., W. D. Cotton, and G. Hallinan. "Radio Emission from UV Cet: Auroral Emission from a Stellar Magnetosphere." Astrophysical Journal 935, no. 2 (2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7d57.

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Abstract The archetypical flare star UV Cet was observed by MeerKAT on 2021 October 5–6. A large radio outburst with a duration of ∼2 hr was observed between 886 and 1682 MHz, with a time resolution of 8 s and a frequency resolution of 0.84 MHz, enabling sensitive dynamic spectra to be formed. The emission is characterized by three peaks containing a multitude of broadband arcs or partial arcs in the time-frequency domain. In general, the arcs are highly right-hand circularly polarized. At the end of the third peak, brief bursts occur that are significantly elliptically polarized. We present a

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Rodríguez-Ramírez, J. C., P. Kushwaha, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and R. Santos-Lima. "A hadronic emission model for black hole-disc impacts in the blazar OJ 287." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, no. 4 (2020): 5424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2664.

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ABSTRACT A supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary in the core of the blazar OJ 287 has been invoked in previous works to explain its observed optical flare quasi-periodicity. Following this picture, we investigate a hadronic origin for the X-ray and γ-ray counterparts of the November 2015 major optical flare of this source. An impact outflow must result after the lighter SMBH (the secondary) crosses the accretion disc of the heavier one (the primary). We then consider acceleration of cosmic ray (CR) protons in the shock driven by the impact outflow as it expands and collides with the active gal

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Pétri, J., and D. Mitra. "Joint radio and X-ray modelling of PSR J1136+1551." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 1 (2019): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2974.

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ABSTRACT Multiwavelength observations of pulsar emission properties are powerful means to constrain their magnetospheric activity and magnetic topology. Usually a star centred magnetic dipole model is invoked to explain the main characteristics of this radiation. However, in some particular pulsars where observational constraints exist, such simplified models are unable to predict salient features of their multiwavelength emission. This paper aims to carefully model the radio and X-ray emission of PSR J1136+1551 with an off-centred magnetic dipole to reconcile both wavelength measurements. We

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Pittard, J. M., G. E. Romero, and G. S. Vila. "Particle acceleration and non-thermal emission in colliding-wind binary systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 3 (2021): 4204–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1107.

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ABSTRACT We present a model for the creation of non-thermal particles via diffusive shock acceleration in a colliding-wind binary. Our model accounts for the oblique nature of the global shocks bounding the wind–wind collision region and the finite velocity of the scattering centres to the gas. It also includes magnetic field amplification by the cosmic ray induced streaming instability and the dynamical back reaction of the amplified field. We assume that the injection of the ions and electrons is independent of the shock obliquity and that the scattering centres move relative to the fluid at

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17

Krause, Martin G. H., and Martin J. Hardcastle. "Can the Local Bubble explain the radio background?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 2 (2021): 2807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab131.

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ABSTRACT The ARCADE 2 balloon bolometer along with a number of other instruments have detected what appears to be a radio synchrotron background at frequencies below about 3 GHz. Neither extragalactic radio sources nor diffuse Galactic emission can currently account for this finding. We use the locally measured cosmic ray electron population, demodulated for effects of the Solar wind, and other observational constraints combined with a turbulent magnetic field model to predict the radio synchrotron emission for the Local Bubble. We find that the spectral index of the modelled radio emission is

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18

Wang, L. J., M. Y. Ge, J. S. Wang, et al. "The braking index of PSR B0540−69 and the associated pulsar wind nebula emission after spin-down rate transition." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (2020): 1865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa884.

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ABSTRACT In 2011 December, PSR B054−69 experienced a spin-down rate transition (SRT), after which the spin-down power of the pulsar increased by $\sim 36{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. About 1000 d after the SRT, the X-ray luminosity of the associated pulsar wind nebula (PWN) was found to brighten by $32\pm 8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. After the SRT, the braking index n of PSR B0540−69 changes from n = 2.12 to 0.03 and then keeps this value for about five years before rising to n = 0.9 in the following years. We find that most of the current models have difficulties in explaining the measured braking index. O

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Pais, Matteo, and Christoph Pfrommer. "Simulating TeV gamma-ray morphologies of shell-type supernova remnants." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, no. 4 (2020): 5557–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2827.

