Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clumps of trees

Academic literature on the topic 'Clumps of trees'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Clumps of trees"

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Omari, Kwadwo, and David A. MacLean. "Do biomass removal and structure-enhancing treatments influence deadwood characteristics following commercial thinning in spruce plantations in New Brunswick, Canada?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 10 (October 2015): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0381.

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Effects of commercial thinning on downed coarse woody debris (CWD) and standing dead trees (snags) were examined in six intensively managed 22- to 30-year-old white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) plantations in northern New Brunswick, Canada. Four alternative treatments were applied: (i) an unthinned control and three commercial thinning 40% basal area removals, with (ii) slash and tops remaining on the site (status quo), (iii) most of the branches and tops extracted from the site (biomass removal), and (iv) clumps of unthinned trees left, with one-half of the trees in each clump girdled to create snags (enhanced structure). Three years after thinning, CWD volume increased by 14%–27% in the status quo and enhanced structure treatments, by 6% in the biomass removal treatment, and by 0.1% in the unthinned treatment. Mean snag volume changed little, i.e., less than 1 m3·ha−1 among treatments, and stumps of thinned trees were 4.6–4.9 m3·ha−1. The girdled trees added 0.7 m3·ha−1 of snags, and 1.3 m3·ha−1 is expected to be added from girdling the remaining live trees in the unthinned clumps in 2016. The girdled trees and future to-be-girdled trees added up to 50% of the new deadwood in the enhanced structure treatments, but thinning treatments did not significantly affect total deadwood. The results indicate that commercial thinning produced fine debris but had little effect on overall deadwood amount. Girdling trees during commercial thinning, at the intensity used in this study, is unlikely to produce sufficient snags. Leaving islands and clumps during harvest before plantation establishment would be a more effective way of adding structure.
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Bogdanowicz, Monika, Anna Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska, Anna Świercz, and Marcin Kiedrzyński. "The dynamics of stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum L. patches in clumps of trees left on the clear-cutting in pine forest Leucobryo-Pinetum." Folia Forestalia Polonica 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2015-0002.

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Abstract Clumps of trees left on the clear-cuttings have an important role in protecting populations of endangered plant species against destruction during silviculture activities. The aim of this study is to describe the changes in the area of the Lycopodium annotinum patches. The area of L. annotinum patch in clump of trees, have been significantly reduced during 5 years after clear-cut. In the first year of the observations, the studied population occupied an area of 69.8 m2 whereas in 2012, it was only 37.5 m2. Most of the shoots were withered away on the south side of the clump. The probable reason was too strong insolation. Shoots that survived were located in the north part of the clump – shielded by young trees and shrubs layer. At this time, the control patch of L. annotinum located inside the forest increased its area. Before the clear-cuttings, the annual growth of vertical shoots of clubmoss was higher in the patch located in future tree clump. After the clear-cutting, growth of shoots in this patch was shorter than in patch located all the time inside the forests. The most effective growth was observed in the third studied patch located in the clear-cutting border. The explanation for this phenomenon could be the higher humidity of habitat on this site. Clumps of trees left after the clear-cutting contribute to the protection of endangered populations, but do not eliminate the significant microhabitat changes. The clubmoss patches located in moist habitats are more likely to survive even if they are partially exposed to the sunlight.
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Tappeiner II, John C., John Zasada, David Huffman, and Bruce D. Maxwell. "Effects of Cutting Time, Stump Height, Parent Tree Characteristics, and Harvest Variables on Development of Bigleaf Maple Sprout Clumps." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/11.4.120.

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Abstract In order to determine the effects of stump height, year of cutting, parent-tree size, logging damage, and deer browsing on bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) sprout clump development, maple trees were cut to two stump heights at three different times. Stump height had the greatest impact on sprout clump size. Two years after clearcutting, the sprout clump volume for short stumps was significantly less than that for tall stumps. The sprout clump volume, area, and number of sprouts were significantly less for trees cut 1 and 2 yr before harvest than for trees cut at harvest. Sprout clump size was positively correlated with parent tree stem diameter and stump volume, and negatively correlated with the percentage of bark removed during logging. Browsing had no significant impact on average clump size. Uncut trees produced sprout clumps at their base and epicormic branches along the length of their stems; thus their crown volume averaged four to five times that of cut trees. Cutting maple in clearcuts to low stumps may reduce maple competition with Douglas-fir regeneration and still maintain maple in the next stand. West. J. Appl. For. 11(4):120-124.
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Souch, C. A., and C. Souch. "The Effect of Trees on Summertime Below Canopy Urban Climates: A Case Study Bloomington, Indiana." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 19, no. 5 (September 1, 1993): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1993.049.

