Academic literature on the topic 'CMMC'
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Journal articles on the topic "CMMC"
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Dickson, Eamonn J., Dante J. Heredia, and Terence K. Smith. "Critical role of 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptor subtypes in the initiation, generation, and propagation of the murine colonic migrating motor complex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 1 (July 2010): G144—G157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00496.2009.
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The colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) is necessary for fecal pellet propulsion in the murine colon. We have previously shown that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released from enterochromaffin cells activates 5-HT3 receptors on the mucosal processes of myenteric Dogiel type II neurons to initiate the events underlying the CMMC. Our aims were to further investigate the roles of 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptor subtypes in generating and propagating the CMMC using intracellular microelectrodes or tension recordings from the circular muscle (CM) in preparations with and without the mucosa. Spontaneous CMMCs were recorded from the CM in isolated murine colons but not in preparations without the mucosa. In mucosaless preparations, ondansetron (3 μM; 5-HT3 antagonist) plus hexamethonium (100 μM) completely blocked spontaneous inhibitory junction potentials, depolarized the CM. Ondansetron blocked the preceding hyperpolarization associated with a CMMC. Spontaneous CMMCs and CMMCs evoked by spritzing 5-HT (10 and 100 μM) or nerve stimulation in preparations without the mucosa were blocked by SB 258719 or SB 269970 (1–5 μM; 5-HT7 antagonists). Both NAN-190 and (S)-WAY100135 (1–5 μM; 5-HT1A antagonists) blocked spontaneous CMMCs and neurally evoked CMMCs in preparations without the mucosa. Both NAN-190 and (S)-WAY100135 caused an atropine-sensitive depolarization of the CM. The precursor of 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (10 μM), and 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) (5 μM; 5-HT1/5/7 agonist) increased the frequency of spontaneous CMMCs. 5-HTP and 5-CT also induced CMMCs in preparations with and without the mucosa, which were blocked by SB 258719. 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptors, most likely on Dogiel Type II/AH neurons, are important in initiating, generating, and propagating the CMMC. Tonic inhibition of the CM appears to be driven by ongoing activity in descending serotonergic interneurons; by activating 5-HT7 receptors on AH neurons these interneurons also contribute to the generation of the CMMC.
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Dickson, Eamonn J., Dante J. Heredia, Conor J. McCann, Grant W. Hennig, and Terence K. Smith. "The mechanisms underlying the generation of the colonic migrating motor complex in both wild-type and nNOS knockout mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 298, no. 2 (February 2010): G222—G232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00399.2009.
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Colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) propel fecal contents and are altered in diseased states, including slow-transit constipation. However, the mechanisms underlying the CMMCs are controversial because it has been proposed that disinhibition (turning off of inhibitory neurotransmission) or excitatory nerve activity generate the CMMC. Therefore, our aims were to reexamine the mechanisms underlying the CMMC in the colon of wild-type and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)−/− mice. CMMCs were recorded from the isolated murine large bowel using intracellular recordings of electrical activity from circular muscle (CM) combined with tension recording. Spontaneous CMMCs occurred in both wild-type (frequency: 0.3 cycles/min) and nNOS−/− mice (frequency: 0.4 cycles/min). CMMCs consisted of a hyperpolarization, followed by fast oscillations (slow waves) with action potentials superimposed on a slow depolarization (wild-type: 14.0 ± 0.6 mV; nNOS−/−: 11.2 ± 1.5 mV). Both atropine (1 μM) and MEN 10,376 [neurokinin 2 (NK2) antagonist; 0.5 μM] added successively reduced the slow depolarization and the number of action potentials but did not abolish the fast oscillations. The further addition of RP 67580 (NK1 antagonist; 0.5 μM) blocked the fast oscillations and the CMMC. Importantly, none of the antagonists affected the resting membrane potential, suggesting that ongoing tonic inhibition of the CM was maintained. Fecal pellet propulsion, which was blocked by the NK2 or the NK1 antagonist, was slower down the longer, more constricted nNOS−/− mouse colon (wild-type: 47.9 ± 2.4 mm; nNOS−/−: 57.8 ± 1.4 mm). These observations suggest that excitatory neurotransmission enhances pacemaker activity during the CMMC. Therefore, the CMMC is likely generated by a synergistic interaction between neural and interstitial cells of Cajal networks.
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Gross, Steven, Brad Foulk, Jaymala Patel, Mark Connelly, and Marielena Mata. "Automated Enumeration and Characterization of Circulating Multiple Myeloma Cells in Blood." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1825.1825.
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Abstract Abstract 1825 Detection of circulating Multiple Myeloma cells (CMMC) by flow cytometry is an indicator of active disease. In addition, circulating plasma cells can be detected in earlier stages of disease, including MGUS and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma, and appear to correlate with prognosis. The capture and characterization of these circulating plasma cells from peripheral blood may provide novel biomarkers for the management of Multiple Myeloma patients, particularly in monitoring minimal residual disease and in progression from MGUS or Smoldering Multiple Myeloma to active disease. The enumeration and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with metastatic breast, prostate or colorectal cancer using the CellSearch® technology, has been shown to provide clinically relevant prognostic and predictive information. Here we describe the development of an automated assay for detecting circulating normal plasma cells (CPC) and multiple myeloma cells (CMMC) in blood using CellSearch. Assay results from Multiple Myeloma, MGUS patients, and from an aged matched control population are presented. The CellTracks® AutoPrep® System and CellTracks Analyzer II® systems were used to capture and enumerate CPC and CMMC. Magnetic particles conjugated to anti-CD138 are used to capture myeloma cells from 4.0mL of blood. Enriched cells are then stained with the nucleic acid dye DAPI and anti-CD38-Phycoerythrin (PE) antibody. Allophycocyanine (APC) conjugated anti-CD45 and anti-CD19 were used to exclude leukocytes and B-cells. In addition, FITC labeled anti-CD56 was added as a biomarker. The enriched and stained cells were transferred to a CellTracks® cartridge and MagNest® for magnetic mounting. The cartridge was scanned using the CellTracks Analyzer II®. Individual images of cells were presented to the operator for review, and scored as CMMCs, based on fluorescence and cell morphology. In a model spike-in system the assay consistently recovered ∼60% of the cells from the Multiple Myeloma cell line H929 spiked into 4.0mL of blood from healthy donors. The assay was linear over the tested range of from 0 to 2000 spiked H929 cells (r2 0.98, slope 0.50, intercept 10). The assay was validated using blood from age matched healthy donors (n=22) and patients with Multiple Myeloma (n=66) and MGUS (n=7). In 4.0mL blood from normal donors, 0 CPC were detected in 12/22 (55%) and low numbers (1–6 CPC) were detected in 10/22 (45%) samples. Interestingly, one CD56 positive CPC (CMMC?) was found in a normal donor. CMMC in Multiple