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ABSTRACT Supernova remnant (SNR) shocks provide favourable sites of cosmic ray (CR) proton acceleration if the local magnetic field direction is quasi-parallel to the shock normal. Using the moving-mesh magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) code arepo we present a suite of SNR simulations with CR acceleration in the Sedov–Taylor phase that combine different magnetic field topologies, density distributions with gradients and large-scale fluctuations, and – for our core-collapse SNRs – a multiphase interstellar medium with dense clumps with a contrast of 104. Assuming the hadronic gamma-ray emission model

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Lam, Ka Ho, Che-Yu Chen, Zhi-Yun Li, et al. "The transition of polarized dust thermal emission from the protostellar envelope to the disc scale." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 1 (2021): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2105.

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ABSTRACT Polarized dust continuum emission has been observed with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in an increasing number of deeply embedded protostellar systems. It generally shows a sharp transition going from the protostellar envelope to the disc scale, with the polarization fraction typically dropping from ${\sim } 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ to ${\sim } 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and the inferred magnetic field orientations becoming more aligned with the major axis of the system. We quantitatively investigate these observational trends using a sample of protostars in the Perseus molecul

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Barrow, Kirk S. S. "Blue galaxies: modelling nebular He ii emission in high redshift galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 3 (2019): 4509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3290.

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ABSTRACT Using cosmological simulations to make useful, scientifically relevant emission line predictions is a relatively new and rapidly evolving field. However, nebular emission lines have been particularly challenging to model because they are extremely sensitive to the local photoionization balance, which can be driven by a spatially dispersed distribution of stars amidst an inhomogeneous absorbing medium of dust and gas. As such, several unmodelled mysteries in observed emission line patterns exist in the literature. For example, there is some question as to why He ii λ4686/H β ratios in

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Cook, R. H. W., N. Seymour, K. Spekkens, et al. "Searching for dark matter signals from local dwarf spheroidal galaxies at low radio frequencies in the GLEAM survey." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 1 (2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa726.

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ABSTRACT The search for emission from weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter annihilation and decay has become a multipronged area of research not only targeting a diverse selection of astrophysical objects, but also taking advantage of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. The decay of WIMP particles into standard model particles has been suggested as a possible channel for synchrotron emission to be detected at low radio frequencies. Here, we present the stacking analysis of a sample of 33 dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies with low-frequency (72–231 MHz) radio images from the G

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Walters, N., J. Farihi, T. R. Marsh, et al. "A test of the planet–star unipolar inductor for magnetic white dwarfs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 3 (2021): 3743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab617.

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ABSTRACT Despite thousands of spectroscopic detections, only four isolated white dwarfs exhibit Balmer emission lines. The temperature inversion mechanism is a puzzle over 30 years old that has defied conventional explanations. One hypothesis is a unipolar inductor that achieves surface heating via ohmic dissipation of a current loop between a conducting planet and a magnetic white dwarf. To investigate this model, new time-resolved spectroscopy, spectropolarimetry, and photometry of the prototype GD 356 are studied. The emission features vary in strength on the rotational period, but in antip

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Mohd Nazmi, Nor Atiq Syakila, Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah, Farook Adam, Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar, Noor Fatimah Yahaya, and Nurasmat Mohd Shukri. "Iron Oxide Catalyst for Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Diesel Fuel." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.418.

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— The catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Cat-ODS) process has been introduced as a new technology to achieve ultra-low sulphur levels in diesel fuels. In this study, the performance of the alumina supported iron oxide based catalysts doped with cobalt, synthesized via wet impregnation method on the Cat-ODS of the model diesel with the total sulphur 500ppm was investigated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidizing agent and N,N-dimethylformamide as an extraction solvent. A series of dopant was being screened. Co/Fe-Al2O3 (10:90) and Co/Fe-Al2O3 (20:80) prepared at 400°C. Overall,

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Saberi, M., W. H. T. Vlemmings, E. De Beck, R. Montez, and S. Ramstedt. "Detection of CI line emission towards the oxygen-rich AGB star omi Ceti." Astronomy & Astrophysics 612 (April 2018): L11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833080.

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We present the detection of neutral atomic carbon CI(3P1–3P0) line emission towards omi Cet. This is the first time that CI is detected in the envelope around an oxygen-rich M-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. We also confirm the previously tentative CI detection around V Hya, a carbon-rich AGB star. As one of the main photodissociation products of parent species in the circumstellar envelope (CSE) around evolved stars, CI can be used to trace sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in CSEs. The observed flux density towards omi Cet can be reproduced by a shell with a peak atomic fraction

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Berry, I. D., S. P. Owocki, M. E. Shultz, and A. ud-Doula. "Electron scattering emission in the light curves of stars with centrifugal magnetospheres." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 4 (2022): 4815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac322.

