Dissertations / Theses: 'Clytie'

1

Lindner, Alberto. "Redescrição e ciclo de vida de Clytia gracilis e Clytia linearis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae)." Connect to this title online, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-14012002-131337/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lindner, Alberto. "Redescrição e ciclo de vida de Clytia gracilis e Clytia linearis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-14012002-131337/.

Full text

Abstract:

Os ciclos de vida de Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1899) e de duas espécies apresentando caracteres considerados diagnósticos de Clytia gracilis (M. Sars, 1850) aqui denominadas Clytia cf. gracilis sp. 1 e Clytia cf. gracilis sp. 2 foram estudados com base em espécimes coletados no infralitoral raso da costa de São Sebastião e Ilhabela, sudeste do Brasil, entre fevereiro de 1999 e abril de 2000. Medusas foram cultivadas em laboratório, a temperatura de 22-24oC. Colônias de C. linearis são monossifônicas, simpodiais, com até 21,5mm de altura e portando até 26 hidrantes e 10 gonângios. Medusas adultas, alcançando 2,5-3,6mm de diâmetro e até 29 tentáculos e 28 estatocistos, podem ser distinguidas de outras espécies de Clytia pela presença de nematocistos microbásicos mastigóforos do tipo C. Medusas adultas de Clytia cf. gracilis spp. 1 e 2 podem ser distinguidas das demais espécies do gênero estudadas até o momento pela presença de uma fileira de nematocistos microbásicos mastigóforos do tipo A na umbrela, no nível do canal circular. Medusas adultas de C. cf. gracilis sp. 1 e C. cf. gracilis sp. 2 apresentam até 16 tentáculos e podem ser distinguidas entre si pelo diâmetro da umbrela: 6,6-10,1mm e 3,6-5,5mm, respectivamente. Quanto ao estágio de pólipo, C. cf. gracilis sp. 1 apresenta usualmente colônias dicotômicas eretas, hidrotecas alongadas, e gonotecas na hidrorriza e pedículos. Estes caracteres concordam com a descrição de C. gracilis, mas as espécies diferem entre si pela morfometria das gonotecas e dos nematocistos microbásicos mastigóforos do tipo B: aproximadamente 15mm de comprimento para C. gracilis e 9-10mm para C. cf. gracilis sp. 1. Por outro lado, nematocistos do tipo B de C. cf. gracilis sp. 2, com aproximadamente 14,5mm de comprimento, em média, são morfometricamente semelhantes aos de C. gracilis. No entanto, C. cf. gracilis sp. 2 difere de C. gracilis pela forma da hidroteca, por apresentar gonotecas apenas na hidrorriza, e pelo hábito polissifônico do colônias bem desenvolvidas. Uma terceira espécie, C. cf. gracilis sp. 3, é descrita com base em uma colônia sem gonângios. Aspectos da sistemática de Clytia são discutidos.
he life-cycles of Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1899) and two species with characters considered diagnostic of Clytia gracilis (M. Sars, 1850) Clytia cf. gracilis sp. 1 and Clytia cf. gracilis sp. 2 have been studied based on specimens collected in the shallow subtidal coast of São Sebastião and Ilhabela, southeast Brazil, between February 1999 and April 2000. Medusae were cultured in the laboratory (22-24oC). Colonies of C. linearis are monosiphonic, sympodial, up to 21.5mm high and bearing up to 26 hydranths and 10 gonangia. Adult medusae reached 2.5-3.6mm in diameter, and up to 29 tentacles and 28 statocysts. The presence of microbasic mastigophore type C nematocysts distinguishes adult medusae of C. linearis from other species of Clytia. A band of microbasic mastigophore type A nematocysts in the umbrella, at the level of the circular canal, distinguishes adult medusae of Clytia cf. gracilis spp. 1 and 2 from other species of the genus. Adult medusae of C. cf. gracilis sp. 1 and C. cf. gracilis sp. 2 have up to 16 tentacles, and can be distinguished by the diameter of the umbrella: 6.6-10.1mm and 3.6-5.5mm, respectively. Colonies of C. cf. gracilis sp. 1 are usually erect and dichotomous, the hydrothecae are elongated and the gonothecae present in the hydrorhiza and pedicels. These features closely match with the description of C. gracilis, but both species differ in the morphometry of the gonothecae and microbasic mastigophore type B nematocysts: about 15mm (length) for C. gracilis and 9-10mm for C. cf. gracilis sp. 1. Type B nematocysts of C. cf. gracilis sp. 2 (about 14.5mm in length) are more similar in size to those of C. gracilis. However, the former species differs from the latter in the shape of the hydrothecae, by having gonothecae only at the hydrorhiza and polysiphonic well-developed colonies. A third species, C. cf. gracilis sp. 3, is described based on an unfertile colony. Aspects of the systematics of Clytia are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Quiroga, Artigas Gonzalo. "Light-induced oocyte maturation in the hydrozoan clytia hemisphaerica." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066284/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Un contrôle précis de la maturation ovocytaire et de la ponte sont essentiels au succès de la reproduction sexuée au sein le règne animal. Ces processus sont coordonnés précisément par des signaux endocriniens et/ou environnementaux, selon les espèces, mais beaucoup reste à apprendre sur leurs régulations. Chez les cnidaires, de nombreuses méduses du groupe des hydrozoaires sont connues pour produire des gamètes en réponse à la transition nuit/jour. Pour caractériser les machineries cellulaires et moléculaires liant la réception de la lumière à l'initiation de la maturation ovocytaire, j'ai étudié la méduse hydrozoaire Clytia hemisphaerica. Mon travail de thèse s’est découpé en trois parties, chacune impliquant l'identification d'un composant moléculaire clé de ce processus.Mon étude initiale faisait partie d'une collaboration avec N. Takeda (Asamushi) et R. Deguchi (Sendai), chercheurs qui avaient, avant le début de ma thèse, identifié chez Clytia les Hormones d'Incitation de Maturation ovocytaire endogènes (MIH) comme étant des tétrapeptides de type WPRPamide, produit par clivage de deux précurseurs à neuropeptides. J'ai montré par hybridation in situ et immunofluorescence que les deux gènes précurseurs du MIH sont exprimés par un type de cellules neurosécrétrices localisées au niveau de l’ectoderme de la gonade, et que les peptides MIH sont sécrétés par ces mêmes cellules suite à une stimulation lumineuse. Cette étude a posé les bases permettant l'identification des régulateurs agissant en amont et en aval du MIH, et plus spécifiquement ceux impliqués dans la photoréception de l’ectoderme de la gonade et la réception du MIH par les ovocytes.Pour identifier le récepteur du MIH de Clytia (CheMIHR) dans les ovocytes, j'ai compilé à partir de données transcriptomiques issues de tissus de gonades, une liste de 16 protéines candidates de la famille des Récepteurs Couplés aux Protéines G (GPCR). J'ai cloné les 16 cDNAs et, utilisant une méthode de « deorphelinisation » de GPCR basée sur de la culture cellulaire (collaboration avec P. Bauknecht et G. Jékély; MPI, Tübingen), j’ai pu identifier un GPCR activée par des peptides MIH synthétiques. Sa fonction in vivo comme récepteur essentiel du MIH a été confirmée par la méthode d'édition génétique CRISPR/CAS9. La délétion ainsi produite, entraînant un déplacement du cadre de lecture au sein du gène CheMIHR, a détérioré la croissance des colonies de polypes et le comportement de ponte des méduses matures. Confirmant la fonction de CheMIHR, la maturation ovocytaire chez des mutants CheMIHR ne pouvait pas être déclenchée par la lumière ou par addition de MIH synthétiques, mais pouvait être rétablie en utilisant des analogues au cAMP, molécule connue pour agir en aval de la réception du MIH dans les ovocytes d’hydrozoaires. Des analyses phylogénétiques ont montré que Clytia MIHR est affilié à un sous-ensemble de familles de neuropeptides de bilaterians impliqués dans divers processus physiologiques, notamment la régulation de la reproduction. Des hybridations in situ sur les méduses Clytia, ont en outre montré l'expression des précurseurs de CheMIH et de CheMIHR dans des cellules neurales hors de la gonade, suggérant un rôle plus large du couple CheMIH-MIHR que la seule initiation de la maturation ovocytaire.Pour mieux comprendre la photoréception des gonades chez Clyita, j'ai montré que la ponte est sélectivement incitée par la lumière bleu-cyan, et mis en évidence, grâce à l’analyse de données de transcriptome de gonade, qu’un photopigment de la famille des Opsin (Opsin9) est hautement exprimé dans l'ectoderme. De façon saisissante, les hybridations in situ ont montré que le gène Opsin9 est exprimé dans les mêmes cellules sécrétant le MIH. L'introduction d'une mutation de changement de cadre de lecture dans le gène Opsin9 via la technologie CRISPR/Cas9 a empêché la maturation ovocytaire et la ponte des méduses mutantes en réponse à la lumière
Tight control of oocyte maturation and of gamete release is essential for successful sexual reproduction in the animal kingdom. These processes are precisely coordinated by endocrine and/or environmental cues, depending on the species, but much remains to be learned about their regulation. Within the Cnidaria, many hydrozoan jellyfish are known to spawn mature gametes following dark/light transitions. To characterise the cellular and molecular machinery linking light reception and oocyte maturation initiation, I have studied the hydrozoan jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. My thesis work had three parts, each involving the identification of a key molecular component of this process.My initial study was part of a collaboration with N. Takeda (Asamushi) and R. Deguchi (Sendai), who identified the endogenous oocyte Maturation-Inducing Hormones (MIH) in Clytia as WPRPamide-related tetrapeptides, generated by cleavage of two neuropeptide precursors. I showed by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence that Clytia MIH is produced by neurosecretory cells of the gonad ectoderm that co-express the two precursor genes, and that it is secreted upon light stimulation. This study paved the way for identification of regulators acting upstream and downstream of MIH release in the gonads, specifically the ones involved in photoreception in the gonad ectoderm, and in MIH reception by the oocytes. To identify the Clytia MIH receptor (CheMIHR) in the oocytes, I compiled a shortlist of 16 candidate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) from gonad transcriptome data. I cloned all 16 cDNAs and, using a cell culture-based "GPCR deorphanization" assay (collaboration with P. Bauknecht and G. Jékély; MPI, Tübingen), identified one GPCR that was activated by synthetic MIH peptides. Its in vivo function as the essential MIH receptor was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Introduction of a frame-shift mutation in the CheMIHR gene impaired growth of Clytia polyp colonies and also the spawning behaviour of mature medusae. Confirming the function of CheMIHR, oocyte maturation in CheMIHR mutants could not be triggered by light or by synthetic MIH, but could be restored using cell-permeable analogues of cAMP, known to act downstream of MIH reception in hydrozoan oocytes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Clytia MIHR is related to a subset of bilaterian neuropeptide hormone receptor families involved in diverse physiological processes, including regulation of reproduction. Accordingly, in situ hybridization showed the expression of Clytia MIH precursors and MIHR in non-gonadal neural cells, suggesting a wider role of Clytia MIH-MIHR besides oocyte maturation initiation.To address gonad photoreception, I showed that Clytia spawning is selectively induced by blue-cyan light, and then identified using gonad transcriptome data an opsin photopigment (Opsin9) highly expressed in the ectoderm. Strikingly, in situ hybridization showed that Opsin9 is expressed in the MIH-secreting cells. Introduction of a frame-shift mutation into the Opsin9 gene via CRISPR/Cas9 prevented oocyte maturation and spawning of mutant jellyfish in response to light. Anti-MIH immunofluorescence and rescue experiments with synthetic MIH showed that the essential function of Opsin9 is upstream of MIH release. Spawning in Clytia thus appears to be regulated by a dual function photosensory-neurosecretory cell type, perhaps retained from a distant metazoan ancestor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Quiroga, Artigas Gonzalo. "Light-induced oocyte maturation in the hydrozoan clytia hemisphaerica." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066284.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Un contrôle précis de la maturation ovocytaire et de la ponte sont essentiels au succès de la reproduction sexuée au sein le règne animal. Ces processus sont coordonnés précisément par des signaux endocriniens et/ou environnementaux, selon les espèces, mais beaucoup reste à apprendre sur leurs régulations. Chez les cnidaires, de nombreuses méduses du groupe des hydrozoaires sont connues pour produire des gamètes en réponse à la transition nuit/jour. Pour caractériser les machineries cellulaires et moléculaires liant la réception de la lumière à l'initiation de la maturation ovocytaire, j'ai étudié la méduse hydrozoaire Clytia hemisphaerica. Mon travail de thèse s’est découpé en trois parties, chacune impliquant l'identification d'un composant moléculaire clé de ce processus.Mon étude initiale faisait partie d'une collaboration avec N. Takeda (Asamushi) et R. Deguchi (Sendai), chercheurs qui avaient, avant le début de ma thèse, identifié chez Clytia les Hormones d'Incitation de Maturation ovocytaire endogènes (MIH) comme étant des tétrapeptides de type WPRPamide, produit par clivage de deux précurseurs à neuropeptides. J'ai montré par hybridation in situ et immunofluorescence que les deux gènes précurseurs du MIH sont exprimés par un type de cellules neurosécrétrices localisées au niveau de l’ectoderme de la gonade, et que les peptides MIH sont sécrétés par ces mêmes cellules suite à une stimulation lumineuse. Cette étude a posé les bases permettant l'identification des régulateurs agissant en amont et en aval du MIH, et plus spécifiquement ceux impliqués dans la photoréception de l’ectoderme de la gonade et la réception du MIH par les ovocytes.Pour identifier le récepteur du MIH de Clytia (CheMIHR) dans les ovocytes, j'ai compilé à partir de données transcriptomiques issues de tissus de gonades, une liste de 16 protéines candidates de la famille des Récepteurs Couplés aux Protéines G (GPCR). J'ai cloné les 16 cDNAs et, utilisant une méthode de « deorphelinisation » de GPCR basée sur de la culture cellulaire (collaboration avec P. Bauknecht et G. Jékély; MPI, Tübingen), j’ai pu identifier un GPCR activée par des peptides MIH synthétiques. Sa fonction in vivo comme récepteur essentiel du MIH a été confirmée par la méthode d'édition génétique CRISPR/CAS9. La délétion ainsi produite, entraînant un déplacement du cadre de lecture au sein du gène CheMIHR, a détérioré la croissance des colonies de polypes et le comportement de ponte des méduses matures. Confirmant la fonction de CheMIHR, la maturation ovocytaire chez des mutants CheMIHR ne pouvait pas être déclenchée par la lumière ou par addition de MIH synthétiques, mais pouvait être rétablie en utilisant des analogues au cAMP, molécule connue pour agir en aval de la réception du MIH dans les ovocytes d’hydrozoaires. Des analyses phylogénétiques ont montré que Clytia MIHR est affilié à un sous-ensemble de familles de neuropeptides de bilaterians impliqués dans divers processus physiologiques, notamment la régulation de la reproduction. Des hybridations in situ sur les méduses Clytia, ont en outre montré l'expression des précurseurs de CheMIH et de CheMIHR dans des cellules neurales hors de la gonade, suggérant un rôle plus large du couple CheMIH-MIHR que la seule initiation de la maturation ovocytaire.Pour mieux comprendre la photoréception des gonades chez Clyita, j'ai montré que la ponte est sélectivement incitée par la lumière bleu-cyan, et mis en évidence, grâce à l’analyse de données de transcriptome de gonade, qu’un photopigment de la famille des Opsin (Opsin9) est hautement exprimé dans l'ectoderme. De façon saisissante, les hybridations in situ ont montré que le gène Opsin9 est exprimé dans les mêmes cellules sécrétant le MIH. L'introduction d'une mutation de changement de cadre de lecture dans le gène Opsin9 via la technologie CRISPR/Cas9 a empêché la maturation ovocytaire et la ponte des méduses mutantes en réponse à la lumière
Tight control of oocyte maturation and of gamete release is essential for successful sexual reproduction in the animal kingdom. These processes are precisely coordinated by endocrine and/or environmental cues, depending on the species, but much remains to be learned about their regulation. Within the Cnidaria, many hydrozoan jellyfish are known to spawn mature gametes following dark/light transitions. To characterise the cellular and molecular machinery linking light reception and oocyte maturation initiation, I have studied the hydrozoan jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. My thesis work had three parts, each involving the identification of a key molecular component of this process.My initial study was part of a collaboration with N. Takeda (Asamushi) and R. Deguchi (Sendai), who identified the endogenous oocyte Maturation-Inducing Hormones (MIH) in Clytia as WPRPamide-related tetrapeptides, generated by cleavage of two neuropeptide precursors. I showed by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence that Clytia MIH is produced by neurosecretory cells of the gonad ectoderm that co-express the two precursor genes, and that it is secreted upon light stimulation. This study paved the way for identification of regulators acting upstream and downstream of MIH release in the gonads, specifically the ones involved in photoreception in the gonad ectoderm, and in MIH reception by the oocytes. To identify the Clytia MIH receptor (CheMIHR) in the oocytes, I compiled a shortlist of 16 candidate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) from gonad transcriptome data. I cloned all 16 cDNAs and, using a cell culture-based "GPCR deorphanization" assay (collaboration with P. Bauknecht and G. Jékély; MPI, Tübingen), identified one GPCR that was activated by synthetic MIH peptides. Its in vivo function as the essential MIH receptor was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Introduction of a frame-shift mutation in the CheMIHR gene impaired growth of Clytia polyp colonies and also the spawning behaviour of mature medusae. Confirming the function of CheMIHR, oocyte maturation in CheMIHR mutants could not be triggered by light or by synthetic MIH, but could be restored using cell-permeable analogues of cAMP, known to act downstream of MIH reception in hydrozoan oocytes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Clytia MIHR is related to a subset of bilaterian neuropeptide hormone receptor families involved in diverse physiological processes, including regulation of reproduction. Accordingly, in situ hybridization showed the expression of Clytia MIH precursors and MIHR in non-gonadal neural cells, suggesting a wider role of Clytia MIH-MIHR besides oocyte maturation initiation.To address gonad photoreception, I showed that Clytia spawning is selectively induced by blue-cyan light, and then identified using gonad transcriptome data an opsin photopigment (Opsin9) highly expressed in the ectoderm. Strikingly, in situ hybridization showed that Opsin9 is expressed in the MIH-secreting cells. Introduction of a frame-shift mutation into the Opsin9 gene via CRISPR/Cas9 prevented oocyte maturation and spawning of mutant jellyfish in response to light. Anti-MIH immunofluorescence and rescue experiments with synthetic MIH showed that the essential function of Opsin9 is upstream of MIH release. Spawning in Clytia thus appears to be regulated by a dual function photosensory-neurosecretory cell type, perhaps retained from a distant metazoan ancestor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Fourrage, Cécile. "Identification et caractérisation d'ARNs localisés et de protéines maternels chez Clytia hemisphaerica." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066418.

