Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CLTI'
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Livas, Charalampos. "Building extension through additional CLT storeys." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82227.
Full textPancetti, Alessandra Roque. "Caracterização parcial da toxina citoletal distensora (CLTD) de escherichia coli." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316684.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foram pesquisadas as melhores condições de cultivo e estocagem da amostra de Escherichia coli 86-6136 para a produção da Toxina Citoletal Distensora (CLDT), assim como o melhor método de extração e purificação para a caracterização parcial da toxina. Após o que, foi realizada a produção de anticorpos neutralizantes policlonais em coelhos albinos e a análise dos efeitos citopáticos e citotóxicos da CLDT em cultura de células. O melhor meio para cultivo da amostra 86-6136 encontrado foi o "Evans Toxin Medium", pois com este meio foi verificada a produção de CLDT em ensaios de atividade citotóxica em cultura de células, com efeito semelhante ao descrito em literatura. Os estudos de obtenção da toxina demonstraram que o método mais vantajoso para a extração era a ultrasonicação do sedimento bacteriano, pois dispendia menos tempo e havia boa recuperação da atividade citotóxica, quando comparado com os outros métodos empregados, além de existir ganho no rendimento de mais de 4 vezes em atividade específica e 2 vezes em citotoxicidade, quando comparado ao sobrenadante inicial. Após a extração, o material foi submetido a diversos processos cromatográficos (Deae-Sepharose Fast-Flow; CM-Sepharose Fast-Flow; Phenil Sepharose; Sepharose CL6B; Sepharose CL4B; Superdex 200). A cromatografia que teve mais relevância para melhorar o grau de pureza da amostra foi em Sepharose CL6B. A amostra, quando submetida a cromatografia nesta resina, mostrou padrão de eluição com 3 picos, sendo que a atividade biológica estava concentrada no primeiro pico. Em eletroforese com SDS-P AGE, o material contendo atividade biológica apresentou 3 bandas, com os pesos moleculares estimados em 38,8; 37,3 e 22,4 kDa. Não foram obtidos resultados em ensaios eletroforéticos em P AGE convencional. Os ensaios cromatográficos em Sepharose CL6B resultaram em aumento de 100 vezes na citotoxicidade da amostra, e 237 vezes em atividade relativa. Os ensaios em cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC) em coluna Mono-Q não permitiram a recuperação da atividade citotóxica da toxina CLDT, e por isso foram abandonados. A atividade da toxina CLDT pôde ser observada em cultura de células Vero, HeLa e CHO. Apenas nas células CHO tanto o efeito citopático quanto o citotóxico foram observados. Em ensaios em células Vero e HeLa, o efeito de distensão celular não é evidente, e em células Vero, a viabilidade celular, ao final das 120 hrs de ensaio, é bem maior em relação às outras duas linhagens. A produção de anticorpo policlonal em coelhos albinos pôde ser verificada em teste de imunodifusão radial dupla, e sua capacidade neutralizante foi observada em ensaios de soroneutralização em cultura de células CHO. Os antissoros obtidos apresentaram atividade neutralizante do efeito citotóxico da toxina CLDT no título até 1/1024
Abstract: In this work, the best conditions of culture and stock methods of EscherichiQ coli 86-6136 strain for the production of citolethal distending toxin (CLDT), as well as its partial characterization, were studied. The production of polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and the study of citophatic and citotoxic effects of CLDT in culture cells was determined. The best growth medium found for CLDT production was Casaminoacid- Yeast Extract CA YE), as determined by biological activity assays in culture cells. The best method for CLDT extraction was sonic disruption of the bacterial cells. Higher yield of citotoxic activity was reached when compared to other methods, in addition to 4-fold increased specific activity and 2-fold citotoxicity, compared to the initial culture supernatant. After bacterial cells disruption, the supernatant was cromatographed on several columns (Deae-Sepharose Fast-Flow; CM-Sepharose Fast-Flow; Phenil-Sepharose; Sepharose CL6B; Sepharose CL4B; Superdex 200). The best method for increasingpurity was Sepharose CL6B. The material was separated in three peaks spectrophotometrically detected (absorbance 280 nm) among these the first one displayed biological activity. On SDS-PAGE, this material exhibited three bands whose M.W. were 38.8, 37.3 and 22.4 kDa. After cromatography on Sepharose CL6B, the material displayed increased citotoxicity and relative activity of 100 and 237-fold, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on Mono-Q column resulted in unrecoverable biological activity. The CLDT biological activity could be observed in Vero, ReLa and CRO cultured cells. Only in CRO, both citophatic and citotoxic effects could be observed. In Vero and HeLa cells the cellular progressive distention could not be observed and in Vero cells cellular viability was higher than in the other cells after 120 hr. Production of polyclonal antibodies was verified in Ouchterlony test and its neutralization capability was determined in seraneutralization tests in CHO cells. The sera obtained was shown to neutralize citotoxic activity of CLDT up to the 1/1024 dilution
Mestrado
Microbiologia
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Namroud, Larsana, and Ellen Hansson. "Projektering av KL-träbjälklag i bostäder med hänsyn till spännvidd och ljudkrav." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50168.
Full textHarmachova, Karolina. "Vibration performance of hybrid steel-CLT floors." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsmaterial, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192475.
Full textEriksson, Richard, and Maria Karlsson. "Effect of birch in CLT elements : An investigation of how introducing birch effects the strength properties of CLT elements." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280361.
Full textYeager, Mary Elizabeth Bratton. "A cross-validation study of the college learning effectiveness inventory (CLEI)." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1647.
Full textPai, Sai Ganesh Sarvotham. "Force transfer around openings in CLT shear walls." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51632.
Full textApplied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Mancha, André Luiz Pereira. "Wage differential between statutory and CLT public employees." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24643.
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Since 1998 in the Public Administration there are statutory workers ('estatutários') and others hired by the CLT labor regime ('celetistas'). Thisfact occurs due the Constitutional Amendment number 19 , formulated that year, which has changed the article 39 of Brazilian Constitution. It allowed public entities to hire employees under CLT legislation. This situation lasted until 2007 when the Supreme Court of Brazil suspended such modification and so the original understanding of the Constitution was reestablished. This work intends to evaluate the wage differential between statutory and CLT employees by means of an econometric approach. Using a fixed effectsregression we have analyzed the impact of the labor regime upon public workers wages and using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition we quantified how much of such differential is due the labor regime and how much is due to the individual characteristics (education, tenure and others). There are evidences that CLT workers have in average wages R$ 310.00 lower than statutory. Controlling by occupation we also see a negative prize to CLT worker to all groups except by the High Skilled Workers that have a salary R$ 95.98 higher than the Statutory. Low Skilled Workers show the smallest differential (R$ 12.20) followed by Teachers and Researchers (R$ 85.27) and Technicians (R$ 97.11). The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition shows that the largest part is not explained by endowments differences. The spending with wages and benefits to public employees is one of the main debates in the current scenario of fiscal adjustment facing the relevant increase of Public Debt in the last years. The Brazilian society has a perception that the Government has an excessive amount of workers and furthermore these onesreceive higher wages without a reasonable explanation when compared to similar occupations in private companies. At the end of 2017 the Brazilian Government presented an action plan to reduce the spending with wages and benefits of public employees. Among the proposals there were a decrease in the initial salary of public service and an increase in the public pension plan contribution.
Desde o ano de 1998 coexistem na Administração Direta, Autarquias e Fundações Públicas, funcionários públicos estatutários e 'celetistas'. Esta situação decorre da Emenda 19, a qual alterou o artigo 39 da Constituição e permitiu que estas entidades contratassem funcionários pela CLT. Essa situação perdurou até o ano de 2007, quando o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF)suspendeu liminarmente (ADI 2135) a nova redação e dessa forma restaurou a situação original, válida atualmente. Este trabalho se propõe a medir a diferença no salário entre servidores públicos estatutários e celetistas por meio de uma abordagem econométrica. Utilizando uma regressão de efeitos fixos foi analisado o impacto do regime de trabalho sobre o salário dos servidores e por meio da decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder estimou-se quanto desta diferença decorre do regime de trabalho e quanto se deve às características dos indivíduos de cada grupo (escolaridade, experiência e outros). Há indícios de que os celetistas recebem um salário R$ 310.00 menor do que seus pares estatutários. Controlando os efeitos de cada profissão há um diferencial negativo para todas os celetistas exceto para os profissionais de alta qualificação os quais possuem um salário R$ 95.98 maior do que os estatutários. Com relação aos outros grupos, os profissionais de baixa qualificação apresentam o menor diferencial de salários (R$ 12.20) seguido por professores e pesquisadores (R$ 85.27) e técnicos (R$ 97.11). Na decomposição do diferencial a maior parte não decorre de diferenças nas características dos indivíduos de cada grupo. O impacto dos salários e benefícios de funcionários públicos sobre as contas públicas é um dos principais pontos debatidos dentre as propostas que englobam o plano de ajuste fiscal do Governo Brasileiro. A percepção atual da sociedade é que além do governo contar com um contingente significativo de servidores públicos, estes recebem maiores salários quando comparados a trabalhadores em atividades semelhantes na iniciativa privada. Nesse contexto o governo federal apresentou no final de 2017 uma série de medidas para adequação dos gastos com folha de pagamento de servidores públicos, dentre elas a redução do salário inicial e elevação da contribuição previdenciária destes trabalhadores.
Williams, A. Lynn, Sharynne McLeod, Rebecca J. McCauley, Steven F. Warren, and Marc E. Fey. "Interventions for Speech Sound Disorders in Children (CLI)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://www.amzn.com/1598570188.
Full texthttps://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1180/thumbnail.jpg
Rasheed, Mollah Mohammed Haroon Ar. "Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Bangladesh: Effectiveness and Enhancements." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Teacher Education, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9450.
Full textKjellgren, Linda, and Susanna Thurin. "Korslimmat Trä : En guide för byggande med CLT-stomme." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191452.
Full textAdhikari, Sailesh. "Assessment of Cross Laminated Timber Markets for Hardware Lumber." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103013.
Full textPh.D.
This research aims to expand the hardwood lumber consumption in the US by evaluating the opportunity to manufacture cross-laminated timber (CLTs). First, CLT manufacturing industries were visited to know their current capacity to process hardwood lumber. The results suggest that all three CLT industries had sufficient technology to produce hardwood CLTs, and the production was mainly limited by the quality and quantity of lumber available. Commercially hardwood can be used in CLT manufacturing if it can be used for structural application. Hardwood lumber must meet the structural application's minimum requirements to manufacture the structural grade CLTs, so we surveyed the hardwood sawmills to know if they have the required resources to manufacture the structural grade hardwood lumber (SGHL). Only ten percent of the sawmills had required technology to produce SGHL without additional investments. Production of the SGHL also required to generate more revenue for the hardwood sawmills, so we conducted the log yield study to know how the revenue structure of sawmill operation will change from the mixed grade lumber production. At estimated lumber value, 2x6 and 2x8 SGHL and 1-inch National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA) grade lumber production as product mix from logs generate higher revenue for all log groups except for the diameter 13" logs. Finally, the production cost of SGHL from the log yield study was evaluated and used to produce CLTs at 40% production cost from lumber at 15% profit margins for sawmills and compare with southern yellow pines CLTs. The results indicate that yellow poplar CLTs cost 3-7 % more than southern yellow pines CLTs at the referenced lumber values. This study concludes that hardwood lumber can be used in CLT manufacturing, so there is an opportunity for hardwood sawmills to expand the market. The first step for commercial production of hardwood CLTs is to produce SGHL on a commercial scale, given that sawmills can benefit from these new products in the current lumber market and meet the minimum requirements of the CLT raw materials.
Hasuni, Hesen Kathum, Khamis Adib Sekran Al-douri, and Mohammed Hussein Hamodi. "Compression Strength Perpendicular to Grain in Cross-laminated Timber (CLT)." Thesis, Växjö University, Växjö University, Växjö University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5349.
Full text
The compressive strength perpendicular to grain of cross laminated timber (CLT) was studied experimentally. The problem was also theoretically analyzed and a finite element model was created and solved using a commercial finite element software package. The experiments were carried out with three layer CLT specimens of dimensions 200x200x120 mm and 300x300x120 mm. In some of the experiments a contact free deformation measurement system was used to analyze the strain field during loading. Different ways to apply the load were used: over the whole surface of the specimens and by a 50 mm wide steel bar. The position of the steel bar in relation to the specimen edge and its orientation relative the surface grain direction was varied. It was found that the compression strength of the cross laminated timber depended on the way in which the load was applied. The compression strength perpendicular to grain was found vary from 2.9 N/mm2 for specimens loaded by a line load at the edge of the specimen and parallel to the surface grain direction to 5.8 N/mm2 for specimens loaded by a line load at the specimen centre and perpendicular to the surface fiber direction.
Tryckhållfastheten vinkelrät fiberriktningen i korslimmade massivträskivor (CLT) bestämdes experimentellt. Även teoretiska studier genomfördes med hjälp av ett kommersiellt finita elementprogram. Provningarna genomfördes på treskiktsskivor med måtten 200x200x120 mm samt 300x300x120 mm. I vissa av försöken användes dessutom ett mätsystem för beröringsfri deformationsmätning för att bestämma töjningsfälten. Olika sätt att belasta provbitarna undersöktes: genom att belasta hela provytan eller genom att belasta provet med en 50 mm bred stålstav. Stålstavens läge i förhållande till provbitens kant och dess orientering i förhållande till ytskiktets fiberriktning varierades. De experimentella resultaten visade att hållfastheten beror på hur provbitarna belastas. Tryckhållfastheten varierade mellan 2.9 N/mm2 för fallet med en linjelast vid provbitens kant och orienterad parallellt med ytskiktets fiberriktning och 5.8 N/mm2 för fallet med en linjelast mitt på provbiten och orienterad vinkelrät mot ytskiktets fiberriktning.
Leroux, Madeline. "Performance et optimisation énergétique d'un édifice à bureaux en CLT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29012/29012.pdf.
Full textMestar, Mohammed. "Kinematic Behaviour of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Shearwalls with Openings." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40929.
Full textSvensson, Meulmann Sebastian, and Egzon Latifi. "Modelling and testing of CLT panels for evaluation of stiffness." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104766.
Full textVagnini, Francesco. "Vibro-acoustic characterization of CLT plates: analytical model and experimental measurement." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15095/.
Full textHultstrand, Sebastian, and Robin Olofsson. "Git - CLI or GUI : Which is most widely used and why?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10539.
Full textRochester, Rachel. "Postcolonial Cli-Fi: Advocacy and the Novel Form in the Anthropocene." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23736.
Full textCarta, Nicola. "Sviluppo e ottimizzazione di connessioni tipo Holdown innovative per strutture in CLT." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textMazumder, Sanjoy Kumar. "Bangladeshi Secondary Teacher Educators’ Experiences and Understandings of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6638.
Full textStutesman, Jonathan Harley. "Identifying the Economic Barriers to CLT Cost Estimation Among Building Construction Professionals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96712.
Full textMaster of Science
Cross-laminated timbers (CLTs) are strong and lightweight structural building materials that also serve as a method of sequestering carbon rather than emitting carbon like more traditional construction materials. CLT construction is straightforward and quick to assemble, requiring minimal time and labor. CLTs are made from abundant and renewable wood resources and have significant economic potential as a job creator and as a new value-added product for the United States. However, market penetration has been obstructed by product affordability and lack of availability for use. Previous studies and projects have surveyed opinions of designers and contractors about CLT use. However, no previous study has been found that examined the opinions of cost estimators, who serve an essential function in providing economic comparisons of different construction systems for designers and building owners to select in the commercial construction area. CLTs are currently not included in these cost estimates, and this lack of information may be limiting the potential of this construction system. The purpose of this study was to discover if cost estimation is being used to make structural decisions potentially affecting the marketability of CLT use in construction and building design because of the ability to estimate CLTs adequately. Through the use of a survey and discussions with subject matter experts, this study examined the knowledge level of crosslaminated timbers of under-surveyed building construction professions and the relationship between cost estimation and structural material choices. They are demonstrating the need for better cost estimation tools for cross-laminated timbers such as inclusion in the Construction Specifications Institute’s classification systems in order for CLTs to become a more competitive product. Cost estimation is performed early in the design process before the structural material has been chosen. However, making cost estimates of CLT materials early in the design process is not a practical solution at this point due to the lack of cost data available. As an alternative solution, this project developed a design tool that is meant to accelerate the design process and allow companies to approach suppliers for quotes, which require mostly complete designs. While this is not a complete solution, if designs are made faster and more effortless, they should also be a more affordable investment for clients. 5 | Page Building construction professionals perceived CLT construction as too expensive, unavailable to the consumer, or unwanted by the client. It was found that the lack of data, due primarily to the material being new to the US construction industry, was a significant barrier to CLT cost estimation. The custom design of many previous CLT projects, due to the lack of CLT construction in the current building codes, limits the collection of standard CLT construction data. There is also an issue with the discrete sizes of CLT panels limiting their competitiveness. These barriers were identified in this study, and further research is needed to develop complete solutions.
Mehlig, Jakob, and Elisabeth Wade. "Making the connection : Are post-tensioned CLT walls an economically sound option?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446615.
Full textSyftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka kostnaden för olika infästningsmetoder för stabiliserande väggar i träkonstruktioner. Fokus ligger på efterspänningsmetoden, som innebär att det monteras stänger i väggarna genom flera våningar som sedan spänns åt. Examensarbetet begränsas i att titta på byggnader uppförda i KL-trä. Det övergripande syftet med arbetet är att avgöra om efterspänningssystem är ett ekonomiskt lönsamt alternativ kontra konventionella infästningsmetoder, för att stabilisera KL-träväggar. KL-trä står för kors-limmat trä och används idag för bärande konstruktioner inom träbyggnader och består av flera lager träskivor som har limmats ihop. Varje lager har vridits med 90 grader i förhållande till det föregående, för att främja komponentens styrka och fuktmotstånd. För att samla information om de olika aspekter som påverkas av valet av infästningsmetod hölls intervjuer med personer som använt sig av efterspänningsmetod i träkonstruktioner. Utöver detta genomfördes även en kostnadsjämförelse mellan olika infästningsalternativ för olika stabiliserande väggar. De alternativ som jämfördes var efterspänningsmetoden och de mer konventionella vinkeljärnen. Resultaten från kostnadsjämförelsen visade att vinkeljärnen var det mest ekonomiska valet för byggnader i 4-våningar, medan materialkostnaden för efterspänningsmetoden var lägre för byggnader med 8-våningar och uppåt. Den största prisskillnaden mellan de två metoderna var för en vägg i en byggnad med 20 våningar och 100 kN i upplyftande krafter, där kostnaden av det konventionella systemet var 76,5% dyrare än det billigaste av de efterspända systemen. Analysen av byggnadshöjderna gjordes i intervaller om fyra våningar. Detta examensarbete avslutades med en fallstudie där de olika aspekterna som påverkar kostnaden av anslutningsmetod, som byggnadshöjd och planlösning, jämfördes. Resultaten från fallstudien följde i samma fotspår, då efterspänningsmetoden blev allt mer kostnadseffektiv med ökat våningsantal.
Barreto, Maria Izabel de Mello. "Análise do desempenho estrutural do CLTB - Cross Laminated Timber and Bamboo, composto de madeira e bambu." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Tecnologia e Urbanismo. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2018. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000220758.
Full textConcretes, like steel and wood, are widely used in Brazil. However, other materials are being studied and explored by researchers in various parts of the world, aiming to reduce the environmental impact that many materials as well as civil construction cause to the environment. During the extraction process there is a very high energy expenditure and considerable degradation to the environment to obtain it. Thus, an ecological thinking concerned with the future of the world civil construction, as an excellent alternative for the construction that is the Construction System Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Cross Laminated Wood showing its versatility in the development of materials. The CLT opens horizons in the engineering of the wood thanks to its lamellar structure which makes it ideal for the construction due to its mechanical properties. Through the experimental methodology, and the bibliographical research it can be observed that bamboo is a sustainable material with numerous advantages for the construction. The aim of the present work was to analyze the structural performance of CLTB (Cross Laminated Timber and Bamboo) and Bamboo Laminated Crossed Composite panels composed of pine wood (Pinus spp.) And Bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus). It is expected that the construction system of CLTB may constitute a technological alternative for civil construction. Bonding tests of small specimens were performed with the objective of judging the quality of three types of adhesives that constituted the CLTB panels. It was divided in two stages, the first one was the choice of the best adhesive to be used in the panels through mechanical tests, according to the norm NBR 7190 (1997). 312 representative specimens of CLTB panels were tested using Melanin Urea Formaldehyde (MUF), Isocyanate (EPI) and castor oil based (AGT) adhesives. The specimens were subdivided into 8 groups with 13 test specimens each group, and glued with parallel orientation and perpendicular to the bamboo and pinus fibers and position of material (external part with bamboo outside, inner part with external part of bamboo, bamboo outside with pinus and inner part of bamboo with pinus), making 8 kinds of different combinations of species bamboo and pine. The analysis of the results obtained in the tests of determination of the shear strength, longitudinal of the bonding between bamboo and pine in the same direction of the fibers and between the same species showed better performance for the adhesive MUF, for the combination of bamboo / pinus in the collages with the same direction of the fibers, outside bamboo and pine. Laboratory testing of the CLTB panels was performed. 8 panels were tested with the following layers: bamboo / pinus / bamboo, the outer layers of bamboo and the central layer of pine. The values of stiffness and rupture were higher than those specified by the American Standard ANSI / APA PGR 320 (2012); in this study 13310.2 and 64.6 respectively, thus showing the feasibility of using this material for structural use.
GOULART, J. P. "Avaliação da Acurácia de Métodos Fenotípicos Propostos Por Manuais de Referência na Classificação de Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carreadora do Gene blaKPC." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7150.
Full textInfecções hospitalares causadas por bactérias resistentes a múltiplos antimicrobianos (MDR) são uma ameaça global à saúde pública e resultam no aumento da falha terapêutica e das taxas de mortalidade. Dentro da família Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae produtora da carbapenemase KPC é o principal patógeno responsável por essas infecções e é alvo de grande preocupação devido seu alto potencial de disseminação. Para reduzir o atraso na terapia adequada e implementar as medidas de controle é essencial a detecção acurada deste mecanismo de resistência. Entretanto, isso representa um desafio para os laboratórios de microbiologia, pois os pontos de corte clínico recomendados pelos manuais de referência não são capazes de detectar todos os isolados produtores de carbapenemase e nenhum dos testes indicados como confirmatórios possuem 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a acurácia dos métodos e critérios interpretativos propostos pelos manuais Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) e Brazilian Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (BrCAST) para detecção da produção de carbapenemase em 47 amostras clínicas de K. pneumoniae carreadora do gene blaKPC. A susceptibilidade aos carbapenêmicos e os critérios de seleção das amostras para realização dos métodos confirmatórios empregados (Teste de Hodge Modificado e Teste de sinergismo com inibidores) foram avaliada através dos métodos de difusão a partir do disco (DD) e da determinação da concentração mínima inibitória utilizando os critérios interpretativos de ambos os manuais. Todas as amostras apresentaram fenótipo MDR. Os resultados indicaram que os pontos de corte clínico associados aos pontos de corte de triagem propostos pelo BrCAST mostraram melhor desempenho em selecionar corretamente as amostras de K. pneumoniae carreando o gene blaKPC para os testes confirmatórios. Para garantir maior acurácia é crucial seguir estritamente o preconizado uso dos três carbapenêmicos e, além disso, foi observado que o método de DD seguindo os critérios do manual brasileiro foi o único capaz de selecionar corretamente todas as amostras para os testes confirmatórios. Ambos os testes fenotípicos foram capazes de detectar produção de carbapenemase nas mesmas 40 amostras e em 7 amostras os resultados nesses testes foram negativos apesar da presença do gene blaKPC.
Peron, André. "SIT e CLIT : ferramentas e metodologia para aprimoramento de investigações criminais utilizando interceptações de conexão à internet." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/10471.
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A interceptação de conexões à Internet é uma técnica de investigação criminal prevista pela legislação brasileira sob determinadas condições, que consiste na captura e análise do tráfego de rede de determinada conexão sem o conhecimento dos investigados. Diversas dificuldades têm inibido seu uso, tais como falta de padronização na disponibilização do tráfego pelos provedores de conexão, infraestrutura inadequada para recebimento do tráfego e ferramentas ineficientes para tratamento e análise do tráfego. Neste trabalho são propostos dois sistemas (SIT e CLIT) e metodologia de investigação utilizando-os. O SIT (Servidor de Interceptação Telemática) é uma infraestrutura central para recebimento do tráfego e o CLIT (Cliente de Interceptação Telemática) trata-se de ferramenta de obtenção, tratamento, importação e análise de tráfego. Os sistemas visam à simplificação do uso de interceptações de conexões de Internet nas investigações e, em consequência, o aumento do seu uso. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos demonstram que a metodologia de investigação utilizando os sistemas desenvolvidos apresentou, além da simplificação do processo, diversos benefícios que potencializam o uso das interceptações de conexão à Internet pelos órgãos de investigação criminal brasileiros. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The interception of Internet connections is a technique of criminal investigation admitted by Brazilian legislation under certain conditions, which consists of capturing and analyzing network traffic of a given connection without the knowledge of the person being investigated. Several problems have inhibited its use, such as lack of standardization in the delivery of traffic by connecting providers, inadequate infrastructure for receiving traffic and inefficient tools for treatment and traffic analysis. This paper proposes two systems (SIT and CLIT) and investigation methodology using them. The SIT (Telematics Interception Server) is a central infrastructure for receiving traffic and CLIT (Telematics Interception Client) it is a tool for obtaining, processing, importing and analyzing the traffic. Systems aimed at simplifying the use of interception of Internet connections in the investigations and, consequently, increased their use. The results obtained in the experiments demonstrate that the investigation methodology using the designed systems presented, as well as simplifying the process, several benefits that enhance the use of interception of Internet connection by Brazilian criminal investigation agencies.
Posri, Wilatsana. "Improving the predictability of consumer preferences from central location test (CLT) in tea." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365906.
Full textSheptovitsky, Levi. "La tablature de luth de Cracovie (CLT) : étude du manuscrit et édition critique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040029.
Full textThe Cracow Lute Tablature (CTL) dated c. 1553-early 17th century, is the earliest and most comprehensive collection of Polish Renaissance lute music. The repertoire of CLT, 57 pieces representing a century's worth of music, consists of intabulations of vocal compositions, dances, fantasias and preludes. CLT is the principal source of the unique Polish pieces. The fundamental goal of this dissertation is the study of this rare and unsufficiently examined manuscript. All pieces of CTL have benne analyzed, catalogued and transcribed in the interpretative transcription wich is reconstruction of the raw musical material found in the tablature which renders the real sound of the polyphonic structure, as sounded on the lute in accordance with a modern concept of meter. Almost all genres are identified, the vocal models, the autorship, titles and printed sources of some of the pieces have been established. CTL was compiled during the most productive period in the history of the Renaissance lute music and reflects changes in the European instrumental music between two epochs the Renaissance and Baroque. CTL proves Polish cultural contacts with other musical centers in Europe, enriches our knowledge of compositional techniques, procedures of ornamentation and arrangement, reflects the general tendencies in Polish solo instrumental music of this period and side by side with the famous Jan of Lublin and the Cracow keyboard tablatures, it is one of the most important sources of Polish Renaissance instrumental music. In many details CTL is a varied, problematical source representing a rich and interresting level of Renaissance musical culture. The present study considerably fill the gap in our knowledge on Polish lute music before appearance of the famous Polish lutenists at the beginning of the 17th century and advance the state of searche into this manuscript
Martin, Ulysse. "Spécificités physiques et enjeux de la performance énergétique du CLT en milieu nordique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30955.
Full textWood is one of the first material mankind used to work with and is still full of potential for building sector. Many engineering materials have been developed from wood, such as the cross-laminated timber (CLT). Wooden engineering materials are as performant as steel and concrete but are also cost effective and have a lower environmental footprint. Resources extraction for the manufacture of building materials and the building phase itself require a lot of energy, and generate or release important amount of greenhouse gaz. Wood is a sustainable resource that has the benefit of being able to capture carbon during its growing phase and to preserve it. In service, buildings will have heating and cooling loads, depending of their energy efficiency, high energy efficiency is required to lower the overall energy footprint of buildings. CLT has the potential to be a greener substitute to reinforced concrete in the mid-rise building. CLT helps to reach energy efficiency because wood panels act as a barrier for air, vapor and heat. In CLT building system, junctions between panels and with other elements (ducts, wiring, etc) are the main leakage paths through the envelope. Infiltrations and exfiltrations are responsible for important heat losses. Exfiltrations can also lead to excessive moisture accumulation in the walls, resulting in mold and rot growth. Structural integrity and air quality can be jeopardized on the average/long term. The aim of this project was to assess the impact of gaps between CLT panels, in case of air leakages, on the energy efficiency and durability of the wall. A real case of infiltration in a corner of a CLT building was used to size an air leakage area in the insulation (0.72 mm through the insulation considering a 1 m high wall), intended an assembly tolerance or gap of 2 mm. The gap was then extrapolated to a flat wall, to exclude the thermal bridge effect of the corner. An energy efficiency assessment was done using simulations for both cases of infiltration and exfiltration, with variable assembly gap. Simulation also permits to assess the impact on durability, on mold growth risks, of the exfiltration for variable exfiltrated air relative humidity. Results show that infiltration has a greater impact (1.62 times) than exfiltration, which is itself 1.37 times more energy-consuming than a perfect wall. The impact of the assembly gap variations in the CLT is restricted by a maximum flow rate dicted by the air leakage path in the insulation. Simulation of moisture transfer shows that mold growth is to fear on the gap surface through the wall, when the exfiltrated air relative humidity exceeds 40 %. The first mold development should primarily affects the insulation, but extends to the CLT as the relative humidity of the exfiltrated air increases. Condensation occurs in the insulation near the outlet of the exfiltration, leading to an accumulation of ice behind the external cladding. Results of simulations show how important it is to keep the air barrier continuous, and to avoid that assembly gaps in the CLT act as shortcut for eventual air leaks. The use of flexible adhesive joints, which can match the irregular cut of the CLT and dampen the dimensional variations would reduce the risks of air leakage.
Huber, Johannes Albert Josef. "Modelling Alternative Load Paths in Platform-Framed CLT Buildings : A Finite Element Approach." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Träteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73258.
Full textMaddox, John Nicholas. "Tall Timber." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96187.
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Sorce, Elizabeth. "The Role of Community Land Trusts in Preserving and Creating Commercial Assets: A Dual Cae Study of Rondo CLT in St. Paul, Minnesota and Crescent City CLT in New Orleans, Louisiana." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1501.
Full textBettelli, Lucia. "Sviluppo e calibrazione di un modello fenomenologico per la progettazione sismica di edifici CLT." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textPfingsthorn, Joanna [Verfasser]. "Variability in Learner Errors as a Reflection of the CLT Paradigm Shift / Joanna Pfingsthorn." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042469814/34.
Full textMezeiro, Rafaela Maria Marques. "Construir em Madeira aplicabilidade de painéis CLT em habitação de média densidade em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18088.
Full textServe o presente trabalho para estudar a viabilidade da aplicação do sistema construtivo de painéis de madeira de Cross Laminated Timber - CLT, na construção ou recuperação de um edifício de habitação de média densidade em Portugal, na cidade de Lisboa. Os painéis de CLT são peças de madeira associadas a um processo construtivo inovador, com uma considerável capacidade de suportar cargas aplicadas, principalmente quando comparado com sistemas construtivos convencionais. Neste tipo de estruturas de CLT os elementos que a constituem comportam-se como painéis, em que o transporte das forças é feito bidireccionalmente. Considerou-se a elaboração deste trabalho atendendo às preocupações relacionadas com um tema da actualidade, nomeadamente as alterações climáticas. Ao nível da arquitectura, uma das formas de reduzir o impacto ambiental que a construção provoca é por exemplo através da utilização da madeira, que por sua vez tem a capacidade de armazenar dióxido de carbono, um dos principais gases emitidos para a atmosfera com efeito de estufa. Ao potenciar o uso da madeira, está-se por uma lado a dinamizar o sector madeireiro, mas também por outro lado a contribuir para a diminuição da pegada ecológica. Na realidade, com o aumento da utilização da madeira poder-se-á eventualmente, verificar-se uma maior necessidade do aumento da fileira, significando portanto que quantas mais árvores forem plantadas maior a quantidade de CO2 poderá ser retirada da atmosfera, desta forma também poderá surgir a necessidade de criar diferentes políticas de gestão e manutenção florestal com esta utilização em vista. Atendendo às propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira considerou-se importante abordar o tema da pré-fabricação de peças de madeira. Por ser um material dúctil, a madeira permite a normalização de vários tipos de produtos que por sua vez podem ser aplicados na construção de casas modulares, em que um dos principais objectivos deste tipo de construção está relacionado com a regularização das dimensões da construção de modo a estabelecer um módulo padrão como unidade de medida de referência, optimizando-se o processo de pré-fabricação e montagem do edifício no local. Por outro lado este é um tipo de construção que obedece a medidas passivas, que por sua vez pressupõe poupanças, ou até mesmo reduções significativas do consumo de energia do próprio edifício.
ABSTRACT: The present work aims to study applicability of the use of the Cross Laminated Timber – CLT construction system for new construction and rehabilitation of medium density housing in Portugal, in the city of Lisbon. The CLT panels are pieces of wood associated with an innovative construction process, with a considerable loading capacity, especially when compared with traditional constructive systems. In this type of CLT structures the elements consist of panels, in which the force transport is made bidirectionally. The elaboration of this work was considered taking into account the concerns related to a current theme, namely climate change. In architecture one of the ways to reduce the environmental impact that the construction causes is for example through the use of wood, since this material has the capacity to store carbon dioxide, a green house effect gas. By enhancing the use of wood, on the one hand, the timber industry could become more dynamic while also contributing to the reduction of green house effect. In fact, with increasing use of wood there will also be a greater need to plant trees, impling that the more trees that are planted the more CO2 that is withdrawn from the atmosphere, this could also create the need to create a different forest management and maintenance policies. Considering the physical and mechanical properties of wood, it was considered important to address the pre-fabrication of wood pieces. Because it is a ductile material, wood allows the standardization of several types of products which in turn can be applied in the construction of modular houses, in which one of the main objectives of this type of construction is related to the regularization of the dimensions of the construction with the purpose to establish a standard module as a reference unit of measurement, optimizing the pre-fabrication and assembly process of the building on site. On the other hand this is a type of construction that obeys passive requirements, which in turn supposes savings, or even significant reductions in the energy consumption of the building itself.
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Ahrén, Elin. "Abstrakt eller konkret verklighet? : Om hur psykologisk distans inverkar på perception." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-87100.
Full textVercilli, Maria Chiara. "Studio del comportamento sismico di edifici multipiano in CLT in differenti zone sismiche e climatiche." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textBarbieri, Laura. "Studio del comportamento sismico di edifici in CLT con connessioni dissipative del tipo X-bracket." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textFiorani, Enrico. "Studio del comportamento nel piano di murature rinforzate mediante il placcaggio con pannelli in CLT." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textNolet, Vincent. "Analytical Methodology to Predict the Behaviour of Multi-Panel CLT Shearwalls Subjected to Lateral Loads." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36999.
Full textDickof, Carla. "Clt infill panels in steel moment resisting frames as a hybrid seismic force resisting system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44209.
Full textAl-Nouh, Nowreyah A. A. "Are Kuwaiti primary EFL teachers implementing a CLT-based learner-centred method in their classrooms?" Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/613.
Full textLidqvist, Markus. "Påbyggnad med CLT-bjälklag i kvarteret Höken 1 : En studie av konstruktionsmässiga och ekonomiska förutsättningar." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25122.
Full textIs cross laminated timber a suitable building material for adding storeys to a building? The purpose of this study is to examine how good an alternative CLT makes in comparision with other methods of developing new homes in urban areas. This study aims to a property developer and primarily to the client: AB Gotlandshem. The block Höken 1 was built in the beginning of the 1960s. The buildings of current interest are three houses with two stories and basement. These buildings are designated: B, D and F. The load bearing structure is constructed in varying materials. Two walls has been selected as especially interesting. They are examined closer through static analysis accordnig to EKS 9. The study concludes that they are sturdy enough to carry an added storey. The study also examines the ecomonic premises for adding a storey made from CLT. Separate costs are identified and compared. Naturally is the materials cost a separate cost in the choice between two different materials, but the study also identifies costs for mounting subfloor construction and installations as separate costs. The economic comparision indicates a possibility to cut costs by choosing subfloor constructins of CLT. The study shows that it is possible to add a storey to house B, D and F. Furthermore is CLT a good alternative from an economic viewpoint. The material has advantages that results in rational production methods. From this follows that CLT may be a cheaper solution for adding a storey.
Passos, Thais Mayrink Xavier. "Instrumentalidade e permeabilidade: uma análise conjuntural da formação da CLT no pensamento de Oliveira Vianna." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/796.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este estudo busca elaborar uma análise sobre o pensamento do jurista e sociólogo Oliveira Vianna, abordando as principais ideias defendidas em suas obras para, então, considerar o período em que atuou como Consultor Jurídico do Ministério do Trabalho do governo Vargas, identificando sua influência sobre a legislação trabalhista e sindical recém-elaborada, demonstrando, ainda, os problemas enfrentados por Vianna com a classe patronal e que culminou com sua saída do referido Ministério. Com essas informações, o objetivo central do presente trabalho será avaliar a natureza de permeabilidade da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, tendo como ponto de questionamento a existência e atuação das Convenções Coletivas, dotadas ambas de objetivos similares, atuando inicialmente de maneira complementar para, então, após o alcance da preparação social para implantação de institutos corporativos, ter a CLT sua existência relativizada.
This study aims to develop an analysis of the thought of the jurist and sociologist Oliveira Vianna, addressing main ideas defended in his works to then consider the period in which he served as Legal Counselor of the Labor Ministry in the Vargas government, identifying its influence on lab and syndical laws newly developed, also demonstrating the problems faced by Vianna with the employer class and that culminated in his departure from this Ministry. With this information, the central objective of this study is to evaluate the nature of permeability of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, taking as a point of questioning the existence and activity of the Collective Conventions, both endowed with similar objectives, initially acting in a complementary way to then, after reaching social preparation for implementation of corporate institutes, have the CLT their existence relativized.
Ropa, Lorenzo. "Sperimentazione di un sistema di retrofit strutturale con pannello clt e dissipatori meccanici: e-SAFE." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Find full textSeferaj, Kristjan. "An investigation of Albanian EFL teachers' decision-making in their use of CLT-oriented textbooks." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/26750/.
Full textLindgren, Anna. "Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLTs) : En kvalitativ analys av ordproduktion hos enspråkiga svenska och flerspråkiga svensk-turkiska 4;0-6;11-åringar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275050.
Full textBohnacker, U. (2014-2019). Språkstörning eller typisk språkutveckling? Utveckling av metoder för språklig bedömning av flerspråkiga barn i Sverige. Vetenskapsrådet VR2013-1309.
Leslie, Samuel Richard. "Cross Laminated Timber; Options for Improving the Long Term Production Line of CLT in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9122.
Full textHallqvist, Stefan, and Cherif Berkal. "Branddimensionering av CLT-element i bärande väggkonstruktioner : en komparativ studie mellan gällande normer och senaste forskningen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230963.
Full textIn recent years, a growing environmental awareness have led to an increase in timber buildings and since the 1994 amendment that made it possible to build tall houses with timber structures the progress in the field have seen an substantial increase. To build an element of perpendicularly placed layers of solid-sawn lumber have proven to be an effective way to obtain a product with good strength-to-weight ratio that is ideal for use in tall timber buildings. These elements go under a lot of different names but are often referred to as cross-laminated timber and will be called CLT in this report. The use of this product have these past decades increased substantially both in Sweden and in Europe and the demand does not seem to stagnate nor decrease in the near future. The report is comprised of relevant theoretical sections that must be taken into account when designing a structures fire protection such as the development of a fire in fire compartment, how to define and determine a structures class of fire resistance and hence required fire protection time for said structure. The basis of design in regards to loads and compressive/flexural strength of the material is thoroughly explained in order to account for the whole fire protection design processes. The lack of information regarding compressive and flexural strength of the residual cross-section was challenging but with the help from Maija Tiainen from Sweco structures Helsinki office the report could be completed. The most important part of the report is the theory and calculation with regards to the charring depth which is calculated by two different methods. The first one is presented in the European standard Eurocode 5: part 1-2 and the other one, that is based on the latest scientific knowledge with regards to timber structures and fire, is found in the technical guide Brandsäkra trähus version 3. The aforementioned method will form the basis for the upcoming update of Eurocode 5. In order to be able to compare the two methods four wall types was chosen and designed based on the same conditions. Namely protected by two layers of gypsum plasterboards as fire protection and exposed to a 90 minutes one-sided standard fire. The result showed differences between the methods where a clear difference was the size of the residual cross-section due to the fact that the zero-strength layer, , was notably larger when calculating with the method presented in Brandsäkra trähus version 3. This does not necessarily affect the elements bearing capacity when calculating with the two different methods due to the elements perpendicularly placed layers where only every other layer is load bearing. Although the method presented in Brandsäkra trähus version 3 are more conservative with regards to bearing capacity and will lead to a smaller residual cross-section the authors of this report recommend the use of said method pending incorporation into the Eurocode. The motivation for this suggestion is that the method is designed to explicitly handle CLT and since safety is the most important aspect in this context it is vital to acknowledge the apparent increased affect from a fire on the material according to the latest scientific knowledge and design the cross-section accordingly.
Ferreira, Paulo Miguel Fernandes. "Comportamento térmico dinâmico dos elementos da envolvente opaca dos edifícios : com estudo de incorporação de materiais com mudança de fase." Master's thesis, FCT-UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7045.
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