Academic literature on the topic 'Clouds Australia, Northern'
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Journal articles on the topic "Clouds Australia, Northern"
1
Pope, Mick, Christian Jakob, and Michael J. Reeder. "Convective Systems of the North Australian Monsoon." Journal of Climate 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2008): 5091–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2304.1.
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Abstract The climatology of convection over northern Australia and the surrounding oceans, based on six wet seasons (September–April), is derived from the Japanese Meteorological Agency Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5 (GMS-5) IR1 channel for the years from 1995/96 to 2000/01. This is the first multiyear study of this kind. Clouds are identified at two cloud-top temperature thresholds: 235 and 208 K. The annual cycle of cloudiness over northern Australia shows an initial (October–November) buildup over the Darwin region before widespread cloudiness develops over the entire region during the monsoon months (December–February), followed by a northward contraction during March and April. Tracking mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) reveals that both the size of the cloud systems and their lifetimes follow power-law distributions. For short-lived MCSs (less than 12 h), the initial expansion of the cloudy area is related to the lifetime, with mergers important for long-lived MCSs (greater than 24 h). During periods of deep zonal flow, which coincide with the active phase of the monsoon, the number of convective elements in the Darwin region peaks in the early afternoon, which is characteristic of the diurnal cycle over land. In contrast, when the zonal flow is deep and easterly and the monsoon is in a break phase, the areal extent of the convective elements in the Darwin region is greatest in the late morning, which is more typical of maritime convection.
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Zeng, Xiping, Wei-Kuo Tao, Scott W. Powell, Robert A. Houze, Paul Ciesielski, Nick Guy, Harold Pierce, and Toshihisa Matsui. "A Comparison of the Water Budgets between Clouds from AMMA and TWP-ICE." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-050.1.
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Abstract Two field campaigns, the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) and the Tropical Warm Pool–International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE), took place in 2006 near Niamey, Niger, and Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, providing extensive observations of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) near a desert and a tropical coast, respectively. Under the constraint of their observations, three-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulations are carried out and presented in this paper to replicate the basic characteristics of the observed MCSs. All of the modeled MCSs exhibit a distinct structure having deep convective clouds accompanied by stratiform and anvil clouds. In contrast to the approximately 100-km-scale MCSs observed in TWP-ICE, the MCSs in AMMA have been successfully simulated with a scale of about 400 km. These modeled AMMA and TWP-ICE MCSs offer an opportunity to understand the structure and mechanism of MCSs. Comparing the water budgets between AMMA and TWP-ICE MCSs suggests that TWP-ICE convective clouds have stronger ascent while the mesoscale ascent outside convective clouds in AMMA is stronger. A case comparison, with the aid of sensitivity experiments, also suggests that vertical wind shear and ice crystal (or dust aerosol) concentration can significantly impact stratiform and anvil clouds (e.g., their areas) in MCSs. In addition, the obtained water budgets quantitatively describe the transport of water between convective, stratiform, and anvil regions as well as water sources/sinks from microphysical processes, providing information that can be used to help determine parameters in the convective and cloud parameterizations in general circulation models (GCMs).
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Protat, A., J. Delanoë, P. T. May, J. Haynes, C. Jakob, E. O'Connor, M. Pope, and M. C. Wheeler. "The variability of tropical ice cloud properties as a function of the large-scale context from ground-based radar-lidar observations over Darwin, Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 8 (August 25, 2010): 20069–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-20069-2010.