Myeloma patients ranged from 0 – 17,000 /4.0mL blood. One or more CMMC were detected in 91% of the patients, > 5 in 68%, > 10 in 58% and > 100 in 35%. Expression of CD56 was highly variable in the patient population. CMMC in MGUS patients ranged from 0 – 112 /4.0mL blood. One or more CMMC were detected in 6/7 of the patients, > 5 in 4/6, > 10 in 2/6 and > 100 in 1/6. To further characterize CMMC, and differentiate CPC from CMMC, an interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed to be used with the capture and detection system described above. A four color FISH probe was used to simultaneously detect high risk mutations including two recurrent translocations of the IgH locus (t(4;14)(p16;q32) and t(14;16)(q32;q23)) as well as deletion of the TP53 locus (Δ17p13). The FISH assay was verified on cell lines H929, MM1s, and U266, which showed mutations at t(4;14), t(14;16) and Δ17p13, respectively. The FISH assay was tested on 9 CMMC patient samples and 8 samples yielded evaluable results. Two samples showed t(4;14)fusions, 3 patients showed aberrant FISH signal patterns indicating aneuploidy of chromosome 4 or 14 and the remaining patients showed normal FISH patterns. Well controlled prospective clinical studies are needed to establish the prognostic and predictive value of the presence, and characteristics, of CMMC in multiple myeloma or MGUS. In addition, as with CTC, this automated CMMC assay should prove useful in evaluating the effectiveness of new treatments as well as the assessment of potential treatment targets on CMMC in this difficult disease. Disclosures: Gross: Johnson and Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Foulk:Johnson and Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Patel:Johnson and Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Connelly:Johnson and Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Mata:Johnson and Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Apsite, Anita, Aleksandra Konevnina, and Diana Neperte. "THE USE OF COMPULSORY MEASURES OF MEDICAL CHARACTER (CMMC) IN LATVIA – PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Health Sciences 29, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2019.068.
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The authors in their report give a description of the types of CMMC in Latvia. Particular attention is paid to the problem of carrying out psyciatric expertise in Latvia, as well as to the peculiarities of legislation that can cause inaccuracies in conducting and monitoring CMMC. As one of the main problems is identified CMMC in outpatient practice: how are CMMC controlled, who is responsible for control, cooperation between doctor and law enforcement agencies, financing issues.
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Dutta, Ankit K., Elizabeth D. Lightbody, Ziao Lin, Jean-Baptiste Alberge, Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Annie Cowan, et al. "Non-Invasive Liquid Biopsy to Quantify and Molecularly Characterize Circulating Multiple Myeloma Cells in the Assessment of Precursor Disease Pathology." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-150622.
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Abstract Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the abnormal growth of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). In most cases MM develops from early, asymptomatic disease stages known as Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM). Despite effective new therapies, most MM patients inevitably relapse and require further treatment, highlighting the need for better early detection methods for precursor patients and targeted interventions to prevent early disease from progressing. The initial diagnosis of MGUS/SMM remains an incidental process following the identification of increased clonal immunoglobulin in the blood. BM biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of MM progression, but is intrusive, painful, and comes with possible secondary complications for patients. Consequently, repeated assessment is not a feasible option for MGUS and SMM patients who are asymptomatic. Here we tested the utility of circulating multiple myeloma cells (CMMCs) from non-invasive blood biopsy to accompany BM as a method to monitor disease development, by enumerating CMMCs from MGUS/SMM patients. Methods: Peripheral blood from 185 precursor patients (75 MGUS and 110 SMM) from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute observational PCROWD study (IRB #14-174) was collected in CellRescue TM Preservative Tubes and processed on the CellSearch CellTracks Autoprep system using the CMMC assay kit using 4mL of blood. This assay employs the enrichment of CMMCs through the immunophenotype of CD138 +CD45 -19 -, and leukocyte exclusion based on CD45 +CD19 +. Nucleated cells were identified using DAPI staining. The CellTracks Analyzer II fluorescence microscope system was subsequently used to scan captured CMMC cartridges, with software allowing the automated scoring and enumeration of CMMCs. Additional molecular analyses were carried out on SMM patients. Briefly, minipools of CMMCs were sorted by DEPArray and underwent whole genome amplification using Ampli1 kit, PCR-free library construction, quantification and low pass whole genome sequencing (~0.5x) on the Illumina HiSeq2500. To assess whether molecular analyses can be performed to detect hyperdiploidy as a genomic biomarker of MM disease, ichorCNA analyses was performed to determine copy number variant (CNV) events and infer tumour fraction. Results: CMMCs were detected in 27% of MGUS patients collected, with a median count of 2 CMMCs (range 0 to 1328). Comparably, CMMCs were detected in 57% of SMM patients, with a median enumeration of 13 CMMCs (range 0 to 43836). Enumeration of CMMCs illustrated a correlation with clinical measure of disease including the International Myeloma Working Group 2/20/20 risk stratification model. A higher CMMC count was associated with increasing risk group based on the 3-risk factor model, with a median of 5, 29 and 59 CMMCs detected at low, intermediate, and high-risk SMM groups, respectively. CMMC counts were significantly increased at intermediate (P = 5.0 x 10 -4) and high-risk stages (P = 3.7 x 10 -3) compared to low-risk. While enumeration provides a correlative measure of CMMCs that may be of tumor origin, downstream molecular characterization can confirm MM-associated genetic alterations. At the precursor stages, a low tumour burden is evident clinically, thus both normal and malignant plasma cells are present. Therefore, to determine the concordance between bone marrow and peripheral blood CMMCs, we performed genomic analyses to identify arm level gain or loss events. Molecular analyses of CMMCs was carried out in patients who had matched BM and clinical fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) results. We showed that CMMCs can capture 100% of clinically annotated BM FISH CNV events. Furthermore, CMMC samples identified additional yield, with further CNVs identified that were not observed by FISH. In cases that did not have BM biopsy results, sequencing of CMMCs revealed the existence of genetic aberrations. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate clinical correlation and molecular characterization of CMMCs from MGUS/SMM patients. This study provides a foundation for non-invasive detection, enumeration and genomic interrogation of rare CMMCs from the peripheral blood of MGUS/SMM, illustrating the clinical potential of using liquid biopsies for monitoring and managing disease in the precursor setting of MM. Disclosures Getz: IBM, Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Scorpion Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ghobrial: AbbVie, Adaptive, Aptitude Health, BMS, Cellectar, Curio Science, Genetch, Janssen, Janssen Central American and Caribbean, Karyopharm, Medscape, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Takeda, The Binding Site, GNS, GSK: Consultancy.