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ABSTRACT Strongly magnetic, rapidly rotating B-type stars with relatively weak winds form centrifugal magnetospheres (CMs), as the stellar wind becomes magnetically confined above the Kepler co-rotation radius. Approximating the magnetic field as a dipole tilted by an angle β with respect to the rotation axis, the CM plasma is concentrated in clouds at and above the Kepler radius along the intersection of the rotational and magnetic equatorial planes. Stellar rotation can bring such clouds in front of the stellar disc, leading to absorption of the order of 0.1 mag ($\sim 10 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}

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Rodríguez Montero, Francisco, Sergio Martin-Alvarez, Debora Sijacki, Adrianne Slyz, Julien Devriendt, and Yohan Dubois. "Momentum deposition of supernovae with cosmic rays." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 1 (2021): 1247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3716.

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ABSTRACT The cataclysmic explosions of massive stars as supernovae are one of the key ingredients of galaxy formation. However, their evolution is not well understood in the presence of magnetic fields or cosmic rays (CRs). We study the expansion of individual supernova remnants (SNRs) using our suite of 3D hydrodynamical (HD), magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) and CRMHD simulations generated using ramses. We explore multiple ambient densities, magnetic fields, and fractions of supernova energy deposited as CRs (χCR), accounting for CR anisotropic diffusion and streaming. All our runs have comparabl

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Birenbaum, Gal, and Omer Bromberg. "Modelling the linear polarization of GRB afterglows across the electromagnetic spectrum." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506, no. 3 (2021): 4275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1936.

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ABSTRACT Linear polarization measurements in the optical band show polarization degrees of a few per cent at late times. Recently, polarization at sub-per-cent level was also detected in radio by ALMA, opening the window for multiwavelength polarimetry and stressing the importance of properly modelling polarization in GRB afterglows across the EM spectrum. We introduce a numerical tool that can calculate the polarization from relativistically moving surfaces by discretizing them to small patches of uniform magnetic field, calculating the polarized emission from each cell assuming synchrotron r

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Gullberg, B., Ian Smail, A. M. Swinbank, et al. "An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: high-resolution dust continuum morphologies and the link between sub-millimetre galaxies and spheroid formation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 4 (2019): 4956–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2835.

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ABSTRACT We present an analysis of the morphology and profiles of the dust continuum emission in 153 bright sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) detected with ALMA at signal-to-noise ratios of >8 in high-resolution 0.18 arcsec (∼1 kpc) 870 $\mu$m maps. We measure sizes, shapes, and light profiles for the rest-frame far-infrared emission from these luminous star-forming systems and derive a median effective radius (Re) of 0.10 ± 0.04 arcsec for our sample with a median flux of S870 = 5.6 ± 0.2 mJy. We find that the apparent axial ratio (b/a) distribution of the SMGs peaks at b/a ∼ 0.63 ± 0.02 and

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Simpson, J. M., Ian Smail, U. Dudzevičiūtė, et al. "An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2–COSMOS field." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 3 (2020): 3409–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1345.

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ABSTRACT We present an ALMA study of the ∼180 brightest sources in the SCUBA-2 850-μm map of the COSMOS field from the S2COSMOS survey, as a pilot study for AS2COSMOS – a full survey of the ∼1000 sources in this field. In this pilot study, we have obtained 870-μm continuum maps of an essentially complete sample of the brightest 182 sub-millimetre sources ($S_{850\, \mu \rm m}\gt $ 6.2 mJy) in COSMOS. Our ALMA maps detect 260 sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) spanning a range in flux density of $S_{870\, \mu \rm m}$ = 0.7–19.2 mJy. We detect more than one SMG counterpart in 34 ± 2 per cent of sub-

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Inoue, Shigeki, Naoki Yoshida, and Hidenobu Yajima. "The CO universe: modelling CO emission and H2 abundance in cosmological galaxy formation simulations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, no. 4 (2020): 5960–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2744.

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ABSTRACT We devise a physical model of formation and distribution of molecular gas clouds (MGCs) in galaxies. We use the model to predict the intensities of rotational transition lines of carbon monoxide (CO) and the molecular hydrogen (H2) abundance. Using the outputs of IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations, we populate MGCs of unresolved sizes in individual simulated galaxies, where the effect of the interstellar radiation field with dust attenuation is also taken into account. We then use the publicly available code despotic (Derive the Energetics and SPectra of Optically Thick Interstella

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He, Hao, Chao Yuan, Er Jun Liang, and Shun Fang Li. "Field Emission of Gallium-Doped Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.61.