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Abstract. The statistical properties of non-precipitating tropical ice clouds over Darwin, Australia are characterized using ground-based radar-lidar observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. The ice cloud properties analysed are the frequency of ice cloud occurrence, the morphological properties (cloud top height and thickness, cloud fraction as derived considering a typical large-scale model grid box), and the microphysical and radiative properties (ice water content, visible extinction, effective radius, terminal fall speed, and total concentration). The variability of these tropical ice cloud properties is then studied as a function of the large-scale cloud regimes derived from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), the amplitude and phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the large-scale atmospheric regime as derived from a long-term record of radiosonde observations over Darwin. The rationale for characterizing this variability is to provide an observational basis to which model outputs can be compared for the different regimes or large-scale characteristics and from which new parameterizations accounting for the large-scale context can be derived. The mean vertical variability of ice cloud occurrence and microphysical properties is large (1.5 order of magnitude for ice water content and extinction, a factor 3 in effective radius, and three orders of magnitude in concentration, typically). 98% of ice clouds in our dataset are characterized by either a small cloud fraction (smaller than 0.3) or a very large cloud fraction (larger than 0.9). Our results also indicate that, at least in the northern Australian region, the upper part of the troposphere can be split into three distinct layers characterized by different statistically-dominant microphysical processes. The variability of the ice cloud properties as a function of the large-scale atmospheric regime, cloud regime, and MJO phase is found to be large, producing mean differences of up to a factor of 8 in the frequency of ice cloud occurrence between large-scale atmospheric regimes, a factor of 3 to 4 for the ISCCP regimes and the MJO phases, and mean differences of a factor of 2 typically in all microphysical properties analysed in the present paper between large-scale atmospheric regimes or MJO phases. Large differences in occurrence (up to 60–80%) are also found in the main patterns of the cloud fraction distribution of ice clouds (fractions smaller than 0.3 and larger than 0.9). Finally, the diurnal cycle of the frequency of occurrence of ice clouds is also very different between regimes and MJO phases, with diurnal amplitudes of the vertically-integrated frequency of ice cloud occurrence ranging from as low as 0.2 (almost no detectable diurnal cycle) to values in excess of 2.0 (very large diurnal amplitude).
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Notaro, Michael, Guangshan Chen, Yan Yu, Fuyao Wang, and Ahmed Tawfik. "Regional Climate Modeling of Vegetation Feedbacks on the Asian–Australian Monsoon Systems." Journal of Climate 30, no. 5 (February 9, 2017): 1553–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0669.1.
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Abstract This study explores the hypothesis that subtropical and tropical monsoon regions exhibit unique responses to vegetation feedbacks. Using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), M. Notaro et al. concluded that reduced vegetation cover led to an earlier subtropical Chinese monsoon and a delayed, weaker tropical Australian monsoon, yet significant climate and leaf area index (LAI) biases obfuscated the hypothesis’s reliability. To address these concerns, the Regional Climate Model, version 4 (RegCM4), likewise coupled to the Community Land Model but with “observed” LAI boundary conditions, is applied across China and Australia. The model matches the observed dominance of crops, grass, and evergreen trees in southern China and grass and shrubs in northern Australia. The optimal model configuration is determined and applied in control runs for 1960–2013. Monsoon region LAI is modified in a RegCM4 ensemble, aimed at contrasting vegetation feedbacks between tropical and subtropical regions. Greater LAI supports reductions in albedo, temperature, wind speed, boundary layer height, ascending motion, and midlevel clouds and increases in diurnal temperature range (DTR), wind stress, evapotranspiration (ET), specific humidity, and low clouds. In response to greater LAI, rainfall is enhanced during Australia’s pre-to-midmonsoon season but not for China. Modified LAI leads to dramatic changes in the temporal distribution and intensity of Australian rain events. Heterogeneous responses to biophysical feedbacks include amplified impacts (e.g., increased ET and DTR) across China’s croplands and Australia’s shrublands. Inconsistencies between China’s monsoonal responses in the present RegCM4 study and prior CCSM study of M. Notaro et al. are attributed to CCSM’s excessive forest cover and LAI, exaggerated roughness mechanism, and deficient ET response.
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Warren, Stephen G., Ryan M. Eastman, and Carole J. Hahn. "A Survey of Changes in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types over Land from Surface Observations, 1971–96." Journal of Climate 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2007): 717–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4031.1.