Full text

Abstract:

Chez les métazoaires, les premières phases du développement embryonnaire sont assurées par des facteurs maternels de nature variée. Accumulées et positionnées dans l’œuf au cours de sa formation, ces molécules constituent les ressources en nutriments nécessaires et les informations permettant de gouverner la mise en place du plan d’organisation de l’embryon. Cette thèse illustre le rôle fondamental de facteurs maternels dans le développement embryonnaire chez le cnidaire Clytia hemisphaerica à travers trois volets. Le premier aborde le phénomène de localisation des ARNs. A la suite de la découverte des ARNs déterminants CheFz1, CheFz3 et CheWnt3, de nouveaux ARNs maternels, localisés dans l’œuf de Clytia selon différents patrons, ont été identifiés. L’étude des mécanismes de localisation de ces ARNs a été débutée par une première analyse des séquences 3’UTRs et l’observation du comportement d’ARNs fluorescents injectés dans les ovocytes en cours de maturation. Le deuxième volet concerne la protéine centriolaire Poc1, qui chez Clytia hemisphaerica a une localisation centrosomale et est nécessaire pour assurer les divisions cellulaires et la gastrulation. Le troisième volet concerne les protéines fluorescentes GFP et les photoprotéines Clytines. Chez Clytia, un gène GFP ainsi qu’un gène Clytine sont spécifiquement exprimés dans les ovocytes et leurs protéines co-adressées aux mitochondries. Un transfert d’énergie in vivo a été mis en évidence dans les œufs, indiquant un couplage fonctionnel des deux protéines maternelles. Dans l’ensemble, ce travail a fourni de nouvelles connaissances concernant la phase maternelle du développement chez une espèce modèle émergente

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Peron, Sophie. "Bases cellulaires et moléculaires de la régénération chez la méduse Clytia hemisphaerica." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS325.

Full text

Abstract:

La méduse hydrozoaire Clytia hemisphaerica a une plasticité lui permettant de répondre efficacement à différents types de blessure. Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis intéressée aux processus cellulaires et moléculaires au cours de la régénération de l’organe digestif regroupant la bouche et l’estomac (appelé ‘manubrium’) chez cette méduse. J’ai pu observer que la réponse à la blessure se décompose en trois phases successives : la cicatrisation, le remodelage de l’ombrelle rétablissant la forme méduse et la régénération de certains des organes manquants. La régénération du manubrium repose sur la formation d’une zone de prolifération locale et sur des migrations de cellules souches venant des gonades. Des éléments structuraux, notamment les fibres musculaires, jouent un rôle clef dans le repatterning de l’ombrelle et la position du manubrium régénéré. J’ai également généré des données transcriptomiques des premiers stades de la régénération. Ces données ont permis d’identifier des marqueurs de différents types cellulaires du manubrium, et d’observer leur réapparition séquentielle au cours de la régénération. Elles ont également révélé que la voie Wnt/β-caténine est la voie de signalisation présentant l’expression la plus dynamique dans le manubrium en régénération, jouant très certainement un rôle important dans la régénération de cet organe. Les travaux réalisés confirment le potentiel de la méduse Clytia comme modèle de régénération permettant d’adresser de nombreuses questions sur le plan cellulaire et moléculaire, et ainsi de mieux comprendre l’évolution des mécanismes de régénération chez les métazoaires
The hydrozoan jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica displays very efficient wound repair mechanisms after different types of injury. During my PhD, I investigated in the medusa the cellular and molecular processes involved in the regeneration of the feeding organ, called ‘manubrium’, ensuring the function of the mouth and stomach. I could define three successive phases during the wound response: wound healing, remodeling of the umbrella allowing the rapid recovery of the circular medusae shape, followed by the regeneration of some of the missing organs. Manubrium regeneration relies on local proliferation as well as cell migration from the gonads. Structural elements, especially the muscle fibers, play a key role in the repatterning process of the umbrella and the site of manubrium regeneration. I also generated transcriptomic data covering the early steps of regeneration. These data allowed the identification of markers of different cell types of the manubrium and documentation of their sequential reappearance during regeneration. They also revealed dynamic expression profiles for Wnt/β-catenin pathway components in the regenerating manubrium, strongly suggesting important roles for this pathway during regeneration. This work confirmed the potential of Clytia medusae as an experimental model for studying regeneration, allowing conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms to be uncovered, and our knowledge about the evolution of regeneration mechanisms in metazoans to be expanded

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ferraioli, Anna. "Comparison of cell types across life cycle stages of the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS497.

