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Academic literature on the topic 'CMTKG'
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Journal articles on the topic "CMTKG"
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Meena, Jagram, Harish Chandra, and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum /ZnO- Biocomposite: As an Antifungal and Hazardous Metal Removal Agent." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 25, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v25i3.a08.
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ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were in situ mixed with carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum to generate the new biocomposite. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS)were used to characterize the CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites. Numerous characterizations were utilized to prove that ZnO NPs had been integrated into the biopolymer matrix. The standard size of the CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites was developed to be greater than 32–40 nm using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray analysis de-Scherer methods. Chromium (VI) was removed from the aqueous solution using the nanocomposite (CMTKG/ZnO) as an adsorbent. The nanocomposite reached its maximum adsorption during 80 minutes of contact time, 30 mg/L chromium (VI) concentration, 2.0 g/L adsorbent part, and 7.0 pH. Further research into the antifungal activity of CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites against Aspergillus flavus MTCC-2799 was conducted.
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Meena, Jagram, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Devendra Kumar Verma. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum Nanoparticles; As an Antioxidant Activity." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 26, no. 3 (August 25, 2023): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v26i3.a01.
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The incorporation of biopolymer nanoparticles with potential antioxidant properties into biomaterials for human health care is significant. The current study focuses on nanoparticles carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) composite materials because of their potential applications. The co-precipitation method was used to create carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum nanoparticles (CMTKG-NPs). This technique was used for the first time to create carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum nanoparticles. The strength of nanoparticle conformation is reported to be influenced by co-precipitation and stirring time. Nanoparticles were characterised using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Suspense particle sizes have been determined to be in the 40-60 nm range. It was concluded that similar nanoparticles could be used in antioxidant activities.
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Goleyjani Moghadam, Masoumeh, Zohreh Elahi, Mohamad Soveyzi, Sanaz Arzhangi, Shahriar Nafissi, Hossein Najmabadi, Kimia Kahrizi, and Zohreh Fattahi. "Expanding the Molecular Spectrum of HK1-Related Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4G; the First Report in Iran." Archives of Iranian Medicine 26, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2023.43.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4G (CMT4G) was first reported in Balkan Gypsies as a myelinopathy starting with progressive distal lower limb weakness, followed by upper limb involvement and prominent distal sensory impairment later in the patient’s life. So far, CMT4G has been only reported in European Roma communities with two founder homozygous variants; g.9712G>C and g.11027G>A, located in the 5’-UTR of the HK1 gene. Here, we present the first Iranian CMT4G patient manifesting progressive distal lower limb weakness from 11 years of age and diagnosed with chronic demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Whole-exome sequencing for this patient revealed a homozygous c.19C>T (p. Arg7*) variant in the HK1 gene. This report expands the mutational spectrum of the HK1-related CMT disorder and provides supporting evidence for the observation of CMT4G outside the Roma population. Interestingly, the same Arg7* variant is recently observed in another unrelated Pakistani CMT patient, proposing a possible prevalence of this variant in the Middle Eastern populations.
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Lhadon, Pema, Sonam Daker, Kesang Wangmo, and Kelzang. "Benefits of Communicative Method of Teaching Grammar in a Bhutanese Higher Secondary School: A Qualitative Study." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 43, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2023/v43i1932.
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The effective method to teach grammar to students has been a point of disputation between advocates for language acquisition and linguistics. The study investigated the benefits of the Communicative Method of Teaching Grammar (CMTG) in a Higher Secondary School under Thimphu Thromde. The study was based on the constructivist paradigm and adopted a qualitative case study research design. The study involved twelve students and three English teachers selected purposefully from a Higher Secondary School in Thimphu. The data was collected through one-on-one interviews, Focus group discussions (FGDs), and lesson observations. The data collected was analysed employing the thematic analysis procedure of Creswell & Creswell [1]. The findings revealed the benefits of CMTG. The results showed that the benefits of CMTG included enhancing speaking abilities, fostering creativity, comprehensible input, and the ability for effective communication. This study recommends that English teachers pursue professional development in the Communicative Method of Teaching Grammar (CMTG) and maintain an average class size of 20 to 25 students. This study also suggests providing classrooms with a sufficient variety of technologically advanced instruments. The CMTG should be used to teach grammar to students, and relevant stakeholders in education should provide policy recommendations on how to train in-service and pre-service teachers on its use. The benefits of CMTG could be thoroughly investigated in future studies utilizing a quasi-experimental design.