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The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of trees in a Midwest urban area on air temperature and humidity to determine if the effects are significantly different for: different species of trees, trees of the same species in different environments, and whether the effects can be explained by physical characteristics of the individual trees. Replicate trees in each of five categories were studied: sugar maple, pin oak and walnut individuals overgrass, sugar maple individuals along streets over concrete, and sugar maple clumps over grass. All the trees show a consistent effect: temperatures are reduced and humidities are elevated under the canopies. The greatest cooling effect (0.7 -1.3°C) occurs in the early afternoon. The difference between species is insignificant, but street trees are significantly less effective in reducing temperature than either individual trees or clumps planted over grass. The clumps had no greater effect than the individual trees. The amount of cooling observed in this study was considerably less than that documented in many previous studies. No consistent linear relationships were determined between physical characteristics of the trees, such as leaf area index, and temperature reductions or humidity increases.
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Van Der Kamp, Bart J. "The spatial distribution of Armillaria root disease in an uneven-aged, spatially clumped Douglas-fir stand." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 1008–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-109.

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The location, species, and infection status of all trees and stumps in nine 40 by 40 m plots located in a single large Armillaria root disease (caused by Armillariaostoyae (Romagnesi) Herink) infested area in the Interior Douglas-fir Zone in British Columbia were recorded. The area was logged to a diameter limit in 1963 and then left undisturbed. Spatial analysis using variance over mean ratios of number of trees per grid square for a series of grid sizes showed that stumps were randomly distributed, trees were strongly clumped, and infected trees occurred in small clumps that were themselves randomly distributed. Analysis of intertree distances showed that clumps of infected trees ranged from 1 to 29 trees (average 3.2 trees). Incidence of infection did not decline with distance from old stumps. Infection incidence in spatial domains surrounding each stump ranged from 0 to 100%. Nevertheless, variation in incidence among stump domains could not be attributed to variation in inoculum potential at the time of logging. It is concluded that in the experimental area, 30 years after the last major disturbance by partial cutting, Armillaria occurs in small domains, largely on the root systems of trees regenerated since logging. In these circumstances, bridge tree removal spacing, which removes all trees from a band around each infected tree, may isolate most of the viable Armillaria inoculum colonies from the remainder of the stand.
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Jones, Robert H., and Dudley J. Raynal. "Root sprouting in American beech: production, survival, and the effect of parent tree vigor." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-090.

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Root sprout age-class distributions around American beech trees were measured to characterize production of sprouts under closed canopies. Annual mortality of root sprouts was estimated by static and cohort life table analyses. Sprouts around parent trees with and without beech bark disease were compared to test for effects of lowered parent vigor on sprout production and vigor. Age-class distributions were highly variable, indicating episodic production of sprouts. Trends in the data suggested that (i) for individual parent beech trees, the number of sprouts per age-class decreased exponentially as sprout age increased; and (ii) parent trees with larger diameters had more sprouts, more sprout age-classes, but greater variability in age-class distribution. Life table analyses indicated uniform per capita mortality rates for clumps of sprouts but decreasing mortality with age for individual sprouts within clumps. Low parent vigor, due in part to beech bark disease, was weakly correlated with reduced sprout production, but diseased trees maintained populations of older sprouts that differed little from sprouts associated with nondiseased trees.
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Smithley, D. R., and T. W. Davis. "Birch Leafminer Control, Michigan, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.347.

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Abstract Clumps of regrowth birch trees at a 20-year-old abandoned tree farm in Carmel Township, Eaton Co., MI were treated for birch leafminer control. The trees were in clumps of 2-5 stems (1-4 inches) in diameter and were 12-20 ft high. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. All treatments were applied on 18 May with a single nozzle hand-held C02 sprayer from R&D Sprayers. The chemicals were mixed with 3.5 gal of water. Each tree was sprayed with Va gal of finished spray. The application was made at 50 psi through an 8008 nozzle. A second application of the Margosan treatments was made on 26 May. Test trees were evaluated on 30 Jun by observing 30 terminals per tree and recording the number of terminals with mined leaves.
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DiTomaso, Joseph M., Guy B. Kyser, and Edward A. Fredrickson. "Control of Black Oak and Tanoak in the Sierra Cascade Range." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.4.268.