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Abstract From a dataset of weather observations from land stations worldwide, about 5400 stations were selected as having long periods of record with cloud-type information; they cover all continents and many islands. About 185 million synoptic reports were analyzed for total cloud cover and the amounts of nine different cloud types, for the 26-yr period 1971–96. Monthly and seasonal averages were formed for day and night separately. Time series of total-cloud-cover anomalies for individual continents show a large decrease for South America, small decreases for Eurasia and Africa, and no trend for North America. The largest interannual variations (2.7%) are found for Australia, which is strongly influenced by ENSO. The zonal average trends of total cloud cover are positive in the Arctic winter and spring, 60°–80°N, but negative in all seasons at most other latitudes. The global average trend of total cloud cover over land is small, −0.7% decade−1, offsetting the small positive trend that had been found for the ocean, and resulting in no significant trend for the land–ocean average. Significant regional trends are found for many cloud types. The night trends agree with day trends for total cloud cover and for all cloud types except cumulus. Cirrus trends are generally negative over all continents. A previously reported decline in total cloud cover over China and its neighbors appears to be largely attributable to high and middle clouds. Global trends of the cloud types exhibit trade-offs, with convective cloud types increasing at the expense of stratiform clouds, in both the low and middle levels. Interannual variations over Europe, particularly of nimbostratus, are well correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation; significant correlations are also found across northern Asia. Interannual variations in many parts of the Tropics are well correlated with an ENSO index. Little correlation was found with an index of smoke aerosol, in seven regions of seasonal biomass burning. In the middle latitudes of both hemispheres, seasonal anomalies of cloud cover are positively correlated with surface temperature in winter and negatively correlated in summer, as expected if the direction of causality is from clouds to temperature.
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Frey, W., S. Borrmann, F. Fierli, R. Weigel, V. Mitev, R. Matthey, F. Ravegnani, N. M. Sitnikov, A. Ulanovsky, and F. Cairo. "Tropical deep convective life cycle: Cb-anvil cloud microphysics from high altitude aircraft observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 8 (May 12, 2014): 11815–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-11815-2014.
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Abstract. The case study presented here focusses on the life cycle of clouds in a tropical deep convective system. During the SCOUT-O3 campaign from Darwin, Northern Australia, the Hector storm system has been probed by the Geophysica high altitude aircraft. Clouds were observed by in situ particle probes, a backscatter sonde, and a miniature lidar. Additionally, aerosol number concentrations have been measured. On 30 November 2005 a double flight took place and Hector was probed throughout its life cycle in its developing, mature, and dissipating stage. The two flights were four hours apart and focussed on the anvil region of Hector in altitudes between 10.5 km and 18.8 km (i.e. above 350 K potential temperature). Trajectory calculations and ozone measurements have been used to identify that the same cloud air masses have been probed in both flights. The size distributions derived from the measurements not only show a change with increasing altitude but also with the evolution of Hector. Clearly different aerosol to cloud particle ratios as well as varying ice crystal morphology have been found for the different development stages of Hector, indicating a change in freezing mechanisms. The development phase exhibits the smallest ice particles (up to 300 μm) with a rather uniform morphology. This is indicative for rapid glaciation during Hector's development. Sizes of ice crystals are largest in the mature stage (larger 1.6 mm) and even exceed those of some continental tropical deep convective clouds, also in their number concentrations. The backscatter properties and particle images show a change from frozen droplets in the developing phase to rimed and aggregated particles. The clouds in the dissipating stage have a large vertical extend (roughly 6 km) though optically thin and persist for at least 6 h. This poses a high potential for affecting the tropical tropopause layer background conditions regarding humidity, e.g. through facilitating subvisible cirrus formation, and with this the amount of water vapour that is transported into the stratosphere.
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Frey, W., S. Borrmann, F. Fierli, R. Weigel, V. Mitev, R. Matthey, F. Ravegnani, N. M. Sitnikov, A. Ulanovsky, and F. Cairo. "Tropical deep convective life cycle: Cb-anvil cloud microphysics from high-altitude aircraft observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 23 (December 11, 2014): 13223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13223-2014.