Full text

Abstract:

L'Hydrozoaire Clytia hemisphaerica présente un cycle de vie triphasique, typique des hydrozoaires, comprenant une colonie de polypes à propagation végétative et une forme nageant librement, la méduse qui est se reproduisent de façon sexuée. Les méduses mâles et femelles se reproduisent quotidiennement, déclenchées par la lumière et environ un jour après la fécondation, une larve planula ciliée se forme. Après trois jours, la planula se fixe sur le substrat et se métamorphose pour donner naissance à un polype fondateur de la colonie, destiné pour l’alimentation, le gastrozooïde. La colonie se propage par extension du stolon et un deuxième type de polype, le gonozooïde, libère des méduses par bourgeonnement. L'analyse du génome et des transcriptomes à travers les trois principaux stades de vie de Clytia ont révélé des programmes d'expression génique spécifiques à chaque étape (Leclère et al. 2019, Nat Eco & Evo). Nous étendons maintenant cette comparaison au niveau des types cellulaire en utilisant la technologie du Single Cell RNA-seq chez la méduse et la larve de Clytia. Avec L. Leclère et S. Chevalier (LBDV), nous avons généré un atlas cellulaire de la méduse femelle en collaboration avec T. Chari et J. Gehring du laboratoire de L. Pachter et B. Weissbourd du laboratoire de D. Anderson à Caltech (Chari et al. 2021, Science Advances). L'analyse de l'atlas cellulaire de la méduse a révélé huit classes cellulaires, dont l'épiderme et le gastroderme, les cellules bioluminescentes, les ovocytes et les cellules souches multipotentes (I-Cells) des hydrozoaires et leurs dérivés tels que les cellules neurales, les nématocytes et les cellules glandulaires. L'analyse par hybridation in situ des profils d'expression ont révélé des sous-types non caractérisés auparavant, dont 14 sous-populations neuronales. L'analyse de la trajectoire de la lignée des nématocystes a révélé deux programmes transcriptionnels distincts au sein de cette classe cellulaire, une phase "nématoblaste", caractérisée par la production de la capsule du nématocyste, et la phase de différenciation du nématocyste, caractérisée par la production du nématocil.L’obtention du ScRNAseq pour la planula Clytia a nécessité l'optimisation des protocoles de dissociation, de fixation et de sélection des cellules (collaboration avec le groupe d'Arnau Sébé-Pedros, Barcelone). L’atlas cellulaire de la planula est constitué de 4370 cellules regroupées en 19 clusters cellulaires. Après une analyse des profils d'expression par hybridation in situ de gènes connus et nouveaux à trois stades de développement de la planula, nous avons pu attribuer des identités cellulaires et combiner les 19 clusters en 8 grandes classes cellulaires. Celles-ci correspondent aux deux couches de tissu épithélial classic chez les cnidaires, l'épiderme et le gastroderme, les cellules souches hydrozoaires (I-Cells), les nématocytes (cellules urticantes), les cellules neurales, les cellules neurosécrétrices aborales et des populations distinctes de cellules sécrétrices, les cellules muqueuses et les cellules excrétrices putatives (PEC).Cet atlas des types cellulaires de la planula de Clytia représente le premier atlas cellulaire d'une larve d'hydrozoaire et fournit la caractérisation de populations cellulaires non décrites auparavant ainsi que des informations supplémentaires sur les types cellulaires déjà connus. L'analyse comparative des deux atlas cellulaires a révélé des programmes transcriptionnels de nématocytes similaires entre les stades, indiquant que les deux étapes du développement des nématocytes persiste pendant les transitions du cycle de vie. Nous avons également pu identifier des types cellulaires exprimant les mêmes gènes chez les deux stades. Parmi ces gènes partagés, des sous-types cellulaires ont été trouvés uniquement dans la méduse. L'analyse des programmes d'expression génique a également révélé la présence de types cellulaires supposément spécifiques à chaque stade
The hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica displays a typical tri-phasic hydrozoan life cycle including a vegetatively propagating polyp colony and free-swimming medusa form as the sexually reproductive life stage. Male and female jellyfish spawn daily, triggered by light and after fertilisation a ciliated planula larva forms in about one day. After three days the planula settles and metamorphoses to give rise to a primary feeding polyp, the gastrozooid, founder of the polyp colony. The colony propagates by stolon extension and a second type of polyp, the gonozooid, releases medusa by budding. Analysis of the genome and the bulk transcriptome across the three life stages revealed specific gene expression programs for each stage (Leclère et al. 2019, Nature Ecology & Evolution). We are now extending this comparison to the level of individual cell types via single-cell RNA transcriptomics of Clytia medusa and larva. Together with L. Leclère and S. Chevalier (LBDV), we generated a female medusa cell atlas in collaboration with T. Chari and J. Gehring from L. Pachter’s lab and B. Weissbourd from D. Anderson’s lab at Caltech (Chari et al. 2021, Science Advances). Analysis of the medusa cell atlas revealed eight broad cell type classes including epidermis and gastrodermis, bioluminescent cells, oocytes and the hydrozoan multipotent stem cells (i cells) and their derivatives such as neurons, nematocytes and gland cells. In situ hybridisation analysis of expression patterns revealed previously uncharacterized subtypes including 14 neuronal subpopulations. Trajectory analysis of the nematocyte lineage revealed two distinct transcriptional programs within this cell class, a “nematoblast” phase, characterised by the production of the typical nematocyte capsule, and the nematocyte differentiation phase, characterised by the production of the nematocil apparatus. ScRNAseq for the Clytia planula required refinement of cell dissociation, fixation and sorting protocols (collaboration with Arnau Sebé-Pedros’ group, Barcelona). Our planula Cell Atlas consists of 4370 cells grouped in 19 cell clusters. Following in situ hybridisation expression patterns analysis of known and novel genes at three planula developmental stages we could assign cell identities and combine the 19 clusters in 8 broad cell classes. These correspond to the two cnidarian epithelial tissue layers, the epidermis and the gastrodermis, the hydrozoan stem cells (I-cells), the nematocytes (stinging cells), neural cells, aboral neurosecretory cells and distinct population of secretory cells, mucous cells and putative excretory cells (PEC). This Clytia planula Cell Types Atlas represents the first cell atlas of an hydrozoan larva and provides characterization of previously undescribed cell populations as well as further information on already known cell types. Comparison analysis of the two Cell Atlases revealed similar nematocyte transcriptional programs between stages indicating that the two distinct developmental programs persist during life cycle transitions. We could identify shared gene expression at the cell type level between life stages. Among those, further subtypes were only found in the adult. Analysis of gene expression programs also revealed the presence of putative stage specific cell types