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Scott, Brian, Andrew H. Baldwin, and Stephanie A. Yarwood. "Quantification of potential methane emissions associated with organic matter amendments following oxic-soil inundation." Biogeosciences 19, no. 4 (February 23, 2022): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1151-2022.
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Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions are a potent contributor to global warming, and wetlands can be a significant CH4 source. In a microcosm study, we evaluated how the practice of amending soils with organic matter as part of wetland restoration projects may affect CH4 production potential. Organic amendments including hay, manure, biosolids, composted yard waste, and wood mulch were evaluated at three different levels. Using 1 L glass microcosms, we measured the production of biogenic gases over 60 d in two soils designated by texture: a sandy loam (SL) and a sandy clay loam (SCL). Fresh organic amendments increased CH4 production, leading to potentially higher global warming potential and wetland C loss, and CH4 production was more pronounced in SL. We observed biogenic gas production in two sequential steady-state phases: Phase 1 produced some CH4 but was mostly carbon dioxide (CO2), followed by Phase 2, 2 to 6 weeks later, with higher total gas and nearly equal amounts of CH4 and CO2. If this is generally true in soils, it may be appropriate to report CH4 emissions in the context of inundation duration. The CH4 from the SCL soil ranged from 0.003–0.8 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 1 to 0.75–28 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 2 and from SL range from 0.03–16 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 1 to 1.8–64 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 2. Adding fresh organic matter (e.g., hay) increased concentrations of ferrous iron (Fe2+), whereas in some cases composted organic matter decreased both Fe2+ concentrations and CH4 production. Methanogenesis normally increases following the depletion of reducible Fe; however, we observed instances where this was not the case, suggesting other biogeochemical mechanisms contributed to the shift in gas production.
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Sips, Patrick Y., Tomoya Irie, Lin Zou, Shohei Shinozaki, Michihiro Sakai, Nobuyuki Shimizu, Rebecca Nguyen, et al. "Reduction of cardiomyocyte S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects against sepsis-induced myocardial depression." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 304, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): H1134—H1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00887.2012.
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Myocardial depression is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in septic patients. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the development of septic cardiomyopathy, but also has protective effects. Recent evidence has indicated that NO exerts many of its downstream effects on the cardiovascular system via protein S-nitrosylation, which is negatively regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), an enzyme promoting denitrosylation. We tested the hypothesis that reducing cardiomyocyte S-nitrosylation by increasing GSNOR activity can improve myocardial dysfunction during sepsis. Therefore, we generated mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GSNOR (GSNOR-CMTg mice) and subjected them to endotoxic shock. Measurements of cardiac function in vivo and ex vivo showed that GSNOR-CMTg mice had a significantly improved cardiac function after lipopolysaccharide challenge (LPS, 50 mg/kg) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Cardiomyocytes isolated from septic GSNOR-CMTg mice showed a corresponding improvement in contractility compared with WT cells. However, systolic Ca2+ release was similarly depressed in both genotypes after LPS, indicating that GSNOR-CMTg cardiomyocytes have increased Ca2+ sensitivity during sepsis. Parameters of inflammation were equally increased in LPS-treated hearts of both genotypes, and no compensatory changes in NO synthase expression levels were found in GSNOR-overexpressing hearts before or after LPS challenge. GSNOR overexpression however significantly reduced total cardiac protein S-nitrosylation during sepsis. Taken together, our results indicate that increasing the denitrosylation capacity of cardiomyocytes protects against sepsis-induced myocardial depression. Our findings suggest that specifically reducing protein S-nitrosylation during sepsis improves cardiac function by increasing cardiac myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+.
