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Journal articles on the topic 'CLT'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Vespa, Anna, Maria Velia Giulietti, Paolo Fabbietti, et al. "Structural Analysis of Social Behavior: Using Cluster Analysis to Examine Intrapsychic Personality Traits Associated With Depression in Women With Breast Cancer." Cancer Control 29 (January 2022): 107327482211033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221103327.

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Background This study aimed to investigate personality traits associated with depression in breast cancer women (BCW). Methods Sample: 236 BCW recently diagnosed (early stages). Tests: SASB-Structural-Analysis of Social-Behavior; IPAT-CDQ-Depression . Statistical analysis: cluster K-Means analysis to explore SASB personality-traits considering the 8 SASB clusters (Cl); CDQ scores dichotomized by 50th percentile cutoff (high/low); Pearson’s chi square test to compare CDQ levels and SASB traits. Results Cluster analysis results supported two distinguishable SASB personality traits (for all SASB

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Gorbach, Pavel, and Alena Bessonova. "CLT PANELS: TECHNOLOGY FEATURES." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 18 (2024): 247–50. https://doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2024-1-18-247-250.

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Fathima, Afrah N.R., and Dilip P. Priyanka. "Review on Cross Laminated Timber in Modular Construction." Journal of Building Construction 6, no. 3 (2024): 60–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14089206.

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<em>Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an innovative and sustainable building material that has gained significant traction in recent years, especially in modular construction. Modular construction is presented as a method that involves prefabricating building components or modules in a factory setting, which are then transported and assembled on-site. This approach reduces construction time, minimizes waste, and improves quality control, making it a compelling option for modern construction projects. This paper aims to provides a comprehensive review of CLT in modular construction. The paper beg

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Abdurrahman, Irfan Naufal, Heru Juhdi Gultom, and Erma Desmaliana. "Kajian Eksperimental Sifat Mekanik Panel Cross Laminated Timber Kayu Sengon dan Kayu Jabon (Hal. 78-87)." RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil 4, no. 4 (2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana.v4i4.78.

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ABSTRAKPanel Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) merupakan rekayasa kayu dengan penyusunan kayu dengan arah bersilangan 90 Material kayu yang digunakan yaitu kayu Sengon dan kayu Jabon. Pembuatan panel CLT menggunakan perekat Polyvinyl Acetate, Cross-linker, dan Lateks Karet Alam dengan perbandingan 1:1 untuk base dan 15% untuk katalisator. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui kinerja panel CLT kayu Sengon dan kayu Jabon terhadap beban tekan dan geser. Pembuatan panel CLT dilakukan dengan menggunakan kempa dingin dan dimensi panel CLT yang digunakan yaitu 950mm 950mm 120mm. Hasil pengujian ek

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Kamenev, I. V., V. V. Karpov, and L. N. Kondratieva. "Stability of CLT cylindrical panels." Вестник гражданских инженеров 19, no. 6 (2022): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2022-19-6-30-38.

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The article considers the stability of multilayer cylindrical panels. The shells under consideration are rectangular in plan, made of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and have a hinged and fixed support. As a mathematical model for studying SSS, the total potential energy of deformation functional is applied, taking into account transverse shifts (Timoshenko-Reisner model). The study of the stability of three constructions of different geometry has been carried out. Based on the obtained data of a computational experiment, an analysis was made of the influence of the number and orientation of shel

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Lakusic, Stjepan. "Design approach for cost-effective hybrid CLT floors." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 74, no. 04 (2022): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.3271.2021.

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There is a growing research and production interest for the application of lower-cost hybrid cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels composed of timber layers of dissimilar quality. Therefore, an approach for the design of cost-effective hybrid CLT panels in bending, based on the existing analytical and novel finite element procedures, is presented in the paper. The gamma-method, the extended gamma method, and the composite theory are applied in the analysis of square panels, while the finite element model based on the Reddy’s full layerwise theory is used for the complex-shape panels in bending.

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7

Song, Mansuk. "Effects of CLT Program on Isokinetic Muscular Function in High School Taekwondo Athletes." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 10 (2023): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.10.789.

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Objectives The main aim of this study was to examine effects of CLT program on isometric muscular function in high school Taekwondo athletes for providing an appropriate training program. Methods Total 35 subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to CLT training group(n = 17, CLT) and control group(n = 18, CON). The subjects in CLT completed CLT program(3 times per week) for 8 weeks and the subjects in CON had ordinary life during the period. All variables were analyzed by using two-way repeated measures ANOVA with alpha(0.05). Results In the results, Isokinetic knee extension(p<.05) an

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8

DAS, SUMANTA, MIROSLAV GAŠPARÍK GAŠPARÍK, ANIL KUMAR SETHY, et al. "SUITABILITY OF ASPEN (POPULUS TREMULA L.) FOR CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)." Wood Research 68, no. 3 (2023): 502–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.3.502520.

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) CLT is an excellent material for building and high load-bearing structural applications, but its fabrication and use are limited to softwood only. The suitability of aspen (Populus tremula L) wood for manufacturing CLT was assessed by using two adhesives, one-component polyurethane (1C-PUR) and melamine adhesive (ME). Physical properties like water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), delamination, and mechanical properties like bond shear strength, bending modulus of elasticity, bending strength, and rolling shear strength were evaluated to examine its suitab

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9

Ulyanov, Vladimir V. "From Classical to Modern Nonlinear Central Limit Theorems." Mathematics 12, no. 14 (2024): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12142276.

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In 1733, de Moivre, investigating the limit distribution of the binomial distribution, was the first to discover the existence of the normal distribution and the central limit theorem (CLT). In this review article, we briefly recall the history of classical CLT and martingale CLT, and introduce new directions of CLT, namely Peng’s nonlinear CLT and Chen–Epstein’s nonlinear CLT, as well as Chen–Epstein’s nonlinear normal distribution function.

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Robbins, Adriana, Ying Jia, and Eliezer Louzada*. "Gene Expression Analysis a Cold Responsive Gene from Poncirus trifoliata during Acclimation and Deacclimation." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 862C—862. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.862c.

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In Texas, the freezes of 1951 and 1962 together killed 125,000 acres of citrus trees and the freeze of 1983 killed 40,000 acres. The low temperature is one of the most important abiotic stresses to be understood and manipulated molecularly. Cold hardiness is found in the deciduous citrus relative, trifoliate orange, which can withstand temperatures as low as -26 °C when it is cold acclimated. Exposure of the cold hardy trifoliate orange plants to temperature from 28 °C to -5 °C enabled us to isolate and characterize one novel citrus low temperature gene (clt) with two transcripts, called clt-a

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Tian, Zhaopeng, Yingchun Gong, Junhua Xu, Mingyue Li, Zhaohui Wang, and Haiqing Ren. "Predicting the Average Compression Strength of CLT by Using the Average Density or Compressive Strength of Lamina." Forests 13, no. 4 (2022): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040591.

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The compressive strength in the major direction of cross-laminated timber CLT is the key to supporting the building load when CLT is used as load-bearing walls in high-rise wood structures. This study mainly aims to present a model for predicting the average compressive strength of CLT and promoting the utilization of CLT made out of planted larch. The densities and compressive strengths of lamina specimens and CLT samples with widths of 89 and 178 mm were evaluated, and their relationship was analyzed to build a prediction model by using Monte Carlo simulation. The results reveal that the ave

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MARKÓ, Gábor, László BEJÓ, and Péter TAKÁTS. "The applicability of I-214 hybrid poplar as Cross-Laminated Timber raw material." Wood Science = Faipar 63, no. 2 (2015): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14602/woodsci.2015.2.42.

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<p class="p1">A többrétegű keresztirányú ragasztott tömörfa szerkezeti panel (CLT) a könnyűszerkezetes építés viszonylag új alapanyaga, mely hazánkban még nem elterjedt. Elterjedését segítené, ha ezt az építőelemet hazai alapanyagokból is gyártani lehetne. Kutatásunk célja a CLT elemek hazai nemesnyár alapanyagból való gyárthatóságának vizsgálata volt. Ennek érdekében egy háromrétegű panel gyártására és hajlítóvizsgálatára került sor, olasz nyár alapanyagból, poliuretán ragasztóanyaggal. A vizsgálati eredmények azt mutatják, hogy az olasz nyár CLT szilárdsági tulajdonságai megfelelőek az

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13

Wang, Xinmeng, Yilin Que, Yunhui Hu, Guichao Jiang, and Zeli Que. "Effect of different thickness of the layers of cross-laminated timber made from Chinese fir on the mechanical performance." BioResources 13, no. 3 (2018): 7002–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.7002-7016.

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Under the premise of an unchanging total thickness in cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from Chinese fir, research into the effect of different CLT laminate thicknesses on the mechanical performance (bending and shear performance) was performed using the existing CLT static analysis theory to calculate and compare the bending performance of CLT specimens. The results showed that at constant total thickness the bending performance increased, the shear performance worsened, and the destruction mode of the CLT structure became simpler with an increase in the CLT laminate thickness. Increasing the

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Iwase, Tetsuya, Takanobu Sasaki, Shogo Araki, Tomohumi Huzita, and Chihiro Kayo. "Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Small-Scale Bridge Repair Using Cross-Laminated Timber Floor Slabs." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083424.

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has gained popularity worldwide in recent years, and its use in buildings and civil engineering structures has attracted attention in Japan. In this study, the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and costs associated with CLT floor slabs were evaluated with respect to small-scale bridge repair as the first instance of the use of CLT in civil engineering projects in Japan. Additionally, waterproofing treatment was applied to CLT slabs, and the potential GHG and cost reduction of CLT in comparison with reinforced concrete (RC) slabs were examined. GHG emissions w

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Wei, Peixing, Brad Jianhe Wang, Hao Li, Libin Wang, Yingchun Gong, and Suyong Huang. "Performance evaluation of a novel cross-laminated timber made from flattened bamboo and wood lumber." BioResources 16, no. 3 (2021): 5187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5187-5202.

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A novel flattened bamboo-wood composite cross-laminated timber (CCLT) made from flattened bamboo and hemlock lumber was developed, and its mechanical performance was investigated and quantified in this work. The results demonstrated that the CCLT columns and control hemlock CLT counterparts had nearly equal axial compression strength, but the CCLT yielded a higher compression modulus of elasticity (MOE). Additionally, the CCLT compression behaviors were not significantly affected by the height. Compared with hemlock CLT, the CCLT exhibited a slightly higher flatwise bending MOE and strength in

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Ilgın, Hüseyin Emre, Markku Karjalainen, and Pinja Mikkola. "Views of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Manufacturer Representatives around the World on CLT Practices and Its Future Outlook." Buildings 13, no. 12 (2023): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122912.

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Due to its recent emergence, there is a limited body of global market research available on CLT. Presently, the literature lacks comprehensive understanding regarding the present state, varied uses, and future outlook of CLT construction at a global level. The objective of this article is to address this knowledge gap by conducting semi-structured, in-depth interviews with CLT manufacturer representatives around the world, including Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Japan, Canada, and Uruguay. Critical findings emphasized that (1) the predominant mention was about the in

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Suyanto, Ika Rahmawati. "Perilaku Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Sebagai Material Utama Bangunan Tingkat Menengah Tahan Gempa di Indonesia." Rekayasa Sipil 14, no. 3 (2020): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2020.014.03.6.

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is made up of multilayered timber stacked perpendicularly, which improved the dimensional stability and allowing CLT to has high bearing capacity in its two direction. Despite all the advantages, CLT has not yet gain much attention in Indonesian, especially the utilization in mid-rise building construction. In order to have a better understanding about CLT as main structural element, the behaviour of mid-rise building made of CLT was assessed by running a 3D model of 5-story building by combining building code in Indonesia with CLT parameter from previous researche

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Aisyah, Siti, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Muhammad Iqbal Maulana, Rita Kartika Sari, and Wahyu Hidayat. "Influence of Puspa Wood and Coconut Trunk Combination on the Characteristics of Cross-Laminated Timber Bonded with Polyurethane Adhesive." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 11, no. 1 (2023): 136–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v11i1.647.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from puspa (Schima wallichii) wood, coconut (Cocos nucifera) trunk, and their combination using a polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The manufacturing of CLT begins with the characterization of the adhesive and wood materials used in this study. The CLT panels are made with dimensions of 100 cm × 30 cm × 3.6 cm. The laminate was organized into three layers with the face/core/back, namely puspa wood (PPP), coconut trunk (CCC), and their combination (PCP and CPC), perpendicular to each other using polyuret

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Triwibowo, Dimas, Prabu Satria Sejati, Mohamad Gopar, et al. "Karakteristik Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) dari Kayu Jati Platinum Hasil Penjarangan dan Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit (Characteristic of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) from Thinned Platinum Teak and Oil Palm Stem Waste)." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 8, no. 3 (2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl38340-350.

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The aim of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Cross laminated timber (CLT) made from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq) stem waste combined with thinned platinum teak (Tectona grandis ) wood. CLT was made into two types, namely CLT type A (teak-palm-teak) and CLT type B (teak-teak-teak). The CLT was 150 cm in length and 20 cm in width, with variation of the thickness of 3,0 cm, 4,5 cm, and 6,0 cm, and the glue spread of 300 g/m². The results showed that CLT type B has better physical and mechanical properties than CLT type A. Generally, CLT made of lamina wit

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Rittenhouse, A. R., C. Parker, C. Brugnara, K. G. Morgan, and S. L. Alper. "Inhibition of maxi-K currents in ferret portal vein smooth muscle cells by the antifungal clotrimazole." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 273, no. 1 (1997): C45—C56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.1.c45.

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The antifungal agent clotrimazole (CLT) is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Ca-activated K (KCa) currents of intermediate conductance in murine erythroleukemia cells. This study demonstrates that CLT also inhibits large-conductance KCa currents (maxi-K currents) in acutely dissociated vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells of ferret portal vein. The magnitude of block of a component of the whole cell K current by CLT was sensitive to test potential. CLT inhibited unitary maxi-K currents in outside-out patches, apparently by decreasing the mean open time. A metabolite of CLT lacking an imidazol

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Hafouta, Yeor, and Yuri Kifer. "Nonconventional polynomial CLT." Stochastics 89, no. 2 (2016): 550–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17442508.2016.1267181.

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Fausto, Francisco. "A CLT sexagenária." REVISTA DO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL DO TRABALHO DA 7ª REGIÃO 26, no. 26 (2023): 187–90. https://doi.org/10.69488/revistatrt7.v26i26.138.

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Relata historicamente os 60 anos da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Aponta que em 1943, com a perspectiva de grande largada na era industrial brasileira, foi editada a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Reflete que tínhamos conquistado a indústria do aço em trabalho de engenharia política internacional liderada por Getúlio Vargas e a classe empresarial se agitava com uma visão prospectiva de suas possibilidades diante desse fato. Finaliza dizendo que Agora, a CLT é sexagenária, ela abrange um amplo espaço na construção da cidadania brasileira com a tutela dos direitos trabalhistas. Seus ins

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Clegg, Judy, and Maggie Vance. "CLT Special Edition." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 24, no. 3 (2008): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659008098458.

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Liew, Kang Chiang, and Ezzia Stecy Maining. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Made from Batai using Different Glue Spread Amounts." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (2021): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012087.

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Abstract This study aimed to determine the mechanical and physical properties of the Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) glued with different amounts of glue. Cost of glue is the outmost importance where it will help in reducing the CLT manufacturing cost. Four different amounts of glue spread were used where the glue that used was phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF);150, 200, 250 and 300g/m2. The testing of the CLT was conducted by following BS EN 408:2010, BS EN 16351:2015, ASTM D 2718 method B, ASTM D 143-94 and Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) 1152:2007. The analysis of physical tests that h

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Talens, Simone, Joyce J. M. C. Malfliet, Goran Rudež, et al. "Biological variation in tPA-induced plasma clot lysis time." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 108, no. 10 (2012): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-02-0124.

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SummaryHypofibrinolysis is a risk factor for venous and arterial thrombosis, and can be assessed by using a turbidimetric tPA-induced clot lysis time (CLT) assay. Biological variation in clot lysis time may affect the interpretation and usefulness of CLT as a risk factor for thrombosis. Sufficient information about assay variation and biological variation in CLT is not yet available. Thus, this study aimed to determine the analytical, within-subject and between-subject variation in CLT. We collected blood samples from 40 healthy individuals throughout a period of one year (average 11.8 visits)

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Adhikari, Sailesh, Henry Quesada, and Brian Bond. "Design and Evaluation of a Shear Analogy Tool for Custom Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Made from Various Wood Species." Forest Products Journal 73, no. 4 (2023): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-23-00022.

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Abstract A user-friendly cross-laminated timber (CLT) design tool called SAM-CLT was developed to calculate the minimum design values for custom CLT panels. Custom panels are those made from different species not currently included in APA PRG 320 and include the use of multiple species in a panel. The tool uses the design value of hardwood and softwood lumber published in the national design specification book to design custom CLTs and the standard CLT grade lumber specification values published in PRG 320 standard. SAM-CLT was designed based on the shear analogy model and is intended to assis

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Ghulam Qasim Arif. "Communicative Language Teaching: A Good Initiative to Teach English Language in The Context of Quetta Balochistan." Al-Burz 10, no. 1 (2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v10i1.61.

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This research paper shows the evolution in language teaching approach and multiple perspectives of communicative language teaching (CLT). Researcher has tried to elaborate the different aspects of CLT. How CLT affects classroom environment. Through qualitative research method, researcher tried to explore the data about the different factors of CLT affecting the language learning process. Researcher tried to analyze different principals of CLT to understand all the perspectives relating language learning process.

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Penfield, Patrick, Rene’ Germain, William B. Smith, and Stephen V. Stehman. "ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER BY ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS WITHIN THE UNITED STATES." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (2022): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.127.

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ABSTRACT Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product for the construction industry offering multiple structural, environmental and supply chain benefits. CLT can be used for an entire building, as both the lateral and vertical load resisting system, or for select elements such as the roof, floors or walls. CLT products were developed in the early 1990’s and have been widely adopted throughout Europe, and more recently, in Canada. However, use of CLT products is still relatively rare in the US. We present the results of a nationwide phone survey in the US conducted with architect

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Penfield, Patrick, Rene’ Germain, William B. Smith, and Stephen V. Stehman. "ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER BY ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS WITHIN THE UNITED STATES." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (2022): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.1.127.

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ABSTRACT Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product for the construction industry offering multiple structural, environmental and supply chain benefits. CLT can be used for an entire building, as both the lateral and vertical load resisting system, or for select elements such as the roof, floors or walls. CLT products were developed in the early 1990’s and have been widely adopted throughout Europe, and more recently, in Canada. However, use of CLT products is still relatively rare in the US. We present the results of a nationwide phone survey in the US conducted with architect

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Kłosińska, Teresa. "American tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) as an innovative material in CLT technology." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 115 (September 26, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.3186.

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American tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) as an innovative material in CLT technology. CLT (cross laminated timber, X-Lam) is one type of engineered wood products. The first idea of CLT was presented in the seventies of the last century. It is manufactured with timber boards placed side by side commonly with 3, 5 and 7 layers glued at 90 degrees to adjacent layer. The CLT production technology was developed for softwood. The main species in CLT production is Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and less often White fir (Abies alba Mill.). Hardwood is also used more and more for production of C

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Tianli, Zhou, Nor Shahila Mansor, Lay Hoon Ang, and Sharon Sharmini. "Practicing Communicative Language Teaching Approach of English Grammar Teaching: Teachers’ Perspectives in China Colleges." International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies 10, no. 3 (2021): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.23.2021.103.247.259.

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The communicative language teaching (CLT) approach has been extensively used in English teaching in recent decades. Many scholars have investigated CLT and English teaching from various perspectives, but few have examined teachers’ attitudes towards the CLT approach and its usage in English grammar teaching. This study aimed to investigate the rationale, the teaching effects and suggestions of English teachers in using CLT in English grammar teaching in China colleges. A qualitative research method was adopted and data was collected through an open-response questionnaire from 13 English teache

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Kim, Keon-Ho. "Influence of layer arrangement on bonding and bending performances of cross-laminated timber using two different species." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 5328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5328-5341.

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a wood panel product that can be arranged in different ways. The advantage of utilizing CLT is the ability to use lamination even with low density materials or those that have defects, like knots. This study evaluated the bonding and bending performances of CLT utilizing domestic species in a shear wall or floor via a face bonding test of layers and a three-point bending test. The tests were carried out with three-layered CLT made up of Japanese larch and/or Korean red pine in various configurations. The layer arrangement for lamination was divided according to

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Rahman, Abd. "EMERGING FACTORS OF COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT) AND ITS APPLICATION IN INDONESIAN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (EFL) CLASSROOMS." Langkawi: Journal of The Association for Arabic and English 3, no. 2 (2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/lkw.v3i2.587.

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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been adopted in many countries and has influenced the foreign and second language learning and teaching. This article aims to explore the emerging factors of CLT and how CLT is practiced in Indonesian EFL classroom. This study finds that there are three main phases of the development of CLT. Started from the works of Hymes (1967, 1972), Canale and Swain (1980) and Bachman (1990). Moreover, recent theories in second language acquisition and globalization are two main factors which lead to the widespread of CLT. Finally, in the EFL context the applicatio

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Chen, Cindy, Francesca Pierobon, and Indroneil Ganguly. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Produced in Western Washington: The Role of Logistics and Wood Species Mix." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051278.

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The use of cross-laminated timber (CLT), as an environmentally sustainable building material, has generated significant interest among the wood products industry, architects and policy makers in Washington State. However, the environmental impacts of CLT panels can vary significantly depending on material logistics and wood species mix. This study developed a regionally specific cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of CLT produced in western Washington. Specifically, this study focused on transportation logistics, mill location, and relevant wood species mixes to provide a comparative analysis

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Salonvaara, Mikael, and André Desjarlais. "Impact of Insulation Strategies of Cross-Laminated Timber Assemblies on Energy Use, Peak Demand, and Carbon Emissions." Buildings 14, no. 4 (2024): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041089.

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Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels have many structural benefits but do not have much thermal resistance. We have developed a solution to insulate CLT structures that uses high-performance insulation panels that provide R-values up to R40/inch. The CLT panels are made of layers of wood laminates (three, five, seven or more). The solution replaces some of the wood laminates in the CLT production with the insulation panels in a staggered fashion so that the wood laminates maintain contact throughout the panel, ensuring the CLT panel’s structural integrity. The insulated CLT panels have factory-

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Ilgın, Hüseyin Emre, and Markku Karjalainen. "Insights from Finnish Experts on the Construction Practices and Future Prospects of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)." Forests 15, no. 1 (2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010031.

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Given that CLT is a relatively recent innovation, there is a notable scarcity of market research in Finland. Presently, there is a limited body of literature that provides a thorough comprehension of the present state, varied applications, and anticipated future developments concerning the use of CLT within the Finnish construction sector. The limited availability of research data underscores the need for more extensive studies to fill this knowledge gap and provide a more nuanced insight into the evolving landscape of CLT adoption within the Finnish construction industry. This article aims to

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Abedin, Md Minhajul. "The present mode of teaching in the ELT classes at the Higher Secondary level in Bangladesh: Is it the practice of CLT or disguised GTM?" Stamford Journal of English 7 (April 6, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v7i0.14459.

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This study focuses on the current application of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach at the higher secondary level in Bangladesh. Several attempts have been taken to prove the justification of the inclusion of the CLT approach in the curriculum in our country. Though the CLT approach was not imposed suddenly on our curriculum, the implementation of CLT in the present context in Bangladesh is still questionable. In this study, concentration has been given to the disguised impact of the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) on the practice of the CLT approach in Bangladesh. It has also

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Lin, Jui-Yen, Chieh-Ting Yang, and Yaw-Shyan Tsay. "A Study on the Sound Insulation Performance of Cross-laminated Timber." Materials 14, no. 15 (2021): 4144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154144.

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Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) has become an emerging board material of wood construction that is strong enough to sustain a high-rise building. However, many wooden congregate housing units overseas that utilize CLT have poor sound environments because the low mass of such wood influences sound insulation performance. In this research, we explored the effect of different CLT walls on sound insulation performance and integrated applicable sound insulation simulation tools to simplify the process of designing a CLT wall structure. This research aimed at a double wall and CLT combined with a gypsu

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Adhikari, Ram K., Neelam C. Poudyal, Consuelo Brandeis, and Prakash Nepal. "Identifying Optimal Locations for Hardwood CLT Plants in Tennessee: Application of a Spatially Explicit Framework." Forest Products Journal 73, no. 3 (2023): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-23-00010.

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Abstract The prospect of using mass timber products, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), for building material has increased in recent years because of the advantage of these products over their substitutes in terms of structural rigidity, cost efficiency, and climate benefits. However, the American National Standard developed for CLT currently applies to softwood only. With the expected increase in the market for CLT, the supply chain needs to address the projected rise in demand for hardwood as well. Promoting the production of hardwood mass timber like CLT requires studying the feasibilit

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Momin, M., K. Butte, and A. D’Souza. "SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF NIGELLA OIL AND CLOTRIMAZOLE AS ETHOSOMAL GEL FOR IMPROVED TREATMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS." INDIAN DRUGS 56, no. 04 (2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.56.04.11716.

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The aim of this research work was to develop an ethosomal gel containing nigella oil encapsulated with clotrimazole (CLT) for improved antifungal activity. The ethosomes were prepared using soya lecithin (SpC) and Nigella oil (NO) as lipids by thin film hydration and they exhibited a particle size of 136±69 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 65.44±1.08 %. CLT ethosomal gel exhibited controlled release of CLT with a steady flux of 7.20mcg/cm2/h across cellophane membrane. The ethosomal gel was stable for 180 days with no significant change in physiochemical parameters. In vitro antifungal acti

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Dong, Yu, Xue Cui, Xunzhi Yin, Yang Chen, and Haibo Guo. "Assessment of Energy Saving Potential by Replacing Conventional Materials by Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)—A Case Study of Office Buildings in China." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050858.

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This research evaluates the operational heating and cooling energy consumption of cross-laminated timber (CLT) office buildings in China. The evaluations involve a comparison of the energy consumption of a reference RC structure and CLT system office buildings. Computational simulation results are based on IES-VE 2019 and show that the estimated heating energy saving ratio of CLT buildings in Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, and Kunming to the reference structure are 11.97%, 22.11%, 30.94%, and 23.30% respectively. However, the CLT buildings consume more energy for cooling in the summer. The results

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Jansem, Anchalee. "Teaching Practices and Knowledge Base of English as a Foreign Language Teachers’ Communicative Language Teaching Implementation." International Education Studies 12, no. 7 (2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n7p58.

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This small scale study aimed at identifying (1) the characteristics of teaching practices in CLT classrooms, (2) teachers’ opinions underlying such practices, (3) their positions while adopting CLT, and (4) a knowledge base used as a framework of CLT implementation. Eight Thai teachers who regarded themselves as CLT proponents voluntarily took part in this study. Data collected via classroom observations and post-teaching semi-structured interviews indicated that CLT involved four common features including promoting ‘small talk’ in the target language, beginning the lesson with the combination

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Shan, Bowen, Jian Liu, Yaqiu Liu, Huanhuan Wang, and Ailing Wang. "How Is Construction Land Transition Related to Rural Transformation? Evidence from a Plain County in China Based on the Grey Correlation Model." Land 11, no. 5 (2022): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050641.

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Under the background of urban-rural integration, the frequent flow of urban and rural elements has promoted the close connection between rural transformation (RT) and construction land transition (CLT). How is CLT related to RT? By taking the plain area Linqing County in China as the study area, basing the study on the RT and CLT coupling framework of relevance theory, building an RT and CLT evaluation index system, using the multi-factor evaluation method for the evaluation of RT and CLT from 2010 to 2018, and using the grey correlation model to measure the RT and CLT coupling relationship, t

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Shan, Bowen, Jian Liu, Yaqiu Liu, Huanhuan Wang, and Ailing Wang. "How Is Construction Land Transition Related to Rural Transformation? Evidence from a Plain County in China Based on the Grey Correlation Model." Land 11, no. 5 (2022): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050641.

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Under the background of urban-rural integration, the frequent flow of urban and rural elements has promoted the close connection between rural transformation (RT) and construction land transition (CLT). How is CLT related to RT? By taking the plain area Linqing County in China as the study area, basing the study on the RT and CLT coupling framework of relevance theory, building an RT and CLT evaluation index system, using the multi-factor evaluation method for the evaluation of RT and CLT from 2010 to 2018, and using the grey correlation model to measure the RT and CLT coupling relationship, t

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Krzentowska, Anna, Aleksander Konturek, Filip Gołkowski, Anna Merklinger-Gruchała, and Marcin Barczyński. "Risk Stratification for Thyroid Malignancies in Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis." Cancers 17, no. 12 (2025): 1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17121964.

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Background: Our study investigated the association between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and thyroid cancer (TC). Methods: A retrospective review of 1670 patients who underwent thyroid surgery between October 2022 to February 2025 was performed. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients with TC and CLT were collected. CLT was diagnosed histopathologically. Results: Patients with a positive CLT result (60.39%) compared to a negative CLT result (34.12%) had more frequently TC (p < 0.001), predominantly PTC. In univariate analysis, patients with malignancy + CLT-positive comp

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Hu, Wenliang, Wei Hou, Zhao Zhu, and Xuhui Huang. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Calculation Model for Static Behavior Simulation of Cross-Laminated Timber Plates under Thermal Environment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1538928.

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is well known as an interesting technical and economical product for modern wood structures. The use of CLT for modern construction industry has become increasingly popular in particular for residential timber buildings. Analyzing the CLT behavior in high thermal environment has attracted scholars’ attention. Thermal environment greatly influences the CLT properties and load bearing capacity of CLT, and the investigation can form the basis for predicting the structural response of such CLT-based structures. In the present work, the finite element method (FEM) is em

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Pang, Sung-Jun, Kug-Bo Shim, and Keon-Ho Kim. "Effects of knot area ratio on the bending properties of cross-laminated timber made from Korean pine." Wood Science and Technology 55, no. 2 (2021): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-020-01255-5.

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AbstractThe effect of knot clusters on the bending properties of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) cross-laminated timber (CLT) was analyzed to increase the utilization of low-quality lumber. The laminae used to manufacture the CLT were classified into five groups, four major layer groups, and one minor layer group, by mechanical grade and knot area ratio (KAR) of the lamina. Out-of-plane bending tests were conducted on CLT made from each layer group. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the manufactured CLT was closely correlated with the MOE of each individual major axis lamina. In the case of th

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Martínez-Martínez, Juan Enrique, Mar Alonso-Martínez, Felipe Pedro Álvarez Rabanal, and Juan José del Coz Díaz. "Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminated Timber (CLT)." Proceedings 2, no. 23 (2018): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2231454.

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In the research for sustainable construction, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has gained popularity and become a widely used engineered timber product. However, there are few numerical studies of the structural behaviour of CLT. Among other issues, the orthotropic properties of CLT complicate finite element analysis (FEA). This paper presents a finite element model (FEM) to predict the structural behaviour of CLT beams subjected to sustained flexural loading. This numerical model includes a material model based on the orthotropic material properties of different timber species. Furthermore, the o

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Buck, Dietrich, and Olle Hagman. "Multivariate Image Analysis Applied to Cross-Laminated Timber: Combined Hyperspectral Near-Infrared and X-ray Computed Tomography." Journal of Spectroscopy 2023 (April 22, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3954368.

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Engineered wood products, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), are becoming more popular in the designs of modern sustainable buildings. This increased production of CLT requires more robust, yet less labour-intensive means to assess the material characteristics of whole CLT panels. In exploring ways of improving efficiency, this study explores multivariate image analysis (MIA) via partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) machine learning as a means to classify CLT material features. CLT panels underwent nondestructive testing using near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging and X-

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Liang, Yingwei, Assaad Taoum, Nathan Kotlarewski, Andrew Chan, and Damien Holloway. "Behavior of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels Made from Fibre-Managed Eucalyptus nitens under Short-Term Serviceability Loads." Buildings 13, no. 1 (2023): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010245.

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In this study, the preliminary serviceability performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels constructed from fibre-managed Eucalyptus nitens (E. nitens) was investigated via bending and vibration tests. Linear four-point bending tests were performed to determine the stiffness and deflection of all CLT panels under serviceability loads. The dynamic response of CLT panels was tested using a basketball and an accelerometer. The fundamental natural frequencies of all tested panels were above the minimum frequency limit (8 Hz) when extrapolated to spans of up to 4.4 m. The configurations of E.

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