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Byrum, Christine Annette. "A cellular analysis of gastrulation by unipolar ingression in the hydrozoan Phialidium (Clytia) gregarium /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008293.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kerr, Stephen. ""Good old Clyde", Clyde Carr, M.P. : Timaru and the art of incumbency, 1928-1962." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of History, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4267.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates the long incumbency of Clyde Carr, Labour MP for Timaru between 1928 and 1962. Before entering politics, Carr was a minister in the Methodist and Congregationalist Churches, a journalist, an editor, a poet and a radio announcer. He served on the Christchurch City Council from 1922 to 1928. Carr's career is unique in New Zealand parliamentary history as the longest term by a backbench MP in a provincial town seat. Two approaches are taken to explain Carr's incumbency. Firstly, the historical and social nature of the Timaru electorate is described and compared with nine other provincial town electorates. Timaru was characterised by slow population growth and high levels of union is at ion in the period, and both these factors were statistically associated with a high Labour vote in provincial town electorates. The high level of residential segregation in Timaru may also have acted to consolidate Labour support there. Secondly, Carr's behaviour at his eleven successful election campaigns in the seat is described. Carr's idiosyncratic political style and personal charisma were instrumental in his success in holding the seat, especially at elections where the country as a whole swung away from Labour. Six themes characterise Carr's political thought and behaviour: diligent constituency work, a natural ability to communicate in a wide range of contexts, innovative and active campaigning at elections, a "common touch", frequent involvement in controversy of one kind or another, and good fortune.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Meneau, Ferdinand. "De nouveaux modes de régulation d’ARPP19 éclairent la reprise de la méiose de l’ovocyte : une étude croisée chez la méduse et l'amphibien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS363.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Ma thèse a porté sur le rôle d’ARPP19, une protéine qui est au cœur du mécanisme de reprise de la méiose des ovocytes. Chez tous les animaux, la méiose des ovocytes s’interrompt en prophase I. Ce long arrêt est mis à profit par l’ovocyte qui accumule des molécules nutritives et informatives utilisées lors de l’embryogenèse. L’arrêt en prophase est dû au maintien sous une forme inactive du MPF (M-phase Promoting Factor). Ce complexe, formé de la kinase Cdk1 et de la Cycline B, est le moteur de la division des cellules eucaryotes. Chez les vertébrés, une activité élevée de la kinase PKA (Protéine Kinase dépendant de l’AMPc) empêche l’activation du MPF, ce qui maintient le blocage en prophase de l’ovocyte. Un stimulus hormonal provoque la levée de ce blocage et la reprise de la méiose. Chez les vertébrés, l’un des premiers évènements induits par cette stimulation est l’inactivation de PKA, ce qui enclenche une voie de signalisation aboutissant à l’activation du MPF. Ma thèse a porté sur les mécanismes permettant à PKA de contrôler le MPF. Chez le Xénope, l’un des substrats-clés de PKA est ARPP19, phosphorylée par PKA sur la sérine 109 (S109). Suite à l’inactivation de PKA par la stimulation hormonale, ARPP19 est déphosphorylé par la phosphatase PP2A-B55 et permet indirectement l’activation du MPF. Au moment où le MPF s’active, ARPP19 remplit une autre fonction. Le MPF active la kinase Greatwall (Gwl) qui phosphoryle ARPP19 sur la sérine 67 (S67), le convertissant en un inhibiteur de PP2A-B55. Cette inhibition est essentielle pour la division car cette phosphatase s’oppose au MPF en déphosphorylant ses substrats. Le contrôle négatif exercé par PKA sur le MPF n’est pas conservé chez tous les métazoaires. De nombreuses espèces non-vertébrées présentent un mécanisme inversé : la levée du blocage en prophase ne dépend pas d’une inactivation, mais d’une activation de PKA, comme chez la méduse Clytia hemisphaerica. Or, ARPP19 est exprimé dans les ovocytes de cette espèce. La protéine devrait donc être phosphorylée par PKA dans l’ovocyte de Clytia. Comment ne bloque-t-elle pas l’activation du MPF? J’ai montré qu’ARPP19 de Clytia (ClyARPP19) possédait un site de phosphorylation par PKA. Néanmoins, ClyARPP19 est un mauvais substrat de PKA et n’est pas phosphorylé par cette kinase dans l’ovocyte. En outre, les mécanismes par lesquels il inhibe le MPF ne sont pas fonctionnels chez Clytia. Une double sécurité protège donc l’ovocyte de Clytia d’une inhibition du MPF par ARPP19. Mes résultats permettent d’établir un scénario évolutif quant au contrôle négatif exercé par PKA sur la reprise de la méiose chez les vertébrés. Contrairement au contrôle d’ARPP19 par Gwl, retrouvé chez tous les eucaryotes, le site de phosphorylation d’ARPP19 par PKA apparaît chez les métazoaires, chez qui il est conservé. Mais il n’est utilisé comme régulateur de la reprise de la méiose que chez les vertébrés, grâce à un accroissement de son potentiel de phosphorylation par PKA. J’ai ensuite étudié les mécanismes permettant à la forme phosphorylée sur S109 d’ARPP19 d’inhiber le MPF. J’ai découvert qu’en prophase, ARPP19 est faiblement phosphorylé sur la S67 par une activité basale de Gwl. Or, il est critique de limiter cette phosphorylation pour éviter une reprise spontanée de la méiose. J’ai montré que deux types de régulation limitaient cette phosphorylation. Le premier est la phosphorylation de la S109 par PKA, le second est une régulation intramoléculaire reposant sur deux domaines de la partie C-terminale d’ARPP19. Mes travaux conduisent à une nouvelle vision de l’arrêt en prophase, un état métastable où ARPP19 est à la fois phosphorylé sur S109 (majeure) et S67 (mineure). Ils permettent de dégager un rôle négatif de la phosphorylation d’ARPP19 par PKA sur l’activation du MPF : empêcher la phosphorylation par Gwl. La déphosphorylation de la S109 en réponse à l’hormone génère une protéine ARPP19 accessible à Gwl, l’un des éléments nécessaires à l’activation du MPF
My thesis focused on the role of ARPP19, a protein at the center of meiosis resumption in oocytes. In all animals, oocyte meiosis is interrupted during prophase I. This long pause is used by the oocyte to accumulate nutritive and informative molecules that will serve during embryogenesis. The prophase arrest is due to an inactive form of MPF (M-phase Promoting Factor). This complex, made up of the Cdk1 kinase and Cyclin B, is the driving force behind eukaryotic cell division. In vertebrates, high levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity prevent MPF activation, keeping the oocyte blocked in prophase. A hormonal stimulus releases the prophase arrest and promotes meiosis resumption. In vertebrates, one of the first events induced by this stimulation is the inactivation of PKA, triggering a signaling pathway leading to MPF activation. My thesis focused on the mechanisms by which PKA controls MPF. In Xenopus, one of PKA key substrates is ARPP19, phosphorylated by PKA on serine 109 (S109). Following inactivation of PKA by the hormonal stimulation, ARPP19 is dephosphorylated by the PP2A-B55 phosphatase, indirectly enabling MPF activation. When MPF activates, ARPP19 undertakes another function. MPF activates the Greatwall kinase (Gwl), which phosphorylates ARPP19 on serine 67 (S67), converting it into an inhibitor of PP2A-B55. This inhibition is essential for division, as this phosphatase opposes MPF by dephosphorylating its substrates. The negative control exerted by PKA on MPF is not conserved in all metazoans. Many non-vertebrate species show an inverted mechanism: the release of the prophase block does not depend on PKA inactivation, but on its activation, as in the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. ARPP19 is expressed in the oocytes of this species. The protein should therefore be phosphorylated by PKA in the Clytia oocyte. Why does it not block MPF activation? I have shown that Clytia ARPP19 (ClyARPP19) has a PKA phosphorylation site. However, ClyARPP19 is a poor substrate of PKA and is not phosphorylated by this kinase in the oocyte. Moreover, the mechanisms by which it inhibits MPF are not functional in Clytia. This double security level therefore protects Clytia oocyte from MPF inhibition by ARPP19. My results provide an evolutionary scenario for the negative control exerted by PKA on the resumption of meiosis in vertebrates. Unlike the control of ARPP19 by Gwl, conserved in all eukaryotes, the phosphorylation site of ARPP19 by PKA appears in metazoans, where it is conserved. But it is used as a regulator of meiosis resumption only in vertebrates, thanks to an increase of its phosphorylation potential by PKA. I then investigated the mechanisms by which the phosphorylated form of ARPP19 on S109 inhibits MPF. I discovered that in prophase, ARPP19 is weakly phosphorylated on S67 by a basal Gwl activity. Limiting this phosphorylation is critical to prevent spontaneous resumption of meiosis. I have shown that two types of regulation limit this phosphorylation by Gwl. The first is S109 phosphorylation by PKA, the second is an intramolecular regulation based on two domains in the C-terminal part of ARPP19. My work leads to a new vision of the prophase arrest, a metastable state in which ARPP19 is phosphorylated on both S109 (major) and S67 (minor). They provide insight into one negative role of PKA-phosphorylated ARPP19 on MPF activation: preventing phosphorylation by Gwl. Dephosphorylation of S109 in response to the hormone generates an ARPP19 protein accessible to Gwl, one of the key elements required for MPF activation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Paterson, Hugh T. "Seamen on the Clyde, 1880-1914 : work and industrial relations in the Clyde shipping industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681750.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Peebles, Hugh B. "Warship building on the Clyde, 1889-1939 : a financial study." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1789.

Full text

Abstract:

The part played by warshipbuilding in sustaining the Clyde shipbuilding industry between 1889 and 1939 has received less attention than it deserves. Only a minority of firms undertook warshipbuilding in peacetime but they included some of the leading shipyards an the Clyde. This study, based on a detailed examination of accounts and cost records, shows that naval work was of critical importance for these firms from the 1890's onwards. All of the firms which took advantage of the expansion in the demand for warships in the 1890's were in financial difficulties and profitable naval contracts were largely responsible for reviving their fortunes. From then until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, naval work constituted a major part of their output and the most profitable part of it. By 19149 all of the warshipbuilders had expanded their capacity and provided expensive new facilities largely an the strength of the demand for warships and the three biggest yards were owned by armaments manufacturers who were primarily interested in shipyards for their warshipbuilding capability. After the war, the demand for armaments contracted and the warshipbuilders were faced with the problem of finding profitable employment for capacity designed for building warships and warship engines. This proved to be impossible and the relative dearth of naval contracts in the 1920's and early 1930's was the primary cause of the severe financial difficulties in which they found themselves when the onset of the world financial crisis in 1931 brought merchant shipbuilding to a standstill. Only Beardmore's succumbed but, had rearmament not been in the offing, it is doubtful if many of the warshipbuilding yards would have survived the ensuing crisis. As it was the survivors regained their financial stability by 1939 only because of the revival in the demand for warships.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ruggiero, Antonella. "Impact of Wnt signalling on multipotent stem cell dynamics during Clytia hemisphaerica embryonic and larval development." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066561/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Le but de ce travail était d’accroitre notre connaissance des mécanismes qui gouvernent la formation, la spécification et la différentiation des cellules souches, à l’aide du modèle métazoaire non-bilatérien Clytia hemisphaerica. Clytia possède une population particulière de cellules multipotentes appelées cellules interstitielles (i-cells). Ces cellules, présentes au cours du développement larvaire et chez la méduse adulte, sont capables de donner naissances a des cellules somatiques et aux gamètes. Chez les bilatériens, la signalisation Wnt/β-caténine (Wntβc) régule les processus développementaux fondamentaux ainsi que la prolifération, la spécification et la différenciation des cellules souches. Mon travail s’est porté sur l’implication de la signalisation Wntβc dans les dynamiques des i-cells. Mes résultats suggèrent que la signalisation Wntβc est impliquée dans la dernière étape de la différenciation de certains neurones, mais pas pour la spécification du destin cellulaire. D’autre part, j’ai aussi observé qu’en condition contrôle, la formation des i-cells est Wntβc-indépendante et probablement entraînée par le héritage de plasma germinatif contenant les ARNm localisées au pôle animal. Cependant, suite à des expériences de microdissection, j’ai observe que la reformation des i-cells dans la moitie végétative des embryons requérait l’activation de la voie Wntβc. En conclusion, deux mécanismes distincts peuvent conduire à la formation des i-cell pendant l'embryogenèse. Globalement, les résultats obtenus ont fourni une meilleure idée de la façon dont i- cellules et leurs dérivés se posent lors de l'embryogenèse et le développement larvaire
The aim of this work was to extend our understanding of the mechanisms regulating stem cell formation, specification and differentiation by studies in the non-bilaterian metazoan model Clytia hemisphaerica. Clytia, like other hydrozoan cnidarians, possess a particular population of multipotent stem cells called interstitial cells (i-cells), present during larval development and in the adult medusa, which are able to give rise both to somatic cell types and to gametes.In bilaterian animals Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates fundamental developmental processes such primary body axis specification, but also regulates stem cell proliferation, lineage specification and differentiation. I investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in i-cell specification and differentiation. The results obtained suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is involved in the last step of differentiation for certain neuronal cell types, but not for somatic cell fate choice. In the second part of my study I investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in i-cell formation during embryogenesis. The results indicated that during normal development i-cell formation is Wnt/β-catenin independent and probably driven by inheritance of germ plasm containing localised mRNAs from the egg animal pole. In contrast in embryo re-patterning following embryo bisection, Wnt/β-catenin signalling appears to be necessary for de novo i-cell formation in the absence of germ plasm. Thus two distinct mechanisms can lead to i-cell formation during embryogenesis. Overall the results obtained provided a better picture of how i-cells and their derivatives arise during embryogenesis and larval development

