Journal articles: 'Clytie'

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Gaede, M. "Clytie luteonigra Warr. ssp. seifersi nov. (Lep. Noct.)." Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 1933, no. 1 (April 19, 2008): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.193319330109.

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Wells, Hannah. ""to touch the dark cheek": Facing the Postbellum South in "Clytie"." Eudora Welty Review 13, no. 1 (2021): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ewr.2021.0009.

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McLaughlin, Don James. "Finding (M)other’s Face: A Psychoanalytic Approach to Eudora Welty’s “Clytie”." Eudora Welty Review 1, no. 1 (2009): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ewr.2009.0016.

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Dodero, E. "Clytie before Townley: the Gaetani d'Aragona collection and its Neapolitan context." Journal of the History of Collections 25, no. 3 (June 26, 2013): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fht006.

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Beggs, Margo L. "(Un)Dress in Southworth & Hawes’ Daguerreotype Portraits: Clytie, Proserpine, and Antebellum Boston Women." Fashion Studies 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.38055/fs020111.

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Young America: The Daguerreotypes of Southworth & Hawes (2005) is a monumental exhibition catalogue showcasing the work of Albert Sands Southworth and Josiah Johnson Hawes. Together the partners established a renowned daguerreotype studio in mid-nineteenth-century Boston that catered to the city’s bourgeoisie. This paper seeks to unravel the mystery of dozens of daguerreotypes found in Young America, in which elite Boston women appear to be nearly nude. The unidentified women stand in stark contrast to the carefully concealed bodies of Southworth & Hawes’ other female subjects. Why would they expose themselves in such a manner before the camera’s lens? This paper attributes the women’s state of (un)dress to their deliberate emulation of two sculptures in the classical tradition: Clytie, a marble bust dating to antiquity, and Proserpine, a mid-nineteenth-century marble bust by American neoclassical sculptor Hiram Powers. This argument first reveals how a general “classical statue” aesthetic prevailed for women’s deportment in antebellum America, then demonstrates that the busts of Clytie and Proserpine had special significance as icons of white, elite female beauty in the period. Next, this paper makes the case that Southworth & Hawes devised a special style of photography deriving from their own daguerreotypes of the two statues, in which the women’s off-shoulder drapery was deliberately obscured allowing their female clientele to pose in the guise of these famous statues. The paper concludes by arguing that the women shown in these images could pose in this style without contravening societal norms, as these mythological figures were construed by women and men in the period to reflect the central precepts of the mid-nineteenth-century “Cult of True Womanhood.” Moreover, the busts offered sartorial models that reinforced standards of female dress as they related to class and privilege. By baring their flawless, white skin, however, the women positioned themselves at the crux of contentious beliefs about race in a deeply divided nation prior to the American Civil War.

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Hicks, Andrew. "Getting Hold of a Face: The Tactile and the Visual in Eudora Welty's "Clytie"." Eudora Welty Review 13, no. 1 (2021): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ewr.2021.0007.

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WILLIAMSON, JENN. "Traumatic Recurrences in White Southern Literature: O'Connor's “Everything that Rises must Converge” and Welty's “Clytie”." Women's Studies 38, no. 7 (September 16, 2009): 747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497870903155980.

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Fourrage, Cécile, Karl Swann, Jose Raul Gonzalez Garcia, Anthony K. Campbell, and Evelyn Houliston. "An endogenous green fluorescent protein–photoprotein pair in Clytia hemisphaerica eggs shows co-targeting to mitochondria and efficient bioluminescence energy transfer." Open Biology 4, no. 4 (April 2014): 130206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.130206.

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Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and calcium-activated photoproteins of the aequorin/clytin family, now widely used as research tools, were originally isolated from the hydrozoan jellyfish Aequora victoria . It is known that bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is possible between these proteins to generate flashes of green light, but the native function and significance of this phenomenon is unclear. Using the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica , we characterized differential expression of three clytin and four GFP genes in distinct tissues at larva, medusa and polyp stages, corresponding to the major in vivo sites of bioluminescence (medusa tentacles and eggs) and fluorescence (these sites plus medusa manubrium, gonad and larval ectoderms). Potential physiological functions at these sites include UV protection of stem cells for fluorescence alone, and prey attraction and camouflaging counter-illumination for bioluminescence. Remarkably, the clytin2 and GFP2 proteins, co-expressed in eggs, show particularly efficient BRET and co-localize to mitochondria, owing to parallel acquisition by the two genes of mitochondrial targeting sequences during hydrozoan evolution. Overall, our results indicate that endogenous GFPs and photoproteins can play diverse roles even within one species and provide a striking and novel example of protein coevolution, which could have facilitated efficient or brighter BRET flashes through mitochondrial compartmentalization.

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Cohoon, Lorinda B. "“Unmoveable Relics”: The Farr Family and Revisions of Position, Direction, and Movement in Eudora Welty’s “Clytie”." Eudora Welty Review 1, no. 1 (2009): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ewr.2009.0011.

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Székely, Levente. "Research paper. New and Rare Macrolepidoptera (Insecta) from Romanian Dobrogea (South-East Romania)." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 59, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 195–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/travmu-2016-0023.