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Bachra, Yahya, Ayoub Grouli, Fouad Damiri, Mohammed Talbi, and Mohammed Berrada. "A Novel Superabsorbent Polymer from Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Tragacanth Gum with Glutaraldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties." International Journal of Biomaterials 2021 (November 20, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5008833.
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Nowadays, current global environmental problems include measures to eliminate or reduce the negative impact of chemicals from petroleum sources and, therefore, the use of materials from natural resources is increasingly recommended. In this context, natural-based superabsorbent polymers derived from polypeptides and polysaccharides have undergone chemical and biochemical modifications to improve their ability to absorb and retain large amounts of liquids. In the present paper, a new process has been used to overcome the side effects of radical polymerization in the manufacture of conventional polyacrylate superabsorbents (SAPs). Tragacanth gum (TG) was selected to prepare a new superabsorbent material (CMTG-GA) based on carboxymethyl tragacanth (CMTG) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). The characterization of the polymer was carried out by FTIR, TGA, XRD, and SEM. The effect of the amount of crosslinking agent and the pH on the water absorption capacity was also examined. Subsequently, swelling studies were performed using free swelling capacity (FSC) and centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) techniques in distilled water, tap water, and saline solution. The results showed that the CRC of the new material is not less than 42.1 g/g, which was observed for a ratio of 20% by weight of GA to CMTG. Likewise, the maximum absorption results were 43.9 and 32.14 g/g, respectively, for FSC and CRC at pH 8.0. In addition, a comparison of the swelling capacities of the synthesized product with a commercial SAP extracted from a baby diaper, well known in the Moroccan market, showed that the performances were very similar.
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Baga, Margherita, Susanna Rizzi, Carlotta Spagnoli, Daniele Frattini, Francesco Pisani, and Carlo Fusco. "A Novel Family with Demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Caused by a Mutation in the PMP2 Gene: A Case Series of Nine Patients and a Brief Review of the Literature." Children 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2023): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10050901.
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Introduction: Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies characterized by wide genotypic and phenotypic variability. The onset is typically in childhood, and the most frequent clinical manifestations are predominantly distal muscle weakness, hypoesthesia, foot deformity (pes cavus) and areflexia. In the long term, complications such as muscle-tendon retractions, extremity deformities, muscle atrophy and pain may occur. Among CMT1, demyelinating and autosomal dominant forms, CMT1G is determined by mutations in the PMP2 myelin protein. Results: Starting from the index case, we performed a clinical, electrophysiological, neuroradiological and genetic evaluation of all family members for three generations; we identified p.Ile50del in PMP2 in all the nine affected members. They presented a typical clinical phenotype, with childhood-onset variable severity between generations and a chronic demyelinating sensory-motor polyneuropathy on the electrophysiologic examination; the progression was slow to very slow and predominant in the lower limbs. Our study reports a relatively large sample of patients, members of the same family, with CMT1G by PMP2, which is a rare form of demyelinating CMT, highlighting the genetic variability of the CMT family instead of the overlapping clinical phenotypes within demyelinating forms. To date, only supportive and preventive measures for the most severe complications are available; therefore, we believe that early diagnosis (clinical, electrophysiological and genetic) allows access to specialist follow-up and therapies, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.
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Maina, John N., and Christopher Nathaniel. "A qualitative and quantitative study of the lung of an ostrich,Struthio camelus." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 13 (July 1, 2001): 2313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.13.2313.