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ruggiero, Antonella. "Impact of Wnt signalling on multipotent stem cell dynamics during Clytia hemisphaerica embryonic and larval development." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066561.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Le but de ce travail était d’accroitre notre connaissance des mécanismes qui gouvernent la formation, la spécification et la différentiation des cellules souches, à l’aide du modèle métazoaire non-bilatérien Clytia hemisphaerica. Clytia possède une population particulière de cellules multipotentes appelées cellules interstitielles (i-cells). Ces cellules, présentes au cours du développement larvaire et chez la méduse adulte, sont capables de donner naissances a des cellules somatiques et aux gamètes. Chez les bilatériens, la signalisation Wnt/β-caténine (Wntβc) régule les processus développementaux fondamentaux ainsi que la prolifération, la spécification et la différenciation des cellules souches. Mon travail s’est porté sur l’implication de la signalisation Wntβc dans les dynamiques des i-cells. Mes résultats suggèrent que la signalisation Wntβc est impliquée dans la dernière étape de la différenciation de certains neurones, mais pas pour la spécification du destin cellulaire. D’autre part, j’ai aussi observé qu’en condition contrôle, la formation des i-cells est Wntβc-indépendante et probablement entraînée par le héritage de plasma germinatif contenant les ARNm localisées au pôle animal. Cependant, suite à des expériences de microdissection, j’ai observe que la reformation des i-cells dans la moitie végétative des embryons requérait l’activation de la voie Wntβc. En conclusion, deux mécanismes distincts peuvent conduire à la formation des i-cell pendant l'embryogenèse. Globalement, les résultats obtenus ont fourni une meilleure idée de la façon dont i- cellules et leurs dérivés se posent lors de l'embryogenèse et le développement larvaire
The aim of this work was to extend our understanding of the mechanisms regulating stem cell formation, specification and differentiation by studies in the non-bilaterian metazoan model Clytia hemisphaerica. Clytia, like other hydrozoan cnidarians, possess a particular population of multipotent stem cells called interstitial cells (i-cells), present during larval development and in the adult medusa, which are able to give rise both to somatic cell types and to gametes.In bilaterian animals Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates fundamental developmental processes such primary body axis specification, but also regulates stem cell proliferation, lineage specification and differentiation. I investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in i-cell specification and differentiation. The results obtained suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is involved in the last step of differentiation for certain neuronal cell types, but not for somatic cell fate choice. In the second part of my study I investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in i-cell formation during embryogenesis. The results indicated that during normal development i-cell formation is Wnt/β-catenin independent and probably driven by inheritance of germ plasm containing localised mRNAs from the egg animal pole. In contrast in embryo re-patterning following embryo bisection, Wnt/β-catenin signalling appears to be necessary for de novo i-cell formation in the absence of germ plasm. Thus two distinct mechanisms can lead to i-cell formation during embryogenesis. Overall the results obtained provided a better picture of how i-cells and their derivatives arise during embryogenesis and larval development

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Denker, Elsa. "Développement et évolution des cellules neurosensorielles chez les cnidaires : apports de l’étude de la nématogenèse de la méduse de Clytia hemisphaerica." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066034.

Full text

Abstract:

Les cnidaires sont un groupe-clé pour étudier l’origine et l’évolution des cellules nerveuses. Des marqueurs neuronaux de Bilateria sont exprimés dans le bulbe tentaculaire de la méduse de Clytia hemisphaerica, spécialisé dans la production massive de cellules neurosensorielles, les nématocytes. La dynamique de la nématogenèse du bulbe a été étudiée ; les stades de différenciation y sont répartis selon un gradient proximo-distal, corrélé à un étagement de profils d’expression de gènes. La capacité d’autonomie du bulbe in vitro en fera un modèle expérimental performant pour réaliser des études fonctionnelles. La pression de décharge de son organite, le nématocyste, est générée par du poly--glutamate. Différentes données suggèrent que la synthèse de ce polymère rare, intimement associé à l'histoire évolutive des nématocytes, est liée à la co-option d'un gène bactérien acquis par transfert horizontal, et au recrutement secondaire de gènes initialement utilisés pour une fonction nerveuse.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bergmann, Melanie. "Fate of discarded invertebrates from Clyde Nephrops fishery." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394374.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Midgley, Rik. "Circulation, mixing and renewal in the Clyde Sea." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/circulation-mixing-and-renewal-in-the-clyde-sea(57fdd23e-8b80-4d01-a712-c38c6fd51a1b).html.

Full text

Abstract:

The first continous set of observations made over the seasonal cycle of the vertical structure and currents in the Clyde Sea, Scotland's largest fjord, are used to show that the vertical structure is controlled by a balance between mixing and stratifying processes within the basin, and exchange with the North Channel of the Irish Sea. Stratification was observed to change from being entirely saline in the winter to being thermally dominated in the summer. Deep water renewal occurred throughout the winter. The inflow rate peaked in the early spring and also in the summer, resulting in an annual mean flushing time of -3.5 months, in satisfactory agreement with previous estimates. Within the basin, a two layered flow structure was observed throughout the year, and a residual anti-cyclonic surface circulation was seen to be persistent. A 3- dimensional modelling study supports the hypothesis that this flow is driven by currents associated with the density gradients at the basin's mouth. A positive density difference across the sill is a necessary but not sufficient condition for deep water renewal; when the difference was maximum in the winter, the rate of exchange was below average. Renewal was generally episodic, which is suggestive of wind induced exchange. The 3-dimensional model confirmed that changes in the wind direction could substantially increase or diminish exchange by enhancing or blocking the estuarine circulation. Rapid renewals in the spring time of 1993 and 1994 were initiated by storm events. In the summer of 1993, persistently high rates of exchange were observed. 3-dimensional modelling supported the hypothesis that this was due to the presence of saline water over the sill, which results from the summer time retreat of the front at the mouth of the Clyde Sea due to low freshwater inflow. An existing 1- dimensional filling-box model was developed in the light of the new observations. It showed that significant entrainment of Clyde Sea bottom water into this summer inflow was a possible mechanism to explain the deep water properties in the summer. Mixing was found to be predominantly wind driven. A positive correlation was found between the wind and the amplitude of intemal oscillations at sub-tidal frequencies, which dominated the velocity field in winter. A mode 1 internal tide at the M2 frequency was observed, and had a horizontal velocity at the mooring sites of -2 cms-l throughout the year. The mixing associated with the internal tide was -0.01 mWm-2 , which is 2 orders of magnitUde lower than the wind mixing. The residual surface anti-cyclonic circulation prevents surface fresh water from entering the Kilbrannan Sound, which reduces the potential energy anomaly by -60 Jm-) relative to than that of the Arran Deep. Consequently, the wind induces relatively deeper mixing in the Kilbrannan Sound, which in the winter resulted in the reduction of the bottom water temperature without a significant decrease in salinity, and explains how the Clyde Sea bottom water may cool more rapidly than the deeper North Channel.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Edgar, Petrena Joyce. "Biogeochemistry of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in estuarine sediments." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343348.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lee, Jae-Young. "A coupled physical-biological model for the Clyde Sea." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247319.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Cao, Thi Quynh Nga, Thi Nhi Pham, Vu Tru Hoang, Van Phu Pham, and My Hanh Le. "Additions to the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Clytini) from Vietnam." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32713.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents a checklist of the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 belonging to the tribe Clytini from Vietnam. Of the total 26 species, there were eight species newly recorded for the Vietnam’s fauna, viz. Rhaphuma anongi Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma clarina Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma constricta Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma diana Gahan, 1906; Rhaphuma eleodina Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma elongata Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma minima Gressitt et Rondon, 1970 and Rhaphuma phiale Gahan, 1906. All species are presented with notes on distribution.
Bài báo thống kê danh sách 26 loài thuộc giống Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858, trong số đó có 8 loài là ghi nhận mới cho khu hệ Xén tóc của Vietnam, đó là: Rhaphuma anongi Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma clarina Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma constricta Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma diana Gahan, 1906; Rhaphuma eleodina Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma elongata Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma minima Gressitt et Rondon, 1970; Rhaphuma phiale Gahan, 1906. Ngoài ra, bài báo còn cung cấp thông tin về phân bố của mỗi loàiở trong nước cũng như trên thế giới.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Falzon, Clyde [Verfasser]. "Optimizing Household Biodegradable Waste Management within European Islands / Clyde Falzon." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120864445/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Nickels, Scot 1959. "Northern conservation and tourism : the perceptions of Clyde River Inuit." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56650.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis focuses upon Clyde River Inuit knowledge, concerns, and attitudes to community tourism development and protected area establishment. The findings suggest that a cross-section of residents have a positive attitude toward community tourism development because it may provide local economic benefits. Residents also support the Igalirtuuq Conservation Proposal because it protects the endangered bowhead whale and its critical habitat, while at the same time stimulating tourism development. Clyde Inuit are reluctant to attribute social and environmental costs to these initiatives but are, nevertheless, able to point out some specific negative impacts that such projects might have on their village. Most felt that few problems would materialise as long as residents were intimately involved in all aspects of a controlled and gradual development. The study illustrates the importance of this type of community oriented approach in providing guidelines for tourism and conservation area development policy makers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hamiliton, Kristina. "Infections of Clyde Sea crustaceans by the protist parasite Hematodinium." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498730.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zonfrillo, Bernard. "The ecology of seabirds on Ailsa Craig, Firth of Clyde." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297511.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Slater, Joanne Christine. "Optical determinants of phytoplankton primary productivity in the Clyde Sea." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275121.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Amiel, Aldine. "Apports du modèle Cnidaire : Clytia hemispaerica sur l'origine de la polarité primaire de l'ovocyte et sur l'étude du rôle de la kinase Mos dans la régulation de la maturation méiotique." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066269.

Full text

Abstract:

L’objectif de cette thèse vise à améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans l’origine de la polarité primaire, animale-végétative (a-v) de l’oeuf, ainsi que l’étude des molécules et mécanismes de régulation des transitions méiotiques. Pour cela, le modèle d’étude choisi a été la méduse, Clytia hemisphaerica. Ce projet profite des avantages expérimentaux uniques de ce nouveau modèle cnidaire, extrêmement bien adapté pour l’étude descriptive et fonctionnelle des différentes étapes de l’ovogenèse. La démonstration récente de la présence de déterminants maternels du développement localisés dans l’œuf selon la polarité a-v chez Clytia hemisphaerica, implique que comme chez d’autres organismes, la polarité embryonnaire chez ce cnidaire trouve ses origines au cours de l’ovogenèse. L’étude de l’organisation intracellulaire des différents stades ovocytaires au cours de l’ovogenèse et de la maturation méiotique, avec une attention particulière aux ARNs déterminants, CheFz1, CheFz3 et CheWnt3, a permis de montrer que la polarité a-v de l’œuf chez Clytia s’effectue en fin de période de croissance de l’ovocyte et se renforce au cours de la maturation ovocytaire. Trois voies de localisation des ARNs bien distinctes ont été mises en évidence. Même si la polarité de l’ovocyte préfigure la polarité orale-aborale (O-A) de l’embryon, le déplacement du noyau après fécondation est capable de réorienter cet axe. Pour réconcilier la flexibilité de l’axe avec la présence d’ARNs déterminants de polarité localisés dans l’ovocyte, j’ai examiné la localisation des ARNs après manipulations expérimentales. Uniquement l’ARNm de CheFz1 se déplace avec le noyau dans les œufs centrifugés. Cet ARN est ainsi un bon candidat pour expliquer la réorientation de l’axe. Comme dans les ovocytes de modèles expérimentaux bilatériens (xénope, souris, étoile de mer), la régulation des transitions méiotiques chez Clytia fait intervenir la protéine kinase Mos. Mos participe dans le déclenchement de la maturation méiotique chez le xénope, tandis qu’elle est nécessaire pour l’arrêt du cycle cellulaire dans les œufs non fécondés chez diverses espèces. Nous avons identifié chez Clytia deux gènes Mos exprimés spécifiquement dans les ovocytes et démontré que les deux kinases CheMos1 et CheMos2 possèdent une activité cytostatique classique, qui passe par l’activation de la MAP kinase. CheMos1 et CheMos2 agissent ensemble au cours de la maturation méiotique afin de promouvoir des événements important pour la complétion des deux méioses et l’arrêt cytostatique en G1 post-méiotique. L’expression de CheMos2 avant la maturation ovocytaire pourrait également avoir un rôle dans des événements en aval de la maturation. Les résultats des analyses de Mos chez Clytia suggèrent une conservation du rôle de Mos/MAPK dans la maturation ovocytaire chez les vertébrés et les cnidaires et soulèvent les hypothèses sur le rôle ancestral chez les eumétazoaires.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Rippeth, Thomas Philip. "The control of stratification in a fjordic system (the Clyde Sea)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358121.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Walne, A. W. "A modelling study of nitrogen cycling in the Firth of Clyde." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358856.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Hughes, Isobel Mary. "The Neolithic and early Bronze Age in the Firth of Clyde." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1174/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is a study of the record of the monuments of the Firth of Clyde region in the Neolithic and early Bronze Age. Six type monuments which were the foci of ritual and/or burial practices during this period are considered: chambered cairns of the Neolithic, stone circles, standing stones, cup-marked rocks, early Bronze Age burial cairns and unmarked burial monuments. A difference from previous work is the historical perspective of the research. This marks a departure from traditional period based studies, while investigation at a regional level avoids the restrictions of more localised research. The monuments are placed as far as possible in the context of the social relations and routines of everyday life in which they played a part, and transformations which took place are identified in a synthesis of the monument record through time. A catalogue of sites is provided. This was compiled in a form suitable for computer analysis, and a package of computer programmes prepared with specific purposes in view. Quantitative analyses of the frequency of occurrence, spatial distribution and relationship to eight locational factors are carried out for each of the type monuments at the regional level and for sub-regions identified within the study area. The results are discussed in the light of a systematic study of the effects on the formation of the archaeological record of social and economic development in the area of study over the last two hundred years, and in relation to the findings from reviews which are undertaken of the evidence of Mesolithic activity, of settlement and cultural evidence and of environmental studies. Additional insights are gained from considering the architectural form of the monuments in relation to meaning and function. One aspect of the study thus concerns the observation of changes in the relationships between the living and the past, or between the living and the dead, from the spatial location and topographical positioning of monuments, while another concerns the ways in which these are reflected in the architectural form and function of the monuments. It is found that the spatial division of the region in the Neolithic indicates that the chambered cairns do not reflect the full extent of settlement and farming, and that their occurrence, as occasional foci in the landscape, is closely related to land use traditions established in the Mesolithic. With the transition to the Bronze Age a different spatial division is seen to emerge in which stone circles are located in a small number of particular locations, whereas the burial cairns and unmarked burials occur throughout the region, and appear to be much more closely related to areas of settlement than were chambered cairns. Standing stones are known in association with both ceremonial and burial monuments, and their distribution also suggests areas of settlement. Many aspects of cup-marked rocks remain enigmatic, but they seem to represent ritual activity of a different kind, which may have taken place mainly in areas marginal to the main foci of other activities. The island of Arran is found to have played a distinctive role within the region. This cautions against regarding Arran as a typical example of monumentality on the Atlantic seaboard of Europe. Traditions and practices were established in the Mesolithic which were seen to have contributed to this development. In addition it is likely that its physical prominence made it a natural reference point for the region, which through its central location was focal to maritime communications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Hiser, Garrett. "Illustrating the Color Line: Charles W. Chesnutt and Clyde O DeLand." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1481030226046336.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Chadwick, Gareth Paul. "Investigation of a novel diffusion sampler for sediment pore waters." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366865.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Figures, Julie Elizabeth. "A study of the biochemistry of selected metals in the Clyde Estuary." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360233.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Scott, Walter Paul Jason. "Discourses recognizing aesthetic innovation in cinema : Bonnie and Clyde : a case study." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20337/.

Full text

Abstract:

Within this thesis I primarily explore the notion of aesthetic innovation in the cinema. Whilst I initially intended to develop two case studies, considering films associated with two cinematic trends - the Hollywood Renaissance and Dogme 95 -the finished thesis concentrates on Bonnie and Clyde, which exemplifies the first of these. The focus entails an elaboration of the concept of innovation, adopted from economic approaches, in terms of the implications of the concept for how innovation should be analysed. In particular, this informs my focus upon the articulation of recognition of innovation, and hence discourses of innovation. In investigating the recognition of innovation in Bonnie and Clyde, I provide a detailed critical reception study, analysing the contemporary and retrospective reviews and critical accounts of the film. I develop the functional and systemic linguistic analysis of M.A.K. Halliday to underpin a workable discourse analysis approach to the contemporary reviews. I also consider the wider reception of the film, particularly in relation to the dialogues around the reviews of the film by Bosley Crowther in the New York Times. Thus, I consider the significance of the contestation around the film - in terms of its evaluation, classification and description. I consider this 'event' of the widespread contestation around the film, and the turnaround by several noted critics, and contrast the conclusions of my analysis of the event with the conventional narrativization of it. In order to consider the aesthetic characteristics of the film, I provide definitions of cinema aesthetics, adapting the notions of aesthetic norm, function and value from Jan Mukarovsky. I also develop these in relation to the concept of aestheticization, which I relate to Bonnie and Clyde and other films of the Hollywood Renaissance. The thesis constitutes an original elucidation of the notion of innovation, and an innovative application of discourse analysis to reception study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Oliveira, Nadir Nóbrega. "Agô alafiju, odara! a presença de Clyde Wesley Morgan na Escola de Dança da UFBA, 1971 - 1978." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9658.

Full text

Abstract:

317f.
Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-01T14:47:34Z No. of bitstreams: 11 NadirComSegParaExtract11.pdf: 65474 bytes, checksum: d7899d749f25c8c149d2c655061236d2 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract10.pdf: 54344 bytes, checksum: 2c18611726cc6392fba8a8182a8b94c5 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract09.pdf: 64190 bytes, checksum: 809a37cd82c5f8351b6f62d9469ebce5 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract08.pdf: 56851 bytes, checksum: 0a51fc131da002549f1a78de8a37fa72 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract07.pdf: 6837107 bytes, checksum: bdef8c9274fa48b171ad14dfe1be1a68 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract06.pdf: 7269803 bytes, checksum: 12d7d286324e68064a6d9f207e3c2637 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract05.pdf: 7251246 bytes, checksum: bdf38be244194330e54e1d1fedaedb13 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract04.pdf: 6443699 bytes, checksum: 81a0a3523af8eb352cc3bac3c3be93c8 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract03.pdf: 8165345 bytes, checksum: e70cf358b0f602485e9cd0e9b229303f (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract02.pdf: 20171984 bytes, checksum: ea8f923f15744e5ae4aada398c831d00 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract01.pdf: 5130027 bytes, checksum: 9cbc735ce698859717ee4778362cb433 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Ednaide Gondim Magalhães(ednaide@ufba.br) on 2013-04-10T13:55:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 11 NadirComSegParaExtract11.pdf: 65474 bytes, checksum: d7899d749f25c8c149d2c655061236d2 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract10.pdf: 54344 bytes, checksum: 2c18611726cc6392fba8a8182a8b94c5 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract09.pdf: 64190 bytes, checksum: 809a37cd82c5f8351b6f62d9469ebce5 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract08.pdf: 56851 bytes, checksum: 0a51fc131da002549f1a78de8a37fa72 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract07.pdf: 6837107 bytes, checksum: bdef8c9274fa48b171ad14dfe1be1a68 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract06.pdf: 7269803 bytes, checksum: 12d7d286324e68064a6d9f207e3c2637 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract05.pdf: 7251246 bytes, checksum: bdf38be244194330e54e1d1fedaedb13 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract04.pdf: 6443699 bytes, checksum: 81a0a3523af8eb352cc3bac3c3be93c8 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract03.pdf: 8165345 bytes, checksum: e70cf358b0f602485e9cd0e9b229303f (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract02.pdf: 20171984 bytes, checksum: ea8f923f15744e5ae4aada398c831d00 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract01.pdf: 5130027 bytes, checksum: 9cbc735ce698859717ee4778362cb433 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-10T13:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 11 NadirComSegParaExtract11.pdf: 65474 bytes, checksum: d7899d749f25c8c149d2c655061236d2 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract10.pdf: 54344 bytes, checksum: 2c18611726cc6392fba8a8182a8b94c5 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract09.pdf: 64190 bytes, checksum: 809a37cd82c5f8351b6f62d9469ebce5 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract08.pdf: 56851 bytes, checksum: 0a51fc131da002549f1a78de8a37fa72 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract07.pdf: 6837107 bytes, checksum: bdef8c9274fa48b171ad14dfe1be1a68 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract06.pdf: 7269803 bytes, checksum: 12d7d286324e68064a6d9f207e3c2637 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract05.pdf: 7251246 bytes, checksum: bdf38be244194330e54e1d1fedaedb13 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract04.pdf: 6443699 bytes, checksum: 81a0a3523af8eb352cc3bac3c3be93c8 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract03.pdf: 8165345 bytes, checksum: e70cf358b0f602485e9cd0e9b229303f (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract02.pdf: 20171984 bytes, checksum: ea8f923f15744e5ae4aada398c831d00 (MD5) NadirComSegParaExtract01.pdf: 5130027 bytes, checksum: 9cbc735ce698859717ee4778362cb433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Esta dissertação destaca a trajetória artística e institucional de Clyde Wesley Morgan, de modo a favorecer estudos analíticos do legado coreográfico e cultural deixado por este profissional, para a dança e sua contextualidade étnica na Bahia. Além disso, consiste em uma análise estética e reflexiva dos processos de criação e encenação do espetáculo coreográfico Porque Oxalá Usa Ekodidé, dirigido por Clyde Wesley Morgan, em 1973, baseado no conto homônimo afro-brasileiro de Deoscóredes dos Santos, identificando suas matrizes estético-culturais (princípios, códigos, vocabulários e conteúdos), assim como as interfaces que apresenta transitando entre a dança e os demais elementos cênicos no espetáculo. O estudo averigua o papel central que a dança ocupa nos processos de concepção, criação e encenação dos trabalhos de Clyde Morgan. Dentre os objetivos desta pesquisa destacam-se: identificar, a partir de um breve enfoque antropológico, a origem e a presença da gestualidade abstraída no espetáculo, refletindo a sua utilização na coreografia do mesmo; ressaltar a contribuição deste coreógrafo como elemento formador e recriador de identidade cultural negra, na Bahia; identificar as principais manifestações afro descendentes que ocorreram na Bahia deste período, reconhecendo como processos propositivos de afirmação e cultura negra. A dança apresentada neste e em outros espetáculos reúne, de forma híbrida e singular, características de diversas matrizes estético-culturais (africanas, européias, brasileira, norte-americana, vocabulários da dança afro-brasileira, balé clássico e dança moderna). Além disso, foi detectado o encontro do tradicional e do moderno, determinando assim um dos mais expressivos resultados da criação proporcionada por Clyde Morgan, que também não perdeu de vista o conjunto de relações sociais e de poder vividos pelo grupo.
Salvador

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Krasovec, Gabriel. "Compréhension du rôle morphogénétique de l'apoptose et de son évolution : apports de l'étude de la métamorphose de Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata) et de Clytia hemisphaerica (Cnidaria)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS266.

