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Journal articles on the topic 'Cloze Measure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Trace, Jonathan. "Clozing the gap: How far do cloze items measure?" Language Testing 37, no. 2 (2019): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532219888617.

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Originally designed to measure reading and passage comprehension in L1 readers, cloze tests continue to be used for L2 assessment purposes. However, there remain disputes about whether or not cloze items can measure beyond local comprehension information, as well as whether or not they are purely a test of reading alone, or if performance can be generalized to broader claims about proficiency. The current study sets out to address both of these issues by drawing on a large pool of cloze items ( k = 449) taken from 15 cloze passages that were administered to 675 L1 and 2246 L2 examinees. In con

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Kleijn, Suzanne, Henk Pander Maat, and Ted Sanders. "Cloze testing for comprehension assessment: The HyTeC-cloze." Language Testing 36, no. 4 (2019): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532219840382.

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Although there are many methods available for assessing text comprehension, the cloze test is not widely acknowledged as one of them. Critiques on cloze testing center on its supposedly limited ability to measure comprehension beyond the sentence. However, these critiques do not hold for all types of cloze tests; the particular configuration of a cloze determines its validity. We review various cloze configurations and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. We propose a new cloze procedure specifically designed to gauge text comprehension: the Hybrid Text Comprehension cloze (HyTeC-cloze). It

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Jones, Michael, and Malcolm Smith. "Traditional and alternative methods of measuring the understandability of accounting narratives." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 27, no. 1 (2014): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-04-2013-1314.

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Purpose – The study aims to explore the use of alternative measures of “understandability” on accounting texts. This includes the meaning identification test (MIT) and the sentence verification technique (SVT), which have not previously been used by accounting researchers, as well as variants on the traditional Cloze tests such as the C-Test. Design/methodology/approach – This study focuses on the understandability of accounting texts and evaluates how reliable the Cloze test is as a measure of comprehension. An experiment was designed and conducted to measure users' performance with a variety

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Baghaei, Purya, and Hamdollah Ravand. "Method Bias in Cloze Tests as Reading Comprehension Measures." SAGE Open 9, no. 1 (2019): 215824401983270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019832706.

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In many reading comprehension tests, different test formats are employed. Two commonly used test formats to measure reading comprehension are sustained passages followed by some questions and cloze items. Individual differences in handling test format peculiarities could constitute a source of score variance. In this study, a bifactor Rasch model is applied to separate the cloze-specific variance in a reading comprehension test composed of sustained passages (plus questions) and a cloze passage. The results are compared with a unidimensional Rasch model where all items load on a single dimensi

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Jonz, John. "Another Turn in the Conversation: What Does Cloze Measure?" TESOL Quarterly 24, no. 1 (1990): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586852.

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McKenna, Michael C., and Kent Layton. "Concurrent validity of cloze as a measure of intersentential comprehension." Journal of Educational Psychology 82, no. 2 (1990): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.2.372.

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Eissa, Ibrahim, and Said Selim. "The Cloze Procedure as a Measure of Program Understanding.(Dept.E)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.176856.

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Chung, Eun Seon, and Soojin Ahn. "Examining Cloze Tests as a Measure of Linguistic Complexity in L2 Writing." Lanaguage Research 55, no. 3 (2019): 627–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30961/lr.2019.55.3.627.

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Ryoo, Young-sook. "Predictability of the Cloze Test as a Measure of Written Productive Vocabulary." Modern English Society 18, no. 4 (2017): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2017.18.4.02.

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Gamaroff, R. "The cloze test as a measure of language proficiency: a statistical analysis." South African Journal of Linguistics 16, no. 1 (1998): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10118063.1998.9724127.

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Gellert, Anna S., and Carsten Elbro. "Cloze Tests May be Quick, But Are They Dirty? Development and Preliminary Validation of a Cloze Test of Reading Comprehension." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 31, no. 1 (2012): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282912451971.