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Field emission property of Ga-doped carbon nanotube (CNT) film has been studied and compared with those of un-doped, N-doped as well as B and N co-doped CNT films. It is found that the Ga-doped CNT film exhibits superior field emission property to the other films. The turn-on field for Ga-doped CNT film is well below 1.0 V/μm, lower than those for un-doped (2.22 V/μm), N-doped (1.1 V/μm), B and N co-doped (4.4 V/μm) CNT films. Its current density reaches 5000 μA/cm2at 2.6 V/μm which is well above those for un-doped (1400 μA/cm2), N-doped (3000 μA/cm2) as well as B and N co-doped (2) CNT films

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Raichoor, Anand, Arnaud de Mattia, Ashley J. Ross, et al. "The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: large-scale structure catalogues and measurement of the isotropic BAO between redshift 0.6 and 1.1 for the Emission Line Galaxy Sample." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 3 (2020): 3254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3336.

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ABSTRACT We present the Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) sample of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Data Release 16. We describe the observations and redshift measurement for the 269 243 observed ELG spectra, and then present the large-scale structure catalogues, used for the cosmological analysis, and made of 173 736 reliable spectroscopic redshifts between 0.6 and 1.1. We perform a spherically averaged baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurement in configuration space, with density field reconstruction: the data two-point correlation func

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Wang, M. S., Jan Yong Wang, C. H. Jin, Qing Chen, and Lian Mao Peng. "Observations of Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Failure in the Transmission Electron Microscope." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 4071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.4071.

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The failure of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during electron field emission was investigated in situ inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Long time emission of a single CNT at the level of tens µA or higher may lead to unrecoverable damage to the CNT. High-resolution TEM observations of the emission failure process shown that the failure was usually companied by structure damage or break of the CNT, and the failure or degradation of the emission characteristics of the CNT was typically initiated at the CNT/substrate contact, defect site or at the open end via the f

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Sisk-Reynés, Júlia, James H. Matthews, Christopher S. Reynolds, Helen R. Russell, Robyn N. Smith, and M. C. David Marsh. "New constraints on light axion-like particles using Chandra transmission grating spectroscopy of the powerful cluster-hosted quasar H1821+643." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 1 (2021): 1264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3464.

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ABSTRACT Axion-like particles (ALPs) are predicted by several Beyond the Standard Model theories, in particular, string theory. In the presence of an external magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of propagation, ALPs can couple to photons. Therefore, if an X-ray source is viewed through a magnetized plasma, such as a luminous quasar in a galaxy cluster, we may expect spectral distortions that are well described by photon–ALP oscillations. We present a 571 ks combined high- and low-energy transmission grating Chandra observation of the powerful radio-quiet quasar H1821+643, hosted by a

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Fairchild, Steven B., Chelsea E. Amanatides, Thiago A. de Assis, et al. "Field emission cathodes made from knitted carbon nanotube fiber fabrics." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 9 (2023): 094302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123120.

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Field electron emission cathodes were constructed from knitted fabrics comprised entirely of carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers. The fabrics consisted of a top layer array of ∼2 mm high looped structures and a bottom layer that was 1 mm thick with a flat underlying surface. Field emission (FE) experiments were performed on 25.4 mm diameter CNT fabric cathodes in both direct current (DC) and pulsed voltage (PV) modes, and the results were compared to those obtained from a CNT film cathode. The DC measurements were performed at a maximum voltage of 1.5 kV. The CNT fabric cathode emitted 20 mA, which w

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Guhan, V., V. Geethalakshmi, R. Jagannathan, S. Panneerselvam, and K. Bhuvaneswari. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN PONNANIYAR BASIN OF TAMIL NADU BASED ON REGCM 4.4 SIMULATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W6 (July 26, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-21-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Climate change induced extreme weather events such as drought and flood condition are likely to become more common and associated impacts on crop production will be more without proper irrigation planning. The present investigation was undertaken for assessing the impact of Climate change on tomato yield and water use efficiency (WUE) using AquaCrop model and RegCM 4.4 simulations. The water driven AquaCrop model was validated based on observation of field experiment conducted with four different dates of sowing (1st November, 15th November, 1st

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Lim, Yu Dian, Liangxing Hu, Xin Xia, et al. "Field emission properties of SiO2-wrapped CNT field emitter." Nanotechnology 29, no. 1 (2017): 015202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa96ed.