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Abstract This study represents a synthesis of recent faunistical results (2012-2015), regarding the Macrolepidoptera of Dobrogea (south-eastern Romania) (Fig. 1A). Records of species of great faunistical and zoogeographical importance for the Romanian fauna are included. Eublemma porphyrina (Freyer, 1844) is reported for the first time in the Romanian fauna. The presence of several species known in the country based exclusively on very old records is confirmed (e.g. Dryobotodes carbonis (F. Wagner, 1831), Eremodrina pertinax (Staudinger, 1879), Zekelita antiqualis (Hübner, [1809])). Certain rare species with few records are also presented, such as Catopta thrips (Hübner, 1818), Sphingonaepiopsis gorgoniades (Hübner, 1819), Grammodes bifasciata (Petagna, 1787), Clytie syriaca (Bugnion, 1837), Symira dentinosa Freyer, 1839, Chazaria incarnata (Freyer, 1838), Protarchanara brevilinea (Fenn, 1864), Polymixis rufocincta (Geyer, [1828]), Gortyna cervago Eversmann, 1844, Dichagyris melanura (Kollar, 1846), Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) admetus (Esper, 1783), Libythea celtis (Laicharting in Fuessly, 1782), Kirinia roxelana (Cramer, 1777), etc. Several Macrolepidoptera species recorded for the first time in Dobrogea are also included, eg: Hyloicus pinastri (Linnaeus, 1758), Cyclophora quercimontaria (Bastelberger, 1897), Perconia strigillaria (Hübner, 1787), Dryobotodes carbonis (F. Wagner, 1831), Meganephria bimaculosa (Linnaeus, 1767), Cerastis leucographa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Noctua janthe (Borkhausen, 1792). There are 602 Macrolepidoptera species listed in this work. The studied localities have not been, or have been only little investigated previously in terms of Lepidoptera fauna, eg: Creasta Cardonului-Hamcearca, Enisala (Tulcea County), Fântâniţa-Murfatlar, Allah Bair Hill, Esechioi Forest, Oltina, Şipotele (Constanţa County). The study also includes aspects of zoogeography, invasive species, protection of habitats and protection of endangered species.

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Inouye, Satoshi, and Yuiko Sahara. "Expression, purification and characterization of a photoprotein, clytin, from Clytia gregarium." Protein Expression and Purification 53, no. 2 (June 2007): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2006.12.014.

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LINDNER, ALBERTO, ANNETTE F. GOVINDARAJAN, and ALVARO E. MIGOTTO. "Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae)." Zootaxa 2980, no. 1 (July 29, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2980.1.2.

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Medusae and polyps of Clytia are abundantly found in coastal marine environments and one species in the genus—Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767)—has become an important experimental model. Yet, only 10 species in the genus have had their life cycle investigated. Most species of Clytia are also poorly described, and detailed life cycle and morphological studies are needed for accurate species-level identifications. Here, we investigated the life cycle of Clytia elsaeoswaldae Stechow, 1914, a species described for the tropical western Atlantic and subsequently considered conspecific to the nearly-cosmopolitan species Clytia gracilis (Sars, 1850) and Clytia hemisphaerica, originally described for the temperate North Atlantic. Based on observations of mature medusae and multiple colonies from southeastern Brazil and the U. S. Virgin Islands (type locality), our results show that C. elsaeoswaldae is morphologically distinct from C. gracilis and C. hemisphaerica. The morphological results are corroborated by a multigene phylogenetic analysis of the genus Clytia, which shows that C. gracilis-like species form a polyphyletic group of several species. These results suggest that the nearly-cosmopolitan distribution attributed to some species of Clytia may be due to the non-recognition of morphologically similar species with more restricted ranges.

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Inouye, Satoshi. "Cloning, Expression, Purification and Characterization of an Isotype of Clytin, a Calcium-Binding Photoprotein from the Luminous Hydromedusa Clytia gregarium." Journal of Biochemistry 143, no. 5 (February 22, 2008): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvn024.

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14

Zhou, Konglin, Lianming Zheng, Jinru He, Yuanshao Lin, Wenqing Cao, and Wenjing Zhang. "Detection of a new Clytia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae) with DNA barcoding and life cycle analyses." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 8 (August 7, 2013): 2075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000969.

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The genus Clytia is distributed worldwide, but most accepted species in this genus have been examined either only at the hydroid or medusa stage. The challenge in identifying Clytia species reflects their complex life cycles and phenotypic plasticity. In this study, molecular and morphological investigations of Clytia specimens from the coastal waters of China revealed an as yet unreported species, designated C. xiamenensis sp. nov., that was considered as conspecific to two nearly cosmopolitan species, C. hemisphaerica and C. gracilis. DNA barcoding based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S) confirmed the highly distinct lineage of C. xiamenensis sp. nov. These results were corroborated by the detailed observations of its mature medusae and its colonies, which showed that C. xiamenensis sp. nov. was morphologically distinct from other species of Clytia. Thus, based on our findings, the nearly cosmopolitan distribution attributed to some species of Clytia might rather be due to the misidentification, and it is necessary to elucidate their whole life cycle in order to establish the systematic validity of all species within the genus Clytia.

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Koçak, Yavuz, and Elmas Yağmur. "New Contribution to the Knowledge on the Chromosome Numbers of Turkish Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)." Folia Biologica 69, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_69-2.11.

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Information on the karyotypes of Turkish species of Cerambycidae is scanty. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the karyological data (chromosomal number and mechanism of sex determination) of five Turkish longicorn beetles; karyotypes of four taxa, one endemic, are described for the first time and for the remaining one, Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783), the previously published chromosome count is confirmed. The chromosome number of Purpuricenus desfontainii inhumeralis Pic, 1891 and Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) (Cerambycinae, Trachyderini) was found to be 2n = 28 (13 + Xyp); Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817 and Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1773) (Cerambycinae, Clytini) 2n = 20 (9 + Xyp); and the endemic Dorcadion triste phrygicum Peks, 1993 (Lamiinae, Dorcadionini) 2n = 24 (11 + Xyp). In view of the paucity of data available until now, our study is important for both to improve the poor karyological knowledge of Turkish Cerambycidae and to provide an incentive for other researchers.

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HUMARA-GIL, KARLA J., and CHRISTOPHER CRUZ-GÓMEZ. "New records of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico." Zootaxa 4455, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.3.