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A commonly held view is that cloze tests may well provide a quick measure of something reading related, but that they are not suitable for assessments of understanding of ideas beyond the sentence boundary. The present article presents challenges to this view. It is argued that word gaps can be carefully selected so that filling them in requires proper understanding of the ideas of the text. The reliability and validity of such a comprehension-focused cloze test was demonstrated in a study of 204 Danish adults attending reading courses or general education. The quick (10 min) cloze comprehensi

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Trace, Jonathan, James Dean Brown, Gerriet Janssen, and Liudmila Kozhevnikova. "Determining cloze item difficulty from item and passage characteristics across different learner backgrounds." Language Testing 34, no. 2 (2016): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532215623581.

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Cloze tests have been the subject of numerous studies regarding their function and use in both first language and second language contexts (e.g., Jonz & Oller, 1994; Watanabe & Koyama, 2008). From a validity standpoint, one area of investigation has been the extent to which cloze tests measure reading ability beyond the sentence level. Using test data from 50 30-item cloze passages administered to 2,298 Japanese and 5,170 Russian EFL students, this study examined the degree to which linguistic features for cloze passages and items influenced item difficulty. Using a common set of 10 an

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Miller, Michael J., Jane E. DeWitt, Erin M. McCleeary, and Kelly J. O'keefe. "Application of the Cloze Procedure to Evaluate Comprehension and Demonstrate Rewriting of Pharmacy Educational Materials." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 43, no. 4 (2009): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1l642.

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Background: Written materials are commonly used to communicate pharmacy-relevant information to patients. However, they are often composed at a level that limits comprehension, mitigating a well-intended effect. Objective: To (1) use the cloze procedure (a test designed to assess reading comprehension) to evaluate an individual's understanding of a pharmacy-relevant educational pamphlet; (2) compare results of the cloze procedure with the reading comprehension component of the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA); and (3) use results to demonstrate rewriting of the edu

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Shaoul, Cyrus, R. Harald Baayen, and Chris F. Westbury. "N-gram probability effects in a cloze task." Mental Lexicon 9, no. 3 (2014): 437–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.9.3.04sha.

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What knowledge influences our choice of words when we write or speak? Predicting which word a person will produce next is not easy, even when the linguistic context is known. One task that has been used to assess context dependent word choice is the fill-in-the-blank task, also called the cloze task. The cloze probability of specific context is an empirical measure found by asking many people to fill in the blank. In this paper we harness the power of large corpora to look at the influence of corpus-derived probabilistic information from a word’s micro-context on word choice. We asked young ad

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Ownby, Raymond L., and Drenna Waldrop-Valverde. "Differential Item Functioning Related to Age in the Reading Subtest of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults." Journal of Aging Research 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/654589.

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Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when items in a measure perform in ways that are different for members of a target group when the different performance is not related to the individual’s overall ability to be assessed. DIF may arise for a number of reasons but is often evaluated in order to ensure that tests and measures are fair evaluations of a group’s abilities. Based on observations when administering the test, we developed the hypothesis that some items on the reading comprehension subtest of the Test of Functional Health Literacy (TOFHLA) might be differentially more difficult

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Rabadi, Reem Ibrahim. "Adult L2 Learners Need a Reading Comprehension Test: Is it a C-Test or a Cloze Test?" International Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 5 (2015): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i5.8447.

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<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">Many language tests are used to measure language learners’ abilities, two of these tests are the cloze test and the C-test. However, insufficient research has done on the usefulness of these tests as reading comprehension tests. </span><span lang="X-NONE">Therefore, </span><span lang="X-NONE">this study attempts to compare the efficiency of the cloze test with the efficiency of the C-test as reading comprehension tests. It will explore the main research question if there are any significant differences between the results of

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Fotos, Sandra S. "The Cloze Test as an Integrative Measure of EFL Proficiency: A Substitute for Essays on College Entrance Examinations?*." Language Learning 41, no. 3 (1991): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1991.tb00609.x.

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Bellinger, David B., and Marci S. DeCaro. "Note-taking format and difficulty impact learning from instructor-provided lecture notes." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 12 (2019): 2807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819879434.

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The method students use to take notes impacts how they process lecture information. The current experiment examined how the format and amount of content included in instructor-provided notes affect learning. Undergraduate students listened to a brief audio-recorded science lecture that emphasised independent facts, while using one of four note-taking guides. These guides varied in their format (outline notes, cloze notes) and level of difficulty (less-difficult, more-difficult). Outline notes included a partially complete organisational framework, promoting knowledge of relationships among con

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Watson, G. R., V. Wright, S. Long, and W. De L'Aune. "A Low Vision Reading Comprehension Test." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 90, no. 6 (1996): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9609000606.

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The Low Vision Reading Comprehension Assessment (LVRCA) uses an 18-sentence cloze format in two equivalent forms to measure understanding of print reading by persons with macular degeneration. It requires nine minutes to administer and thus can be used in clinical settings. This article describes its development and a study of the reliability and validity of the LVRCA tested on 50 persons with macular degeneration.

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Laesch, Kelley Bowers, and Anne van Kleeck. "The Cloze Test as an Alternative Measure of Language Proficiency of Children Considered for Exit from Bilingual Education Programs*." Language Learning 37, no. 2 (1987): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1987.tb00564.x.

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Luchkina, Tatiana, Tania Ionin, Natalia Lysenko, Anastasia Stoops, and Nadezhda Suvorkina. "Evaluating the Russian Language Proficiency of Bilingual and Second Language Learners of Russian." Languages 6, no. 2 (2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020083.

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The starting point of most experimental and clinical examinations of bilingual language development is the choice of the measure of participants’ proficiency, which affects the interpretation of experimental findings and has pedagogical and clinical implications. Recent work on heritage and L2 acquisition of Russian used varying proficiency assessment tools, including elicited production, vocabulary recognition, and in-house measures. Using such different approaches to proficiency assessment is problematic if one seeks a coherent vision of bilingual speaker competence at different acquisition

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Rugimbana, Robert, and Chris Patel. "The Application of the Marketing Concept in Textbook Selection: Using the Cloze Procedure." Journal of Marketing Education 18, no. 1 (1996): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027347539601800104.

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Because of increased class sizes, higher staff teaching loads, and inadequate teaching facilities, many marketing faculty have less time to evaluate textbooks effectively. This situation results in text selection processes based on criteria that favor ease of teaching rather than student learning. Since marketing education places great reliance on textbooks as the primary instructional medium, marketing academics must select textbooks using explicit, educationally sound, student-oriented criteria. A method reflecting the most fundamental law of marketing, one that ensures that the chosen texts

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Angelis, Paul. "SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY, FOREIGN LANGUAGE APTITUDE, AND INTELLIGENCE: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSES.Miyuki Sasaki. New York: Peter Lang, 1996. Pp. xii + 155. $40.95 cloth." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 21, no. 1 (1999): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263199261062.

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There are few in-depth studies that have attempted to explore the complex relationships among second language proficiency, foreign language aptitude, and intelligence. Information on such studies is usually found only in unpublished dissertations or in greatly reduced form in journal articles. This text is a rare example of a full-length report of such a study. Based on data from 160 EFL students in Japan, the researcher employed an extensive array of analytical procedures relating performance on English language proficiency measures with performance on a three-part aptitude battery and an int

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Friedman, Daniela B., and Laurie Hoffman-Goetz. "A Systematic Review of Readability and Comprehension Instruments Used for Print and Web-Based Cancer Information." Health Education & Behavior 33, no. 3 (2006): 352–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198105277329.

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Adequate functional literacy skills positively influence individuals' ability to take control of their health. Print and Web-basedcancer informationis oftenwritten at difficult readinglevels. This systematic review evaluates readability instruments (FRE, F-K, Fog, SMOG, Fry) used to assess print and Web-based cancer information and word recognition and comprehension tests (Cloze, REALM, TOFHLA, WRAT) that measure people's health literacy. Articles on readability and comprehension instruments explicitly used for cancer information were assembled by searching MEDLINE and Psyc INFO from 1993 to 2

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Kunnur, Pamila B., and urali N. Mohana. "'Cloze Test' as a Measure of Readability: A study of the news reports published in The Hindu and The Times of India." International Journal of Social and Economic Research 6, no. 1 (2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-6270.2016.00009.x.

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Hosey, Gwendolyn M., William L. Freeman, Frances Stracqualursi, and Dorothy Gohdes. "Designing and Evaluating Diabetes Education Material for American Indians." Diabetes Educator 16, no. 5 (1990): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179001600514.

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This paper describes the methods used to develop and evaluate diabetes education material for American Indians and Alaska Natives living in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Reading skills of individuals and readability of a sample of existing diabetic education material were measured. Using the Wide Range Achievement Test to measure reading skills, the authors found that 66% of the sample read at a 5th "grade" or higher level. Readability of a sample of available diabetic education material was found to be, on average, at the 10th "grade" level. Diabetes education booklets targeted to a 5th to 7

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Kirby, John R., and Warwick R. Teasdale. "Children's Monitoring of Another's Comprehension: Effects of Reading Ability and Context." Australian Journal of Education 31, no. 1 (1987): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418703100105.

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Previous research has shown that children do not monitor their own comprehension very well when reading. Theories have been advanced which emphasize the roles of capabilities and strategies in inhibiting monitoring; at least one crucial factor is that children often do not perceive that errors are possible in text. This paper describes the development of a task, the inserted cloze task, in which children are required to judge the correctness of another child's comprehension. This task elicits comprehension monitoring quite easily. An empirical study of above and below average readers in Years

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Mets, Jan. "Tekstbegrip In...?" Taaltoetsen 31 (January 1, 1988): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.31.17met.

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For a number of years Dutch foreign language examinations have comprised tests of reading comprehension in only one format: the m.c. question with four options. Now research is being carried out into the feasibility of adding another format: a modified cloze in which deletions are not random but deliberate and in which options are offered. Through these modifications a number of problems adhering to the regular cloze are avoided, and at the same time it is possible to maintain the concept of reading comprehension which has thus far governed the construction of FL examinations, the idea, that i

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Olubunmi, Adejumo Gbadebo, and Maryam Tar. "Impact of Psychological Well-Being on the Vocabulary Acquisition Level of Nigerian Adolescents Learning French Language in Rural Settings." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 2, no. 2 (2015): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v2i2.298.

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There is now clearer recognition that, in a country as culturally and linguistically diverse as Nigeria, specific attention must be paid to the mental readiness of learners especially in acquiring language different from their first language or lingua franca such as French language. Vocabulary acquisition is part of the psychology of foreign language learning that has received short shrift from applied linguistics, and has been very largely neglected by recent developments in research. This study therefore examined the impact of psychological well-being on the vocabulary acquisition level of N

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Muhammad Al Saadi, Ala, Wail Muin (Al-Haj sa'id) Ismail, Muhammad Azhar bin Zailani, Tareq Mohamad Alyatim, and Zaharah Binti Hussin. "READABILITY OF THE SECOND GRADE ARABIC LANGUAGE BOOKS IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 2 (2020): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8286.

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Purpose of the study: This study aims to measure the readability of Second Grade Arabic Language books in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methodology: This paper discusses a quantitative survey conducted, based on previous studies which include Momni and Momni (2011), Nasser and Ibrahimi (2013) and Lami and Zoaeni (2014), to examine readability problems in Arabic language books used in UAE schools. The researchers developed a Cloze Test and performed the test on a randomly selected sample of 387 Second Grade students. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (T-Test, ANOVA) were analy

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Ownby, Raymond L., Amarilis Acevedo, Drenna Waldrop-Valverde, and Robin J. Jacobs. "Is the Cloze Procedure Appropriate to Evaluate Health Literacy in Older Individuals? Age Effects in the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults." Journal of Aging Research 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/194635.

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Health literacy has received increasing attention because of its importance for older individuals’ health, as studies have shown a close relation between older individuals’ health literacy and their health. Research also suggests that older individuals have low levels of health literacy, but this finding is variable and may depend on which health literacy test is used. Older individuals assessed with the Test of Functional Health Literacy (TOFHLA) score lower than younger individuals, but a previous study suggested that this may result from age-related differential item functioning (DIF) on th

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Taferner, Robert H., and Jun Yamada. "Crosslinguistic Image Schema Differential Hypothesis Clarifies Non-Prototypical and Polysemous Spatial Preposition ‘on’ for L2 Learners." Cognitive Semantics 7, no. 1 (2021): 114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-07010002.

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Abstract A key question for linguistics involves how to determine and account for expressions of non-prototypical spatial relationships between languages. To address this issue, Crosslinguistic Image Schema Differential (CISD) hypothesis is introduced to examine various uses of the English preposition on produced by L2 (second language) learners. Data collection consisted of a grammar test designed to elicit and measure participants’ knowledge of the English preposition on by completing cloze sentences in English, translating these sentences into the L1 (first language), and then drawing visua

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Cheng, Karen Kow Yip, Amir BiglarBaygi, and Mesod Solaymani. "The Effect of Text Authenticity on the Performance of Iranian EFL Students in a C-Test." Research in Language 7 (December 23, 2009): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-009-0005-6.

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As part of growing efforts to understand factors affecting c-test this study aims to investigate the effect of text authenticity on the performance of Iranian EFL students in a C-Test. The C-Test is an integrative testing instrument that measures overall language competence, very much like the cloze test. In this study the rule of two has been applied: “the second half of every second word has been deleted, beginning with the second word of the second sentence; the first and last sentences are left intact” (Katona and Dornyei 1993: 35). The research involves 60 college students in their third

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Ismayana, Putri, Gunadi Harry Sulistyo, and Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati. "Computerized Dynamic Assessment (C-DA) on Reading Comprehension for L2 Learners of Vocational High Schools." Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan 5, no. 11 (2021): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v5i11.14152.

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<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study focuses on developing a prototype of an assessment program on reading comprehension based on computerized dynamic assessment. The reading skills to be measure include identifying topic, main idea, the detail of the text, logical inference, an assumption, word meaning and synonym, and a conclusion. The assessment consists of two types of tests including multiple choice type and cloze procedures. Those tests contain prompts as the characteristic of dynamic assessment. The participants in this study were 316 eleventh grade students of voc

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Farhadi, Sima, Nader Asadi Aidinloo, and Zahra Talebi. "The Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Learners in the Light of Metadiscourse Awareness." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 5 (2016): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0705.12.

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In the framework of language teaching, the writing skill requires to be encouraged during the language learners’ course of study. Since metadiscourse markers help transform a tortuous piece of text into a coherent and reader-friendly one, knowledge about the metadiscourse, amongst other things, is used to improve writing skill. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of instruction of metadiscourse markers on intermediate EFL learners’ writing performance by using metadiscoursal taxonomies proposed by Hyland (2005). For this purpose, a pet test was administrated to 60 intermediate

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Lv, Shangwen, Wanhui Qian, Longtao Huang, Jizhong Han, and Songlin Hu. "SAM-Net: Integrating Event-Level and Chain-Level Attentions to Predict What Happens Next." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 6802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016802.

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Scripts represent knowledge of event sequences that can help text understanding. Script event prediction requires to measure the relation between an existing chain and the subsequent event. The dominant approaches either focus on the effects of individual events, or the influence of the chain sequence. However, only considering individual events will lose much semantic relations within the event chain, and only considering the sequence of the chain will introduce much noise. With our observations, both the individual events and the event segments within the chain can facilitate the prediction

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Gafoor, Sameer, Mayank Agrawal, and Horst Sievert. "Measure Twice, Close Once." JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 8, no. 15 (2015): 1942–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2015.09.016.

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Zhang, Yuqian, Anura De Zoysa, and Kalinga Jagoda. "The influence of second language learning motivation on students' understandability of textbooks." Accounting Research Journal 34, no. 4 (2021): 394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-07-2020-0216.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the understandability of an accounting textbooks written in English and the language learning motivation of international students. Previous research assumed that native speakers of a language and second-language speakers would understand a given accounting text similarly and little attempt has been made to ascertain any individual differences in users’ capacity to read and understand a foreign language. Design/methodology/approach The 107 participants in this study comprised of full-time English as a Second Language post

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Dubickas, Artūras. "Mahler Measures Close to an Integer." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 45, no. 2 (2002): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2002-022-8.

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AbstractWe prove that theMahler measure of an algebraic number cannot be too close to an integer, unless we have equality. The examples of certain Pisot numbers show that the respective inequality is sharp up to a constant. All cases when the measure is equal to the integer are described in terms of the minimal polynomials.

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Feldman, J. "$\epsilon$-close measures producing nonisomorphic filtrations." Annals of Probability 24, no. 2 (1996): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aop/1039639369.

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Lauff, Ulrich, and Sven Lochau. "Compact ethernet modules measure signals close to sensors." ATZelektronik worldwide 1, no. 4 (2006): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03242102.

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Sprunger, Joel G., and Christopher I. Eckhardt. "Predicting Past and Future Dating Violence From Implicit and Explicit Violence Attitudes: An Experimental Manipulation of Provocation in Close Relationships." Partner Abuse 8, no. 4 (2017): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.8.4.361.

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This study examined implicit and explicit attitudes toward the use of violence and their capacity to predict past and future partner-directed aggression in a college dating sample. Implicit and explicit intimate partner violence (IPV) attitudes were measured and compared based on how well they identified self-reported past IPV and predicted expressed aggressive intent following a simulated dating scenario. Male and female participants (N = 106) completed self-report measures of IPV perpetration history and dating violence attitudes as well as an implicit association measure of violence attitud

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Barnes, Lindsey R., Eve C. Gruntfest, Mary H. Hayden, David M. Schultz, and Charles Benight. "False Alarms and Close Calls: A Conceptual Model of Warning Accuracy." Weather and Forecasting 22, no. 5 (2007): 1140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf1031.1.

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Abstract The false alarm rate (FAR) measures the fraction of forecasted events that did not occur, and it remains one of the key metrics for verifying National Weather Service (NWS) weather warnings. The national FAR for tornado warnings in 2003 was 0.76, indicating that only one in four tornado warnings was verified. The NWS’s goal for 2010 is to reduce this value to 0.70. Conventional wisdom is that false alarms reduce the public’s willingness to respond to future events. This paper questions this conventional wisdom. In addition, this paper argues that the metrics used to evaluate false ala

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Pascale Aebischer. "Silence, Rape and Politics in Measure for Measure: Close Readings in Theatre History." Shakespeare Bulletin 26, no. 4 (2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/shb.0.0036.

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Sadreyev, R. I., S. Shi, D. Baker, and N. V. Grishin. "Structure similarity measure with penalty for close non-equivalent residues." Bioinformatics 25, no. 10 (2009): 1259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp148.

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Amoroso, Francesco. "Algebraic Numbers Close to 1 and Variants of Mahler's Measure." Journal of Number Theory 60, no. 1 (1996): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jnth.1996.0114.

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Marchal, Philippe. "Measure Concentration for Stable Laws with Index Close to 2." Electronic Communications in Probability 10 (2005): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/ecp.v10-1129.

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48

Liu, Wen-Cheng, and Wei-Che Huang. "CLOSE RANGE DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLIED TO TOPOGRAPHY AND LANDSLIDE MEASUREMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-875-2016.

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Landslide monitoring is a crucial tool for the prevention of hazards. It is often the only solution for the survey and the early-warning of large landslides cannot be stabilized. The objective of present study is to use a low-cost image system to monitor the active landslides. We adopted the direct linear transformation (DLT) method in close range digital photogrammetry to measure terrain of landslide at the Huoyen Shan, Miaoli of central Taiwan and to compare measured results with e-GPS. The results revealed that the relative error in surface area was approximately 1.7% as comparing the photo

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49

Liu, Wen-Cheng, and Wei-Che Huang. "CLOSE RANGE DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLIED TO TOPOGRAPHY AND LANDSLIDE MEASUREMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-875-2016.

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Abstract:

Landslide monitoring is a crucial tool for the prevention of hazards. It is often the only solution for the survey and the early-warning of large landslides cannot be stabilized. The objective of present study is to use a low-cost image system to monitor the active landslides. We adopted the direct linear transformation (DLT) method in close range digital photogrammetry to measure terrain of landslide at the Huoyen Shan, Miaoli of central Taiwan and to compare measured results with e-GPS. The results revealed that the relative error in surface area was approximately 1.7% as comparing the photo

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Meng, Li, Hu Ping, and Ma Liang. "Research on the reinforcement measures of close-parallel tunnels." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019802030.

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Based on shallow parallel underground tunnel and double-line shield tunnel of Jinan Rail Transit Line R3, this paper proposes two reinforcement measures including bored piles and curtain grouting in the middle of the tunnel, making a numerical analysis and comparison of the reinforcement effect. The results show that the influence of later tunnel construction on the deformation of earlier tunnel can be effectively reduced after taking two reinforcement measures respectively and the reinforcement effect of the bored piles is better.

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