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Abstract Broadcast, directed, and stem injection herbicide techniques were applied to 3- to 8-year-old black oak (Quercus kelloggii) and 3-year-old tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) clumps (directed applications only). Broadcast applications of imazapyr at all rates to black oak and directed applications of imazapyr to tanoak performed better with the addition of an adjuvant compared to treatments without the adjuvant. However, even with an adjuvant, broadcast treatments of imazapyr at or below 560 g acid equivalent (ae/ha) only suppressed black oak growth and did not provide long-term control. Directed applications of imazapyr gave excellent control of both black oak (0.43–2.17% ae plus Sylgard) and tanoak (0.14–1.13% ae plus Hasten) clumps. Imazapyr was more effective than basal bark treatments with triclopyr (8.9% ae), and tank-mixing imazapyr with glyphosate did not improve the level of control. Stem injection treatment of black oak trees or clumps with imazapyr was very effective with nearly all rates and hack intervals, but late summer or fall applications gave greater suppression of basal re-sprouts compared to spring and early summer treatments. These results demonstrate that imazapyr is a very effective and versatile tool for the control of black oak and tanoak clumps and black oak trees. West. J. Appl. For. 19(4):268–276.
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Fujinuma, Junichi, Matthew D. Potts, Abd Rahman Kassim, Rhett D. Harrison, Abd Razak O., and Takashi S. Kohyama. "Modular, hollow culms of rain-forest bamboos explain their persistence across a wide range of light environments." Journal of Tropical Ecology 34, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000032.

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Abstract:Tropical bamboos persist in a wide range of light conditions and quickly respond to changes in light availability. However, the mechanisms underpinning this ability remain unknown. In order to test the hypothesis that the modular and hollow culm architecture of bamboos explains their performance in a wide range of light environments, we determined the allometric relationships of two dominant bamboo species of the upper hill dipterocarp forests of Malaysia, Gigantochloa ligulata (n = 29) and Schizostachyum grande (n = 25), via destructive sampling. We also monitored biomass turnover of bamboos and woody trees in 24 permanent plots (1.92 ha in total) over a one-year period. Compared with woody trees, bamboo culms attained 1.5 times the height and their clumps supported four times as much total leaf area at the same above-ground biomass. In addition, at a given height, bamboo clumps had six times larger crown projection area than trees while having a similar amount of total leaf area per unit of crown projection area. Finally, bamboos’ biomass turnover rate was three times higher than trees, and G. ligulata increased its specific rate of biomass increase after canopy disturbance, while trees decreased. We conclude that the unique architecture of bamboos allows them to persist under closed forest canopy light conditions and to respond to gap formation via high biomass turnover rate.
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Smitley, D. R., and T. W. Davis. "Birch Leaf Miner Control, Michigan, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.267a.

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Abstract Plots consisting of clumps of birch trees were established at a 40-yr-old abandoned tree farm at Section 4, Carmel Township in Eaton Co. The trees were in clumps of 2-5 stems (1-3 inches) in diam and were 12-20 ft high. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. NTN 33893 2.5 G was applied on 27 Apr. For each 1 inch of trunk diam at breast height, a Yi inch hole was drilled into the ground around the teee. NTN 33893 5 G was poured into the holes at a depth of 14 inches below the surface. The Metasystox-R treatment was injected into the soil on 27 Apr with a converted Ross root feeder at 50 psi. The chemical for each tree was mixed in 300 ml and injected at 6 locations around the tree. The NTN 0.005 C and Orthene 75 S were applied on 6 May with a single nozzle hand-held COa sprayer. The application was made at 50 psi through an 8003 nozzle. Test trees were evaluated on 5 Jun by observing 30 terminals/tree and recording the number of mines.
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Books on the topic "Clumps of trees"

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Roper, Walton June. Some southern Roper "trees": A book of clues. Smithfield, NC: One Stop Printing, 1991.

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Berenstain, Michael. The Panda club's tree house. Racine, Wis: Western Pub. Co., 1989.

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Malinoski, Mary Kay. Broadleaved shrubs and shade trees: Problems, picture clues, and management options. Ithaca, N.Y: Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES) Cooperative Extension, 2009.