Full text

Abstract:

L'apoptose est une mort cellulaire très bien caractérisée d’un point de vue morphologique et biochimique mais dont le rôle morphogénétique a longtemps été restreint à une destruction des structures transitoires ou surnuméraires (Fonction Destructrice de l’Apoptose, FDA). Plus récemment une capacité des cellules apoptotiques à modifier le comportement (migration) ou le destin (prolifération, différenciation, survie) des cellules voisines a été mise en en évidence dans des modèles expérimentaux et des contextes morphogénétiques très divers. Nous avons décidé de regrouper et nommer ces capacités au sein d'une même fonction morphogénétique, la Fonction Constructrice de l'Apoptose (FCA). Afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement et l’évolution de la FCA, j'ai utilisé le cadre morphogénétique de la métamorphose, caractérisée par la présence simultanée d’apoptose et de l’ensemble des comportements et destins cellulaires, chez deux organismes éloignés phylogénétiquement, le cnidaire Clytia hemisphaerica et le tunicier Ciona intestinalis. Chez C. hemisphaerica, j’ai identifié et caractérisé dans la larve planula en métamorphose de l’apoptose ectodermique et endodermique, la prolifération et la différenciation des i-cells en nématocytes et la migration de ces derniers. Ces résultats confortent l’utilisation de ce modèle pour étudier la FCA. Chez C. intestinalis, j'ai démontré que la migration des Cellules Germinales Primordiales (PGC) est un exemple de FCA, permettant ainsi une caractérisation moléculaire de cette dernière
Apoptosis has been considered as merely required for the removal of supernumerary cells or larval structures by dismantling cells with a characteristic and conserved set of morphological and biochemical features (Destructive Function of Apoptosis, DFA). Accumulating evidences show how apoptotic cells can trigger and modulate other cell behaviors (migration) or cell fates (proliferation, survival, differentiation) during very different morphogenetic events in numbers of animals. These studies led us to define a novel morphogenetic role of apoptosis, hereafter referred as the Constructive Function of Apoptosis (CFA). To investigate the CFA and its evolution in animals, I initiated characterization of CFA during metamorphosis of two distantly related species with a key phylogenetic position, the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica, and the tunicate, Ciona intestinalis. In C. hemisphaerica, I have identified and characterized endodermic and ectodermic apoptosis in planula larva. This apoptosis occurred in the larva at the same area and at the same time with the proliferation and differentiation of i-cells and nematocytes migration. All together, these results arguing in favor of planula metamorphosis as an excellent model to study CFA. In C. intestinalis, I have demonstrated that primordial germ cells migration is due to CFA during the tail regression process, leading to the molecular characterization of CFA in this model

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

De, Silva Michael S. W. "Chemical and biological aspects of using dredged river Clyde sediments for land restoration." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292081.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Rain, Holly. "Clyde Fitch's dramatisations of gender and society on the fin de siècle stage." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24036/.

Full text

Abstract:

Clyde Fitch was the most successful Broadway dramatist of his time. Following his considerable popularity and success with American audiences, Fitch saw his plays staged across the globe, and particularly in London. His female-led dramas of contemporary life, though popular with audiences in his own time, received scant praise and often censure from the playwright's critics, both in America and the UK. Writing and producing plays from 1890 until his death in 1909, Fitch's plays, and the critical discourse surrounding his productions, intervened in fin de siècle debates concerning gender, sexuality, and fears of moral degeneration. Influenced in construction, technique, and stage-craft by French naturalism, Fitch's plays utilised theories of heredity and social Darwinism to explain the psychological motivations of his characters. Central to the narrative of each play, however, was the conflicting message that individual will and strength of character is of greater importance than genetic or social circumstance. Rather than following theatrical convention in punishing the liars, flirts, suffragettes, and fallen women of his plays, Fitch encouraged the sympathies of his audiences with these morally ambiguous characters and insisted, wherever possible, upon happy endings that drew the ire of the conservative male press. Fundamentally, these productions contradicted American and British ideologies rooted in the notion that national prosperity could only be secured through the marriage and propagation of white men and women of 'good breeding'. The gendered biases of Fitch's critics, I argue, often led to dislocated interpretations of his heroines, and to the wilful dismissal of a body of work which successfully marketed marginalised configurations, encouraging inclusivity and acceptance over fear and social division.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Condamine, Thomas. "Étude comparative d'expression de gènes chez un scyphozoaire (Aurelia aurita) et un hydrozoaire (Clytia hemisphaerica) : nouvelles perspectives sur certaines innovations évolutives qui caractérisent leurs stades méduse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS384.

Full text

Abstract:

Trois des cinq classes de cnidaires présentent des méduses pélagiques, classiquement tenues pour homologues, issues de l'acquisition d'un stade planctonique chez l’ancêtre des médusozoaires. Des différences anatomiques fondamentales opposent pourtant les hydroméduses aux cubo- et scyphoméduses, concernant leurs systèmes nerveux locomoteurs, leurs organes sensoriels, leur ontogenèse. Y aurait-il eu plusieurs acquisitions convergentes d’un stade méduse ? Les présents travaux s’appuient sur l’étude comparative de caractères d’une hydroméduse (Clytia hemisphaerica) et d’une scyphoméduse (Aurelia aurita), via des phylogénies de gènes et le suivi de l’expression de gènes par RNA-seq, hybridation in situ, et qPCR. Ils ont visé (i) une meilleure caractérisation du système tentaculaire de Clytia ; et la comparaison entre ces deux méduses (ii) du déploiement d’acteurs clés du développement et de la morphogenèse chez les animaux, et (iii) de protéines associées aux muscles striés (absents chez les polypes et convergents avec ceux des bilatériens). La comparaison de l'expression des Wnt soutient une conservation chez les cnidaires des rôles de voies de signalisation en aval de ces ligands dans l’organisation de l'axe oral-aboral et d’éléments du système nerveux, et une possible absence d'homologie des tentacules et de la symétrie tétraradiaire entre hydro- et scyphoméduses. Les recrutements indépendants de formes de tropomyosine spécifiques des muscles striés plaident en faveur d’acquisitions convergentes du muscle strié, donc de la locomotion pélagique, entre hydro- et scyphoméduses. Ces données remettent en question le scénario d'acquisition unique de la méduse chez les cnidaires
Three of the five classes of cnidarians possess pelagic medusae. The latter are classically considered homologous, i.e. inherited from a planktonic stage acquired in the ancestor of all medusozoans. However, an impressive array of fundamental differences opposes hydromedusae to cubomedusae/scyphomedusae, e.g. concerning their locomotory nervous systems, sensory organs, and ontogeny. Could there have been several convergent acquisitions of a medusa stage? The research presented here is based on comparative study of a hydromedusa (Clytia hemisphaerica) and a scyphomedusa (Aurelia aurita), involving gene phylogenies, and gene expression surveys using RNA-seq, in situ hybridisation, and qPCR. The main objectives were (i) an improved characterisation of the Clytia tentacle system; and comparisons between these two medusae, of (ii) the deployment of key actors in animal development and morphogenesis, and of (iii) some proteins associated with striated muscles which are absent in polyps and convergent with those of bilaterians. Comparison of Wnt expressions supports conservation among cnidarians of the roles held by several signalling pathways downstream of the Wnt ligands, in the organisation of the oral-aboral polarity and of some elements of the nervous system, and suggests that tentacles and tetraradial symmetry may not be homologous between hydro- and scyphomedusae. Independent recruitments of tropomyosin forms specific to the striated muscles strongly advocate convergent origins of striated muscles and thereby of pelagic locomotion between hydro- and scyphomedusae. These findings challenge the classical scenario of a single medusa acquisition during cnidarian evolution

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Said, Dhiya Mustafa Mohamed. "Reservoir geophysics of the Clyde field : the development and application of quantitative analysis techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327396.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Cortis, Robert. "A study of potentially toxic elements in the Forth and Clyde Canal, Scotland, UK." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25515.

Full text

Abstract:

Canal sediments are an important geochemical indicator of the pollutant status of both the waterway itself and the surrounding area. In this study, sediment samples were collected from the Forth and Clyde Canal, Scotland, UK, and analysed for potentially toxic elements (PTE). Pseudototal concentrations of As (5.54 - 219 mg/kg), Cd (< 0.000557 - 11.0 mg/kg), Cr (44.8 - 883 mg/kg), Cu (39.3 - 618 mg/kg), Fe (35.8 - 72.1 g/kg), Mn (720 - 4460 mg/kg), Ni (42.0 - 154 mg/kg), Pb (93.9 - 2740 mg/kg), Sn (5.36 - 122 mg/kg), and Zn (288 - 3640 mg/kg), measured by ICP-MS, were lower than those reported by British Waterways in 1992 but higher than relevant environmental quality standards, as was the Hg concentration (0.589 - 9.19 mg/kg) determined using CVAFS. The concentration of Fe was relatively constant, but an urban/rural divide was evident in the concentrations of the other analytes, indicting significant anthropogenic input, most likely due to runoff of contaminated urban soils. High levels of analytes at particular locations could often be attributed to historical industrial activities. For site-by-site comparisons, PTE concentrations were normalised to account for organic matter content. The modified BCR sequential extraction was applied to fractionate the PTE content (except for Hg) and estimate their potential mobility. A risk assessment code calculation showed that the mobility order was: Cd/Mn/Zn>As/Fe/Pb>Cr/Cu>Ni>Sn. However, levels of Cd were generally low. The analyte of greatest concern was Pb with up to 1960 mg/kg released between the acid exchangeable and reducible fractions. Concentrations of methylmercury (Me-Hg), monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) were measured using GC-ICP-MS. Levels of Me-Hg (3.44 - 14.1 μg/kg) were < 0.58% of the pseudototal Hg content. The likely source is in situ bacteria-mediated methylation of inorganic Hg. Organotin mean concentrations were low at 28.6 - 71.8, 48.7 - 113, and 48.2 - 189 μg/kg for MBT, DBT and TBT, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Smith, Ronald Stuart Martin. "The biology of larval and juvenile Nephrops norvegicus (L.) in the Firth of Clyde." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3511/.

