Journal articles: 'CMCG'

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Khalaf, Luaay, Wen-Po Chuang, L. M. Aguirre-Rojas, Peter Klein, and C. Michael Smith. "Differences in Aceria tosichella population responses to wheat resistance genes and wheat virus transmission." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 13, no. 6 (September 26, 2019): 807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-019-09717-9.

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Abstract Severe winter wheat yield losses due to infestations of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, and mite-transmitted viruses occur in wheat production areas of the United States and Canada. Mite infestation alone causes stunted, chlorotic plants in susceptible wheat varieties, and mites transmit Wheat Streak Mosaic (WSMV), High Plains Wheat Mosaic (HPWMoV), and Triticum Mosaic Virus (TriMV). Wheat curl mites were collected from 25 sites in Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Texas, North Dakota, and South Dakota in 2014 and 2015. At each site, mite virulence was determined to wheat plants harboring the Cmc2-, Cmc3-, or Cmc4 mite resistance gene; or Cmc4 plus the Wsm2 WSMV resistance gene. Mites collected from 92%, 36%, and 24% of sites were virulent to susceptible Jagger wheat plants (no Cmc), Cmc2, and Cmc3, respectively. The mega-population consisting of all 25 mite sub-populations was avirulent to 80% of plants containing Cmc4 + Wsm2 or Cmc4. WSMV, HPWMoV, or TriMV was present in mites at 76%, 16%, and 8% of the 25 sites, respectively. Our results will enable breeders to increase the efficiency of wheat production by releasing wheat varieties containing wheat curl mite resistance genes that reduce wheat yield losses.

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Magalhães, Guilherme A., Clara M. W. Santos, Durcilene A. Silva, Jeanny S. Maciel, Judith P. A. Feitosa, Haroldo C. B. Paula, and Regina C. M. de Paula. "Microspheres of chitosan/carboxymethyl cashew gum (CH/CMCG): Effect of chitosan molar mass and CMCG degree of substitution on the swelling and BSA release." Carbohydrate Polymers 77, no. 2 (June 2009): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.037.

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Prence, E. M., K. O. Garrett, and R. H. Glew. "A kinetic study of the effects of galactocerebroside 3-sulphate on human spleen glucocerebrosidase. Evidence for two activator-binding sites." Biochemical Journal 237, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2370655.

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Extraction of control human spleen glucocerebrosidase with sodium cholate and butan-l-ol reversibly inactivates the enzyme in terms of its ability to hydrolyse the water-soluble substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (MUGlc). The acidic brain lipid galactocerebroside 3-sulphate (sulphatide) reconstitutes beta-glucosidase activity in a strongly concentration-dependent manner. In this study we show that sulphatide exhibits three critical micellar concentrations (CMCs): CMC1, 3.72 microM; CMC2, 22.6 microM; CMC3, 60.7 microM. We designate the aggregates formed at these CMCs as primary, secondary and tertiary micelles respectively. From the results of kinetic studies performed at various sulphatide concentrations (0.012-248 microM), we found that sulphatide monomers (less than 3 microM) decreased the Km (for MUGlc) of control glucocerebrosidase from 11 to 4.6 mM, and lowered the Vmax. 2-fold. However, secondary and tertiary micelles were required for expression of high control glucocerebrosidase activities. Glucocerebrosidase prepared from the spleen of a patient with non-neuronopathic type 1 Gaucher's disease exhibited a very low Km (2.8 mM) even in the absence of exogenous lipid, and sulphatide monomers had no effect on the mutant enzyme's Km or Vmax. However, secondary or tertiary micelles markedly increased the Vmax. of the type 1 glucocerebrosidase to 60% of the corresponding control enzyme value. In contrast, for the glucocerebrosidase of the neuronopathic type 2 case, although sulphatide decreased the Km from 9.2 to 1.7 mM, the Vmax. never reached more than 5% that of the control enzyme, even at high concentrations of sulphatide. In addition, we found that secondary and tertiary sulphatide micelles enhanced the rate of inactivation of all three glucocerebrosidase preparations by chymotrypsin. Collectively, these results indicate the presence of two sulphatide-binding sites on glucocerebrosidase: one that enhances substrate binding, and another that enhances catalysis.

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Rachtanapun, Pornchai, Sukum Eitssayeam, and Kamonpan Pengpat. "Study of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Papaya Peels as Binder in Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.17.

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Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose from papaya peel (CMCp) on the properties of ceramics were investigated. Cellulose was extracted from papaya peels by NaOH and then it was modified by chloro acetic acid to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose. The prepared CMCp was applied as a binder in ceramic slip in order to increase its viscosity. Sodium silicate was also added into the slip for providing a dispersion of slip and protecting the sedimentation of clay particles. Various concentrations of CMCp and commercial CMC (CMCc) (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25% w/w of dry weight of clays) were added into the slip. Effect of CMC on viscosity of the slip and the ceramic density were studied. The relationship between the ceramic properties such as, shrinkage, porosity, casting rate and bending strength (both green strength and fired strength), and CMC concentration was also observed. As increasing both CMCp and CMCc, viscosity increased while density decreased. The prepared ceramics (green ware and fired ware) added with CMCp were found to have higher strength and lower in %shrinkage than that of adding with CMCc. The thickness of the ceramic wall adding CMCc increased with increasing CMCc concentration, and time in contrast to that of CMCp as the thickness decreased with increasing CMCp concentration. However, the ceramics with addition of CMCp possessed higher strength than that of the commercial one.

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Maciel, Carina Elisabeth, Jacira Helena do Valle Pereira Assis, and Miriam Ferreira de Abreu da Silva. "Acesso e permanência na educação superior: estratégias de ingresso mobilizadas no ‘Colégio Militar de Campo Grande’." Acta Scientiarum. Education 40, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 37648. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascieduc.v40i1.37648.

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A trajetória de estudantes, em especial no que tange a acesso e permanência na educação superior, está intrinsecamente relacionada ao processo de escolarização, isto é, é determinada pela estruturação e ampliação do capital escolar na educação básica. Neste texto são discutidas as estratégias mobilizadas por uma escola pública de prestígio – como o Colégio Militar de Campo Grande –, que contribuem para o ingresso na educação superior. Busca-se compreender como os agentes e a instituição - colégio, famílias e estudantes - desenham um projeto que culmina em aprovações em cursos de nível superior no País e na região. As fontes utilizadas são relatórios oficiais do Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil e o periódico do CMCG, dentre outros, - analisados com base em estudos bourdieusianos. Os resultados sinalizam que o Colégio Militar reúne elementos de ordem pedagógica e simbólica que geram ações e sentimentos de pertença em seus estudantes, que, uma vez mobilizados, produzem resultados positivos de acesso à educação superior.

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Hao, Hong Ying, Shao Yi Lv, and Zi Qiang Shao. "The Effect of Micro-Structure of CMC on Stability of Milk Beverage." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1941.

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In this paper, two types of carboxymethyl cellulose samples (CMCe and CMCm), which served as stabilizer to improve the taste and the shelf life of milk beverage, were prepared at different bath ratio and reaction media system. The influencing factors of samples’ discrepancy structure with the ways of preparation were invested. After this, its application basic properties of the samples were searched in milk beverage. The macromolecule structure and morphologies and application performances were analyzed by NMR and SEM. The effect of molecular structures and their acid salt tolerance property of two CMC on milk beverage such as sedimentation ratio and stability of milk micelle were also investigated. The results showed that the distribution of the CH2COO- group on anhydroglucose unit (AGU) of CMCe obtained at low bath ratio in ethanol was C2> C6> C3, whereas C6＞C2＞C3 which showed the highest substitution in C6 position, was observed in CMCm prepared in mixed isopropanol and ethanol at high bath ratio. In comparison with CMCe at same viscosity, the CMCm showed higher ratio of acidity to viscosity (AVR), higher temperature resistance, lower precipitation ratio (AVR) and better stability. As shown in SEM image of treated milk powder made from milk beverager, the structure of milk protein with CMCm formed continuous network and homogeneous morphology. However the structure of milk protein with CMCe showed tendency of aggregation.

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Tang, Hang-Jun, Yang-Rong Xu, Xiao-Hui Wang, Feng-Lan Zhao, and Qing-Guo Meng. "The crystal structure of 5-bromo-2-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine, C7H6BrN5." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 235, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2019-0442.

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AbstractC7H6BrN5, orthorhombic, Acam (no. 64; unconventional setting of Cmce formerly known as Cmca), a = 12.3735(8) Å, b = 20.8690(11) Å, c = 6.8385(6) Å, V = 1765.9(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0471, wRref(F2) = 0.1152, T = 293(2) K.

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Ngoie, Wighens I., Pamela J. Welz, Daniel Ikhu-Omoregbe, and Oluwaseun O. Oyekola. "Heterogeneous Nanomagnetic Catalyst from Cupriferous Mineral Processing Gangue for the Production of Biodiesel." Catalysts 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9121047.

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The commercialisation of biodiesel as an alternative energy source is challenged by high production costs. The cost of feedstock, catalyst and separation of the dissolved catalyst (homogeneous catalyst) from the product are the major contributors to the total manufacturing cost of biodiesel. This study investigated the potential of a heterogeneous catalyst produced from mineral processing waste for biodiesel production. Tailings from the concentration of cupriferous minerals served as the starting material for synthesis of the catalyst. The nanomagnetic catalysts were prepared using co-precipitation (CMCO) and sol-gel (CMSG) methods, combined with zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINPs) to form a hydride catalyst (CMSG/ZVINPs). Catalyst properties were assessed using SEM, TEM, BET and EDX. The catalyst activity was enhanced by a large number of basic sites that were afforded by the presence of calcite and magnesite. Good surface areas and particle sizes of 58.9 m2/g and 15.4 nm, and 52.6 m2/g and 16.9 nm were observed for the catalysts that were prepared using the CMSG and CMCO methods, respectively. 173 emu/g mass magnetisation was obtained for CMSG/ZVINPs, which was sufficient for the catalyst to be regenerated and reused for biodiesel production by exploiting the magnetic properties. The maximum yield obtained with this catalyst was 88% and an average of 27% decrease in biodiesel yield was observed after four reaction cycles. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel produced complied with the ASTM standard specification. The results showed that mineral processing tailings are a viable starting material for catalyst preparation in biodiesel production.

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Teshigawara, K., S. Takahashi, T. Boswell, Q. Li, S. Tanaka, and S. Takeuchi. "Identification of avian alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the eye: temporal and spatial regulation of expression in the developing chicken." Journal of Endocrinology 168, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1680527.

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The presence and possible physiological roles of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the peripheral tissues of birds have not been established. By a combination of RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have examined alpha-MSH expression in the eye of the chicken during development. In the 1-day-old chick, alpha-MSH was expressed in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and also at a lower level in the cone cells. The melanocortin receptor subtypes, CMC1, CMC4 and CMC5, were expressed in the layers of the choroid and the neural retina, but not in the RPE cells. It is probable that the RPE cells secrete alpha-MSH to exert paracrine effects on the choroid and neural retina. During embryonic development, alpha-MSH immunoreactivity in the RPE cells was initially detected at embryonic day 10, and increased in intensity as development proceeded. No cone cells were stained with anti-alpha-MSH antiserum in any of the embryonic stages tested. The immunoreactivities for two prohormone convertases, PC1 and PC2, were co-localized to the RPE cells with a pattern of staining similar to that of alpha-MSH. Despite containing alpha-MSH immunoreactivity, the RPE cells in 1-day-old chicks expressed no immunoreactivity for the endoproteases. Furthermore, in a 3-day-old chick, pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA was detectable by in situ hybridization only in the photoreceptor layer and not in the RPE cells. These results suggest that the RPE cells and the cone cells are intraocular sources of alpha-MSH in the embryonic and postnatal life of the chicken respectively. Embryonic expression of alpha-MSH in the RPE cells implies a possible role for the peptide in ocular development.

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Enguita, Francisco J., Juan Jose R. Coque, Paloma Liras, and Juan F. Martin. "The Nine Genes of the Nocardia lactamdurans Cephamycin Cluster Are Transcribed into Large mRNAs from Three Promoters, Two of Them Located in a Bidirectional Promoter Region." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 20 (October 15, 1998): 5489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.20.5489-5494.1998.

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ABSTRACT The nine biosynthesis genes of the Nocardia lactamdurans cephamycin cluster are expressed as three different mRNAs initiating at promoters latp, cefDp, andpcbABp, as shown by low-resolution S1 nuclease protection assays and Northern blotting analysis. Bidirectional expression occurred from divergent promoters (latp andcefDp) located in a 629-bp intergenic region that contains three heptameric direct repeats similar to those recognized by members of the SARP (Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins) family. The lat gene is transcribed in a single monocistronic transcript initiating at latp. A second unusually long polycistronic mRNA (more than 16 kb) corresponding to six biosynthesis genes (pcbAB, pcbC,cmcI, cmcJ, cefF, andcmcH) started at pcbABp. A third polycistronic mRNA corresponding to the cefD and cefE genes started at cefDp.

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Tantala, J., C. Rachtanapun, and Pornchai Rachtanapun. "Effect of Molecular Sizes, Sources of Chitosan and Plasticizer Types on Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.611.

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Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) from two molecular sizes (oligomer and polymer) and three different sources (shrimp, crab and squid) of chitosan were prepared by carboxymethylation reaction. The CMCH films were cast and their mechanical properties. For molecular sizes, the polymer CMCH films showed higher %elongation (%E) than those of oligomer CMCH films but had no effect on tensile strength (TS). The crab polymer CMCH films showed the highest TS. The different sources of chitosan had no influence on %E of CMCH films. The effect of plasticizers [glycerol (Gly), sorbitol (Sor) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG)] on mechanical properties of CMCH films was also investigated. Additions of Gly and Sor into films increased %E and reduced TS of CMCH films; however, films plasticizing with PEG showed no significant difference in mechanical properties. The crab CMCH films were selected to determine water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) at 25°C and 65%RH. The crab oligomer CMCH films showed higher WVTR than those of crab polymer CMCH films. Addition of Sor as plasticizer decreased WVTR of crab polymer and oligomer CMCH films whereas WVTR of films with Gly depended on molecular sizes of chitosan. Addition of PEG had no effect on WVTR of CMCH films.

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Jippo, T., H. Ushio, S. Hirota, H. Mizuno, A. Yamatodani, S. Nomura, H. Matsuda, and Y. Kitamura. "Poor response of cultured mast cells derived from mi/mi mutant mice to nerve growth factor." Blood 84, no. 9 (November 1, 1994): 2977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.9.2977.2977.

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Abstract Decreased numbers of mast cells and abnormalities in the phenotype of mast cells are observed in the skin of mi/mi mutant mice. Recently, the mi locus was identified to encode a novel member of the basic-helix- loop-helix-leucine zipper protein family of transcription factors. Since nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to influence the proliferation and the phenotype of cultured mast cells (CMCs), we compared the effect of NGF between mi/mi and control normal (+/+) CMCs. Addition of NGF to the suboptimal dose of recombinant murine interleukin-3 (rmIL-3) increased the plating efficiency of +/+ CMCs, but not of mi/mi CMCs. Although +/+ CMCs were berberine sulfate- negative when cultured with rmIL-3 alone, +/+ CMCs became berberine sulfate-positive when cultured in the presence of both rmIL-3 and NGF, which suggests increased heparin content. In contrast, NGF did not influence the phenotype of mi/mi CMCs. +/+ CMCs significantly bound 125I-NGF, but mi/mi CMCs did not, which suggests a defect of NGF receptors in mi/mi CMCs. Both p75 and p140 molecules are known to be involved in the formation of NGF receptors. Although the expression of p140 messenger (m)RNA was comparable between +/+ and mi/mi CMCs, the expression of p75 mRNA was significantly lower in mi/mi CMCs than in +/+ CMCs. Taken together, the poor response of mi/mi CMCs to NGF appeared to be attributable to the impaired transcription of the p75 gene.

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Jippo, T., H. Ushio, S. Hirota, H. Mizuno, A. Yamatodani, S. Nomura, H. Matsuda, and Y. Kitamura. "Poor response of cultured mast cells derived from mi/mi mutant mice to nerve growth factor." Blood 84, no. 9 (November 1, 1994): 2977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.9.2977.bloodjournal8492977.

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Decreased numbers of mast cells and abnormalities in the phenotype of mast cells are observed in the skin of mi/mi mutant mice. Recently, the mi locus was identified to encode a novel member of the basic-helix- loop-helix-leucine zipper protein family of transcription factors. Since nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to influence the proliferation and the phenotype of cultured mast cells (CMCs), we compared the effect of NGF between mi/mi and control normal (+/+) CMCs. Addition of NGF to the suboptimal dose of recombinant murine interleukin-3 (rmIL-3) increased the plating efficiency of +/+ CMCs, but not of mi/mi CMCs. Although +/+ CMCs were berberine sulfate- negative when cultured with rmIL-3 alone, +/+ CMCs became berberine sulfate-positive when cultured in the presence of both rmIL-3 and NGF, which suggests increased heparin content. In contrast, NGF did not influence the phenotype of mi/mi CMCs. +/+ CMCs significantly bound 125I-NGF, but mi/mi CMCs did not, which suggests a defect of NGF receptors in mi/mi CMCs. Both p75 and p140 molecules are known to be involved in the formation of NGF receptors. Although the expression of p140 messenger (m)RNA was comparable between +/+ and mi/mi CMCs, the expression of p75 mRNA was significantly lower in mi/mi CMCs than in +/+ CMCs. Taken together, the poor response of mi/mi CMCs to NGF appeared to be attributable to the impaired transcription of the p75 gene.

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Masuda, Shingo, Yusuke Yoshihara, Kazuaki Muramatsu, and Izumi Wakebe. "Repairing of Osteochondral Defects in Joint Using Beta-TCP/ Carboxymethyl Chitin Composite." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.791.

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Beta-tricalcium phosphate/carboxymethyl chitin composites [TCP/CMCh] of various ratios of TCP granules and CMCh were made and their mechanical properties, handling properties and repair performance for bone defects and for osteochondral defects were investigated. Water pooling ratio of CMCh was approximately 40 times the weight itself. TCP/CMCh of a higher TCP ratio had higher stress at 50%-strain. The stress at 50%-strain of TCP/CMCh with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 TCP ratios was 0.12, 0.51, 1.08, 1.46, 1.67 (MPa, n=5), respectively. The TCP/CMCh with 5.0 TCP ratios had the best total scores in handling tests. The bone repair rate of TCP/CMCh was TCP ratio 2.5< Blank= TCP ratio 7.5< TCP ratio 5.0. In the implantation test for osteochondral defects, TCP/CMCh was completely absorbed at four weeks after surgery. Regeneration of the articular cartilage was seen with TCP/CMCh and HA/CMCh but not with TCP granules, which remained eight weeks after implantation. The regenerated articular cartilage had remained 32 weeks after implantation. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that this TCP/CMCh composite was a promising material for repairing osteochondral defects.

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Wang, Yong Zhou, Hong Xing Gui, Tao Chen, Hong Hai Huang, Fu Quan Zhang, and Ri Zhong Zeng. "Effect of CMCS on Vulcanization Kinetics of Natural Rubber." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1214.

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In this work, effect of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber was studied using the Rheometer MDR2000.The results showed that both the rate constants of induction period and curing period of natural rubber (K-N) was greater than that of natural rubber added CMCS and the dosage is 0.05% of fresh latex (CMCS-1), but less than that of natural rubber added CMCS and the dosage is 0.1% of fresh latex (CMCS-2), and the activation energy 100.8kJ/mol of induction period of K-N is greater than the activation energy 96.7kJ/mol, 93.7kJ/mol of induction period of CMCS-1, CMCS-2, respectively and that the activation energy 104.4 kJ/mol of curing period of K-N is less than the activation energy111.9kJ/mol of curing period of CMCS-1, and bigger than the activation energy 103.4 of CMCS-2 at the same temperature.

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Lim, Ming K., Weiqing Xiong, and Zhimei Lei. "Theory, supporting technology and application analysis of cloud manufacturing: a systematic and comprehensive literature review." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 8 (July 7, 2020): 1585–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-10-2019-0570.

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PurposeCloud manufacturing (CMfg) is a networked manufacturing mode that promotes the agile, service-oriented, green and intelligent development of the manufacturing industry. Although some scholars have reviewed related studies of CMfg from multiple perspectives, these reviews are not fully systematic or well justified and fail to fully reveal the key characteristics in the development process of CMfg. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the relevant research on CMfg via identification of key characteristics of definition, architecture, supporting technology and application of CMfg to provide critical information in decision support for the innovation and development of CMfg.Design/methodology/approachThis study systematically reviews the relevant research on CMfg across theoretical methods to technical applications by integrating quantitative and qualitative methods. Word cloud method is used to quantitatively analyse the structure and feature of different definitions of CMfg. The principle of System Science is used to explore the basic components and functions of various CMfg architectures and their common and differing characteristics. A multi-level technology framework is developed to explore the development status of CMfg supporting technologies. A multi-stage application classification is proposed to reveal the application status of CMfg.FindingsThrough literature review, this study found that CMfg architecture is currently dominated by general architectures and lacks architectures that fit the actual enterprise characteristics; CMfg supporting technology is mature in the traditional cloud computing-based technology, but it is still weak in the development of virtualization and servitization technology, service scheduling technology; CMfg application is still in the initial stage and still lacks a relatively complete system application. By analysing the development status of CMfg, this study also identified potential research directions of CMfg in information management, service composition and evaluation, system application and sustainable development and other aspects.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper predominantly focuses on journal articles and some key conference papers published in English and Chinese. Chinese articles account for more than half of the total. The reason is that CMfg was proposed by the Chinese and CMfg is suitable for the development of China's manufacturing industry because of China's intelligent manufacturing environment. It is believed that this research has reached a reliable comprehensiveness that can help scholars and practitioners establish new research directions and evaluate their work in CMfg.Originality/valuePrior literature reviews ignore the identification and analysis of key feature identification for the current development of CMfg, including common and unique feature identification of different CMfg architectures and functions, multi-layer analysis and interpretation of CMfg technology and different stage analysis of CMfg applications. This study addresses these limitations and provides a comprehensive literature review.

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Chaiwong, Nareekan, Pimporn Leelapornpisid, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong, Pornchai Rachtanapun, Phisit Seesuriyachan, Vinyoo Sakdatorn, Noppol Leksawasdi, and Yuthana Phimolsiripol. "Antioxidant and Moisturizing Properties of Carboxymethyl Chitosan with Different Molecular Weights." Polymers 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071445.

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This research aimed to synthesize carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) from different molecular weights of chitosan including low MW (L, 50–190 kDa), medium MW (M, 210–300 kDa) and high MW (H, 310–375 kDa) on the antioxidant and moisturizing properties. The L-CMCH, M-CMCH and H-CMCH improved the water solubility by about 96%, 90% and 89%, respectively when compared to native chitosan. Higher MW resulted in more viscous of CMCH. For antioxidant properties, IC50 values of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity for L-CMCH were 1.70 and 1.37 mg/mL, respectively. The L-CMCH had higher antioxidant properties by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay and FRAP. The moisturizing properties on pig skin using a Corneometer® showed that 0.5% H-CMCH significantly presented (p ≤ 0.05) greater moisturizing effect than that of untreated-skin, distilled water, propylene glycol and pure chitosan from three molecular weights.

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Wang, Yong Zhou, Hong Hai Huang, Hong Xing Gui, Tao Chen, Fu Quan Zhang, and Ri Zhong Zeng. "Effect of CMCS on Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.606.

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The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) as preservation on cure characteristics of nature rubber (NR) was studied, which compared with NR using ammonia water as preservative agent. The results showed that the induction period and optimum cure time of sample N (Ammonia water dosage is 0.15% of the mass of fresh latex), CMCS-1(CMCS dosage is 0.05% of the mass of fresh latex) and CMCS-2(CMCS dosage is 0.1% of the mass of fresh latex) were obviously decreased with the increasing of temperature, corresponding to Arrhenius equation perfectly. The maximum torque was linear dependence on curing temperature and decreased with the increasing of curing temperature. The relation of MH0 were as follows: N>CMCS-1>CMCS-2, respectively.

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Horn, Darryl, Wen Zhou, Eva Trevisson, Hassan Al-Ali, Thomas K. Harris, Leonardo Salviati, and Antoni Barrientos. "The Conserved Mitochondrial Twin Cx9C Protein Cmc2 Is a Cmc1 Homologue Essential for Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, no. 20 (March 10, 2010): 15088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.104786.

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Jung, Byung Ok, Sang Bong Lee, and Jae Sik Na. "Hydrogel Composed of Chitosan and Cyclodextrin and Evaluation of its Antioxidant Activity." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.705.

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The hydrogels composed of chitosan and carboxylmethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD) were prepared to enhance and sustain the antioxidant activities. The carboxylic groups of CMCD were directly grafted and cross-linked on the amino groups of chitosan. The swelling rate decreased with increasing the CMCD contents in the hydrogel and the swelling ratio of CMCD-grafted chitosan hydrogels was improved due to breaking the crystallinity of chitosan caused by introducing the bulky group such as cyclodextrin. The scavenging activity of the tested hydrogels increased with CMCD contents, because antioxidants entrapped in the CMCD were potent free radical terminators.

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Zhang, Xiaojuan, Wenbin Cai, Lingyun Hao, and Wei Zhang. "In Situ Preparation and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Cyanidin Hydrogel Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7510573.

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This study synthesized poly(vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl chitosan/cyanidin (PVA/CMCS/CY) hydrogel films. First, PVA and CMCS were used to synthesize hydrogel films by ultraviolet irradiation. Meanwhile, CY was in situ combined into the hydrogel films through the electrostatic attraction between CMCS and CY. Next, the products were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test, swelling analysis, and mechanical property test. The results revealed that compared with PVA/CMCS hydrogel films, the PVA/CMCS/CY hydrogel films had an interporous structure and good swelling and mechanical properties. Moreover, the drug release experiments demonstrated that the PVA/CMCS/CY hydrogel films had a CY encapsulation efficiency of 33.5% with a sustained CY release of up to 60 h. Furthermore, the examined antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that the porous PVA/CMCS/CY hydrogel films exhibited a certain inhibition. Cell viability experiments demonstrated that the PVA/CMCS/CY films displayed no obvious cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

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Chen, Ming Wei, Hai Peng Qiu, Jian Jiao, Xiu Qian Li, Yu Wang, and Hao Zou. "Preparation and Characterization of SiC/SiC Micro Ceramic Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.170.

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SiC continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCf/SiC CMCs) and SiC fiber reinforced SiC micro ceramic matrix composites (SiCf/SiC micro-CMCs) were prepared through polymer impregnation pyrolysis (PIP) progress, then the structures, mechanical properties and forming mechanisms of SiCf/SiC CMCs were investigated. Results showed that volume shrinkage of SiC matrix occurred, and pyrolysates with bamboo-like layered structure were attached to the surface of SiC multifilament gradually. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC micro-CMCs were consistent with SiCf/SiC CMCs, so the PIP process parameters for the preparation of SiCf/SiC CMC might be optimized primarily through SiCf/SiC micro-CMCs, which could enhance the design and preparation efficiency of SiCf/SiC CMCs obviously.Key word: polymer impregnation pyrolysis progress, micro ceramic matrix composites, forming mechanism

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23

Fujita, J., H. Nakayama, H. Onoue, Y. Ebi, Y. Kanakura, A. Kuriu, and Y. Kitamura. "Failure of W/Wv mouse-derived cultured mast cells to enter S phase upon contact with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts." Blood 72, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.2.463.463.

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Abstract Although W/Wv mutant mice are profoundly deficient in tissue mast cells, these mice do have cells with similar features of mast cells that develop from their bone marrow cells as efficiently as those from congenic +/+ mice in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell- conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). With cultured mast cells (CMCs), we analyzed the mechanism of mast-cell deficiency in tissues of W/Wv mice. CMCs were established from bone marrow cells of W/Wv and congenic +/+ mice with PWM-SCM, and then co-cultured with various mouse fibroblast cell lines without PWM-SCM. All the examined mouse embryo-derived fibroblast cell lines maintained CMCs derived from +/+ mice, but not CMCs from W/Wv mice, for greater than 2 weeks. Mast cells in S phase were observed only in CMCs derived from +/+ mice under these conditions. The poor survival of W/Wv CMCs as compared with +/+ CMCs was not owing to a differential death rate but to the inability of W/Wv CMCs to continue active proliferation on fibroblasts without PWM-SCM. By synchronizing CMCs at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the defect in W/Wv CMCs was further characterized as a failure to transit G1 and enter the S phase upon contact with fibroblasts. This finding indicates the indispensable function of the W gene product(s) for this response.

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Fujita, J., H. Nakayama, H. Onoue, Y. Ebi, Y. Kanakura, A. Kuriu, and Y. Kitamura. "Failure of W/Wv mouse-derived cultured mast cells to enter S phase upon contact with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts." Blood 72, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.2.463.bloodjournal722463.

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Although W/Wv mutant mice are profoundly deficient in tissue mast cells, these mice do have cells with similar features of mast cells that develop from their bone marrow cells as efficiently as those from congenic +/+ mice in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell- conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). With cultured mast cells (CMCs), we analyzed the mechanism of mast-cell deficiency in tissues of W/Wv mice. CMCs were established from bone marrow cells of W/Wv and congenic +/+ mice with PWM-SCM, and then co-cultured with various mouse fibroblast cell lines without PWM-SCM. All the examined mouse embryo-derived fibroblast cell lines maintained CMCs derived from +/+ mice, but not CMCs from W/Wv mice, for greater than 2 weeks. Mast cells in S phase were observed only in CMCs derived from +/+ mice under these conditions. The poor survival of W/Wv CMCs as compared with +/+ CMCs was not owing to a differential death rate but to the inability of W/Wv CMCs to continue active proliferation on fibroblasts without PWM-SCM. By synchronizing CMCs at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the defect in W/Wv CMCs was further characterized as a failure to transit G1 and enter the S phase upon contact with fibroblasts. This finding indicates the indispensable function of the W gene product(s) for this response.

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25

Rachtanapun, Pornchai, M. Jakkaew, and R. Suriyatem. "Characterization of Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films from Various Sources and Molecular Sizes." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.417.

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Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) from different sources (shrimp, crab and squid) and molecular sizes (polymer and oligomer) was synthesizedviacarboxymethylation with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) under alkaline condition. Next, chitosan and CMCH films were prepared and their properties were studied. Crystallinity, mechanical properties [tensile strength (TS) and percent elongation at break (EB)], water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and color change were investigated. The crystallinity and TS value of each CMCH film was less than that of chitosan. The highest TS (28.6 MPa) was provided by chitosan film from crab oligomer (CO). The CMCH films from various types displayed the higher EB value comparing with those of chitosan films. The CMCH film from shrimp polymer (SP) exhibited the highest EB value (44%). The WVTR of each CMCH films were interestingly lower than that of chitosan, and the lowest value was obtained by the CMCH film from crab oligomer (CO) (15 g/m2day1). The CMCH films showed higher color L* and a* value but lower b* value comparing with those of chitosan films from the same type.

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26

Zhou, Liang, Pinyi Chen, Ling Liu, Yanqi Zhang, Xiaoyu Liu, Yazhou Wu, Lei Jiang, et al. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Migraines." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 05 (January 2013): 1011–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x13500687.

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Migraine is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent moderate to severe headaches often in association with a number of autonomic nervous system symptoms. It is a common disease and incidence has increased yearly. Chinese medical treatments are popularly used in Asian countries, although they vary in effectiveness. In this study, we applied a systematic review method and combined meta-regression with meta-subgroup analysis to explore heterogeneity of clinical therapeutic efficacy upon meta-analysis of randomized controlled Chinese medical treatments for migraine. We also aimed to provide a more effective Chinese prescription and to advance the knowledge in evaluating validity of preventing or alleviating migraine symptoms with Chinese medical treatments. Twenty randomized migraine control trails, including 2246 patients, were collected from online databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL of Cochrane Library, CBM, integrated version of CMCI/CMCC, TCM online, CDFD, and CMFD from January 2000 to December 2011. The results showed that the major factors influencing therapeutic efficacy were either the specific medicine form of or its prescription type (p < 0.05). The use of TCM decoctions, especially those that condition the viscera, treat from the perspective of "wind", and target the Shaoyang gateway, could be the best migraine treatment in clinical TCM practice (RR > 1.30).

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Dingli, David, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Q. Lacy, Suzanne R. Hayman, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Philip R. Greipp, et al. "Flow cytometric detection of circulating myeloma cells before transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: a simple risk stratification system." Blood 107, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 3384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-08-3398.

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Abstract Detection of circulating myeloma cells (CMCs) by flow cytometry in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) indicates active disease. We hypothesized that detection of CMCs at the time of stem-cell collection prior to autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) identifies patients at high risk of rapid progression. A cohort of patients undergoing ASCT was identified. CMCs were determined by gating on CD38+/CD45- cells using flow cytometry. The impact of CMCs on overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) was evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Of 246 patients undergoing ASCT, 95 had CMCs. Complete response (CR) rates after transplantation were 32% and 36% for patients with and without CMCs, respectively (P = .50). OSs were 33.2 and 58.6 months (P = .01) whereas TTPs were 14.1 and 22 months, respectively (P = .001). On multivariate analysis, CMCs remained independent of cytogenetics and disease status at time of transplantation (P = .03). CMCs and cytogenetics were combined in a new scoring system. Patients with neither, one, or both parameters had a median OS of 55, 48, and 21.5 months and a median TTP of 22, 15.4, and 6.5 months, respectively. CMCs at the time of ASCT is an independent prognostic factor and in combination with cytogenetics provides a powerful scoring system that stratifies patients and guides management.

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Kamthai, S., and Rathanawan Magaraphan. "Influence of Bagasse Carboxymethyl Cellulose Addition on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA Composites." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.157.

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According to the availability of bagasse waste and increasing environmental concern, this research is focused on the preparation of polylactic acid (PLA)/bagasse carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCB) composite in order to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/CMCB film. PLA were mixed with CMCB at different ratios (1, 2, 4 and 8%, w/w of PLA), by kneading in two roll mills and then hot pressing into film. The results revealed that the addition of CMCB had significant effects on PLA composites properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement indicated that the presence of CMCB accelerated the reduction of glass transition, and melting temperatures. Moreover the CMCB could improve the storage modulus of PLA composites at high temperature because its cold crystallization was developed. At room temperature, the tensile strength and elongation of PLA composite (but not modulus) were not significantly different with an increase of CMCB contents.

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29

Ito, Akihiko, Tomoko Jippo, Tomohiko Wakayama, Eiichi Morii, Yu-ichiro Koma, Hiroaki Onda, Hiroshi Nojima, Shoichi Iseki, and Yukihiko Kitamura. "SgIGSF: a new mast-cell adhesion molecule used for attachment to fibroblasts and transcriptionally regulated by MITF." Blood 101, no. 7 (April 1, 2003): 2601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-07-2265.

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Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper-type transcription factor. The mutant mi and Miwh alleles encode MITFs with deletion and alteration of a single amino acid, respectively, whereas the tg is a null mutation. In coculture with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, the numbers of cultured mast cells (CMCs) derived from C57BL/6 (B6)mi/mi, B6Miwh/Miwh, and B6tg/tg mice that adhered to NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were one third as large as the number of B6+/+CMCs that adhered to NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. From a cDNA library of B6+/+ CMCs, we subtracted messenger RNAs expressed by B6mi/mi CMCs and found a clone encoding SgIGSF, a recently identified member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that SgIGSF was expressed in B6+/+ CMCs but not in CMCs derived from MITF mutants. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that SgIGSF localized to the cell-to-cell contact areas between B6+/+ CMCs and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Transfection of B6mi/mi and B6tg/tg CMCs with SgIGSF cDNA normalized their adhesion to NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts did not express SgIGSF, indicating that SgIGSF acts as a heterophilic adhesion molecule. Transfection of B6tg/tg CMCs with normal MITF cDNA elevated their SgIGSF expression to normal levels. These results indicated that SgIGSF mediated the adhesion of CMCs to fibroblasts and that the transcription of SgIGSF was critically regulated by MITF.

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Aretoulis, Georgios N., Glykeria P. Kalfakakou, and Aikaterini A. Seridou. "Project Managers' Profile Influence on Design and Implementation of Cost Monitoring and Control Systems for Construction Projects." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 6, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.2015070101.

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“Cost Monitoring and Control Systems” (CMCS), are important for every construction project, in order to keep cost at completion, within budget. Uniqueness of every project requires a corresponding uniquely planned, organized and operating CMCS. Perception and realization of content and context of the CMCS are affected by experience and knowledge of the project manager (PM). This paper examines the influence of PMs' stereotypes on the CMCS. A prototype questionnaire was designed and a following survey took place. Statistical analysis highlighted several PMs' properties and conceptions that correlate with the setup and implementation of the CMCS.

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Luo, Yong Liang, Lin Zhang, Dong Jing He, Lei Ren, and Fei Tao. "Study on Multi-View Model for Cloud Manufacturing." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.685.

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Cloud manufacturing (CMfg) is a new service-oriented, highly efficient, lowly consumption knowledge based, and intelligent networked manufacturing model. It aims to provide theoretical and technical supports for the transformation from production-oriented manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing [1]. In order to further analyze the connotation and characteristics of CMfg, multi-view models for CMfg are investigated based on [1] and [2] in this paper. The first is the network view model, which describes four kinds of network involved in the running process of CMfg system; the second is the function view model, which describes the functional subsystems of CMfg; the third is the running view model, which represents the running process after a requirement is submitted to CMfg system.

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Tao, Fei, Ying Cheng, Lin Zhang, Yong Liang Luo, and Lei Ren. "Cloud Manufacturing." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.672.

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The concept of cloud manufacturing (CMfg) is discussed, as well as its core enabling technologies. A seven-phases running mode for CMfg was proposed, and the related inputs, enabling technologies and tools, knowledge and algorithm repositories, and intermediate products and results for each phase are described in detail. Two kinds of CMfg service platforms, i.e., private and public CMfg service platforms are analyzed.

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Sun, Jianyu, Longli Bo, Li Yang, Xinxin Liang, and Xuejiao Hu. "A carbon nanodot modified Cu–Mn–Ce/ZSM catalyst for the enhanced microwave-assisted degradation of gaseous toluene." RSC Adv. 4, no. 28 (2014): 14385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra47814a.

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Toluene waste gas was treated with a carbon nanodot (CND) modified Cu–Mn–Ce/ZSM catalyst (CND–CMCZ) and a Cu–Mn–Ce/ZSM catalyst (CMCZ) respectively by a fixed bed under microwave irradiation. 75% of the gaseous toluene was degraded by the CND–CMCZ catalyst within 80 min at 150 °C, which was almost 1.9 times that of the CMCZ catalyst.

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Morii, Eiichi, Hideki Ogihara, Keisuke Oboki, Tatsuki R. Kataoka, Kazutaka Maeyama, David E. Fisher, M. Lynn Lamoreux, and Yukihiko Kitamura. "Effect of a large deletion of the basic domain of mitranscription factor on differentiation of mast cells." Blood 98, no. 8 (October 15, 2001): 2577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.8.2577.

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Abstract The mi transcription factor (MITF) is a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factor that is important for the development of mast cells. Cultured mast cells (CMCs) of mi/mi genotype express abnormal MITF (mi-MITF), but CMCs of tg/tg genotype do not express any MITFs. It was previously reported thatmi/mi CMCs showed more severe abnormalities thantg/tg CMCs, indicating that mi-MITF had inhibitory function. Whereas mi-MITF contains a single amino acid deletion in the basic domain, MITF encoded bymiewallele (ew-MITF) deletes 16 of 21 amino acids of the basic domain. Here the effect of a large deletion of the basic domain was examined. Inmiew/miew CMCs, the expression pattern of genes whose transcription was affected by MITF was comparable to that of tg/tg CMCs rather than to that ofmi/mi CMCs. This suggested that ew-MITF lacked any functions. The part of the basic domain deleted inew-MITF appeared necessary for either transactivation or inhibition of transactivation.

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Han, Lijie, Ying Chen, Jie Niu, Lihua Peng, Zhengwei Mao, and Changyou Gao. "Encapsulation of a photosensitizer into cell membrane capsules for photodynamic therapy." RSC Advances 6, no. 43 (2016): 37212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07480d.

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CMCs were used to encapsulate MB (CMCs@MB) using temporary permeation of the plasma membrane and resealing. Encapsulation in the CMCs leads to sustained release of MB with enhanced stability against enzymatic reduction and reduced toxicity.

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Ito, Akihiko, Eiichi Morii, Dae-Ki Kim, Tatsuki R. Kataoka, Tomoko Jippo, Kazutaka Maeyama, Hiroshi Nojima, and Yukihiko Kitamura. "Inhibitory Effect of the Transcription Factor Encoded by themi Mutant Allele in Cultured Mast Cells of Mice." Blood 93, no. 4 (February 15, 1999): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.4.1189.404k32_1189_1196.

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The mi locus of mice encodes a transcription factor of the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein family (MITF). The MITF encoded by the mutant mi allele (mi-MITF) deletes 1 of 4 consecutive arginines in the basic domain. The mice of mi/migenotype express mi-MITF, whereas the mice of tg/tggenotype have a transgene at the 5′ flanking region of themi gene and do not express any MITF. To investigate the function of mi-MITF in cultured mast cells (CMCs), we took two approaches. First, mRNA obtained from mi/mi CMCs ortg/tg CMCs was subtracted from complementary (c) DNA library of normal (+/+) CMCs, and the (+/+-mi/mi) and (+/+-tg/tg) subtraction libraries were obtained. When the number of clones that hybridized more efficiently with +/+ CMC cDNA probe than with mi/mi or tg/tg CMC cDNA probe was compared using Southern analysis, the number was larger in the (+/+-mi/mi) library than in the (+/+-tg/tg) library. Second, we compared mRNA expression of six genes betweenmi/mi and tg/tg CMCs by Northern analysis. The transcription of three genes encoding mouse mast cell proteases was impaired in both mi/mi and tg/tg CMCs. On the other hand, the transcription of three genes encoding c-kit receptor, tryptophan hydroxylase, and granzyme B was markedly reduced inmi/mi CMCs, but the reduction was significantly smaller intg/tg CMCs. These results indicated the inhibitory effect ofmi-MITF on the transactivation of particular genes in CMCs.

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Ratmono, Tugas, Andi Wijaya, Cahyono Kaelan, Andi Asadul Islam, and Ferry Sandra. "Measurement of Motor Evoked Potential in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Based on Latency, Amplitude, Central Motoric Conduction Time and Resting Motor Threshold." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v8i3.208.

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BACKGROUND: After stroke, there are dynamic changes of motor evoked potential (MEP), including latency, amplitude, central motoric conduction time (CMCT) and resting motor threshold (RMT) in cerebral. However, latency, CMCT, amplitude and RMT have not been clearly shown in acute ischemic stroke patients with motoric function impairment based on Modified Motoric Research Council Scale (MRCs).METHODS: Patients with motoric function impairment after acute ischemic stroke were recruited, scored based on MRCs and grouped. Latency, amplitude, CMCT and RMT (% intensity) was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Latency, amplitude, CMCT and RMT of subjects based on affected hemisphere (AH) and unaffected hemisphere (UH); stroke onset; and motoric severity; were analyzed and compared statistically.RESULTS: Thirty-seven subjects with complete assessments were selected. Results of MEP size measurement between AH and UH showed that latency, amplitude, CMCT and RMT of AH and UH were significantly different (p<0.05). In accordance to AH and UH results, latency, amplitude, CMCT and RMT of mild, moderate and severe groups based on motoric severity, showed that latency and CMCT were prolonged, RMT was increased, while amplitude was decreased along with severity increment. The amplitude and RMT among the groups were significantly different with p=0.034 and p=0.029, respectively.CONCLUSION: MEP size measurement including latency, amplitude, CMCT and RMT have significant different in AH and UH. In addition, amplitude and RMT were significantly different in MRCs groups, therefore the MEP size measurement could be suggested as prognostic tool.KEYWORDS: MEP, latency, amplitude, CMCT, RMT

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Li, Qi, Wenqian Wang, Gaowei Hu, Xianlan Cui, Dejun Sun, Zheng Jin, and Kai Zhao. "Evaluation of Chitosan Derivatives Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Delivery Carrier." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092490.

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Chitosan is a non-toxic biological material, but chitosan is insoluble in water, which hinders the development and utilization of chitosan. Chitosan derivatives N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (N-2-HACC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) with good water solubility were synthesized by our laboratory. In this study, we synthesized mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles by the emulsion, and then the mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles were modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to synthesize aminated mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles; CMCS and N-2-HACC was used to cross-link the aminated mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles to construct SiO2@CMCS-N-2-HACC nanoparticles. Because the aminated mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles with positively charged can react with the mucous membranes, the virus enters the body mainly through mucous membranes, so Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was selected as the model drug to evaluate the performance of the SiO2@CMCS-N-2-HACC nanoparticles. We prepared the SiO2@CMCS-N-2-HACC nanoparticles loaded with inactivated NDV (NDV/SiO2@CMCS-N-2-HACC). The SiO2@CMCS-N-2-HACC nanoparticles as delivery carrier had high loading capacity, low cytotoxicity, good acid resistance and bile resistance and enteric solubility, and the structure of NDV protein encapsulated in the nano vaccine was not destroyed. In addition, the SiO2@CMCS-N-2-HACC nanoparticles could sustain slowly released NDV. Therefore, the SiO2@CMCS-N-2-HACC nanoparticles have the potential to be served as delivery vehicle for vaccine and/or drug.

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Chan, Kar Fei, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid, Md Shuhazlly Mamat, Shahira Liza, Masaki Tanemura, and Yazid Yaakob. "Recent Developments in Carbon Nanotubes-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites: A Review on Dispersion and Densification Techniques." Crystals 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050457.

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Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are well-established composites applied on commercial, laboratory, and even industrial scales, including pottery for decoration, glass–ceramics-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), commercial cooking utensils, high-temperature laboratory instruments, industrial catalytic reactors, and engine turbine blades. Despite the extensive applications of CMCs, researchers had to deal with their brittleness, low electrical conductivity, and low thermal properties. The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcement is an effective and efficient method to tailor the ceramic structure at the nanoscale, which provides considerable practicability in the fabrication of highly functional CMC materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of CNTs-reinforced CMC materials (CNTs-CMCs). We critically examined the notable challenges during the synthesis of CNTs-CMCs. Five CNT dispersion processes were elucidated with a comparative study of the established research for the homogeneity distribution in the CMCs and the enhanced properties. We also discussed the effect of densification techniques on the properties of CNTs-CMCs. Additionally, we synopsized the outstanding microstructural and functional properties of CNTs in the CNTs-CMCs, namely stimulated ceramic crystallization, high thermal conductivity, bandgap reduction, and improved mechanical toughness. We also addressed the fundamental insights for the future technological maturation and advancement of CNTs-CMCs.

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Zhang, Lan, Min Yan, Kun Chen, Qikang Tian, Junying Song, Zijuan Zhang, Zhishen Xie, et al. "Novel Carboxylated Chitosan-Based Triptolide Conjugate for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12030202.

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A new platform for triptolide (TP) delivery was prepared by conjugating TP to a carboxylmethyl chitosan (CMCS). Compared with the natural TP, the TP-conjugate (TP-CMCS) containing TP of ~5 wt% exhibited excellent aqueous solubility (>5 mg/mL). Results of in vitro experiments showed that TP-CMCS could relieve TP-induced inhibition on RAW264.7 cells and apoptosis, respectively. Compared with the TP group, TP-CMCS could effectively alleviate the toxicity injury of TP and decreased the mortality rate of the mice (p < 0.05). TP-CMCS did not cause much damage to the liver (AST and ALT) and kidney (BUN and CRE) (p < 0.05). After administration, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α decreased, and the arthritis detumescence percentages increased significantly, and the bony erosion degree was distinctly decreased in the TP-CMCS groups and TP group. Our results suggested that TP-CMCS was a useful carrier for the treatment of RA, which enhanced aqueous solubility of free TP and reduced drug toxicity in vitro and in vivo.

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Shao, L., J. J. Huang, Y. Yu, M. X. Li, T. Pu, S. D. Kan, and D. J. Chen. "Improvement of 7α -methoxycephalosporins production by overexpression of cmcJ and cmcI controlled by promoter ermEp * in Streptomyces clavuligerus." Journal of Applied Microbiology 117, no. 6 (October 14, 2014): 1645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12640.

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Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Naosuke Kamei, Ryo Ohta, Yuki Fujioka, Takeshi Hiramatsu, Satoshi Ujigo, and Mitsuo Ochi. "Electrophysiological evidence of functional improvement in the corticospinal tract after laminoplasty in patients with cervical compressive myelopathy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 2 (August 2014): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.4.spine13545.

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Object Cervical laminoplasty is a surgical procedure for cervical compressive myelopathy (CCM), and satisfactory outcomes have been reported. However, few reports have examined the pathophysiology of improvements in spinal cord function. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in central motor conduction time (CMCT) before and after cervical laminoplasty in patients with CCM. Methods Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) following transcranial magnetic stimulation and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and F-waves following electrical stimulation of the ulnar and tibial nerves at the wrist and ankle were measured from the abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM) and abductor hallucis muscle (AH) in 42 patients with CCM before and 1 year after cervical laminoplasty. The peripheral conduction time (PCT) was calculated as follows: (latency of CMAPs + latency of F-waves − 1)/2. The CMCT was calculated by subtracting the PCT from the onset latency of the MEPs. The CMCT recovery ratio was defined and calculated as the ratio of CMCT values 1 year after surgery to those before surgery. The CMCT data were analyzed as longer or shorter CMCT between the patients' right and left ADMs and AHs. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for cervical myelopathy was obtained as a clinical outcome before and 1 year after surgery. The recovery rate (RR) 1 year after surgery was calculated using the following formula: (postoperative JOA score 1 year after surgery – preoperative JOA score)/(17 – preoperative JOA score) × 100. Correlations among CMCT parameters, patient age, JOA score, and RR were determined. Results The longer and shorter CMCTs from the ADM (longer, p = 0.000; shorter, p = 0.008) and the longer CMCT from the AH (longer, p = 0.000) before surgery decreased significantly 1 year after surgery; the shorter CMCT from the AH did not significantly differ (shorter, p = 0.078). The mean JOA score before surgery was 10.1 ± 3.0 and improved significantly to 12.9 ± 2.7 at 1 year after surgery (p = 0.000). The mean CMCT recovery ratio and RR were 0.91 ± 0.18 and 0.43 ± 0.27, respectively. The longer/shorter CMCT parameters in the ADM and AH before or 1 year after surgery correlated significantly with the JOA score both before and 1 year after surgery. The CMCT recovery ratio from the longer CMCT in the ADM correlated significantly with the RR (r = − 3090, p = 0.011). There were no significant correlations between age and any CMCT parameters or CMCT recovery ratios. Conclusions These results suggest that cervical laminoplasty improves corticospinal tract function 1 year after surgery, which may be one of the reasons for the JOA score improvements in patients with CCM. The degree of improvement in corticospinal tract function did not correlate with patient age in this case series. The results demonstrated quantitative evidence of the pathophysiology of functional recovery in the corticospinal tract following cervical laminoplasty in patients with CCM.

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Ito, Akihiko, Eiichi Morii, Dae-Ki Kim, Tatsuki R. Kataoka, Tomoko Jippo, Kazutaka Maeyama, Hiroshi Nojima, and Yukihiko Kitamura. "Inhibitory Effect of the Transcription Factor Encoded by themi Mutant Allele in Cultured Mast Cells of Mice." Blood 93, no. 4 (February 15, 1999): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.4.1189.

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Abstract The mi locus of mice encodes a transcription factor of the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein family (MITF). The MITF encoded by the mutant mi allele (mi-MITF) deletes 1 of 4 consecutive arginines in the basic domain. The mice of mi/migenotype express mi-MITF, whereas the mice of tg/tggenotype have a transgene at the 5′ flanking region of themi gene and do not express any MITF. To investigate the function of mi-MITF in cultured mast cells (CMCs), we took two approaches. First, mRNA obtained from mi/mi CMCs ortg/tg CMCs was subtracted from complementary (c) DNA library of normal (+/+) CMCs, and the (+/+-mi/mi) and (+/+-tg/tg) subtraction libraries were obtained. When the number of clones that hybridized more efficiently with +/+ CMC cDNA probe than with mi/mi or tg/tg CMC cDNA probe was compared using Southern analysis, the number was larger in the (+/+-mi/mi) library than in the (+/+-tg/tg) library. Second, we compared mRNA expression of six genes betweenmi/mi and tg/tg CMCs by Northern analysis. The transcription of three genes encoding mouse mast cell proteases was impaired in both mi/mi and tg/tg CMCs. On the other hand, the transcription of three genes encoding c-kit receptor, tryptophan hydroxylase, and granzyme B was markedly reduced inmi/mi CMCs, but the reduction was significantly smaller intg/tg CMCs. These results indicated the inhibitory effect ofmi-MITF on the transactivation of particular genes in CMCs.

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Wolf, Jennifer Moriatis, Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Isam Atroshi, and Martin Englund. "Occupational load as a risk factor for clinically relevant base of thumb osteoarthritis." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106184.

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ObjectiveIt is postulated that increased load from pinch and grasp in occupational tasks increases the risk of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC1) osteoarthritis (OA). We sought to characterise the relationship between doctor-diagnosed CMC1 OA and occupation in a large working population.MethodsWe performed a matched case–control study using a Swedish healthcare register. We identified residents aged 30–65 years in 2013 with physician-diagnosed CMC1 OA from 1998 to 2013. We matched four controls per person with CMC1 OA by age, sex, education and postcode. Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations was used to assign occupation. Occupation was categorised as light, light–moderate, moderate and heavy labour. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate ORs with 95% CIs.ResultsWe identified 3462 patients with CMC1 OA and matched 13 211 controls. The mean age of the CMC1 OA group was 63 (SD 7) years, with 81% women. The ORs for CMC1 OA in men were 1.31 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.79) for light–moderate, 1.76 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.40) for moderate and 2.00 (95% CI 1.59 to 2.51) for heavy compared with light work. Women had ORs for CMC1 OA of 1.46 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.61) for light–moderate, 1.27 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.46) for moderate and 1.31 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.59) for heavy compared with light work.ConclusionsThe association between increased manual load in occupation and risk of CMC1 OA is more pronounced in men than in women, likely due to higher workload in the heavy labour category.

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Yan, E. Y., X. Y. Hao, M. L. Cao, Y. M. Fan, D. Q. Zhang, W. Xie, J. P. Sun, and S. Q. Hou. "Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2014-0093.

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Purpose The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to investigate the process for the preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel and to characterize such a hydrogel via various analytical techniques. Design/methodology/approach The hydrogel in the aqueous solution was prepared by using CMCS as the raw material and glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The as-prepared CMCS hydrogel was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra. Findings The CMCS hydrogel possessed a porous structure and the shape of the pore was irregular. Generally, the diameter of the pores ranged from 20 to 70 nm. The results from FTIR, UV-vis and XRD showed that there was no obvious difference between the structures of the CMCS hydrogel and CMCS powder. Research limitations/implications The strength of the hydrogel is not high enough and the degree of swelling is relatively small. So, improving the strength and swelling degree of the hydrogel is necessary. Practical implications The CMCS hydrogel presented obvious hollow structures and its fabrication was processed absolutely in aqueous phase. Besides, it possessed low toxicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. So, the hydrogel will have potential applications in drug delivery and release, tissue engineering and other biomedical fields. Originality/value This paper is the first to present the relationship between the structures of the CMCS hydrogel and CMCS micromolecule, and it confirms that there is no fundamental difference between them.

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Mehring, Alexander, Janik Haffelder, Jonas Chodorski, Judith Stiefelmaier, Dorina Strieth, and Roland Ulber. "Establishment and triterpenoid production of Ocimum basilicum cambial meristematic cells." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 143, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01942-y.

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AbstractThe application of plant suspension culture to produce valuable compounds, such as the triterpenoids oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, is a well-established alternative to the cultivation of whole plants. Cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) are a growing field of research, often showing superior cultivation properties compared to their dedifferentiated cell (DDC) counterparts. In this work, the first-time establishment of O. basilicum CMCs is demonstrated. DDCs and CMCs were cultivated in shake flasks and wave-mixed disposable bioreactors (wDBRs) and evaluated regarding triterpenoid productivity and biomass accumulation. CMCs showed characteristic small vacuoles and were found to be significantly smaller than DDCs. Productivities of oleanolic and ursolic acid of CMCs were determined at 3.02 ± 0.76 mg/(l*d) and 4.79 ± 0.48 mg/(l*d) after 19 days wDBR cultivation, respectively. These values were consistently higher than any productivities determined for DDCs over the observed cultivation period of 37 days. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate of DDCs and CMCs in shake flasks resulted in increased product contents up to 48 h after elicitor addition, with the highest increase found in CMCs at 232.30 ± 19.33% (oleanolic acid) and 192.44 ± 18.23% (ursolic acid) after 48 h.

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Liu, Wei, Gui Qiong Jiao, Wei Xi Zhang, and Wei Min Zhang. "Interlaminar Shear Property of Z-Pins Reinforced Woven Ceramic Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1608.

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Z-pins reinforced 2D ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), integratedly designed new materials, are developed to enhance 2D CMCs through-thickness in the form of Z-pins and to ensure significant increase in interlaminar fracture toughness, delamination resistance and impact resistance, and Z-pins reinforced 2D CMCs have much application. Finite element method was adopted to analyze stress distributions of Z-pins reinforced woven CMCs; the interlaminar shear tests were employed to measure interlaminar shear strength; fractographies were observed to examine failure mechanisms. The results are shown as the following: the insertion of Z-pins reduces concentrated stress fields and enhances the uniform stress distribution on the expected fracture plane. Interlaminar shear strength of Z-pins reinforced woven CMCs is increased as Z-pins insertion reaches a certain number. Interlaminar shear strength goes up with the rise of the number of inserted Z-pins. Z-pins shearing and fabric/matrix debonding are interlaminar failure mechanisms of Z-pins reinforced CMCs.

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Tai, De Yi, and Fu Yuan Xu. "Cloud Manufacturing Based on Cooperative Concept of SDN." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2424.

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As a new service-oriented manufacturing paradigm, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) was proposed to realize the added-value and on-demand use of manufacturing resource and ability. Compared with cloud computing, the complexity of CMfg cooperation was analyzed. Supply and demand network of enterprises with multifunction and opening characteristics (SDN) was introduced as a new paradigm of manufacturing cooperation. Dynamic, diversity, fully open and inclusive cooperation are the key concept of SDN. The CMfg cooperation based on SDN was analyzed, from three-dimension of lever, function and space. A model of cooperation-oriented CMfg was built. Resource-oriented, service-oriented and innovation-oriented cooperation were proposed to prompt the implementation and the platform building of CMfg, from the business cooperation perspective.

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Fodje, Michel, Kiran Mundboth, Shaunivan Labiuk, Kathryn Janzen, James Gorin, Denis Spasyuk, Scott Colville, and Pawel Grochulski. "Macromolecular crystallography beamlines at the Canadian Light Source: building on success." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 76, no. 7 (June 19, 2020): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798320007603.

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The Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF) consists of two beamlines dedicated to macromolecular crystallography: CMCF-ID and CMCF-BM. After the first experiments were conducted in 2006, the facility has seen a sharp increase in usage and has produced a significant amount of data for the Canadian crystallographic community. Upgrades aimed at increasing throughput and flux to support the next generation of more demanding experiments are currently under way or have recently been completed. At CMCF-BM, this includes an enhanced monochromator, automounter software upgrades and a much faster detector. CMCF-ID will receive a major upgrade including a new undulator, a new monochromator and new optics to stably focus the beam onto a smaller sample size, as well as a brand-new detector.

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Ito, Akihiko, Eiichi Morii, Kazutaka Maeyama, Tomoko Jippo, Dae-Ki Kim, Young-Mi Lee, Hideki Ogihara, Koji Hashimoto, Yukihiko Kitamura, and Hiroshi Nojima. "Systematic Method to Obtain Novel Genes That Are Regulated bymi Transcription Factor: Impaired Expression of Granzyme B and Tryptophan Hydroxylase in mi/mi Cultured Mast Cells." Blood 91, no. 9 (May 1, 1998): 3210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.9.3210.

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Abstract The mi locus encodes a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein family of transcription factors (hereafter called MITF). We have reported that the expression of several genes was impaired in cultured mast cells (CMCs) ofmi/mi genotype, and demonstrated the involvement of MITF in the transcription of these genes. To obtain new genes whose transcription may be regulated by MITF, we prepared a subtracted cDNA library using +/+ and mi/mi CMCs. We found two clones carrying the granzyme (Gr) B and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) cDNAs in the subtracted library. The expression of the Gr B and TPH genes decreased in mi/mi CMCs, and recovered to nearly normal level by the overexpression of normal (+) MITF but not of mutant (mi) MITF. The +-MITF bound three and one CANNTG motifs in the Gr B and TPH promoters, respectively, and transactivated these two genes, indicating the involvement of +-MITF in their expression. Because TPH is the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis, we examined the serotonin content of +/+ and mi/mi CMCs. The serotonin content was significantly smaller in mi/mi CMCs than in +/+ CMCs. The introduction of +-MITF but not of mi-MITF normalized the serotonin content in mi/mi CMCs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CMCG'

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