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Abbott, Jennie. The treehouse club. Pelham, NY: Benchmark Education Co., 2002.

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Lewis, Beverly. Tree house trouble. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers, 1998.

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Lewis, Beverly. Tree house trouble. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers, 1998.

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Marshall, Robert Bradford. Clues, Christmas Trees and Corpses: A Cozy Mystery Christmas Anthology. Eden Press, 2022.

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Marshall, Robert Bradford. Clues, Christmas Trees and Corpses: A Cozy Mystery Christmas Anthology. Eden Press, 2022.

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Marshall, Robert Bradford. Clues, Christmas Trees and Corpses: A Limited Edition Cozy Mystery Anthology. Eden Press, 2021.

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Little, Jean. Panda Club's Tree House Reader (Road to Reading). Golden Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clumps of trees"

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Dong, Ling, and Kefei Chen. "A Practical Clumped-Tree Multicast Encryption Scheme." In Information Security Practice and Experience, 165–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11689522_16.

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Poli, Daniela. "Tracciare la rotta per iscrivere i servizi ecosistemici nella pianificazione bioregionale." In I servizi ecosistemici nella pianificazione bioregionale, 129–35. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-050-4.15.

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Although still in a provisional form, as befits a field of study still undergoing consolidation, the text tries to summarize the results that emerged from the contributions collected in the volume and from their comparison; outlining, even before real conclusions, a series of clues, cues and problematic issues with which scientific reflection will have to face in the near future. Therefore, they are to be read as many beginnings of research paths, to be followed towards a plausible way of including ecosystem services in the bioregional planning of the territory.
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Gibson, David J. "IT’S IN THE GENES." In Planting Clues, 102–32. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868606.003.0005.

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Abstract This chapter begins with the highly publicized Maricopa case, wherein forensic scientists used DNA extracted from plant material to place a suspect at the scene of a crime—investigators showed that the seed pods found in the suspect’s truck came from a tree next to where police discovered the body of his victim. It discusses how the Maricopa case was analogous to human DNA profiling as the prosecution sought to determine whether seeds in the suspect’s truck were from a tree growing where the body was found or from other trees commonly found elsewhere in the region. The chapter traces forensic scientists’ use of molecular evidence from plants since 1992; at that time it was uncommon for several logistical reasons, but its use has grown since. It outlines how investigators can use DNA to discriminate among individuals, cultivars, or varieties of a single plant species to identify plant fragments associated with a crime scene, determine the provenance of a sample, or identify plants in adulterated food or medicinal products.
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"clump [n] of trees." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 140. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_2017.

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"trees [npl], clump of." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 1057. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_15214.

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Gibson, David J. "A TREE NEVER LIES." In Planting Clues, 1–19. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868606.003.0001.

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Abstract This chapter begins with the case of the kidnapping of the infant Charles Lindbergh. It details how the case still resonates in the annals of forensic science as it represents a landmark in the use of scientific expert witnesses and was one of the first uses of botanical evidence in a court of law. It also focuses on wood anatomy, which forms one type of botanical evidence. The chapter looks at the legal principles of evidence, specifically the evidence triangle that connects a victim, a perpetrator, and the crime scene. It considers the principle that perpetrators or witnesses can easily transfer evidence from one location to another, noting that this important evidence is botanical.
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Barker, David E. "“I’ve been rashed and confused”: Part 3." In HIV, 107–10. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190088316.003.0013.

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Stroke syndromes are not markedly increased in persons living with HIV. Watershed strokes involving the distribution of one or more cerebral arteries suggest embolization from within the vascular tree (rather than a cardioembolic source). Increasingly some strokes (and arteritis) are being recognized as being related to infection rather than atherosclerosis or thrombosis. Past medical history can be an important source of clues to arrive the correct diagnosis, and treatment.
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King, Steven. "The medical economy of makeshifts." In Sickness, medical welfare and the English poor, 1750-1834, 285–319. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526129000.003.0009.