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SUMMARYThe ostrich lung, with its lack of interparabronchial septa, the presence of very shallow atria and exceptional morphometric refinement, structurally resembles those of small, energetic flying birds, whereas it also displays features characteristic of the flightless ratites in which the neopulmo is relatively poorly developed and a segmentum accelerans may be generally lacking. The large size of the bronchial system of the ostrich may help explain the unique shifts in the airflow pathways that must occur from resting to panting breathing, explaining its insensitivity to acid–base imbalance of the blood during sustained panting under thermal stress. The mass-specific volume of the lung is 39.1 cm3kg−1 and the volume density of the exchange tissue is remarkably high (78.31%). The blood–gas (tissue) barrier is relatively thick (0.56μm) but the plasma layer is very thin (0.14μm). In this flightless ratite bird, the mass-specific surface area of the tissue barrier (30.1 cm2g−1), the mass-specific anatomical diffusing capacity of the tissue barrier for oxygen (0.0022mlO2s−1Pa−1kg−1), the mass-specific volume of pulmonary capillary blood (6.25 cm3kg−1) and the mass-specific total anatomical diffusing capacity for oxygen (0.00073mlO2s−1Pa−1kg−1) are equivalent to or exceed those of much smaller highly aerobic volant birds. The distinctive morphological and morphometric features that seem to occur in the ostrich lung may explain how it achieves and maintains high aerobic capacities and endures long thermal panting without experiencing respiratory alkalosis.
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de Santi, Fabiane, Flávia L. Beltrame, Barry T. Hinton, Paulo S. Cerri, and Estela Sasso-Cerri. "Reduced levels of stromal sex hormone-binding globulin and androgen receptor dysfunction in the sperm storage region of the rat epididymis." Reproduction 155, no. 6 (June 2018): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0014.
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The cauda epididymidis is the major sperm storage region whose androgenic supply, essential for the sperm viability, is provided by the vasculature and is dependent upon testosterone diffusion through the stromal tissue to reach the epithelial cells. We have focused our efforts on examining the regulation of this important epididymal region by evaluating the impact of the androgen disrupter cimetidine on the epithelial–stromal androgenic microenvironment. Male rats received 100 mg/kg cimetidine (CMTG) or saline (CG) for 50 days, serum testosterone levels were measured and the epididymal cauda region was processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. In the proximal cauda region, the duct diameter was measured and birefringent collagen in the stroma was quantified. TUNEL-labeled epithelial cells were quantified, and androgen receptor (AR), karyopherin alpha (KPNA) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. CMTG showed reduced duct diameter and high number of apoptotic epithelial cells. In the epithelium, the total AR concentration and the KPNA immunoreactivity were reduced, and a weak/absent AR nuclear immunofluorescence was observed in contrast to the enhanced AR immunolabeling observed in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. A significant reduction of collagen and SHBG levels in the stroma was also observed. Cimetidine treatment impairs AR nuclear import in the epithelium, causing androgenic dysfunction and subsequent epithelial cell apoptosis and duct atrophy. The connective tissue atrophy and reduction of SHBG stromal levels associated with epithelial androgenic dysfunction indicate a possible role of stromal SHBG in the androgenic supply of the sperm storage region of the epididymis.
Book chapters on the topic "CMTKG"
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Pahuja, Sanuj, Rohit Prasad, Utkarsh Diwakar, and Anil Kumar. "Synthesis of CMTKG Acrylamide-Urea Hydrogel and Its Application as a Fertilizer Delivery System." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220746.
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Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient which is required for growth of plants. The most common way of providing nitrogen to the plants is through urea fertilizers. With the increasing demand for crops, the usage and demand of urea as a fertilizer has also been increasing. A lot of nitrogen that is supplied in form of fertilizers actually gets wasted. Almost 40–70 % nitrogen supplied through urea is not utilized by plants, generating environmental problems like eutrophication, therefore there is a need of developing a fertilizer that will stop this wastage. The aim of this study was to use natural products like CMTKG for preparing crosslinked Urea hydrogel which can be used as a fertilizer releasing agent. This work reports the synthesis of hydrogel using Carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) with Acrylamide (AAm), a solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), and Methacrylic acid (MA). The initiator used for this synthesis was Potassium persulfate (KPS), crosslinker was N, N-methylenebis (acrylamide) (MBA). The hydrogel synthesis was confirmed by characterization with swelling tests in a different pH solutions including pH 4, pH 7, pH 9, and distilled water. After the swelling studies of the hydrogel swelling index and swelling equilibrium were determined. The prepared hydrogel showed degradable properties in the soil burial test.