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Zagorodnyuk, Vladimir P., Melinda Kyloh, Simon J. Brookes, Sarah J. Nicholas, and Nick J. Spencer. "Firing patterns and functional roles of different classes of spinal afferents in rectal nerves during colonic migrating motor complexes in mouse colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 303, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): G404—G411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00047.2012.
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The functional role of the different classes of visceral afferents that innervate the large intestine is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that low-threshold, wide-dynamic-range rectal afferents play an important role in the detection and transmission of visceral pain induced by noxious colorectal distension in mice. However, it is not clear which classes of spinal afferents are activated during naturally occurring colonic motor patterns or during intense contractions of the gut smooth muscle. We developed an in vitro colorectum preparation to test how the major classes of rectal afferents are activated during spontaneous colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) or pharmacologically induced contraction. During CMMCs, circular muscle contractions increased firing in low-threshold, wide-dynamic-range muscular afferents and muscular-mucosal afferents, which generated a mean firing rate of 1.53 ± 0.23 Hz ( n = 8) under isotonic conditions and 2.52 ± 0.36 Hz ( n = 17) under isometric conditions. These low-threshold rectal afferents were reliably activated by low levels of circumferential stretch induced by increases in length (1–2 mm) or load (1–3 g). In a small proportion of cases (5 of 34 units), some low-threshold muscular and muscular-mucosal afferents decreased their firing rate during the peak of the CMMC contractions. High-threshold afferents were never activated during spontaneous CMMC contractions or tonic contractions induced by bethanechol (100 μM). High-threshold rectal afferents were only activated by intense levels of circumferential stretch (10–20 g). These results show that, in the rectal nerves of mice, low-threshold, wide-dynamic-range muscular and muscular-mucosal afferents are excited during contraction of the circular muscle that occurs during spontaneous CMMCs. No activation of high-threshold rectal afferents was detected during CMMCs or intense contractile activity in naïve mouse colorectum.
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Habibi, Zohreh, Farideh Nejat, Parvin Tajik, Syed S. Kazmi, and Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh. "Cervical Myelomeningocele." Neurosurgery 58, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000215955.18762.32.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Cervical myelomeningocele (cMMC) is a rare disease. Only a few series have been published regarding cMMC. Different issues regarding the etiology, classification, clinical, surgical, and pathological aspects of cMMC are still a matter of conflict. METHODS: Sixteen children operated on for cMMC between July 2000 and 2003 were followed by the neurosurgical service at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Tehran. The patients were followed up for 2 to 5 years (median, 3 yr). RESULTS: The studied patients were nine boys and seven girls, ages 1 day to 4 months. Neurological examination was normal in all but two patients. All children had a normal anal fold, could void spontaneously, and showed no evidence of gross orthopedic deformity. We found eight patients with hydrocephalus, four patients with Chiari II malformation, two patients with syringomyelia, one patient with diastematomyelia at the level of cervical hemimyelomeningocele, and one patient with associated sacral myeloschisis. A thorough urological evaluation was planned for 13 patients, which confirmed bladder dysfunction in 10 (71%) patients. All infants had midline lesions, which consisted of a protruding sac from the back of neck, covered with purplish rudimentary or dysplastic skin at the dome. All patients underwent surgical resection of the sac and intradural exploration to release any adhesion and to exclude other associated anomalies. CONCLUSION: Cervical myelomeningocele differs structurally and clinically from myelomeningocele in distal areas and has a more favorable outcome. We think that some trivial neurological deficits in cMMC are caused by the late and limited neurulation abnormality during its development. We advise thorough preoperative evaluation of the brain, spinal column, and urinary system. Intradural exploration to release any potential adhesion bands as well as correcting associated anomalies is recommended in all cMMC operations.
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Adel, Heba Mohamed, and Raghda Abulsaoud Ahmed Younis. "Using co-creating mass-customisation and innovation climate for enhanced value." Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhass-05-2019-002.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the impact of innovation climate (IC) on co-creating modular mass-customisation (CMMC) in terms of cost effectiveness, volume effectiveness, responsiveness, product modularity and collaborative assembly. Additionally, this research paper investigates the effect of IC and CMMC on the value to customer (VC) in a modular jewellery emerging market that includes international companies. Design/methodology/approach After conducting a comprehensive literature review, the authors suggested a conceptual framework and examined it using mixed methods approach. In addition to qualitative focus groups, questionnaires were filled – across five-point Likert scale format – through 63 depth interviews carried out with subject-matter-experts working at 14 international organisations in the Egyptian modular jewellery market. SmartPLS software was used for structural equation modelling analysis. Findings Results showed that CMMC positively and significantly affects VC. Furthermore, IC positively and significantly affects both CMMC and VC. Practical implications Recent industrial developments that can be observed in such international modular jewellery sector can be enhanced by the empirical evidence of this research regarding the importance of developing IC for more creative manufacturing approach of modular mass-customisation and better VC. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, it is the first empirical study that investigates the relationship between CMMC, IC and VC in a unique jewellery market, which recently generated high customer involvement in the assembly/reassembly processes. Conceptually and empirically, it consolidates and adds to the literature of production and operations management (mass-customisation), organisational studies and innovation science (organisational climate for innovation) and applied social sciences.
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Levy, Yair, and Ruti Gafni. "Towards the quantification of cybersecurity footprint for SMBs using the CMMC 2.0." Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management 10, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36965/ojakm.2022.10(1)43-61.
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Organizations, small and big, are faced with major cybersecurity challenges over the past several decades, as the proliferation of information systems and mobile devices expand. While larger organizations invest significant efforts in developing approaches to deal with cybersecurity incidents, Small and Medium Businesses (SMBs) are still struggling with ways to both keep their businesses alive and secure their systems to the best of their abilities. When it comes to critical systems, such as defense industries, the interconnectivities of organizations in the supply-chain have demonstrated to be problematic given the depth required to provide a high-level cybersecurity posture. The United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) with the partnership of the Defense Industry Base (DIB) have developed the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) in 2020 with a third-party mandate for Level 1 certification. Following an outcry from many DIB organizations, a newly revised CMMC 2.0 was introduced in late 2021 where Level 1 (Fundamental) was adjusted for annual self-assessment. CMMC 2.0 provides the 17 practices that organizations should self-assess. While these 17 practices provide initial guidance for assessment, the specific level of measurement and how it impacts their overall cybersecurity posture is vague. Specifically, many of these practices use non-quantifiable terms such as “limit”, “verify”, “control”, “identify”, etc. The focus of this work is to provide SMBs with a quantifiable method to self-assess their Cybersecurity Footprint following the CMMC 2.0 Level 1 practices. This paper outlines the foundational literature work conducted in support of the proposed quantification Cybersecurity Footprint Index (CFI) using 26 elements that correspond to the relevant CMMC 2.0 Level 1 practices.
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Weiss, Brendan, Kate Sasser, Chandra Rao, Brad Foulk, Steven Gross, Gayle Mallon, Colleen Erb, et al. "Circulating Multiple Myeloma Cells (CMMCs): A Novel Method for Detection and Molecular Characterization of Peripheral Blood Plasma Cells in Multiple Myeloma Precursor States." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2031.2031.
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Abstract Background Circulating plasma cells (PCs) have been identified as a prognostic factor in patients with myeloma precursor states (MGUS and SMM) and active multiple myeloma (MM). Enumeration of circulating PCs by available methods is not suitable for widespread use and does not provide molecular characterization. We developed and evaluated a novel method for enumeration and molecular characterization of circulating PCs (circulating multiple myeloma cells, “CMMC”), based on the CELLSEARCH® System (Janssen Diagnostics LLC, Raritan, NJ), an automated technology for the capture, enumeration and characterization of rare cells in the peripheral blood. Methods We are performing a prospective study of patients with MGUS and SMM to evaluate CMMCs as biomarker for progression to active MM. Utilizing the CELLSEARCH® System CMMCs were captured by CD138 ferrofluid magnetic particles and identification was defined as CD38+ and CD19-, CD45-. Nonviable cells were excluded by DAPI. Isolated CMMCs were stored and FISH for t(4:14), t(14;16) and del17 was performed. Results We have enrolled 16 patients, MGUS = 3, SMM = 11, and newly diagnosed MM = 2. The Mayo Risk stratification for MGUS patients was: low risk = 2, low-intermediate = 1. All SMM patients were low risk by Mayo Model incorporating serum free light chains. The median number of bone marrow plasma cells for MGUS patients was 7 (range 7-9) and for SMM patients was 15 (range 10-40). The median CMMCs for MGUS = 6 (range 2-55), median CMMCs for SMM = 31 (5-1918). The two patients with NDMM had 5870 and 5 CMMCs, respectively. A single patient with SMM progressed with a symptomatic solitary lumbar plasmacytoma and had CMMCs of 5 and 3 at baseline and progression, respectively. Abnormalities by FISH were detected in both bone marrow and CMMCs. Accrual is ongoing and additional data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions The CELLSEARCH® CMMC assay can detect, quantify and provide molecular characterization of circulating PCs in MGUS/SMM/MM; longer prospective follow-up is needed to test the prognostic value of CMMCs. Disclosures Weiss: Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding. Sasser:Janssen: Employment. Rao:Janssen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Foulk:Janssen: Employment. Gross:Johnson & Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Cohen:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Vogl:Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Millennium/Takeda: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Acetylon: Research Funding. Stadtmauer:Janssen: Consultancy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CMMC"
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Fink, Miriam. "Metrikeinsatz in Software-Projekten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
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Sun, Yan. "Business-oriented Software Process Improvement based on CMM and CMMI using QFD." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla [sic] [Missouri University of Science and Technology], 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Sun_09007dcc8047a90b.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.Degree granted by Missouri University of Science and Technology, formerly known as the University of Missouri-Rolla. Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 29, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
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Sousa, Sandra Cristina Catarino. "O impacto do cmm / cmmi na qualidade do software: um estudo sobre a percepção dos profissionais de tic." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2009. http://www.adm.ufba.br/sites/default/files/publicacao/arquivo/sousa_sandra_c._catarino.pdf.
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Diante de diversos estudos que relacionam a qualidade do software à qualidade do processo que o gera e da crescente pressão do mercado de TIC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação) pela criação de produtos qualidade com prazos e custos cada vez menores, as empresas produtoras de software passaram a investir na utilização de processos no desenvolvimento de softwares. Diversos padrões e modelos de qualidade foram criados e difundidos com foco na definição de processos, dentre eles os modelos de maturidade da capacidade CMM (Capability Maturity Model) e CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), criados pelo SEI (Software Engineering Institute), que tiveram uma grande aceitação mundial. Em face desta realidade, a SUNAC/SDR (Superintendência de Negócio, Administração Tributária e Comércio Exterior/Salvador), regional do SERPRO (Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados), conquistou em 2003 o nível dois do CMM e desde então trabalha no aperfeiçoamento do processo de desenvolvimento de software para atingir níveis superiores do modelo CMMI. A presente pesquisa explicita a percepção dos profissionais da SUNAC/SDR, que trabalharam nesta unidade no intervalo de ]2003 - 2008], sobre como a utilização dos modelos CMM / CMMI afeta a qualidade dos produtos gerados ao longo do ciclo de vida de desenvolvimento de software. Verificou-se que os profissionais perceberam a importância de utilizar um processo de desenvolvimento para a melhoria dos produtos gerados. Além disso, perceberam que houve melhoria nos produtos desenvolvidos por eles e também no produto final entregue ao cliente após a implantação do processo.
Salvador
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Endriss, Carneiro Campelo Renata. "XP-CMM : uma guia para utilização de Extreme Programming em um ambiente nível do CMM." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2523.
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Previous issue date: 2003Recentemente a comunidade de software vem se deparando com um grupo de novas metodologias de desenvolvimento de software, classificadas como metodologias ágeis . Algumas das metodologias que fazem parte deste grupo são Extreme Programming (XP) e SCRUM, sendo XP a mais conhecida e utilizada. Estas metodologias possuem em comum um conjunto de valores para o desenvolvimento de software, priorizando: indivíduos e iterações sobre processos e ferramentas; software funcionando sobre documentação compreensiva; colaboração do cliente sobre negociação de contrato; resposta à mudança sobre seguir um plano. Em paralelo à disseminação das metodologias ágeis, os investimentos em qualidade de software vêm aumentando a cada ano. Pesquisas realizadas sobre o setor de software, indicam um crescimento na adoção de modelos de qualidade como ISO 9000 e Capability Maturity Model for Software (CMM). Modelos de qualidade e metodologias ágeis possuem fundamentos opostos, como é possível notar nos valores definidos por essas metodologias. Autores de metodologias ágeis freqüentemente criticam modelos como o CMM. Em contra partida, alguns trabalhos indicam que é possível utilizar as duas abordagens em um mesmo ambiente. Este trabalho apresenta o Guia XP-CMM2, que tem como objetivo apoiar as organizações no uso da metodologia ágil XP em um ambiente nível 2 do CMM. Com o uso do Guia XP-CMM2, as organizações deverão se beneficiar da agilidade proposta por XP e da maturidade adquirida com o nível 2 do modelo de qualidade de software mais respeitado do mundo, o CMM. Para a elaboração do Guia XP-CMM2, foi realizado inicialmente um diagnóstico da satisfação de XP ao nível 2 do CMM e, depois, para cada problema identificado, uma solução foi proposta. Finalmente o Guia XP-CMM2 foi aplicado em dois ambientes distintos visando avaliação dos resultados obtidos
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Barrera, Aguilar Jenny. "El proceso de software en una empresa del sector financiero: Diagnóstico, mejora y perspectivas aplicando CMM®, CMMI® y ITIL®." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2007. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2007/barrera_aj/html/index-frames.html.
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Pizarro, Bahamondes Juan. "Valoración empresas CMPC." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130469.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en FinanzasAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
El presente informe analiza empresas CMPC a nivel de grupo económico, buscando determinar su valor a través de sus fundamentales, el valor de mercado se obtendrá mediante técnicas de valorización por flujos libres descontados y por múltiplos En las valoración de CMPC existe un factor esencial a considerar que es la alta correlación del precio de la empresa con el precio de la celulosa a nivel internacional y también una alta correlación con el IPSA, ya que los resultados de la empresa están muy ligados a los ciclos económicos. Dada esta condición estructural del negocio en torno a la ciclicidad y volatilidad de su principal segmento de negocio ponderaremos nuestra valorización 50% por flujo y 50% por múltiplo y seremos conservadores en nuestras proyecciones. La primera sección de este informe entrega un perfil general de la empresa destacando su estrategia continua de crecimiento, diversificación, operando en toda la cadena productiva del papel, un desarrollo agresivo a nivel internacional que pueden posicionar a CMPC como una de las tres empresas productoras de celulosa más grandes del mundo. En esta primera sección se destaca igualmente la política financiera altamente conservadora de la empresa, que le ha permitido sostener sus ventajas competitivas y aprovechar oportunidades de inversión. En la sección dos se revisa en forma detallada la valoración de la empresa, tomando para tal efecto seis años histórico de información, estos cinco años están influenciados con la crisis económica de 2008, lo que agrega mayor conservadurismo a las proyecciones. Dichas proyecciones son a 7 años 2014 a 2020 que se considera un ciclo adecuado para tener una perspectiva del crecimiento de largo plazo de la compañía, los primeros años de este periodo los analistas proyectan una situación de sobre-oferta de celulosa, que presionará los precios a la baja, solo compensado con la creciente demanda de China y una probable recuperación europea. Es importante destacar igualmente que al principio del periodo de la proyección, se encuentra uno de los hitos más importantes de la historia de la compañía, como lo es la puesta en marcha de la planta de celulosa Guaiba en Brasil, inversión que requerirá una inversión de 2.100 millones de dólares que generara presión sobre el precio de la acción de CMPC, pero a su vez contempla enormes posibilidades de desarrollo y mayor eficiencia en el mediano plazo. Por su parte el segundo segmento más importante de la compañía el papel Tissue seguirá su desarrollo creciente en Latinoamérica posicionándose en dos mercado de vital importancia como lo son Brasil y México y posibilitando de esta manera crecer por sobre la expansión natural de las economías latinoamericanas Se finaliza el presente trabajo con una serie de anexos que pueden ser interesantes de incorporar, para comprender en su totalidad el estudio y contar con cifras detalladas de las bases de proyección y análisis
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Schiaffino, López Ricardo. "Valoración empresas CMPC S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117290.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en FinanzasAutor no envía autorización para el acceso a texto completo de su tesis en el Portal de Tesis Electrónicas de la U. de Chile.
El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad determinar el precio objetivo para la acción de Empresas CMPC S.A. considerando la información financiera al 30 de junio de.2013, mediante el método de múltiplos. El trabajo contempla la descripción de la empresa y de la industria en la que participa, el análisis del financiamiento, de la estructura de capital, análisis operacional, la proyección del estado de resultados y flujo de caja libre de la empresa. Para la valoración por múltiplos de empresas comparables se efectuó un análisis del sector al cual pertenece la empresa, se definieron y analizaron sus empresas comparables, las cuales se eligieron de mercados extranjeros al no encontrar información financiera de calidad de empresas comparables nacionales. Producto de la valoración por múltiplos el rango de precios determinado fluctúa entre UF 0,0170 y UF 0,072 por acción.
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Hinojosa, B. Jaime. "Valoración Empresas CMPC S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134538.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en FinanzasAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad determinar el precio de la acción de EMPRESAS CMPC S.A. a través del método de flujos de caja descontado considerando información al 30.06.2014. Este trabajo contempla la descripción de la empresa y de la industria en la que participa la empresa, análisis del financiamiento y de la estructura de capital, análisis operacional, la proyección del estado de resultados y flujo de caja libre de la empresa. En la aplicación del método de flujos de caja descontados, se determinó a través del modelo de mercado el Beta de Empresas CMPC S.A., considerando el índice accionario de la Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago llamado Índice General de Precios de las Acciones (IGPA), para luego proceder a calcular la tasa de costo de capital de los activos de la empresa (WACC), con la cual se descontaron los flujos de caja libre proyectados. Producto de la valoración por flujos descontados se determinó un precio de la acción de $1.357, lo que significa un upside de 12,1% respecto del valor de la acción en la Bolsa de Santiago al cierre de junio del año 2014.
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Guzman, Correa Benjamin A. "Valoración Empresas CMPC S.A." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145660.
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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN FINANZASEn este documento se presenta la valoración de Empresas CMPC S.A. mediante el método de Flujos de Caja Descontados (FCD), entidad la cual presenta 3 segmentos de negocios entre los que se encuentra Celulosa (incluye forestal), Tissue y Papel, siendo el primero de estos segmentos el que compone un 45% de los ingresos, seguidos por Tissue quienes entregan 37%. La principal competencia de CMPC es Empresas COPEC la cual al igual que CMPC son entidades Chilenas. La compañía no espera realizar inversiones de montos muy altos en los años futuros, principalmente por que recién el segundo semestre del año 2015 culmino un proceso de fuertes inversiones al terminar la puesta en marcha de una planta en Brasil (Proyecto Guaiba II). Empresas CMPC S.A. se financia principalmente con recursos propios, ya que del total de Pasivos y Patrimonio que tiene la entidad 54,53% corresponde a Patrimonio del cual un 87% corresponde a Ganancias (pérdidas) acumuladas, respecto al resto de financiamiento este se compone principalmente de deuda que devenga interés, las cuales componen un 63% del total de los pasivos, encontrándose entre sus principales componentes los Bonos que son un 71% de la deuda que devenga intereses. Cabe señalar que de los Bonos mencionados CMPC posee series emitidas en el extranjero y cuenta con una clasificación crediticia de Grado de Inversión. La valorización realizada para CMPC según flujos de caja libre se estimó para 5 años proyectados a partir de datos históricos desde el 2012 a septiembre de 2016, todo expresado en UF. Los ingresos y gastos operacionales se estimaron para las distintas líneas de negocio, considerando que estas mantienen la capacidad instalada actual, considerado para el crecimiento el aumento de los ingresos y producción de los periodos anteriores y para los Costos y GAV en general una proporción sobre los ingresos, en base a los movimientos regulares de periodos anteriores, otros ingresos y gastos por función en general se estimó constante. El cálculo del WACC considero una estructura de capital objetivo, en base a la media de las estructura de capital que ha tenido la compañía en periodos anteriores, se calculó el Beta de la compañía considerando los precios de la acción de forma semanal de los últimos dos años, es decir de Octubre de 2014 a Septiembre de 2016, con el Beta apalancado se calculó el Beta desapalancado, el cual se volvió a apalancar con las condiciones proyectadas a futuro, de este manera se ha obtenido un costo patrimonial y un costo de capital promedio ponderado (WACC) entregando un valor de 8,10% para descontar los Flujos. La tasa libre de riesgo utilizada en los cálculos es 1,63% correspondiente a la tasa de Bonos del Banco Central en UF a 30 años al 29 de Septiembre de 2016, mientras que el premio por riesgo de mercado es 8,17% correspondiente al premio por riesgo para el mercado chileno provisto por Damodaran a Julio de 2016, junto a esto la tasa de la deuda de 4,79% corresponde a la última tasa de mercado para el bono de mayor importancia que tiene CMPC. El valor económico de la empresa se obtuvo calculando el valor presente de los Flujos de Caja Libre descontados a la tasa WACC, considerando también el valor terminal el cual se considera sin crecimiento para periodos fututos, a esto se sumaron los activos prescindibles y el exceso de capital de trabajo para llegar a un monto de valor económico de la empresa de 213.181.457 UF lo que restado la deuda financiera nos entrega un valor de patrimonio económico de 107.863.291 UF, representado un valor estimado de la acción de $ 1.131 (peso chileno), lo que está por debajo del valor de mercado al 30 de septiembre de 2016 el cual es $ 1.309 (peso chileno).
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Machado, Gilmara de Oliveira. "Preparação e caracterização de CMC e CMC graftizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-11092001-160555/.
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Polpa celulósica, para obtenção de carboximetilcelulose (CMC), foi obtida a partir do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar através de separação do material em fração fibrosa e medula, sua pré-hidrólise, posterior polpação soda/antraquinona e etanol/água. A polpa soda/antraquinona da fração fibra foi submetida ao processo de branqueamento para obter um material rico em celulose de alta pureza. A polpa branqueada da fração fibra foi utilizada na preparação da CMC na forma de sal de sódio e lítio. Para reações de enxertia foram utilizadas amostras de CMC preparadas no laboratório e comerciais usando isocianatos comerciais e sintetizados. Tanto a CMC como a CMC enxertada foram caracterizadas através de análises térmicas (DSC, TGA), espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV), ressonância magnética nuclear de carbono 13 (RMN 13C) e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX). A análise detalhada dos espectros de IV e RMN 13C indica a formação de ligações uretanas em diferentes números de onda e deslocamentos químicos dependendo da CMC e isocianato utilizado. Também observa-se uma pequena mudança na linha de base da curva de DSC indicando uma possível transição vítrea da CMC que diminui após a enxertia da CMC com isocianato. Micrografias de MEV mostraram mudanças estruturais com as reações e a análise através de (EDX) um aumento no teor de carbono e diminuição no de oxigênio com as graftizações. Medidas de condutividade demonstraram que a NaCMC graftizada com isocianato de poli(óxido de propileno) apresenta condutividade de 10-5 S/cm a 100oC, comparável com outros eletrólitos sólidos poliméricosThe cellulosic pulp obtained from sugar cane bagasse was used to synthesize carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), the substrate for the grafting reactions with mono and di-isocyanathes. The sugar cane bagasse was separated into fiber and non-fiber fractions that then were submitted to the pre-hydrolyses and pulping reactions (sodium hydroxide/anthraquinone and ethanol/water). After that the sodium hydroxide/anthraquinone pulp of the fiber fraction was bleached to obtain a high purity cellulosic material. This cellulose was used to obtain the sodium and lithium salts of CMC (NaCMC and LiCMC respectively). Then these samples were used for grafting reactions with commercial octadecylisocyanate and hexamethylene-diisocyanate and synthesized monoisocyanate of poly(propylene oxide). All the samples were characterized through thermal analyses (DSC/TGA), infra-red spectroscopy (IR), solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal analysis indicate a possible glass transition of CMC at about 65oC that decreases for to about 29oC after the grafting reaction with isocyanate. The micrographs show structural changes occurred during the several reactions confirmed by thermal analysis. The detailed analysis of IR and NMR 13C spectra of grafted samples indicated the formation of urethane bonds. Conductivity measurements of NaCMC grafted with the poly(propylene oxide) isocyanate gave the value of 10-5 S/cm at 100oC that is comparable with other polymeric solid electrolytes.
Books on the topic "CMMC"
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Land, Susan K. Jumpstart CMM/CMMI software process improvement: Using IEEE software engineering standards. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2005.
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Chaudhary, Mukund, and Abhishek Chopra. CMMI for Development. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2529-5.
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Project management success with CMMI: Seven CMMI process areas. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2007.
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Flack, David. CMM verification. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 2001.
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Flack, David. CMM probing. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 2001.
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Miriam B. P. Oelsner Lopes. Pequena história dos transportes públicos de São Paulo. São Paulo: Museu CMTC dos Transportes Públicos, 1985.
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Practical insight into CMMI. 2nd ed. Boston: Artech House, 2008.
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Council of Mining and Metallurgical Institutions. Congress. Proceedings, XVth CMMI Congress. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1994.
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Kulpa, Margaret K. Interpreting the CMMI (R). London: Taylor and Francis, 2008.
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Kasse, Tim. Practical insight into CMMI. 2nd ed. Boston: Artech House, 2008.
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Das, Ravi. "The Compliance Laws of the GDPR, CCPA, and CMMC." In Assessing and Insuring Cybersecurity Risk, 109–18. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003023685-4.
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Wu, Zhanchun, David Christensen, Mingshu Li, and Qing Wang. "A Survey of CMM/CMMI Implementation in China." In Unifying the Software Process Spectrum, 507–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11608035_41.
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Preneel, Bart. "CMAC." In Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, 214–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_562.
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Peters, Nils, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, et al. "CMTC." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 372. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7526.
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Chaudhary, Mukund, and Abhishek Chopra. "CMMI Overview." In CMMI for Development, 1–7. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2529-5_1.
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Chaudhary, Mukund, and Abhishek Chopra. "CMMI Design." In CMMI for Development, 9–69. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2529-5_2.
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Gooch, Jan W. "CMC." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 148. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2471.
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Broy, Manfred, and Marco Kuhrmann. "Ergänzungen zu CMMI." In Xpert.press, 391–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29290-3_15.
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Chaudhary, Mukund, and Abhishek Chopra. "Planning CMMI Implementation." In CMMI for Development, 71–80. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2529-5_3.
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Chaudhary, Mukund, and Abhishek Chopra. "Creating, Updating, and Releasing a QMS." In CMMI for Development, 81–90. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2529-5_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "CMMC"
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Tsirinomeny, Martel, and Alfred Rufer. "Configurable Modular Multilevel Converter (CMMC) for flexible EV." In 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2015.7309229.
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Abdelhakim, Ahmed, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Current-fed Modular Multilevel Converter (CMMC) for Fuel Cell and Photovoltaic Integration." In 2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compel49091.2020.9265695.
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Gautam, Yash Kumar, Nalin Somani, Monu Kumar, and Sunil Kumar Sharma. "A review on fabrication and characterization of copper metal matrix composite (CMMC)." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS SCIENCE ENGINEERING: Innovation and Research-2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5058254.
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Zhang, Yongwei, Qinan Hu, Fang Liu, and Yueguo Gu. "CMMC-BDRC Solution to the NLP-TEA-2018 Chinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis Task." In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Natural Language Processing Techniques for Educational Applications. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-3726.
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Nakashima, Risako, Akari Koike, Takaaki Sakai, Norihiro Doda, and Masaaki Tanaka. "Quantitative Risk Assessment With CMMC Method on Abnormal Snowfall Incident for a Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93039.
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Abstract In general, the ultimate heat sink of a decay heat removal system is the atmosphere for accidental conditions of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) designs in Japan. Therefore, risk assessment of external hazards from the atmosphere is important for SFR. However, along with global warming (GW), the number of significant meteorological disasters has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on meteorological phenomena. Hazard curves were developed to address the possibility of abnormal snowfall. By using the hazard curve data, plant dynamics analyses by continuous Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (CMMC) method were conducted with the assumption of failure due to snowfall. The excess frequency of the coolant temperature was quantitatively examined for the design limitation temperature value. The abnormal snowfall height was evaluated using meteorological data. Assuming the possibility of snowfall increase occurring by 2050, the expected value to reproduce 10,000 years was evaluated, and the plant dynamics analyses were conducted using the snowfall height. In conclusion, abnormal snowfall was found to likely increase by GW. In addition, the CMMC method was implemented using the expected value to reproduce 10,000 years, and its effect on the probability of exceeding the temperature limit as the core damage factor was evaluated. As a result, the probability of exceeding this limit increased when GW was considered.
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Martel, Tsirinomeny, and Alfred Rufer. "Electric vehicle driving and fast charging system based on configurable modular multilevel converter (CMMC)." In 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2013.6634376.
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Dong, Chensong, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang, and Guoxiong Zhang. "Dynamic Error Prediction and Compensation of Coordinate Measuring Machines." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1790.
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Abstract Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are already widely used as a measuring tool in the manufacturing industry. Fast probing is now the trend for next generation CMMs. However, increases in the measuring velocity of CMMs are limited by dynamic errors that occur in CMMs. In this paper, theoretical analysis and experimental research is used to create a systematic approach for modeling the dynamic errors of a touch-trigger probe CMM. First, an overall analysis of the dynamic errors of CMMs is given, and methods to improve the stiffness of air bearings are presented. Weak elements of the CMM are identified with a laser interferometer. The probing process, as conducted with a touch-trigger probe, is analyzed and dynamic errors are measured. Based on these analyses, the dynamic errors in touch-trigger probing are modeled using neural networks. In turn, dynamic errors are predicted. An approach to achieving software error compensation is discussed. Finally, the method and results from this study illustrate that it is possible to compensate for dynamic errors of CMMs.
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Morse, Edward. "Accreditation for Dimensional Testing With Coordinate Measuring Machines." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.30.
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This paper will address some of the issues surrounding the accreditation of laboratories for dimensional testing (and calibration) using Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs). The differences between calibrating instruments and using them for subsequent measurements will be explained. This is particularly important with CMMs because their calibration is made up of very specific measurements, while subsequent measurements can cover an enormous range of measurands (length, diameter, flatness, true position, run out, and many more). Given this difference in calibration and use, the next step is to discuss how measurement uncertainty for this discipline will appear on a scope of accreditation, and then the different ways that the uncertainty could, or should, appear on a test or calibration certificate. Although many CMMs are operated under direct computer control, with validated software to perform calculations, the interpretation of part drawings and the ability to transform the part specification into a measurement program to determine conformance relies heavily on the CMM programmer's knowledge of both GD&T and the CMM software implementation of GD&T. The next section of this paper will discuss the qualitative and quantitative evaluations that occur in the evaluation of a laboratory that performs CMM measurements, either for internal or external customers. While these subjects will be addressed in the context of laboratory accreditation, the underlying principles are important for anyone who has to justify the value of the CMM measurements that they perform.
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Morse, Edward. "Issues in the testing of Portable Coordinate Measuring Systems (CMS)." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.30.
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Historically, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are delivered to a room provided by the customer, with environmental controls (primarily temperature) that meet the CMM manufacturer's requirements. More sophisticated compensation methods and the use of advanced materials have led to the ability to place CMMs on the factory floor, but there are still environmental limits which must be satisfied in order for the CMM to perform as specified. Performance testing of CMMs follows (in general) the rubric that the error observed in a length measurement of a reference artifact must not exceed the CMM specification, provided the required environmental conditions are met. If we consider portable coordinate measuring systems (CMSs), such as articulating arm CMMs and laser trackers, the same general guidelines pertain to performance testing. There are, however, two differences in these instruments that introduce ambiguity with respect to the testing and calibration of these instruments. The first difference is that these instruments use an operator to perform measurements, where a CMM is computer controlled and largely independent of the operator. It is possible that an inexperienced operator may have difficulty in successfully completing a performance test of the instrument. If a technician representing the instrument manufacturer can successfully complete the test, is this adequate? Or must it be possible for any properly trained operator to achieve a successful result? The second difference in portable CMS is that . due to their portability . they are often sent to an offsite laboratory for performance testing and calibration. These offsite laboratories often have very good temperature control, performing the tests at 20 .C ™} 2.C, while the instruments are specified to perform at (for example) .5 .C to +40 .C. How then is the user able to be confident that the instrument will perform as designed in their own environment? What avenues are available to determine that the instrument continues to remain in conformance to the manufacturer specifications?
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Vemulapalli, Prabath, Jami J. Shah, and Joseph K. Davidson. "Reconciling the Differences Between Tolerance Specification and Measurement Methods." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1206.
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The ASME Y14.5M standard has defined different types of tolerances that can be applied to a feature to achieve the required functionality. Each tolerance defines a zone within which the feature under inspection must lie. The conformance of the parts to these tolerances is checked by manual measurements or a CMM. But it has been observed that the measurements between different CMMs do not match. There are two generally accepted reasons for this discrepancy. The first one is the measurement uncertainty in CMM software. This problem was addressed by NIST by developing reference softwares for feature fitting algorithms. And the second one is the distinct choice of algorithms for fitting substitute feature to the data points measured from CMM. Feature fitting algorithms used in CMMs are often based on their mathematical convenience rather than the interpretation of definitions in the GD&T standard. Our research is focused on identifying that normative algorithm that is best to be used for each type of tolerance. Each normative algorithm is identified as the one to best represent the interpretation of geometric control as defined by the Standard and on the manual methods used for the measurement of a specific tolerance type.
Reports on the topic "CMMC"
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Richter, Karen J. CMMI (trademark) for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ) Primer, Version 1.2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482055.
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Poovendran, R., J. Lee, and T. Iwata. The AES-CMAC Algorithm. RFC Editor, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4493.
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Ward, Robert C. CMM Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/952475.
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CENTER FOR NAVAL ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA. CMMI (Trademark) for Acquisition, Version 1.2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada475206.
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Manulis-Sasson, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Laura Chalupowicz, Guido Sessa, and Thomas J. Burr. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactions: expression and function of virulence factors, plant defense responses and pathogen movement. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594405.bard.
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Clavibactermichiganensissubsp. michiganensis(Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The goal of the project was to unravel the molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato. The genome of Cmm contains numerous genes encoding for extracellular serine proteases and cell wall degrading enzymes. The first objective was to elucidate the role of secreted serine proteases in Cmm virulence. Mutants of nine genes encoding serine proteases of 3 different families were tested for their ability to induce wilting, when tomato stems were puncture-inoculated, as compared to blisters formation on leaves, when plants were spray-inoculated. All the mutants showed reduction in wilting and blister formation as compared to the wild type. The chpCmutant displayed the highest reduction, implicating its major role in symptom development. Five mutants of cell wall degrading enzymes and additional genes (i.e. perforin and sortase) caused wilting but were impaired in their ability to form blisters on leaves. These results suggest that Cmm differentially expressed virulence genes according to the site of penetration. Furthermore, we isolated and characterized two Cmmtranscriptional activators, Vatr1 and Vatr2 that regulate the expression of virulence factors, membrane and secreted proteins. The second objective was to determine the effect of bacterial virulence genes on movement of Cmm in tomato plants and identify the routes by which the pathogen contaminates seeds. Using a GFP-labeledCmm we could demonstrate that Cmm extensively colonizes the lumen of xylem vessels and preferentially attaches to spiral secondary wall thickening of the protoxylem and formed biofilm-like structures composed of large bacterial aggregates. Our findings suggest that virulence factors located on the chp/tomAPAI or the plasmids are required for effective movement of the pathogen in tomato and for the formation of cellular aggregates. We constructed a transposon plasmid that can be stably integrated into Cmm chromosome and express GFP, in order to follow movement to the seeds. Field strains from New York that were stably transformed with this construct, could not only access seeds systemically through the xylem, but also externally through tomato fruit lesions, which harbored high intra-and intercellular populations. Active movement and expansion of bacteria into the fruit mesocarp and nearby xylem vessels followed, once the fruit began to ripen. These results highlight the ability of Cmm to invade tomato fruit and seed through multiple entry routes. The third objective was to assess correlation between disease severity and expression levels of Cmm virulence genes and tomato defense genes. The effect of plant age on expression of tomato defense related proteins during Cmm infection was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Five genes out of eleven showed high induction at early stages of infection of plants with 19/20 leaves compared to young plants bearing 7/8 leaves. Previous results showed that Cmm virulence genes were expressed at early stages of infection in young plants compared to older plants. Results of this study suggest that Cmm virulence genes may suppress expression of tomato defense-related genes in young plants allowing effective disease development. The possibility that chpCis involved in suppression of tomato defense genes is currently under investigation by measuring the transcript level of several PR proteins, detected previously in our proteomics study. The fourth objective was to define genome location and stability of virulence genes in Cmm strains. New York isolates were compared to Israeli, Serbian, and NCPPB382 strains. The plasmid profiles of New York isolates were diverse and differed from both Israeli and Serbian strains. PCR analysis indicated that the presence of putative pathogenicity genes varied between isolates and highlighted the ephemeral nature of pathogenicity genes in field populations of Cmm. Results of this project significantly contributed to the understanding of Cmm virulence, its movement within tomato xylem or externally into the seeds, the role of serine proteases in disease development and initiated research on global regulation of Cmm virulence. These results form a basis for developing new strategies to combat wilt and canker disease of tomato.
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Montano, Joshua Daniel. CMM Interim Check (U). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209279.
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Neumeister, Michael W., Shaun D. Mendenhall, and Michael R. Ruebhausen. Thumb CMC Joint Arthroplasty. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2017.s0116.
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Neumeister, Michael W. Thumb CMC Joint Arthroplasty. Touch Surgery Simulations, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2018.s0116.
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Trent, Bruce, Manikantan Velappan, Donald Sandoval, and William Boncher. CMM Sequential Analysis Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1779643.
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Balmaseda, Magdalena A., Ronan McAdam, Simona Masina, Senan Retish, Michael Mayer, and Silvio Gualdi. Derive observable ocean climate indicators from seasonal forecast. EuroSea, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.3.
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