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This chapter tries to situate parochial medical welfare within the wider medical economy of makeshifts. It argues that paupers engaged in a three strand set of responses to illness in addition to their negotiation of parochial relief. Sometimes they explored medical avenues (for instance charitable treatment by doctors) which shadowed the response of parishes; sometimes they explored avenues which complemented parochial activity; and sometimes (for instance through self-dosing and self-help clubs) they explored avenues which substituted for parochial spending. The chapter concludes that the medical welfare traceable in Old Poor Law records was a small subset of that garnered by the poor.
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Southgate, Emily W. B. Russell. "Field Studies: Bringing Historical Records Down to Earth." In People and the Land through Time, 34–47. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300225808.003.0003.

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There are many field techniques that take research beyond what can be found in written documents. Clues to the past are hidden in such subtle (and not so subtle) features as topographic modifications, soils, and tree trunks. Field studies search for evidence of conditions and for their resultant effects through a variety of techniques. Features may be evident from a ground survey, located precisely through GPS. Remote imaging, using a variety of techniques from simple aerial photography to lidar, reveal hidden patterns, that may then be studied on the ground. Archeological study relates the patterns found on the ground to human activities, as they have changed over time. Dendroecology interprets records left in tree rings. Some studies look at stands of different ages to study change over time, and long-term studies trace change in individual stands. In these field studies that look at the past, soil characteristics and materials hidden in the soil, such as DNA, stable isotopes and charcoal, can reveal details of past processes and species. These methods are illustrated with examples from a wide range of biomes.
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Atici, Bunyamin, and Ugur Bati. "Identity of Virtual Supporters." In Digital Identity and Social Media, 256–74. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1915-9.ch018.

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The main purpose of this study is to develop a framework for understanding and analyzing digital media as an autonomous social space or structure in which to construct an identity. This chapter extends debate on the impact of developing an online identity by focusing on football supporters, a specific and prevalent community within Turkish society. The authors examine issues surrounding online identity and the impact of digital culture on football supporters through questionnaires conducted with members of fan-based web sites, football forums, and football blogs in Turkey. In the research, the authors focus on the digital identity of fans from the three major clubs of Turkey - Besiktas, Fenerbahce, and Galatasaray. The independent football fan communities of Carsi, UltrAslan, and Gencfb are also present in the digital environment in the form of the official websites of these fan communities at www.forzabesiktas.com, www.ultraslan.com, and www.gencfb.org. The three main websites also include different forums and blogs. This research examines the impact of digital media and distributed social spaces of these clubs’ supporters on contemporary understandings of their digital identity. The authors give the conceptual frameworks and approaches to understanding digital identity of football fans. In this context, authenticity, fanaticism, reputation, belonging, and defending identity are examined to understand individual, group, community, and network based digital identities. From a theoretical perspective, the chapter also tries to understand what it means to be a part of a community using digital media.
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Conference papers on the topic "Clumps of trees"

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Platonov, Aleksey, A. Popov, Svetlana Snegireva, and Ekaterina Kantieva. "CHANGE IN THE HYGROSCOPICITY OF PINE CORE WOOD IN A TREE TRUNK DAMAGED BY FIRE." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_274-278.

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Fires have a significant impact on the structure and physical and mechanical properties of wood. The degree of this effect depends on the type of fire, its intensity and the duration of exposure to high temperature. The greatest impact on the wood occurs with a strong grassroots and general top fire. Gorenje fire is characterized by a high intensity of burning of forest floor and undergrowth, as well as the crown of trees. The effect of the high temperature of the fire on the tree trunk is different. As a result of the destruction of wood, there is a partial blocking of hydroxyl groups in the cellulose molecules and leads to a decrease in the hygroscopicity limit of wood. Of great practical interest is the change in the hygroscopicity of wood damaged by fire. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in the hygroscopicity of the core wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)after damage by a strong grassroots and general high-level fire. The studies were carried out on wood growing on the territory of the UOL in the Voronezh region, on samples of pine core wood cut from the clump, middle and apex parts of the trunk. It was experimentally established that the greatest decrease in the hygroscopicity of pine core wood occurred in the left part of the trunk, and the smallest in the middle part, after fire damage.
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Papoyan, A. "TEACHING SUMMARIZING AND PARAPHRASING SKILLS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM." In Proceedings of the XXXI International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/30082021/7647.

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Paraphrasing and summarizing are powerful skills that everyone should develop while learning a foreign language. These two tools are the main clues for integrating the sources into the papers. Paraphrasing and summarizing are very useful as they allow to convey other’s ideas in one’s speech without cluttering up the paragraphs with quotation marks. It is important to be able to summarize and paraphrase correctly to effectively integrate the research into the paper without any plagiarism. By paraphrasing and summarizing the writer shows a full understanding of the topic, identifies the most important information and explains it using his way of outlook. The article tries to highlight the main characteristic features of paraphrasing and summarizing skills, suggests some ways how to develop them and tries to find out the existing differences between them.
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Lemoe¨l, Marc, Paul Brown, Philippe Jean, and Barry Shepheard. "Design of the World’s 1st Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) for Murphy’s Kikeh Deepwater Development, East Malaysia." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57533.

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MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. has developed the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids are transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system. The GAP principle is based on a large diameter carrier pipe supporting a number of flow lines and a power/control umbilical. The carrier pipe serves as a structural support for the flow lines and umbilical. The flow lines are attached to the carrier pipe by supports allowing movement in the axial direction. The carrier pipe terminates at each end with a towhead, which channels the forces into the carrier pipe and supports flexible jumpers between the flowlines and the floating facilities. Tether chains are suspended from the floaters to support each end of the carrier pipe. Clump weights and buoyancy are mounted at the ends of the carrier pipe to generate vertical load. The action of the clump weights and buoyancy on the angled chains keeps the carrier pipe under tension. This tension minimizes the hog/sag deflections of the pipe bundle and keeps the system within acceptable limits. This paper presents a technical overview of the Kikeh FTL GAP system. Several challenging engineering and design aspects and their solutions are presented. Design of the GAP sub-components is highly interactive requiring significant hydrodynamic and structural analysis by experienced personnel. The Kikeh FTL GAP project commenced fabrication in 1st quarter 2006, and completed installation and achieved first oil in August 2007.
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Zhang, Linlin, Kin Fun Li, and Imen Bourguiba. "Recent Advances in Academic Performance Analysis." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13196.

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Academic performance analysis has gained popularity in the past decade. Using various prediction and classification methods, researchers aim to provide clues to help students to improve their performance, and to assist educational institutions to improve quality and make better administrative decisions. This work provides a brief survey of 56 papers related to academic performance prediction, published in 2019 and 2020. Statistics and analysis on the prediction target categories, the target population size, prediction and classification methodologies used, and evaluation metrics are presented. It is found that the most commonly used techniques are decision tree, ensemble methods, and neural networks. Futhermore, these techniques also give the highest accuracy in their target prediction.
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Bangalore, Gurudutt, Yongming Cheng, and Surya Banumurthy. "Multi-Pronged Approach for the Design of HP/HT Deepwater Steel Catenary Risers." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96249.

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Abstract As the industry plans to move forward with the development of high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) fields, challenges exist for the design of complaint risers in deepwater applications. The conventional wet tree application risers such as Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) have proven to be mature technologies in the deepwater applications around the world. HP/HT application leads to many challenges in deepwater risers. This paper investigates ways to overcome the design challenges of deepwater SCRs using a multi-pronged approach. The paper first addresses the challenge in riser pipe wall thickness. The HP/HT applications require higher pipe wall thicknesses mainly governed by the burst pressure design requirements. The pipe wall thicknesses required for the HP/HT applications will result in very high installation loads, reeling issues with low D/t, fabrication (welding) challenges, high payloads to the host vessel, etc. Any optimization to the wall thickness design in terms of using higher grade material, advancements in welding technology and advantages to be gained in the use of design codes can potentially help in overcoming of these challenges. The pipe sizes used in the HP/HT applications can pose significant challenges to the touchdown zone (TDZ) of standard steel catenary riser configurations, in terms of experiencing large TDZ compressions and having fatigue life concerns. Use of different SCR problem-solving approaches — TDZ clump weights, Lazy Wave Steel Riser (SLWR) and weight optimized risers will be reviewed in this paper. Vessel motion characteristics can significantly affect the riser performance. Vessels with improved motions, particularly from the riser response viewpoint, can play a significant role in the selection of optimum riser configurations. This has to be achieved in the early stages of the project. Some of the work done recently in development of the optimized vessel performance particularly in the case of semi-submersibles and their implications on the riser design are studied in this paper. Design of the risers in HP/HT fields in deepwater applications presents significant challenges and requires a multi-dimensional problem solving approach. An example is provided in this paper for the investigation. A multi-pronged approach has to be adopted for the successful design of riser system for HP/HT deepwater applications.
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