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Li, Hui, Xiao Gang Zhou, Chao Yuan, and Gen Sheng Dou. "Experimental Preparation and Properties of Modified CNT Field Emitters for the Field Emission Display Panel." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1327.

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Carbon nanotube used as the cathode material, the diode-type field emission display panel was developed with low-cost screen-printing method and precise photolithography process. The modified CNT field emitter was fabricated for improving the field emission characteristic, and the detailed fabrication process was also presented. The indium-tin-oxide film on the cathode back-plane was divided to form the CNT cathode electrode, and the insulation slurry was screen-printed to form the insulation layer. Field emission characteristic of whole display device was measured. The sealed field emission d

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Wu, Chao, and Xiao Feng Jin. "Optimization Design and Fabrication of Annular Field Emitter for Field Emission Display Panel." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 1520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1520.

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With high-effective screen-printing technique, the diode field emission display (FED) panel with carbon nanotube (CNT) as cathode material was fabricated. For improving the field emission properties, the annular field emitter was developed. The bar cathode indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was formed by the divided ITO film with the photolithography process. After the sintering process, the printed silver slurry was solidified to form the rectangular ring electrode. The prepared CNT paste was printed to form the cold cathode emitter. Field emission characteristics of sealed FED panel were measu

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Liao, Qin Liang, Yue Zhang, Yun Hua Huang, Jun Jie Qi, and Zheng Zhang. "Investigation on the Plasma-Induced Electron Emission Properties of ZnO Nanorod and Carbon Nanotube Arrays." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1150.

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The plasma-induced emission properties of ZnO nanorod and carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays were investigated under the pulse electric field. The formation of plasma on the array surface was found and high intensity electron beams were obtained from the two kinds of arrays. The plasma-induced emission properties of the ZnO nanorod and CNT arrays have big differences. Under the same electric field, the CNT arrays have higher emission current than the ZnO nanorod arrays. With the emission currents changing, the electron emissions of the ZnO nanorod arrays always are very uniform; but that of the CNT

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Al-Rabadi, Anas, and Marwan Mousa. "Field emission - based many-valued processing using carbon nanotube controlled switches - Part 2: Architecture effectuation." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 25, no. 1 (2012): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1201015a.

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A novel field emission Carbon Nanotube (CNT) - based controlled switch is introduced in the second part of the article. For the architecture effectuation of the new CNT field emission - based switching device, four field emission tubes having single CNT as emitters were previously tested and compared to a tungsten-tip tube, and the corresponding Fowler-Nordheim analysis was performed. Measurements conducted with the CNT suggested that mixer current could be 30 times greater if either SWCNT or MWCNT were used in place of metal emitters, increasing the microwave output power by 30 dB. Laser radi

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Wu, Chao, Wen Sheng Xing, and Yu Kui Li. "Field Emission Characteristics of FED with Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters Using Improved Cathode Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1315.

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Silver slurry was used as conducting material, and the improved silver cathode electrode was fabricated. The CNT paste formed as field emitters was screen-printed on the surface of silver cathode electrode. The diode FED panel with CNT field emitters was sealed, and the fabrication of cathode substrate and anode substrate was described. The screen-printing technology and the sintering process were employed in the course of device fabrication for the silver cathode electrode. The field emission current was measured and the emission image was presented. The packaged FED showed good field emissio

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Alberts, Stacey, Kyoung-Soo Lee, Alexandra Pope, et al. "Measuring the total infrared light from galaxy clusters at z = 0.5–1.6: connecting stellar populations to dusty star formation." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 2 (2020): 1970–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3357.

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ABSTRACT Massive galaxy clusters undergo strong evolution from z ∼ 1.6 to z ∼ 0.5, with overdense environments at high-z characterized by abundant dust-obscured star formation and stellar mass growth which rapidly give way to widespread quenching. Data spanning the near- to far-infrared (IR) can directly trace this transformation; however, such studies have largely been limited to the massive galaxy end of cluster populations. In this work, we present ‘total light’ stacking techniques spanning $3.4\!-\!500\, \mu$m aimed at revealing the total cluster emission, including low-mass members and po

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Mirakhor, M. S., S. A. Walker, J. Bagchi, et al. "Exploring the hot gaseous halo around an extremely massive and relativistic jet launching spiral galaxy with XMM−Newton." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 2 (2020): 2503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3404.

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ABSTRACT We present a deep XMM−Newton observation of the extremely massive, rapidly rotating, relativistic-jet-launching spiral galaxy 2MASX J23453268−0449256. Diffuse X-ray emission from the hot gaseous halo around the galaxy is robustly detected out to a radius of 160 kpc, corresponding roughly to 35 per cent of the virial radius (≈450 kpc). We fit the X-ray emission with the standard isothermal β model, and it is found that the enclosed gas mass within 160 kpc is $1.15_{-0.24}^{+0.22} \times 10^{11} \, \rm {M}_{\odot }$. Extrapolating the gas mass profile out to the virial radius, the estim

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Hoag, A., T. Treu, L. Pentericci, et al. "Constraining Lyman-alpha spatial offsets at 3 < z < 5.5 from VANDELS slit spectroscopy." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 1 (2019): 706–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1768.

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Abstract We constrain the distribution of spatially offset Lyman-alpha emission (Ly α) relative to rest-frame ultraviolet emission in ∼300 high redshift (3 &lt; z &lt; 5.5) Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) exhibiting Ly α emission from VANDELS, a VLT/VIMOS slit-spectroscopic survey of the CANDELS Ultra Deep Survey and Chandra Deep Field South fields (≃0.2 deg2 total). Because slit spectroscopy only provides one spatial dimension, we use Bayesian inference to recover the underlying two-dimensional Ly α spatial offset distribution. We model the distribution using a two-dimensional circular Ga

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Danilenko, A., A. Karpova, D. Ofengeim, Yu Shibanov, and D. Zyuzin. "XMM–Newton observations of a gamma-ray pulsar J0633+0632: pulsations, cooling and large-scale emission." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 2 (2020): 1874–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa287.

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ABSTRACT We report results of XMM–Newton observations of a γ-ray pulsar J0633+0632 and its wind nebula. We reveal, for the first time, pulsations of the pulsar X-ray emission with a single sinusoidal pulse profile and a pulsed fraction of 23 ± 6 per cent in the 0.3–2 keV band. We confirm previous Chandra findings that the pulsar X-ray spectrum consists of thermal and non-thermal components. However, we do not find the absorption feature that was previously detected at about 0.8 keV. Thanks to the greater sensitivity of XMM–Newton, we get stronger constraints on spectral model parameters compar

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Smith, M. D., and P. W. J. L. Brand. "H2 profiles of C-type bow shocks." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 245, no. 1 (1990): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/245.1.108.

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Summary We present emission-line profiles of molecular hydrogen from curved C-shocks within molecular clouds. Shock configurations arising from the supersonic motion of jets and bullets within a dense cloud are chosen. Bow shock speeds in the range vw = 40-200 km s-1 are investigated. Breakdown through dissociation and selfionization restricts the C-shock section to the bow tail. We find that profiles ire essentially single-peaked and narrow with full widths (at 10 per cent maximum intensity, deconvolved) of up to about 50,40 and 30 km s-1 for cones, hemispherical caps and paraboloids, respect

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Liu, Xingzhen, Weijin Qian, Yawei Chen, et al. "Construction of CNT-MgO-Ag-BaO Nanocomposite with Enhanced Field Emission and Hydrogen Sensing Performances." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (2023): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050885.

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CNTs and CNT-MgO, CNT-MgO-Ag, and CNT-MgO-Ag-BaO nanocomposites were grown on alloy substrates using an electrophoretic deposition method and their field emission (FE) and hydrogen sensing performances were investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, and XPS characterizations. The CNT-MgO-Ag-BaO nanocomposites showed the best FE performance with turn-on and threshold fields of 3.32 and 5.92 V.μm−1, respectively. The enhanced FE performances are mainly attributed to the reductions of the work function, and the enhancement of the thermal conductivity and emissi

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Wei, Xianqi, Xiaoli Wang, Xin Li, and Weihua Liu. "Electronic Pulses from Pulsed Field Emission of CNT Cathodes." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4396430.

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We presented a demonstration of infrared laser irradiated field emission electronic pulse based on carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes. Electronic pulses greatly depended on pulsed infrared laser and were almost synchronous with laser pulses. We have designed a pulsed field emission cathode based on CNTs and investigated correlation between electronic pulse and laser pulse, acquiring the shortest width of electronic pulses about 50 ms and turn-on field less than 0.14 V/μm. Besides, we have studied the thermal effect on the pulsed field emission of CNT cathodes caused by laser heating. Interestingly

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