Full text

Abstract:

In Scotland over the past 30 years the Nephrops fishery has expanded and is now the largest in Europe with landings in 1986 valued at over 㴍m. Much of the species biology is poorly understood, especially the early life history. The biology of larval and juvenile Nephrops is the subject of this thesis and the work reported has been conducted on Nephrops within the Firth of Clyde. Because Nephrops incubate their eggs externally (on their pleopods) they suffer progressive egg loss. Creels were set to capture ovigerous females incubating eggs at various stages of development to provide fecundity data and egg samples for a study of the biochemical changes associated with embryonic development. During the incubation period mean egg loss was estimated as 18% . Almost a fifth of the population were judged to have suffered additional egg loss, probably at the moment of spawning. Estimation of the mean number of eggs hatched per female per year took such losses into account and involved the use of length frequency information and a maturity ogive. The best estimate of the fecundity range was 985 - 1115 eggs hatched per female, which includes an allowance for the proportion of the population that may be biennial spawners. Lipids are the principal energy reserve utilized during embryonic development and full development requires 6 - 7 joules per egg. Most energy is expended during the later stages of development and is associated with a rapid uptake of water and salts. An aquaculture facility was developed and newly hatched larvae were reared under different culture conditions. Survival was found to be better in isolation compared to mass rearing conditions and initial periods of starvation in excess of 1 -2 days led to an increase in mortality. Larvae were reared over a temperature range of 8 - 20oC and relationships were derived between temperature and the rate of larval development for each zoeal stage. The development time increased for successive zoeal stages at each temperature and 16oC seemed to be the overall `optimum' temperature for development. A larval survey programme was conducted in the Lower Firth of Clyde (L.F.C.) to investigate temporal and spatial changes in larval abundance. The larval abundance data were used in conjunction with the temperature information obtained in the laboratory study to obtain a seasonal production estimate for the 1st zoeal stage of 177 x 108 larvae within the 876 square kilometres sampling area. This value, when used in conjunction with the mean number of eggs hatched per female per year, gave an estimate of 15.87 x 106 to 17.97 x 106 females for the L.F.C. spawning stock. Information on the vertical distribution of Nephrops zoeae was obtained over two 24h cycles, one coincided with a spring and the other with a neap tidal period. The distribution of the larvae was related to several environmental variables and compared with the light and pressure responses demonstrated under controlled laboratory conditions, 1st, 2nd and early 3rd stage zoeae demonstrated positive phototaxis and high barokinesis. No dramatic diel changes were detected in the vertical distribution of the larvae. Most remained between 6 to 38m depth during daylight hours. A limited nocturnal ascent resulted in peak larval abundance shifting from 16 to 5m depth. Shortly after dawn the larvae descended to their daytime distribution. Depth regulation is probably achieved by light and pressure sensitivity and may be influenced by the position of the pycnocline. During the 3rd zoeal stage the light response changed from photopositive to photonegative and Nephrops may first come into contact with the sea bed towards the end of this stage. Substratum selection and settlement behaviour experiments were conducted with early postlarval stages and these suggested that the 1st postlarval stage is a transitional form between the planktonic and benthic environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Westcott, Mark. "Refining crude or crude refinements? Workplace industrial relations at Shell Clyde refinery, 1974-1994." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27613.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis studies workplace industrial relations at the Shell Clyde refinery in the period between 1974 and 1994. It takes as its focus the manner in which labour is regulated, that is, the way in which work is organised, performed and rewarded. The changes in labour regulation at the refinery are described in detail in the thesis and explained by using a modified bargaining model. This model uses the traditional bargaining model as its core but expands the explanatory scope of the model by incorporating a broader range of independent variables. This approach means that labour regulation at Clyde is explained by studying not only the structure and strategies of the immediate workplace parties, namely management and unions, but also by analysing how product and labour markets, bargaining structure and state intervention have affected the strategies of the parties. The structure of the thesis is informed by this model and is consequently divided between industry and workplace chapters. Industrial relations in the oil industry and at Clyde refinery are analysed over the two decades between 1974 and 1994, this time span being divided into three distinct historical periods. The first period, between 1974 and 1980, represented a time of industrial conflict in the industry as a whole and particularly at Clyde. Issues relating to the organisation of, performance of and reward for work were continually contested at the refinery. This workplace contest occurred in the context of centralisation of award negotiation in the industry. The second period, between 1980 and 1989, witnessed the stabilisation of dispute levels at Clyde and the reassertion of managerial prerogative, particularly over issues of stafiing and organisation of the production process. Award negotiations had been successfiilly centralised in the oil industry, and this centralisation had been institutionalised by the Prices and Incomes Accord. The effect of this was to ‘neutralise’ trade union action at the workplace. The final period, notably the years between 1990 and 1994, involved a change in approach to labour regulation by the management at Clyde. While levels of conflict remained low, management attempted to renegotiate work organisation and performance at the refinery, as well as trying to change employee attitudes by way of a new employee relations strategy. This action by management was facilitated by a return to decentralisation of award negotiations in the oil industry and the labour market generally. The thesis explains the changes in the strategies of management and the responses of unions at the refinery, with reference to changes in market conditions in the petroleum products market, alterations in the level and scope of bargaining in the industry and the and action of state agencies, particularly industrial tribunals, in either supporting or restricting these strategies and responses. It is argued in essence that focusing on the structure and strategies of the parties in isolation does not provide an adequate understanding of how labour is regulated at the workplace.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Harder, Miriam. "Traditional and monetary resource sharing in an Inuit «Ilagiit»: Socioeconomic relations in Clyde River, Nunavut." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95231.

Full text

Abstract:

Inuit have adapted to a mixed economy of subsistence hunting and monetary income since centralization into permanent communities. Socioeconomic changes in Nunavut are altering customary patterns of resource sharing. Access to non-traditional capital is now critical to the continuation of Inuit subsistence culture, but is not evenly accessible to everyone in the community. By following the flow of traditional and monetary resources in one ilagiit (extended family) in Clyde River, Nunavut, this research suggests that customary rules of sharing continue to guide the redistribution of traditional resources. However, the sharing of monetary resources is more complex, as the availability of these individualized resources is more constrained. The comparison between a similar study in 1999 and the 2009 study found that changes in the social structure of this ilagiit are complicating their economic organization, yet resource distribution is still guided by the priorities of the subsistence economy.
Depuis leur centralisation et l'établissement de communautés permanentes, les Inuit ont établi une économie mixte, un mélange de chasse de subsistance et de revenu monétaire. Des changements socioéconomiques au Nunavut altèrent les coutumes de partage de ressources. Ces jours-ci, l'accès au capital non-traditionnel est nécessaire pour assurer la survie de la culture de subsistance Inuit. Par contre, cet accès n'est pas également distribué parmi les membres de la communauté. En suivant le trajet des ressources traditionnelles et monétaires dans une ilagiit, ou famille élargie, à Clyde River, au Nunavut, ce projet démontre que les règles coutumières du partage continuent à guider la redistribution de ressources traditionnelles. D'autre part, le partage de ressources monétaires est plus complexe, puisque la disponibilité de ces ressources individualisées est plus contrainte. La comparaison entre une étude similaire entreprise en 1999 et cette étude (de 2009) démontre que les changements dans la structure sociale de cet ilagiit compliquent leur organisation économique, même si la distribution de ressources est toujours guidée par les priorités de l'économie de subsistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sharpe, Lorna. "Geophysical, geochemical and arable crop responses to archaeological sites in the Upper Clyde Valley, Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1162/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis considers the geochemical links between geophysical survey results from, and responses of barley crop growth to, the existence of plough-levelled archaeological sites. It takes as a starting point the results of magnetic and resistivity surveys undertaken at three sites in the Upper Clyde Valley, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Two of the three sites produced geophysical results that closely matched the evidence for archaeological remains recorded using oblique aerial photography. The third site was largely unresponsive to geophysical prospection techniques. These mixed responses prompted a closer examination of why barley crops respond to plough-levelled remains, and why the geophysical data gathered tend to correlate with the growth responses. To allow an examination of the growth responses, a series of pot-based growth experiments were carried out under glasshouse conditions, and these were followed up by ICP-MS analysis of the plants and the archaeological soils in which they had grown, in an attempt to link any changes in elemental compositions with the growth responses, and to the geophysical responses recorded at the soil sampling points or for the features from which the soils were taken. The results of the experimental work revealed that although soil moisture content has a role in the development of both crop marks and geophysical anomalies, other factors are also involved, including changes in elemental concentrations in soils and plant material, soil pH changes and the redox potential of the archaeological soils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Thomas, Brynley Robert. "Clyde sediments : physical conditioning in relation to use as a topsoil product for land reclamation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385501.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Welden, Natalie Ann Cooper. "Microplastic pollution in the Clyde sea area : a study using the indicator species Nephrops norvegicus." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6377/.

Full text

Abstract:

Microplastic pollution has been identified as an ever increasing proportion of marine litter. Despite an increase in microplastic awareness over the last decade, it represents an as yet unquantified threat to the marine environment. The relatively few studies that monitor its distribution and impact have illustrated a range of worrying effects on marine habitats and communities. The Clyde Sea Area (CSA) is subject to many sources of terrestrial and maritime plastic input. The use of plastics in recreational and commercial vessels throughout the CSA is believed to result in large levels of microplastic fibres, which have previously been seen to be ingested by a range of marine organisms. In a study of the breakdown of commonly used polymers in benthic environments, it was found that ropes of 10 mm diameter in sub-tidal conditions release between 0.086 and 0.422g of microfibers per meter per month in the early stages of degradation. This rate would be expected to increase over subsequent months, releasing substantial amounts of fibres into the CSA environment. In addition to the presence of numerous sources of microplastics, the CSA is relatively enclosed, and may accumulate high levels of debris as a result. Monthly sampling of the water and sediment in the CSA revealed contamination similar to that observed in other near-shore environments. Thus, it is expected that the potential threat to organisms in other areas will be similar to that observed in the CSA. One organism known to take up microplastics is the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, the target of the main fishery in the CSA. In this work we examined the levels of microplastic in the gut of N. norvegicus from the Scottish waters. Examination of individuals from the CSA revealed both a high occurrence and high accumulation of microplastic. This was found to be much greater than in N. norvegicus sampled from more remote Scottish waters. As a result, N. norvegicus from the CSA are most likely to suffer from the negative impacts associated with microplastic ingestion than those in offshore or in areas of low anthropogenic activity. In order to determine the potential impacts of microplastic ingestion on N. norvegicus, we first examined the mechanism by which N. norvegicus retain and egest microplastic. The position of microplastic aggregations in the foregut indicates that the gastric mill is the main obstacle to microplastic egestion. Inducing moult in microplastic-fed individuals demonstrated that expulsion of the gut lining during ecdysis enables N. norvegicus to reduce their plastic load, limiting plastic aggregation to the length of a single moult-cycle. In an 8 month controlled-feeding experiment retained plastic was seen to have a range of impacts on N. norvegicus. Feeding rate and body mass was seen to decrease in plastic loaded N. norvegicus, and a reduction was observed in a number of indicators of nutritional state. The results presented in this thesis have a number of implications to the CSA and wider marine environment. The similarity in the level of microplastic observed in the CSA to that of other studies of inshore waters indicates the potential for high microplastic uptake by crustaceans in those areas. The high variability in observed microplastic abundance suggests that small-scale monitoring is unsuitable for monitoring marine microplastic debris, and that use of an indicator species may provide a more reliable method of monitoring that is not subject to small-scale heterogeneity in distribution. The seasonal retention of microplastic by N. norvegicus indicates that crustaceans may provide a suitable indicator of local contamination. However, in the CSA, the high level of fibre aggregation and observed impacts of prolonged retention indicate that microplastic may be causing further pressure on an already exploited resource, reducing the stability of the valuable N. norvegicus population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Birong, Christine. "The Influence of Police Brutality on the American Indian Movement's Establishment in Minneapolis, 1968-69." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193405.

Full text

Abstract:

The American Indian Movement (AIM) was established in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July of 1968. During this time, AIM organized around a variety of urban Indian community grievances, particularly police brutality and accountability issues. This thesis provides discussion of the nature of police brutality and police brutality's context in 1960s communities of color. There is also examination and analysis of how AIM organized around the issue of police brutality, direct action tactics, how police brutality impacted specific group members (specifically Clyde Bellecourt), and newspaper coverage of AIM and the police. The purpose of this thesis is to review how and why AIM organized around police brutality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Buchanan, David. "The application of information technology to dredging management (with particular reference to the Port of Clyde)." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264569.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Meegan, David. "A minister reflects : a critical analysis of Clyde Cameron's view of Gough Whitlam and the Whitlam government /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arm494.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Heaton, V. "Decomposition of Human Remains Recovered from the River Clyde, Scotland: A comparative Study of UK Fluvial Systems." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527060.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Clytie'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles