Relevant bibliographies by topics / CLST

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CLST'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 27 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CLST"

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Gu, Yong Jun, Jin Liang Huang, Li Hua Li, Qian Li, Wei Hu, and Xiao Wang. "Microwave Dielectric Properties of Low Temperature Fired CaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2 Ceramics with LBS Glass Addition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.887.

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The sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of the 16CaO-9Li2O-12Sm2O3-63TiO2 (abbreviated CLST) ceramics doped by small amount of LBS (Li2O-B2O3-SiO2) glass were investigated in this paper. The adding of LBS glass improved the densification of the CLST ceramics and the sintering temperature of the CLST ceramics had been efficiently lowered to 1000°C. Especially, the 10wt.% LBS doped CLST sintered at 1000°C for 3h has optimum microwave dielectric properties of Kr=69, Q×f=2846GHz, and TCF=9.7ppm/°C, indicating that it could be a suitable candidate for LTCC applications.
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Yang, Liu Shuan, Xiao Wang, Jin Liang Huang, and Fei Long Li. "Effects of ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2 Glass Additive on Dielectric Properties of CaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2 Microwave Dielectric Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1580.

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The effects of ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2(ZBBS) glass addition on the sintering behavior, crystalline phase, microstructure and dielectric properties of 16CaO-9Li2O-12Sm2O3-63TiO2(CLST) ceramics were investigated. The results show that ZBBS glass can effectively decrease the sintering temperature of CLST ceramics to 1 000 °C by liquid phase sintering. With the increase of ZBBS content, the second phase，Sm2Ti2O7 is found and increase, which causes the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CLST decrease. The temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency shifts to positive. The optimum dielectric properties of r = 71, Tan = 0.006, TCF= 5×10-6/°C were obtained in 10wt% LBS glass-doped CLST ceramics sintered at 1 000 °C for 3 h.
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Rose, Colin, Dan Bergsagel, Thibault Dufresne, Evi Unubreme, Tianyao Lyu, Philippe Duffour, and Julia Stegemann. "Cross-Laminated Secondary Timber: Experimental Testing and Modelling the Effect of Defects and Reduced Feedstock Properties." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 4118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114118.

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The construction industry creates significant volumes of waste timber, much of which has residual quality and value that dissipates in conventional waste management. This research explored the novel concept of reusing secondary timber as feedstock for cross-laminated timber (CLT). If cross-laminated secondary timber (CLST) can replace conventional CLT, structural steel and reinforced concrete in some applications, this constitutes upcycling to displace materials of greater environmental impacts. The fabrication process and mechanical properties of CLST were tested in small-scale laboratory experiments, which showed no significant difference between the compression stiffness and strength of CLST and a control. Finite element modelling suggested that typical minor defects in secondary timber have only a small effect on CLST panel stiffness in compression and bending. Mechanically Jointed Beams Theory calculations to examine the potential impacts of secondary timber ageing on CLST panels found that this has little effect on compression stiffness if only the crosswise lamellae are replaced. Since use of secondary timber to make CLST has a more significant effect on bending stiffness, effective combinations of primary and secondary timber and their appropriate structural applications are proposed. The article concludes with open research questions to advance this concept towards commercial application.
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Yang, Liu Shuan, Xiao Wang, Yu Bin Wang, Jin Liang Huang, and Fei Long Li. "Effect of Compound Additives of Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 Glass and LiF on the Properties of CaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2 Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1349.

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Using Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 (LBS) glass and LiF as a liquid phase sintering additive, the effects of it on the microstructure and properties of 16CaO-9Li2O-12Sm2O3-63TiO2（CLST）ceramics were investigated. The results indicated that the compound sintering aids of LBS glass and LiF reduced the sintering temperature of CLST from 1300 °C to 950°C. Compared with the sample doped single LBS glass, the optimum dielectric properties, Kr=81, Tanδ=0.0073 could be obtained when the CLST ceramic samples doped 3 wt% LBS glass and 0.25 wt% LiF were sintered at 950°C for 3 h.
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Ferreira, Bruno Naves, Emmanuel Dias de Sousa Lopes, Isadora Ferreira Henriques, Marina De Melo Reis, Amanda Morais de Pádua, Karina De Figueiredo, Fernanda Aparecida Lopes Magno, and Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho. "Treinamento físico multimodal com dupla tarefa na doença de Alzheimer: efeito nas funções cognitivas e na força muscular." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 19, no. 5 (December 8, 2017): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n5p575.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dual task multimodal physical training (MPT) on the cognitive functions and muscle strength in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Participants were 19 subjects with AD in the mild and moderate stages, divided into training group (TG) and control group (CG). The TG performed dual task MPT for 12 weeks. Subjects were evaluated at the pre- and post-intervention moments. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) were used to assess cognition. For muscle strength, the Chair Lift and Sit Test (CLST) and Manual Grasp Force (MGF) were used. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze pre and post intragroup moments. The TG showed a significant improvement in FAB and CLST (p≤0.05) and a tendency to improve the MMSE score (p≤0.08). The CG showed significant improvement in CLST (p≤0.05). Dual task MPT improves the frontal cognitive functions and lower limb muscle strength of older adults with AD.
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GU, YONGJUN, JINLIANG HUANG, DAOMING SUN, QIAN LI, XIAO WANG, and HUI XU. "EFFECTS OF V2O5 ADDITION ON MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF 16CaO-9Li2O-12Sm2O3-63TiO2 CERAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2009): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209060403.

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Effects of V 2 O 5 addition on the microwave dielectric properties of 16 CaO -9 Li 2 O -12 Sm 2 O 3-63 TiO 2 (abbreviated CLST) ceramics prepared by conventional mixed oxides method were investigated as a function of V 2 O 5 content and sintering temperature. All the specimens were sintered between 1100°C and 1250°C. The sintering temperature of the CLST ceramics was lowered by 100°C with V 2 O 5 addition. With the changing content of V 2 O 5, the dielectric constants lie between 88.6 and 108.2, while the Q × f values are between 3275 and 6573 GHz. Especially, the specimens doped by 0.75 wt% V 2 O 5 sintered at 1200°C and 1250°C for 3 h show good microwave dielectric properties with Kr =100.4-108.2, Q × f >4500 GHz , and TCF=7-8 ppm/°C. Obviously, V 2 O 5 could be used as a suitable sintering aid that could improve densification and microwave dielectric properties of the CLST ceramics.
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Zheng, Liu, Jing Zhou, Jie Shen, Yanyuan Qi, Sheng Li, and Shirley Shen. "TEOS surface modification of CLST ceramic particles for PTFE-based composites." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 29, no. 20 (August 3, 2018): 17195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9811-8.

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Zheng, Liu, Jing Zhou, Jie Shen, Wen Chen, Yanyuan Qi, Shirley Shen, and Sheng Li. "The dielectric properties and dielectric mechanism of perovskite ceramic CLST/PTFE composites." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 28, no. 16 (May 2, 2017): 11665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6969-4.

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Zawisławska, Magdalena Anna. "SYNAMET - A Microcorpus of Synesthetic Metaphors. Preliminary Premises of the Description of Metaphor in Discourse." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 16 (December 31, 2016): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2016.010.

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SYNAMET - A Microcorpus of Synesthetic Metaphors. Preliminary Premises of the Description of Metaphor in DiscourseThis article describes the preliminary premises of metaphor annotation in SYNAMET - the developing microcorpus of synesthetic metaphors. The analysis is based on the CLST theory (Context-Limited Simulation Theory) put forward by D. Ritchie. According to this theory, the metaphor’s vehicle may activate various types of associations between words: semantic relations, perceptual sensations, or emotional simulations. The range of potential associations evoked by the vehicle is limited by the topic, i.e. the lexical context in which the metaphor appears. The relations between the vehicle and the topic may be presented in the form of a semantic frame.To reconstruct the frames within the project, linguistic works devoted to sensory perception- vision, hearing, smell and taste- will be utilized. The corpus annotation will consist of the following stages: 1) metaphor identification, 2) indication of the metaphor cluster (CM) - a phrase or a passage of the text, centered around one referent, 3) isolation of the metaphorical units (MU) - word forms or phrases combining lexemes primarily belonging to different perceptual frames.The outcome of the MU analysis will include: a general metaphorical scheme of the MU, lexical items activating the frame of the MU (together with their grammatical description), a detailed metaphor scheme of the MU, and the semantic and grammatical categorization of the MU. SYNAMET – mikrokorpus metafor synestezyjnych. Wstępne założenia opisu metafory w dyskursieArtykuł opisuje wstępne założenia anotacji metafor w powstającym mikrokorpusie metafor synestezyjnych SYNAMET. Podstawą metody opisu będzie teoria CLST (Context-Limited Simulation Theory) D. Ritchie’go. W myśl tej teorii nośnik metafory (vehicle) może aktywować różne typy powiązania między wyrazami: semantyczne, zmysłowe lub emocjonalne. Potencjalny zakres powiązań nośnika ogranicza topik (topic), czyli kontekst, w którym metafora się pojawia. Powiązania nośnika oraz topiku przedstawia się w postaci ram interpretacyjnych.W rekonstrukcji ram na potrzeby korpusu wykorzystane zostaną prace językoznawcze poświęcone percepcji zmysłowej: wzrokowi, słuchowi, zapachowi, smakowi. Anotacja korpusu będzie przebiegać według następującego schematu: 1) identyfikacja metafor, 2) wyodrębnienie w tekście układu metaforycznego (UM) – frazy lub fragmentu tekstu, zorganizowanego wokół jednego referenta, 3) wyodrębnienie jednostek metaforycznych (JM) – form wyrazowych lub fraz, w których występuje połączenie leksemów przynależnych prymarnie do różnych ram percepcyjnych.Wyniki analizy JM zostaną przestawione w postaci: ogólnego schematu metaforycznego, zestawu wyrazów aktywujących ramy (wraz z ich opisem gramatycznym), szczegółowego schematu metaforycznego, kategoryzacji semantycznej i gramatycznej metafor.
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Zheng, Liu, Jing Zhou, Jie Shen, Yanyuan Qi, and Wen Chen. "Effects on the thermal expansion coefficient and dielectric properties of CLST/PTFE filled with modified glass fiber as microwave material." Chinese Chemical Letters 30, no. 5 (May 2019): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2018.12.026.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CLST"

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Rara, Angela Dominique Sarmiento. "Rolling Shear Strength and Modulus for Various Southeastern US Wood Species using the Two-Plate Shear Test." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104017.

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Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product made by laminating dimensional or structural composite lumber in alternating orthogonal layers. Compared to Canada and Europe, CLT is a novel product to the US. With the additions included in the 2021 International Building Code (IBC), CLT material properties, especially rolling shear, would need to be explored. The increasing demand for softwood lumber, along with the increase of demand of CLT panel production, could place a burden and surpass the domestic softwood supply. Rolling shear is a phenomenon that occurs when the wood fibers in the cross-layers roll over each other because of the shearing forces acting upon a CLT panel when it is loaded out-of-plane. This study used the two-plate shear test from ASTM D2718 to measure the rolling shear properties of various southeastern US wood species: southern pine, yellow-poplar, and soft maple. A secondary study was conducted, using the same two-plate shear test, to measure the rolling shear properties of re-manufactured southern pine for CLT cross-layer application. The soft maple had the greatest average rolling shear strength at 5.93 N/mm2 and southern pine had the lowest average rolling shear strength at 2.51 N/mm2. Using a single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), the rolling shear strength values from soft maple were significantly greater than yellow-poplar, which was significantly greater than the southern pine. For the rolling shear modulus, the southern pine and soft maple were of equal statistically significant difference, and both were greater statistically significant different compared to the yellow-poplar. The most common failure found from testing was rolling shear.
Master of Science
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood panel product, similar to plywood, constructed with solid-sawn or structural composite lumber in alternating perpendicular layers. The additions included in the incoming 2021 International Building Code (IBC) has placed an importance in expanding the research related to the mechanical and material properties of CLT. Also, with the increasing demand for softwood lumber and CLT panel production, the demand for the domestic softwood lumber could place a burden and surpass the domestic softwood supply. Rolling shear is a failure type that occurs when the wood fibers in the cross-layers roll over each other because of the shearing forces acting upon a CLT panel. This study used the two-plate shear test to measure the rolling shear properties of various southeastern US wood species: southern pine, yellow-poplar, and soft maple. A secondary study was conducted, using the same two-plate shear test, to measure the rolling shear properties of re-manufactured southern pine for CLT cross-layer application. The soft maple had the greatest average rolling shear strength at 5.93 N/mm2 and southern pine had the lowest average rolling shear strength at 2.51 N/mm2. Using a single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), the rolling shear strength values from soft maple were significantly greater than yellow-poplar, which was significantly greater than the southern pine. For the rolling shear modulus, the southern pine and soft maple were of equal statistically significant difference, and both were greater statistically significant different compared to the yellow-poplar. The most common failure found from testing was rolling shear.
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Jones, J. R. "CLAT crystals." Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637453.

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We report here the results of investigations into three related but distinct aspects of studies on montmorillonites. The first examines the alumina pillaring of montmorillonite by the introduction of the so-called 'Keggin ion' via cation exchange. The level of pillar precursor ion introduced is controlled by inducing layer charge reduction by controlled calcination. Previously, neither the effective charge on the Keggin ion nor the pillar densities achieved were known with any certainty since the analyses of Al and Si present substantial difficulty. We have introduced a new technique to calculate the number of pillars introduced which we call 'isomorphous metal dilution'. This is based on analysis of Fe3+ and Mg2+, which is achieved with accuracy. The results are self consistent and establish that the Keggin ion charge here is 3+ , not 7+ as assumed previously. The next section explores the possibility of incorporating more Li+ into the layers of Texas montmorillonite during the process of lithiation. It involved successive calcination of Li+ exchanged clay, base regeneration of cation exchange capacities, further Li+ exchange and calcination, etc. This was successfully carried out five times, and enhanced the level of lithiation. However, it was established that this reaches a limit. Suggestions are offered to account for this. These clays also showed high solvent stability as compared to the parent material, a distinct commercial benefit. Finally, the catalytic alkylation of thiophene, has been investigated. C3 to C6 alk-1-enes and alkan-1-ols were employed as alkylating reagents. The broad range of reaction products have been characterised by GC/MS and by a comprehensive gas chromatographic study based on structural dependences of retention volume. Alkanols were shown to represent inefficient reagents. Alkenes on the other hand gave results establishing that, by suitable adjustment of temperature and relative reactant concentrations, highly competitive product yields and selectivity compared to conventional catalysts may be produced.
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Jaishankar, Gayatri, Thomas M. Yohannan, and Roger Smalligan. "Draining Ears, Dizzying Clot." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8876.

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Asquith, Nathan Lee. "Extended D-E knob-hole interaction sites in fibrin polymerisation, clot formation and clot mechanics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2019. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22624/.

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Background: Abnormal thrombus formation and occlusion of a vessel is one of the main events of cardiovascular disease. A main component of the thrombus is the protein fibrin, which is formed by proteolytic cleavage of its precursor fibrinogen by the serine protease thrombin. The cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin releases fibrinopeptides from the E-region of the molecule which leads to the exposure of peptide sequences termed knobs A and B. The knobs A and B on one fibrin molecule are able to spontaneously interact to binding pockets (termed holes a and holes b) via hydrogen bonds forming half staggered protofibrils. These protofibrils laterally aggregate and form fibrin fibers, providing the clot its strength and stability. Recent molecular dynamic simulations have predicted that there are additional interactions involving amino acids gGlu323 with BLys58, gLys356 with BAsp61, and gAsp297 with BHis67, that surround the binding pocket and provide additional strength and stability to the 'classical' knob-hole contact. In this project I have termed these residues 'extended D-E knob-hole binding sites.' Aim: The aim of this project was to probe the importance of these extended knob-hole interactions in the process of fibrin polymerisation, clot structure and clot mechanics, using recombinant fibrinogen variants with mutations that abolish these electrostatic interactions. Methods: Four recombinant human fibrinogen variants and WT proteins were produced. The following variants with single point mutations in the g-chain of extended knob-hole binding region were produced: gD297N, gE323Q and gK356Q. A triple variant, gDEK (gD297N/gE323Q/gK356Q) with mutations in all residues involved was also produced. Each variant was tested for integrity by circular dichroism and SDS-PAGE. Turbidity and atomic force microscopy were used to study polymerisation kinetics, laser scanning confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study clot structure. Light scattering methods were used to study intrafibrillar protein structure, and clot mechanics was studied using an in-house micro-rheometer. Results: Longitudinal protofibril growth was disrupted for all variants except gK356Q at early stages of polymerisation, but normalised at later time points. Vmax was reduced for all variants. gDEK and gE323Q produced denser clots, whereas gD297N and gK356Q were similar to WT. All variant clots had significantly thinner fibers compared to WT. All variants were slower to lyse, with the exception of gD297N. Clot visco-elastic analysis showed that γDEK was more readily deformable (loss tangent, tanδ), at low frequencies but single mutant variants were unchanged at all frequencies compared to WT. Conclusion: I produced pure and intact recombinant human fibrinogens with mutations at the extended knob-hole binding sites. These data provide clear evidence for the role of extended D-E interactions in supporting the classical knob-hole binding during fibrin formation. Furthermore, the extended D-E interactions were shown to alter clot structure and clot mechanics. Additional studies with these variants in the presence of cells and other vascular components may further elucidate the importance of extended knob-hole interactions in haemostasis and thrombosis.
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Richardson, Victoria Rebecca. "Identification and characterisation of novel plasma clot components." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4153/.

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Plasma clot structure/function is a major determinant in cardiovascular disease risk and severity. Plasma proteins are incorporated into plasma clots via binding and factor XIII-dependent cross-linking, with complement C3 and factor H previously identified as plasma clot components using proteomics. The aim of this current project was to validate the role of C3 and factor H in fibrin structure and function and to establish a proteomics method for the identification of novel factor XIII substrates. C3 did not affect fibrin structure; however C3 induced a concentration-dependent prolongation of fibrinolysis. C3 was cross-linked to fibrin within purified and plasma clots and bound to plasma clot components. C3 was a substrate for plasmin, with cleavage occurring in the presence and absence of fibrin. C3 also influenced angiostatin production and t-PA and plasminogen interactions within fibrin clots to prevent plasminogen cleavage and plasmin generation. All of these interactions were found to influence fibrinolysis. Whereas factor H was confirmed to be a plasma clot component, was associated with inflammation and fibrin structure and function but was not associated with complement activation in individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. Further in vitro analyses found that factor H did not affect fibrin structure or fibrinolysis. Factor H was not cross-linked to fibrin in purified and plasma clots, but did form homodimers in the presence and absence of fibrin and factor H was a substrate for thrombin and plasmin, with cleavage occurring within fibrin clots. The proteomic techniques were established for the identification of factor XIII substrates however no novel proteins were identified using these methods, suggesting the sensitivity of the technique may be insufficient to detect novel proteins. This study has added to the growing body of evidence which suggests complement and coagulation pathways interact for the purposes of preventing blood loss and pathogen invasion.
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Pan, Xiaoxi. "Fibrin clot structure alterations after particulate matter exposure." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14310/.

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Particulate matter (PM) as an important part of ambient air pollution has been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrin clot structure alteration is an emerging risk factor of many cardiovascular diseases, especially thrombosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether and how air particulate matter affects fibrin clot structure and endothelial cell behaviour. Turbidity assay, turbidity lysis assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to analyse clots formed from normal pooled plasma or purified fibrinogen, in the presence of varying concentrations of PM. It was found that clots formed from plasma with higher concentrations of particles led to prolonged lysis time compared to control. No differences were seen for clots formed from fibrinogen. In a study of clots formed from plasma samples collected as part of a previous study on the effects of air pollution on deep vein thrombosis (DVT), alterations were observed in clots formed from plasma of DVT patients exposed to high levels of PM compared to those exposed to low levels, but the same differences were not observed in clots formed from plasma of control subjects. To investigate the potential role of venous endothelial cells in moderating clot structure following exposure to PM, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with PM for 24 hours and clots subsequently formed on the cells. Clots formed from plasma on the treated cells were altered compared to controls. RT-PCR and ELISA results showed increased gene expression of tissue factor (TF), protein expression of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) and plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and decreased thrombomodulin mRNA expression which were consistent with changes observed in clot structure. Engineered SiO2 nanoparticles caused denser clot structure in clots formed from normal pooled plasma. The gene expression of thrombomodulin was inhibited by SiO2 nanoparticles, but there were no significant difference in the TF mRNA expression between control and treated cells. Silica NPs caused increased concentrations of VWF, but not PAI-1 produced by endothelial cells. The results presented here show that PM can induce changes to clot structure and function, and that changes in gene expression induced in endothelial cells may be a mechanism by which a prothrombotic state is induced in response to PM exposure. Furthermore, some, but not all, similar changes were observed in clots and cells exposed to SiO2 nanoparticles, raising the possibility that such engineered nanoparticles may also have the potential to contribute to cardiovascular toxicity.
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Rousselot, Marie. "A combined field and laboratory study of clast ploughing /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16471.

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Courval, Isabelle de. "L'utilisation de l'informatique dans la pratique professionnelle en CLSC." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60710.pdf.

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Lindgren, Malin. "Molecular and functional characterization of the insect hemolymph clot." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7310.

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Livas, Charalampos. "Building extension through additional CLT storeys." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82227.

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In the last decade, the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels as load bearing elements have become a usual solution for buildings and structures with an upward trend internationally. This is because CLT has brilliant physical and mechanical properties and it is also an eco-friendly and renewable material. In addition, the prefabricated nature of the CLT panels in a controlled environment increases the overall building speed, reduces dramatically the erection time, and makes it an even more competitive structural material compared to more traditional ones like concrete and steel. Up until now, timber as a building material has mainly been used for roofs and pergolas in Greece. Concrete and steel have traditionally been the dominant building materials over the years. Timber is not such competitive mainly because there is not enough knowledge of abouttimber buildings. The fact that Greece is not a sawn timber producer affects this trend. Nowadays, the simple and cheap import of sawn timber, as well as the sensitiveness about the environment, are strong factors for introducing timber buildings to Greece. There is already a great demand for timber buildings, and an increase in the requests is expected.CLT panels are used in a wide spectrum of structural applications. They are used as structural components for houses, offices, multi-story buildings, schools, industrial halls, sports halls, and special structures [4]. Another innovative application of CLT is the renovation through vertical expansion with additional floors to existing buildings. This new and promising trend is becoming more and more frequent, especially in developing cities where there is a need for new houses in limited space. The low density of CLT and so the low overall weight of the additional structure, makes the CLT components a robust building solution for vertical renovation since there is usually no need for reinforcement of the foundations of the current building [15]. The aim of this study is to provide the author with the opportunity to deepen his knowledge regarding the special characteristics of CLT as a building material as well as to understand its mechanical properties and the theories which describe them. In addition, this study constitutes the first attempt at modeling and designing a timber structure made with CLT panels. Therefore, the knowledge gained about the special features in CLT modeling is a fundamental task. Finally, since the design of the CLT structure is based on the European design rules for buildings, the engagement with the appropriate Eurocodes, i.e. Eurocode 0, 1 & 5, is another critical task in this study. The structure under consideration is a two-story CLT structure which is a vertical expansion of a current composite (concrete-steel) building. The first additional floor will be used as an office area and the second one as a typical family house. Both additional floors are made of CLT elements and, where is necessary, glulam beams and columns are considered as reinforcement of the CLT panels and as supports, respectively. The design method includes finite element analysis (FEA) which is performed by the commercial structural softwareDLUBAL – RFEM [8]. In this study, the latter software is chosen for the design and the analysis of the structure since it is specialized software for timber structures made of CLT elements.
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Books on the topic "CLST"

1

Les CLSC. Montréal, Québec: Editions Saint-Martin, 1987.

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CLIST programming. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.

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Clust y wenci. Llandysul: Gomer, 1999.

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Roberts, Lleucu. Troi clust fyddar. Talybont, Ceredigion: Y Lolfa, 2005.

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Chicago Linguistic Society. Regional Meeting. CLS 22. Chicago: The Society, 1986.

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Chicago Linguistic Society. Regional Meeting. CLS 21. Chicago: The Society, 1985.

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Martins, Sérgio Pinto. Comentários à CLT. São Paulo: Editora Atlas, 1998.

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Wahlers, Gerhard. CLAT, Geschichte einer lateinamerikanischen Gewerkschaftsinternationale. Witterschlick/Bonn: M. Wehle, 1990.

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Canon Law Society of America. CLSA advisory opinions, 1994-2000. Washington, D.C: Canon Law Society of America, 2002.

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Hughes, Holly. Clit notes: A Sapphic sampler. New York: Grove Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "CLST"

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Ritchie, L. David. "Context-Limited Simulators Theory (CLST)." In Context and Connection in Metaphor, 125–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230286825_7.

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Brown, J. M. "ClS2." In Landolt-Börnstein - Group II Molecules and Radicals, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11313410_73.

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Peters, Nils, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, et al. "Clot." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 364. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6994.

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Szabó, Tímea. "Fluvial Clast." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_421-1.

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Van Hoesen, John G. "Glacial Clast." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_182-1.

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Van Hoesen, John G. "Glacial Clast." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 852–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_182.

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Szabó, Tímea. "Fluvial Clast." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 788–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_421.

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Lass, Leonhard. "clust — poesys." In Flash Video Creativity, 203–58. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5129-3_8.

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Tucker, Katherine L., Tanya Sage, and Jonathan M. Gibbins. "Clot Retraction." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 101–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-307-3_8.

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Gressner, A. M., and O. A. Gressner. "Mucin-Clot-Test." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1691–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_2190.

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Conference papers on the topic "CLST"

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Rao, Changhui, Naiting Gu, Lei Zhu, Yangyi Liu, Jinlong Huang, Cheng Li, Yuntao Cheng, et al. "1.8-M solar telescope in China: the CLST." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Larry M. Stepp, Roberto Gilmozzi, and Helen J. Hall. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2054844.

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Rao, Changhui, Naiting Gu, Lei Zhu, Cheng Li, Jinglong Huang, Yuntao Cheng, Yangyi Liu, et al. "Progress on the 1.8m solar telescope: the CLST." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Helen J. Hall, Roberto Gilmozzi, and Heather K. Marshall. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2231978.

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Liu, Yangyi, Naiting Gu, Cheng Li, Yuntao Cheng, Benxi Yao, Zhiyong Wang, and Changhui Rao. "Active thermal control for the 1.8-m primary mirror of the solar telescope CLST." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Helen J. Hall, Roberto Gilmozzi, and Heather K. Marshall. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2231854.

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Tan, Haoyu, Wuman Luo, and Lionel M. Ni. "CloST." In the 21st ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2396761.2398589.

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Haller, Johann, and Jörg Schütz. "CLAT." In the 19th annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/501516.501532.

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Xu, Xiangyang, Tongwei Ren, and Gangshan Wu. "CLSH." In International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2632856.2632868.

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Jhaveri, Nisarg, Manish Gupta, and Vasudeva Varma. "clstk." In WSDM '19: The Twelfth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3289600.3290614.

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Vengadeswaran, Shanmugasundaram, and Sadhu Ramakrishnan Balasundaram. "CLUST." In CoDS COMAD 2020: 7th ACM IKDD CoDS and 25th COMAD. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3371158.3371159.

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Markiewicz, Robert P., and Daniele Sgandurra. "Clust-IT." In ARES 2020: The 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3407023.3409201.

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Xie, Lan, Xinggong Zhang, and Zongming Guo. "CLS." In MM '18: ACM Multimedia Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3240508.3240556.

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Reports on the topic "CLST"

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Augsburg, Britta, Laura Abramovsky, Erin Flynn, and Francisco Oteiza. Improving CLTS targeting: evidence from Nigeria. IFS, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2016.0183.

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Langton, C. A., and N. Rajendran. CLSM bleed water reduction test results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/568611.

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Augsburg, Britta, Laura Abramovsky, and Francisco Oteiza. Sustainable Total Sanitation – Nigeria: second CLTS impact evaluation report. The IFS, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2017.0134.

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Rajendran, N., and C. A. Langton. High performance CLSM field mixing and pumping test results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/568985.

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Prebula, Thomas M. Contractor Logistics Support (CLS) Cost Factors Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada275774.

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Rajendran, N. Controlled low strength materials (CLSM), reported by ACI Committee 229. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505263.

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Goodman, Michael. Stroke and Blood Clot Risk in Transgender Women Taking Hormones. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/05.2021.ad.ss4532.

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Lee, C. C., O. Lehnert, and G. S. Nowlan. Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and clast biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, northeastern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/226142.

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Lee, C. C., O. Lehnert, and G. S. Nowlan. Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and clast biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, northeastern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/289644.

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Demaestri, Edgardo C., Cynthia Moskovits, and Jimena Chiara. Management of Fiscal and Financial Risks Generated by PPPs: Conceptual Issues and Country Experiences. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001470.

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Abstract:
This paper discusses the main issues concerning sovereign fiscal and financial risks from public–private partnerships (PPPs) with a focus on contingent liabilities (CLs). It is based on the presentations and discussions that took place during the XI Annual Meeting of the Group of Latin American and the Caribbean Debt Management Specialists (LAC Debt Group), held in Barbados in August 2015. The main issues discussed include PPP risks assessment, institutional framework for PPP risk management, and accounting and reporting of CLs generated by PPPs. Six country cases (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Suriname, and Turkey) are presented to illustrate experiences with different degrees of development regarding the management of risks and CLs related to PPPs. The document concludes that PPP risk management should encompass the whole lifecycle of a PPP project, risks need to be identified and CLs must be estimated and monitored, and the institutional capacity of governments to evaluate and manage PPP risks plays a central role in the successful development of PPP contracts. Although institutional capacities in this regard have improved in recent years, estimations of CLs involved in PPPs are not regularly performed, and there is still room for improvement on the assessment, measurement, registration, budgeting, and reporting of risks and CLs related to PPPs.
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