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Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Mexico have been little studied. For the coast of Oaxaca, only five papers provide information on species of the region, with some records included in those publications being questionable. Seven species, Pennaria disticha, Clytia linearis, Clytia cf. gracilis, Obelia dichotoma, Ventromma halecioides, Dynamena crisioides and Tridentata turbinata, were discovered during the study and are reported herein. Of these species, Pennaria disticha and Tridentata turbinata are new records for the Mexican Pacific coast, and Clytia linearis and Ventromma halecioides are new records for Oaxaca. Geographic ranges of other hydroids, recorded in earlier studies, are expanded.

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Lechable, Marion, Alexandre Jan, Axel Duchene, Julie Uveira, Brandon Weissbourd, Loann Gissat, Sophie Collet, et al. "An improved whole life cycle culture protocol for the hydrozoan genetic model Clytia hemisphaerica." Biology Open 9, no. 11 (September 29, 2020): bio051268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.051268.

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ABSTRACTThe jellyfish species Clytia hemisphaerica (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) has emerged as a new experimental model animal in the last decade. Favorable characteristics include a fully transparent body suitable for microscopy, daily gamete production and a relatively short life cycle. Furthermore, whole genome sequence assembly and efficient gene editing techniques using CRISPR/Cas9 have opened new possibilities for genetic studies. The quasi-immortal vegetatively-growing polyp colony stage provides a practical means to maintain mutant strains. In the context of developing Clytia as a genetic model, we report here an improved whole life cycle culture method including an aquarium tank system designed for culture of the tiny jellyfish form. We have compared different feeding regimes using Artemia larvae as food and demonstrate that the stage-dependent feeding control is the key for rapid and reliable medusa and polyp rearing. Metamorphosis of the planula larvae into a polyp colony can be induced efficiently using a new synthetic peptide. The optimized procedures detailed here make it practical to generate genetically modified Clytia strains and to maintain their whole life cycle in the laboratory.This article has an associated First Person interview with the two first authors of the paper.

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Grohmann, Priscila Araci, Claudio do Carmo Nogueira, and Vera Maria Abud Pacífico da Silva. "Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the inner continental shelf of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the Oceanographic Operations GEOCOSTA RIO I and II." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 2 (June 2011): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000200020.

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The Brazilian Navy (DHN/MB) commissioned a series of Oceanographic Operations covering almost the entire inner continental shelf of the country from the 1960s through the 1980s. Surveys provided geological data on the sea bottom and marine biota along the entire Brazilian coast. This report lists data on 15 hydroid species collected during Operations GEOCOSTA RIO I in 1979 and GEOCOSTA RIO II in 1986, at depths ranging from 25 to 89 m. Hydroids were obtained at two of 65 stations in Operation GEOCOSTA RIO I, each represented by one species: Aglaophenia rhynchocarpa Allman, 1877 and Plumularia strobilophora Billard, 1913. In Operation GEOCOSTA RIO II, hydroids were present at four of the 25 sampled stations. Fourteen species were recorded: Pennaria disticha Goldfuss, 1820, Tubulariidae mt.1, Filifera mt.1, Filifera mt.2, Bougainvilliidae mt.1, Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859, Plumularia strobilophora Billard, 1913, Amphisbetia operculata (Linnaeus, 1758), Dynamena dalmasi (Versluys, 1899), Sertularella tenella (Alder, 1857), Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856, Clytia gracilis (M. Sars, 1850), Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910), and Orthopyxis integra (Macgillivray, 1842). The ranges of three species (Aglaophenia rhynchocarpa, Plumularia strobilophora, Clytia paulensis) were extended southwards along the Brazilian coast. The bathymetric distributions of six species (B. vestita, P. strobilophora, C. hincksii, C. paulensis, D. dalmasi, O. integra) were also extended on the Brazilian continental shelf.

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Denker, Elsa, Arnaud Chatonnet, and Nicolas Rabet. "Acetylcholinesterase activity in Clytia hemisphaerica (Cnidaria)." Chemico-Biological Interactions 175, no. 1-3 (September 2008): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.03.004.

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Cabral, Ana Caroline, Miodeli Nogueira Júnior, Renato Mitsuo Nagata, and Frederico Pereira Brandini. "Are free-floating planktonic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) common components of the pelagic fauna from the South Brazilian Bight?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 8 (June 23, 2015): 1645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000727.

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We analysed 267 zooplankton samples collected in the South Brazilian Bight (SBB; 23–27°S) to determine whether hydroids, typically benthic, are common components of the pelagic SBB. Two species, Clytia arborescens, recorded for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean, and Clytia sp. were identified. While these planktonic hydroids were frequent or relatively so in shallow shelf waters (~23% of the samples <50 m isobaths, and 5% of the samples >100 m), abundances were low (up to 61 hydranths m−3) suggesting a low trophic impact. Such colonies are probably fragments of benthic colonies detached by storms and/or tides. Given the good condition of the coenosarc, existence of gastric content, and presence of reproductive structures, development of these species appears to be normal in the pelagic environment. Existence in the plankton may increase their capacity for dispersion.

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Zamoroka, A. "Іs clytini monophyletic? The evidence from five-gene phylogenetic analysis." Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no. 37 (January 1, 2022): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2021.37.191-214.

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Tribe Clytini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the largest within the long horn beetles, having over 1500 species. Until now, the tribe was considered monophyletic, despite the fact that it combines several different morphological groups. Morphological data alone could not shed enough light on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Clytini. The data for the last decade on molecular phylogenetics have challenged the Clytini monophyletic hypothesis. In this study, I conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Clytini based on the three mitochondrial genes 12S rRNA 16S rRNA COI and two nuclear genes 18S rRNA 28S rRNA. The results of the analysis with high reliability confirmed the hypothesis of polyphyly of Clytini. The tribe includes two phylogenetically different and morphologically distinct evolutionary branches, which gave me reason to conduct a taxonomic revision of Clytini. I proposed new nomenclature acts including 1 new supertribe, 1 new tribe, 4 new subtribes, 3 new genera, 4 new subgenera, 3 new statuses, 22 new combinations, 2 new synonyms. In addition, I redescribed 1 tribe and 3 genera.

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Lindner, Alberto, and Alvaro E. Migotto. "The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 4 (August 2002): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005866.

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The life cycles of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis, two common campanulariids previously known solely from their polyp and young medusa stages, were investigated. Adult medusae of C. linearis have a bell diameter of 2·5–3·6 mm, and up to 29 tentacles. The bell is almost flat when relaxed and C-type microbasic mastigophore nematocysts form a cluster at the tip of the tentacles. Mature medusae of C. noliformis have a more hemispherical, saucer-shaped bell (3·5–4·5 mm in diameter), up to 16 tentacles, and no diagnostic nematocysts. Polyps of both species also differ in morphology, colour, and cnidome, and a possible resting structure is described for C. linearis. The relevance of characters from the perisarc and hydranths for taxonomy within the Campanulariidae is also evaluated, and whether the size of nematocysts is variable or not, and therefore appropriate for species identification.

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WANG, FENG-YAN, and HONG-ZHANG ZHOU. "A synopsis on the Chinese species of Clytra Laicharting, with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini)." Zootaxa 3067, no. 1 (October 25, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3067.1.1.

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The taxonomy of the genus Clytra Laicharting, 1781 occurring in China is studied. Two new species are described: Clytra (Clytraria) tanae sp. nov. from Qinghai and Yunnan, and Clytra (Clytraria) truncatula sp. nov. from Xinjiang. The Chinese fauna of the genus is thus increased to 13 species/subspecies in total. Keys to the Chinese genera of Clytrini and to Chinese species of Clytra are provided in addition to color plates and line drawings of habitus, maxilla, labium, male genitalia and spermatheca, which facilitates species identification; geographic distributions of 12 species/subspecies are mapped. The type specimens are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

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Morzycki, Alexander, Peter O. Kwan, Edward E. Tredget, and Joshua N. Wong. "Novel Application of a Surgeon-Operated Clysis Delivery System in Burn Surgery." European Burn Journal 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ebj3010020.

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Insufflation of epinephrine-containing solutions (clysis) has shown to decrease blood loss in burn surgery. Current delivery methods are associated with significant cost and may predispose burn patients to hypothermia. This was a proof-of-concept study to evaluate a novel surgeon-operated clysis delivery system. Our initial experience with a novel fluid management system is presented. Temperature, pressure, and volume of clysis was recorded. Patient and burn factors were evaluated and complications collected. Finally, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted. Thirty-seven consecutive cases comprising 22 adult patients (15/22, 68% male), with a mean age of 49 years (+/−19) were reviewed. The mean % total body surface area of all patients was 39 (+/−21.7). The mean temperature, pressure, and volume of administered clysis was 32.2 degrees Celsius (+/−4.4), 265.04 mmHg (+/−56.17), and 5805.8 mL (+/−4844.4), respectively. The mean dose of epinephrine administered was 14.5 mg (+/−12.1). The mean temperature variability was 1.1 °C (+/−1.2). The total mean of packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfused was 507.6 mL (+/−624.4). There were no recorded complications. We identified a cost savings of CAD 20,766 over the cases examined, compared to our conventional clysis delivery technique. This novel technique provides rapid and safe infiltration of warmed clysis in burn surgery. We were able to maintain intra-operative euthermia. In addition, this technique may be transfusion-sparing. The introduction of this method of clysis administration was associated with significant cost-savings. Future randomized study is necessary.

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Baack, Bret R., Vaughn Harris, and Turner Osler. "POWERED CLYSIS." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 88, no. 5 (November 1991): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199111000-00049.

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Morzycki, Alexander, and Joshua N. Wong. "606 Novel application of a surgeon-operated clysis delivery system in burn surgery." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (March 23, 2022): S142—S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.234.

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Abstract Introduction Tangential excision of burns is associated with significant bleeding. Sub-eschar insufflation of epinephrine-containing clysis has shown to decrease blood loss and associated complications. Administration of adrenaline-containing infiltrates are also beneficial in the harvest of split thickness skin grafts. Clysis is typically delivered with the assistance of a perfusionist-operated system. This method, however, is associated with significant cost and dependent on personnel availability. This study evaluated the use of a novel surgeon-operated fluid management system in the delivery of clysis in burn surgery. Methods Our initial experience with a novel fluid management system is presented. Prospective collection of infiltration data, including average temperature, pressure, and volume of clysis was performed. Patient and burn factors were evaluated and complications collected. Finally, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted. Results Thirty-seven consecutive cases comprising 22 adult patients (15/22, 68% male), with a mean age of 49 years (+/- 19) were reviewed. The mean % total body surface area of all patients was 39 (+/- 21.7). The mean temperature, pressure and volume of administered clysis was 32.2 degrees Celsius (+/- 4.4), 265.04 mmHg (+/-56.17), and 5805.8 mL (+/- 4844.4), respectively. The mean dose of epinephrine administered was 14.5mg (+/- 12.1). The mean temperature variability was 1.1 °C (+/- 1.2). Total mean packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfused was 507.6 mL (+/- 624.4). There were no recorded complications. We identified a cost savings of $20,766 CAD over the cases examined. Conclusions We present the novel application of a fluid management system in burn surgery. This technique provides rapid and safe infiltration of warmed clysis. We are able to maintain intra-operative euthermia despite a large volume of administered clysis and significant intraoperative vulnerability to hypothermia. In addition, this technique may be transfusion-sparing. The introduction of this method of clysis administration was associated with significant cost-savings.

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Jamal Uddin, A. F. M., Farah Ahmed, Raisa Islam, Dina Akther, and Most Asmaul Husna. "EFFECTS OF NITROGEN GAS AND CLYBIO APPLICATION ON SHELF-LIFE EXTENSION AND SKIN COLOR RETENTION OF RIPE LITCHI." International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research 11, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/ijbssr11105.

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The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Innovation Lab.BD., Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka. The experiment consisted of ten treatments where litchi fruits were kept in storage, namely Control (no treatments), Clybio spray, Plastic box, Ziploc pack, Plastic box with Clybio spray, Ziploc pack with Clybio spray, Plastic box with N2 gas, Ziploc pack with N2 gas, Plastic box + Clybio+ N2 gas and Ziploc pack + Clybio+ N2 gas. The study evaluated the effect of these treatments at post-harvest on the percentage of weight loss, Total Soluble Solid (Brix percentage), skin color (L*, a*, b*, C* and h values) and percentage of weight loss and brix (%). It was observed that the lowest percentage of weight loss (20.7%) occurred in the litchis treated with Clybio and stored inside a Ziploc bag at 7 days in storage. The lowest brix percentage was measured (16.5%) when treated with clybio spray and stored in a plastic box. After 7 days in storage, the percentage of weight loss increased along with the increase in brix (%) indicating a significant relationship. The color of the fruit also changed significantly in storage from initial day until the 7th day. After 7 days in storage, the plastic box + Clybio + N2 gas treatment produced the best color retention results, with the L* value of 39.8, a* value of 27.1, b* value of 21.6, C* value of 34.7, and h value of 38.6, indicating that the litchi stored under this treatment retained a redder and brighter color. The goal of the study was to extend the shelf-life of litchi while preserving its natural red color during post-harvest storage to command a higher market price and increase profitability.

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Kasatkin, D. G. "About a system of a the genus Plagionotus sensu lato (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Clytini)." Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 1, no. 1 (2005): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2005-1-1-49-54.

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HEFFERN, DANIEL, JUAN PABLO BOTERO, and ANTONIO SANTOS-SILVA. "Synonymies, new records, and new species in Cerambycinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)." Zootaxa 4747, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.8.

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New synonymies in Clytini: Clytopsis Casey, 1912 is synonymized with Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860; and Ochraethes nigritus Bates, 1892 is synonymized with O. viridiventris (Chevrolat, 1860). New records: Neoclytus acteon (Chevrolat, 1860) (Clytini) is reported for the first time from Nicaragua; and Heterachthes hildebranti Galileo & Santos-Silva, 2016 (Neoibidionini, Compsina) is reported for the first time from the Mexican state of Jalisco. New species: Ochraethes nevadensis sp. nov. (Clytini) is described from the United States of America (Nevada); Psyrassa audureaui sp. nov. (Elaphidiini) is described from Mexico and Nicaragua; Oxylymma rileyi sp. nov. (Rhinotragini) is described from Panama.

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Houliston, Evelyn, Tsuyoshi Momose, and Michaël Manuel. "Clytia hemisphaerica: a jellyfish cousin joins the laboratory." Trends in Genetics 26, no. 4 (April 2010): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2010.01.008.

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Gravili, Cinzia, Paolo D'Ambrosio, Cristina Di Camillo, Giuseppina Renna, Jean Bouillon, and Ferdinando Boero. "Clytia hummelincki(Hydroidomedusae: Leptomedusae) in the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 8 (December 2008): 1547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001975.

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The inconspicuous hydrozoanClytia hummelincki, first recorded from the Mediterranean Sea in 1996, is presently widespread throughout the middle Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Two surveys carried out in 2003 and 2004 along the coast of the Salento Peninsula, Italy, showed that this species inhabits a belt between 0.5 and 2 m depth in sea urchin barrens and in areas damaged by date mussel fisheries. The comparison between the two surveys indicates that the frequency of the alien increased from 2003 to 2004. The life cycle ofC. hummelinckiis described for the first time.

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Citron, Joseph. "CLYDE." Southern Medical Journal 79, no. 5 (May 1986): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198605000-00023.

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Fuentes-Baile, María, Elizabeth Pérez-Valenciano, Pilar García-Morales, Camino de Juan Romero, Daniel Bello-Gil, Víctor M. Barberá, Álvaro Rodríguez-Lescure, Jesús M. Sanz, Cristina Alenda, and Miguel Saceda. "CLytA-DAAO Chimeric Enzyme Bound to Magnetic Nanoparticles. A New Therapeutical Approach for Cancer Patients?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031477.

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D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-amino acids generating H2O2. The enzymatic chimera formed by DAAO bound to the choline-binding domain of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (CLytA) induces cytotoxicity in several pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell models. In the current work, we determined whether the effect of CLytA-DAAO immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and alginate capsules offered some advantages as compared to the free CLytA-DAAO. Results indicate that the immobilization of CLytA-DAAO in magnetic nanoparticles increases the stability of the enzyme, extending its time of action. Besides, we compared the effect induced by CLytA-DAAO with the direct addition of hydrogen peroxide, demonstrating that the progressive generation of reactive oxygen species by CLytA-DAAO is more effective in inducing cytotoxicity than the direct addition of H2O2. Furthermore, a pilot study has been initiated in biopsies obtained from pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma patients to evaluate the expression of the main genes involved in resistance to CLytA-DAAO cytotoxicity. Based on our findings, we propose that CLytA-DAAO immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles could be effective in a high percentage of patients and, therefore, be used as an anti-cancer therapy for pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma.

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Ahmed, F., M. A. Husna, M. Hasan, A. Yeasmin, and A. F. M. Jamal Uddin. "ROLE OF CLYBIO APPLICATION ON SUMMER ONION (Allium cepa) PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH." International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research 11, no. 1 (July 5, 2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/ijbssr11114.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, from June to October 2021 to evaluate the influence of Clybio concentrations on summer onions (Allium cepa) production. The variety used was BARI Piaz-3. The single factorial experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of four treatments, namely, T0 = control (no Clybio application), T1 = Clybio @ 2 ml/L, T2 = Clybio @ 4 ml/L and T3 = Clybio @ 6 ml/L, and in total, this was applied six times, starting from 10 DAT until 60 DAT and was applied in a foliar manner to both leaves and surrounding soil. Among the treatments, the maximum plant height (60.8cm), the number of leaves per plant (16.7), leaf length (54.2cm), leaf weight (31.3g), diameter of pseudo stem (11.9mm), root length (8.4cm), number of roots (33), bulb diameter (43.8mm), bulb length (52.7mm), weight of a single bulb (45.7g), average bulb yield per plot (33.2 t/ha) was recorded at T3 treatment. The highest length of pseudo stem (49.4 mm) was found in the T1 treatment. On the contrary, the minimum plant height (38.3cm), number of leaves per plant (7.0), leaf length (24.1cm), leaf weight (17.7g), root length (4.5cm), number of roots (26), bulb diameter (22.7mm), bulb length (42.0mm), weight of a single bulb (22.0g), average bulb yield per plot (16.0 t/ha) was observed at T0 (control) treatment. The lowest diameter of the pseudo stem was found at the T1 (7.5mm). No statistically significant variation was found in the length of the pseudo stem (mm) in response to different treatments. When compared to control (T0), the highest increase in yield percentage was observed at T3 treatment (107.5%). A highly significant, very strong (R2 = 0.99) and positive correlation was discovered between bulb weight and root length, indicating that bulb weight increased as root length increased. Considering the aforementioned findings, T3 (Clybio @ 6 ml/L) treatment delivered the best results in terms of growth and yield attributes of offseason onions.

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Sutherland, Laura N., Kyle E. Schnepp, Gareth S. Powell, and Seth M. Bybee. "Phylogenetic Placement of the Plesioclytini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae)." Diversity 13, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110597.

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The tribe Plesioclytini was recently erected for a single genus of cerambycine longhorn beetle. The group was diagnosed from a proposed sister lineage, the diverse Clytini; however, a formal phylogenetic analysis was not performed due to limitations in data availability. Here, we present a phylogenetic reconstruction from five loci, that Plesioclytini is not sister to Clytini, but is instead only distantly related. Subsequent morphological investigations provide additional support for this placement.

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BEZDĚK, JAN, and FRANTIŠEK KANTNER. "Revision of the genus Paraclytra (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini), with description of P. cervenkai sp. nov. from Sultanate of Oman." Zootaxa 2353, no. 1 (February 8, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2353.1.1.

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A revision of the Afrotropical genus Paraclytra Medvedev, 1971 is presented. The type material of the most relevant taxa is examined. Paraclytra cervenkai sp. nov. from Sultanate of Oman is described, illustrated and compared with related species. Neotypes for Clythra gambiensis Lacordaire, 1848 and Clythra signata Lacordaire, 1848 are designated. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Clythra notata Klug, 1835; Clytra plicatipennis Pic, 1939; Clythra rufitarsis Lacordaire, 1848; Clythra sennariensis Lacordaire, 1848 and Clytra traegaordhi Weise, 1906. Paraclytra sennariensis (Lacordaire, 1848) is raised from subspecies of P. signata to species rank and treated as species with very variable coloration. Paraclytra rufitarsis (Lacordaire, 1848) is confirmed as a synonym of P. sennariensis. The following new synonyms are proposed: Paraclytra sennariensis = Clytra plicatipennis Pic, 1939 (syn. nov.) = Clytra signata ssp. aethiopica Medvedev, 1971 (syn. nov.); Clythra notata Klug, 1835 = Clythra signata Lacordaire, 1848 (syn. nov.). Because Clythra notata Klug, 1835 is a primary junior homonym of Clythra notata Gebler, 1830, the oldest synonym Clythra signata is stated as valid for this taxon. Paraclytra gambiensis is treated as a valid species which cannot be associated with Paraclytra notata due to completely different coloration. The drawings of both male and female genitalia are presented. A key to identification and a catalogue of all known Paraclytra species are given.

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37

Bailey, R. S., D. W. McKay, J. A. Morrison, and M. Walsh. "The biology and management of herring and other pelagic fish stocks in the Firth of Clyde." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 90 (1986): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005121.

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SynopsisThe herring population inhabiting the Firth of Clyde has supported an important fishery for hundreds of years. The basis for this fishery was until recently a stock of spring-spawning herring which spawn on Ballantrae Bank in the period February-April and which was investigated intensively by means of larval surveys from 1958 to 1979, when it had decreased to a very low level. In the late 1960s there was evidence of a change in the composition of the landings and during the 1970s and in the present decade the majority of fish caught have been of autumn-spawned origin. There is no evidence of significant autumn-spawning in the Firth of Clyde and autumn-spawning herring in advanced stages of maturation appear to leave the Clyde, returning by the time the fishery opens the following spring.The spawning origin of autumn-spawned herring in the Clyde has been investigated by tagging experiments, and recaptures have been made in the Irish Sea, off the northwest Irish coast and further north along the west coast of Scotland. However the spawning area of the majority of the fish is unknown.The herring fisheries in the Clyde, originally carried out by ring-net and anchored drift-net but now mainly by pair-trawl, have been managed by closed seasons and in the past few years by total allowable catch regulations under the control of the European Community.There is also a population of sprats in the Firth of Clyde which supports a small fishery and spawning of this species takes place earlier in the Clyde than elsewhere around Scotland. Mackerel also make annual incursions into the Clyde and support a small summer fishery. Factors affecting the abundance of pelagic fish species in the Clyde are discussed.

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Hislop, J. R. G. "The demersal fishery in the Clyde Sea Area." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 90 (1986): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005133.

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SynopsisData from the Clyde demersal fishery during the period 1960 to 1984 are presented. Annual landings of demersal species at Chde ports in recent years have ranged from 4000 to 10,000 tonnes, with a first sale value of £2–5 million. In the 1960s the fishery was undertaken mainly by seine-net vessels, but the present fleet consists largely of dual-purpose light/Nephrops trawlers. The demersal fishery is seasonal and during the winter and spring there is an influx of ‘stranger’ vessels. Five species (cod, whiting, saithe, hake and haddock) make up more than 80% of the demersal landings from the Clyde. The landings of saithe have fluctuated very considerably during the period under review. Other relatively important species are dogfish, plaice, skate and ray and angler fish. In general the Clyde fishery represents only a small proportion of the total Scottish landings but in recent years landings of hake from the Clyde grounds have averaged approximately 40% of the Scottish hake total. The Clyde demersal fishery depends to a large extent on young fish and both the total annual landings and the relative importance of the principal species fluctuate from year to year in response to variations in the strength of the recruiting year classes. The catch rates of the principal species vary greatly throughout the year. Although there is no conclusive evidence that the Clyde populations are self-contained, all the major species are known to spawn within or close to the area and tagging experiments have suggested that there may not be much mixing between Clyde fish and those from surrounding areas. This may in part, however, reflect the fact that fishing intensity within the Clyde is high and fish are recaptured before they have had time to leave the area. For management purposes, the Clyde demersal stocks are included in ICES Sub-area VI.

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Fuentes-Baile, María, Pilar García-Morales, Elizabeth Pérez-Valenciano, María P. Ventero, Jesús M. Sanz, Camino de Juan Romero, Víctor M. Barberá, Cristina Alenda, and Miguel Saceda. "Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by CLytA-DAAO Chimeric Enzyme in Human Tumor Cell Lines." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228522.

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The combination of the choline binding domain of the amidase N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine (CLytA)-D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) (CLytA-DAAO) and D-Alanine induces cell death in several pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines. In glioblastoma cell lines, CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death was inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting a classical apoptotic cell death. Meanwhile, the cell death induced in pancreatic and colon carcinoma cell lines is some type of programmed necrosis. In this article, we studied the mechanisms that trigger CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines and we acquire a further insight into the necrotic cell death induced in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cell lines. We have analyzed the intracellular calcium mobilization, mitochondrial membrane potential, PARP-1 participation and AIF translocation. Although the mitochondrial membrane depolarization plays a crucial role, our results suggest that CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death is context dependent. We have previously detected pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cell lines (Hs766T and HT-29, respectively) that were resistant to CLytA-DAAO-induced cell death. In this study, we have examined the putative mechanism underlying the resistance in these cell lines, evaluating both detoxification mechanisms and the inflammatory and survival responses. Overall, our results provide a better understanding on the cell death mechanism induced by CLytA-DAAO, a promising therapy against cancer.

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Caldwell, W. G. E., and G. M. Young. "The Early Carboniferous volcanic outliers of Little Cumbrae and south Bute: implications for westward attenuation of the Clyde Lava Plateau." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102, no. 1 (March 2011): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011010048.

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ABSTRACTLittle Cumbrae and south Bute are the closest outliers of Early Carboniferous Clyde Plateau volcanic rocks to those forming the plateau itself, and the only ones with the potential to reveal how the volcanic succession of the plateau becomes attenuated westward beneath the Firth of Clyde. Closest links are to the Renfrewshire Hills Block of the plateau proper, where the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation attains its greatest thickness and widest extent.Basal lavas in both outliers can be correlated to the lower part of the Strathgryfe Member of the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation (Viséan, Holkerian), which rests disconformably on the Clyde Sandstone Formation (Tournaisian, Chadian). Relative to the Renfrewshire Hills Block, this implies intervening overlap of three older members of the Clyde Plateau Formation and overstep of a varied sedimentary foundation. Higher lavas and pyroclastic accumulations in south Bute are correlative to the Misty Law Trachytic Member and upper part of the Strathgryfe Member. Thin lavas that cap the Renfrewshire Hills Block on its eastern flank probably never accumulated as far west as the present Firth of Clyde.Southwestward from the Renfrewshire Hills, the Clyde Plateau lavas lose about two thirds of their 1000-m thickness in 25–30 km – a rate of thinning that implies they may extend no farther than the Sound of Bute or northeastern Arran.

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Gottwald, Clytus, and Felix Heinzer. "Clytus Gottwald (1925–2023)." Wissen teilen 2, no. 2 (May 19, 2023): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/wissenteilen.v2i2.6384.

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Moneyhun, Clyde. "Interchanges." College Composition & Communication 63, no. 3 (February 1, 2012): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ccc201218450.

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Mackay, David W., and C. Ross Doughty. "Migratory salmonids of the Estuary and Firth of Clyde." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 90 (1986): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005170.

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SynopsisThe paper describes the salmon and sea trout stocks of the rivers entering the sea via the Estuary and Firth of the Clyde including the Rivers Clyde, Leven, the Carts, the rivers of the Ayrshire coast and those entering via the sea lochs and from the Mull of Kintyre. Particular attention is paid to the recent return of salmonids to the Rivers Clyde and Cart, which have been denied to migratory species for over a century because of pollution in the upper Clyde Estuary. The changing environmental conditions, which have made the reappearance of migratory salmonids possible, are described and the future importance of the fishery assessed.

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Randolph, Lynn M. "Clyde Connell." Woman's Art Journal 6, no. 2 (1985): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357996.

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Nina Notman, special to C&EN. "Clyde Inks." C&EN Global Enterprise 102, no. 2 (January 22, 2024): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10202-obits6.

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Wenzel, George W. "Inuit settlement in the Clyde area during “contact-exploration” times (ca. 1820-1895)." Études/Inuit/Studies 32, no. 2 (October 6, 2009): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038216ar.

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Abstract Boas, in his classic The Central Eskimo (1888), strongly implied that at the time of his most northerly journey the Baffin Island coast between northern Home Bay and Eclipse Sound, what is today the Clyde River area, was at most only lightly utilised by Inuit. Ethnohistorical inquiry about Inuit settlement in the area prior to a European presence was frustrated by a lack of temporal referencing for much of the information received from Clyde elders. However, more success was achieved by using temporally situated literature references as cues for informants. This paper relates Clyde Inuit recollections to three reports about 19th century Inuit in the region. The earliest of these (1820) occurred almost at the site of modern Clyde River, while the other two reports are both within a decade of Boas’s journey. These accounts, coupled with Mathiassen’s (1928) information from Inuit at Pond Inlet about their birthplaces and travels, suggest that the Clyde area, while perhaps not intensively occupied, was far from unknown to Inuit.

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STAINES, C. L., and ANDREW E. WHITTINGTON. "Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) types in the Royal Museum of Scotland Collection." Zootaxa 192, no. 1 (May 8, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.192.1.1.

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The types of twenty-three Chrysomelidae species in the Royal Museum of Scotland Collection are documented. Syntypes of Cassida flavicornis Olivier, Cassida guttata Olivier, Cassida humeralis Olivier, Cassida multipunctata Olivier, Cassida variolosa Olivier, Chrysomela atra Olivier, Chrysomela erythrocephala Olivier, Chrysomela ignita Olivier, Chrysomela lepida Olivier, Chrysomela variabilis spartii Olivier, Clytra floralis Olivier, Clytra paradoxa Olivier, Colaspis chrysis Olivier, Colaspis smaragdula Olivier, Donacia vittata Olivier, Doryphora angulata Stål, Galeruca coerulea Olivier, G. plebeja Olivier, Hispa maculata Olivier, H. scutellaris Olivier, Paropsis atomaria Olivier, Sagra splendida Olivier, and the lectotype of Chrysomela quadriguttata Olivier are present.

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Condamine, Thomas, Muriel Jager, Lucas Leclère, Corinne Blugeon, Sophie Lemoine, Richard R. Copley, and Michaël Manuel. "Molecular characterisation of a cellular conveyor belt in Clytia medusae." Developmental Biology 456, no. 2 (December 2019): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.001.

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Mason, James, and D. I. Fraser. "Shellfish fisheries in the Clyde Sea Area." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 90 (1986): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005145.

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SynopsisThe Clyde Sea Area has long been associated with shellfish fishing and has shared in the large expansion which has occurred during the past thirty-five years in the Scottish industry. Here, as elsewhere, the expansion has been helped by the establishment of processing facilities and in 1983 the landings of shellfish from the Clyde reached £4–5 million in value.The sea bed and shores in the Clyde provide a wide range of habitats which is reflected in the commercially important species which are taken. They range from the fine mud in which Norway lobsters burrow, through sand in which cockles occur, and sandy gravel which is suitable for scallops and queens, to the hard ground inhabited by lobsters and the rocky shores on which periwinkles abound.The most important shellfish in the Clyde, with annual landings valued at £3–75 million, is the Norway lobster, which is dealt with by Bailey et al. (1986). This contribution considers all the other species. The most valuable are scallops and queens, which now together exceed £400,000 p.a. in value. Periwinkles are gathered extensively on rocky shores. Squid are taken sporadically, by light trawlers and seine-netters, and occasionally, when they are especially abundant, form the basis of a directed fishery. Creel fishing for lobsters, edible crabs and velvet swimming crabs is less widespread than elsewhere round Scotland, but provides a useful income for a few boats. Mussels and cockles are gathered on a small scale, and cockle stocks in the Clyde proved especially valuable after English and Welsh stocks had been depleted by the severe winter of 1962–63. The only surviving fishery for the native oyster in Scotland is in the Clyde, in Loch Ryan, and attempts are being made to improve its production. Sea lochs in the Clyde offer conditions, particularly shelter, suitable for cultivating filterfeeding bivalve molluscs.

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Cox, Stephen, Nuala Marshall, Laura Bailey, Julie Franklin, Fraser Hunter, and Angela Walker. "‘Sae lofty and wide’." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 104 (November 10, 2023): 1–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2023.104.1-140.

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Archaeological investigations undertaken by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd as part of the Clyde Wind Farm and Clyde Wind Farm Extension construction project produced a body of evidence that tells the story of human occupation and settlement in the Upper Clyde Valley. The investigations conducted between 2007 and 2015 included evaluations, site excavations, and the monitoring of groundworks across four distinct landscapes: Clyde Valley North (Woodend), Camps Valley, Midlock Valley, and Clyde Valley South (Newton Plantation). The results of this work, together with those from specialist studies and scientific analyses, have allowed for a range of key research questions to be addressed. These include an exploration of prehistoric upland activities, the role of pits and special places, and the development of settlement patterns and structures. Evidence for mobile Mesolithic and Neolithic communities was identified across the landscape with indications of the repeated visitation of specific locations. The role of pits in the creation of special places was particularly evident across Camps and Midlock Valleys. In the 2nd millennium bc, the hillsides were transformed by the creation of platform settlements. Enclosed settlements and hillforts appeared along the banks of the Clyde Valley in the 1st millennium bc marking a distinct shift in the role of landscape in expressing status and identity. In addition to prehistoric remains, limited evidence of early historic metalworking and medieval rural settlement was uncovered. Across all landscapes and periods, the themes of transition and transformation came to the fore, painting an increasingly dynamic picture of life in the Upper Clyde Valley. The scale and complexity of the archaeological works also allowed for a review of current methodologies, including the role of an Archaeological Clerk of Works, with implications for future strategies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Clytie'

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