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Abstract. The case study presented here focuses on the life cycle of clouds in the anvil region of a tropical deep convective system. During the SCOUT-O3 campaign from Darwin, Northern Australia, the Hector storm system has been probed by the Geophysica high-altitude aircraft. Clouds were observed by in situ particle probes, a backscatter sonde, and a miniature lidar. Additionally, aerosol number concentrations have been measured. On 30 November 2005 a double flight took place and Hector was probed throughout its life cycle in its developing, mature, and dissipating stage. The two flights were four hours apart and focused on the anvil region of Hector in altitudes between 10.5 and 18.8 km (i.e. above 350 K potential temperature). Trajectory calculations, satellite imagery, and ozone measurements have been used to ensure that the same cloud air masses have been probed in both flights. The size distributions derived from the measurements show a change not only with increasing altitude but also with the evolution of Hector. Clearly different cloud to aerosol particle ratios as well as varying ice crystal morphology have been found for the different development stages of Hector, indicating different freezing mechanisms. The development phase exhibits the smallest ice particles (up to 300 μm) with a rather uniform morphology. This is indicative for rapid glaciation during Hector's development. Sizes of ice crystals are largest in the mature stage (larger than 1.6 mm) and even exceed those of some continental tropical deep convective clouds, also in their number concentrations. The backscatter properties and particle images show a change in ice crystal shape from the developing phase to rimed and aggregated particles in the mature and dissipating stages; the specific shape of particles in the developing phase cannot be distinguished from the measurements. Although optically thin, the clouds in the dissipating stage have a large vertical extent (roughly 6 km) and persist for at least 6 h. Thus, the anvils of these high-reaching deep convective clouds have a high potential for affecting the tropical tropopause layer by modifying the humidity and radiative budget, as well as for providing favourable conditions for subvisible cirrus formation. The involved processes may also influence the amount of water vapour that ultimately reaches the stratosphere in the tropics.
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Heymann, J., O. Schneising, M. Reuter, M. Buchwitz, V. V. Rozanov, V. A. Velazco, H. Bovensmann, and J. P. Burrows. "SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS XCO<sub>2</sub>: comparison with CarbonTracker XCO<sub>2</sub> focusing on aerosols and thin clouds." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 2 (April 17, 2012): 2887–931. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-2887-2012.
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Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas whose atmospheric loading has been significantly increased by anthropogenic activity leading to global warming. Accurate measurements and models are needed in order to reliably predict our future climate. This, however, has challenging requirements. Errors in measurements and models need to be identified and minimised. In this context, we present a comparison between satellite-derived column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, denoted XCO2, retrieved from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT using the WFM-DOAS algorithm, and output from NOAA's global CO2 modelling and assimilation system CarbonTracker. We investigate to what extent differences between these two data sets are influenced by systematic retrieval errors due to aerosols and unaccounted clouds. We analyse seven years of SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS version 2.1 retrievals (WFMDv2.1) using the latest version of CarbonTracker (version 2010). We investigate to what extent the difference between SCIAMACHY and CarbonTracker XCO2 are temporally and spatially correlated with global aerosol and cloud data sets. For this purpose, we use a global aerosol data set generated within the European GEMS project, which is based on assimilated MODIS satellite data. For clouds, we use a data set derived from CALIOP/CALIPSO. We find significant correlations of the SCIAMACHY minus CarbonTracker XCO2 difference with thin clouds over the Southern Hemisphere. The maximum temporal correlation we find for Darwin, Australia (r2 = 54%). Large temporal correlations with thin clouds are also observed over other regions of the Southern Hemisphere (e.g. 43% for South America and 31% for South Africa). Over the Northern Hemisphere the temporal correlations are typically much lower. An exception is India, where large temporal correlations with clouds and aerosols have also been found. For all other regions the temporal correlations with aerosol are typically low. For the spatial correlations the picture is less clear. They are typically low for both aerosols and clouds, but dependent on region and season, they may exceed 30% (the maximum value of 46% has been found for Darwin during September to November). Overall we find that the presence of thin clouds can potentially explain a significant fraction of the difference between SCIAMACHY WFMDv2.1 XCO2 and CarbonTracker over the Southern Hemisphere. Aerosols appear to be less of a problem. Our study indicates that the quality of the satellite derived XCO2 will significantly benefit from a reduction of scattering related retrieval errors at least for the Southern Hemisphere.
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Heymann, J., O. Schneising, M. Reuter, M. Buchwitz, V. V. Rozanov, V. A. Velazco, H. Bovensmann, and J. P. Burrows. "SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS XCO<sub>2</sub>: comparison with CarbonTracker XCO<sub>2</sub> focusing on aerosols and thin clouds." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 8 (August 13, 2012): 1935–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1935-2012.
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Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas whose atmospheric loading has been significantly increased by anthropogenic activity leading to global warming. Accurate measurements and models are needed in order to reliably predict our future climate. This, however, has challenging requirements. Errors in measurements and models need to be identified and minimised. In this context, we present a comparison between satellite-derived column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, denoted XCO2, retrieved from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT using the WFM-DOAS (weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy) algorithm, and output from NOAA's global CO2 modelling and assimilation system CarbonTracker. We investigate to what extent differences between these two data sets are influenced by systematic retrieval errors due to aerosols and unaccounted clouds. We analyse seven years of SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS version 2.1 retrievals (WFMDv2.1) using CarbonTracker version 2010. We investigate to what extent the difference between SCIAMACHY and CarbonTracker XCO2 are temporally and spatially correlated with global aerosol and cloud data sets. For this purpose, we use a global aerosol data set generated within the European GEMS project, which is based on assimilated MODIS satellite data. For clouds, we use a data set derived from CALIOP/CALIPSO. We find significant correlations of the SCIAMACHY minus CarbonTracker XCO2 difference with thin clouds over the Southern Hemisphere. The maximum temporal correlation we find for Darwin, Australia (r2 = 54%). Large temporal correlations with thin clouds are also observed over other regions of the Southern Hemisphere (e.g. 43% for South America and 31% for South Africa). Over the Northern Hemisphere the temporal correlations are typically much lower. An exception is India, where large temporal correlations with clouds and aerosols have also been found. For all other regions the temporal correlations with aerosol are typically low. For the spatial correlations the picture is less clear. They are typically low for both aerosols and clouds, but depending on region and season, they may exceed 30% (the maximum value of 46% has been found for Darwin during September to November). Overall we find that the presence of thin clouds can potentially explain a significant fraction of the difference between SCIAMACHY WFMDv2.1 XCO2 and CarbonTracker over the Southern Hemisphere. Aerosols appear to be less of a problem. Our study indicates that the quality of the satellite derived XCO2 will significantly benefit from a reduction of scattering related retrieval errors at least for the Southern Hemisphere.
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Fotheringham, M., and D. R. Paudyal. "COMBINING TERRESTRIAL SCANNED DATASETS WITH UAV POINT CLOUDS FOR MINING OPERATIONS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-4-2021 (June 17, 2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2021-129-2021.
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Abstract. Surveyors of open cut mining operations employ multiple data acquisition techniques such as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and GNSS positioning for creating 3D surface models. Surveyors, mine planners and geologists are increasingly combining point cloud datasets to achieve more detailed surface models for the use of material reconciliation and volume calculations. Terrestrial Laser Scanning and UAV photogrammetry have enabled large, accurate and time effective data collection and increased computing capacity enables geospatial professionals to create 3D virtual surfaces, through merging UAV point clouds and TLS data combing with GNSS positioning. This research paper investigates the effects of combining data sets for creating 3D surface models from independent spatial data collection methods such as UAV, TLS and GNSS and assess their accuracy for the purpose of volume calculations in mining operation. 3D surface models provide important information for mining operations, planning of resources, material volumes calculation and financial calculations. A case study of two rehabilitation mine sites in Northern Victoria, Australia was selected for this study. Field data were collected using Terrestrial Laser Scanner and UAV. After each dataset was processed and filtered, the data were merged to create surface models. The accuracy of the combined model was assessed comparing height (Z) values using a fishnet point grid of the surfaces. Volumes between surfaces were calculated, and a cost applied to the results based on the current bulk cubic meter (BCM) haulage rates. The outputs from this study will provide scientific contributions to civil and mining industries where the computation of stockpile values is required.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clouds Australia, Northern"
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Barber, Marcus. "Where the clouds stand Australian Aboriginal relationships to water, place, and the marine environment in Blue Mud Bay, Northern Territory /." Click here for electronic access, 2005. http://adt.caul.edu.au/homesearch/get/?mode=advanced&format=summary&nratt=2&combiner0=and&op0=ss&att1=DC.Identifier&combiner1=and&op1=-sw&prevquery=&att0=DC.Title&val0=Where+the+clouds+stand&val1=NBD%3A&submit=Search.
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Barber, Marcus. "Where the clouds stand: Australian Aboriginal relationships to water, place, and the Marine environment in Blue Mud Bay, Northern Territory." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9708.
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This thesis explores the relationships between people, water, and places in the everyday life of the Yolngu people of Yilpara in northeast Arnhem Land. In the Yolngu world, a sophisticated understanding of the fluid and dynamic relationships between fresh and saltwater is given a greater priority than the division of the coast into land and sea.
These waters are continually moving and mixing, both underground and on the surface,
across an area that stretches from several kilometers inland to the deep sea, and they
combine with clouds, rain, tides, and seasonal patterns in a coastal water cycle. Yolngu people use their understanding of water flows as one basis for generating systems of coastal ownership, whilst water also provides a source of rich and complex metaphors in wider social life.
Describing this coastal water cycle provides the basis for a critique of the way European
topographic maps represent coastal space, and also for a critique of common
formulations of customary marine tenure (CMT). However as a methodological tool, I
use maps to provide a detailed analysis of people's connections to place and as part of a wider examination of how places are generated and sustained. In this way the thesis contributes to anthropology, marine studies, and indigenous studies as well as touching on some issues of coastal geography. The approach I adopt has a phenomenological emphasis, since it enables me to show how Yolngu concepts arise out of and articulate with their experience of living in their environment and of using knowledge in context. This perspective contributes fresh ethnographic insights to some ongoing contemporary debates about people and place. The paired tropes of flow and movement are used as a gloss throughout the work, as each chapter takes a different domain of human life at Yilpara and explores how water, place, and human movement are manifested in it. Such domains include subsistence hunting and fishing, group and gender distinctions in presence on the country, food sharing, memories of residence and travel, personal names, spirits and Dreaming figures, patterns of coastal ownership, and interactions with professional fishermen. Together, they provide an account of the different ways that people relate to water, place and country in contemporary everyday life. ‘Where the Clouds Stand’ is predominantly an ethnographically driven work from one locality, but within that approach, it also explores broader considerations of phenomenology, anthropological
inquiry, and human life more generally.
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Barber, Marcus. "Where the clouds stand: Australian Aboriginal relationships to water, place, and the marine environment in Blue Mud Bay, Northern Territory." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9708.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the relationships between people, water, and places in the everyday life of the Yolngu people of Yilpara in northeast Arnhem Land. In the Yolngu world, a sophisticated understanding of the fluid and dynamic relationships between fresh and saltwater is given a greater priority than the division of the coast into land and sea. These waters are continually moving and mixing, both underground and on the surface, across an area that stretches from several kilometres inland to the deep sea, and they combine with clouds, rain, tides, and seasonal patterns in a coastal water cycle. Yolngu people use their understanding of water flows as one basis for generating systems of coastal ownership, whilst water also provides a source of rich and complex metaphors in wider social life.
Describing this coastal water cycle provides the basis for a critique of the way European topographic maps represent coastal space, and also for a critique of common formulations of customary marine tenure (CMT). However as a methodological tool, I use maps to provide a detailed analysis of people's connections to place and as part of a wider examination of how places are generated and sustained. In this way the thesis contributes to anthropology, marine studies, and indigenous studies as well as touching on some issues of coastal geography. The approach I adopt has a phenomenological emphasis, since it enables me to show how Yolngu concepts arise out of and articulate with their experience of living in their environment and of using knowledge in context. This perspective contributes fresh ethnographic insights to some ongoing contemporary debates about people and place.
The paired tropes of flow and movement are used as a gloss throughout the work, as each chapter takes a different domain of human life at Yilpara and explores how water, place, and human movement are manifested in it. Such domains include subsistence hunting and fishing, group and gender distinctions in presence on the country, food sharing, memories of residence and travel, personal names, spirits and Dreaming figures, patterns of coastal ownership, and interactions with professional fishermen. Together, they provide an account of the different ways that people relate to water, place and country in contemporary everyday life. ‘Where the Clouds Stand’ is predominantly an ethnographically driven work from one locality, but within that approach, it also explores broader considerations of phenomenology, anthropological inquiry, and human life more generally.
Books on the topic "Clouds Australia, Northern"
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Evans, Nicholas. Polysynthesis in Northern Australia. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.19.
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This chapter surveys the polysynthetic languages of northern Australia, across four families in three non-contiguous regions: Gunwinyguan (Arnhem Land), Tiwi (Bathurst and Melville Islands), and Southern and Western Daly (Daly River). All are non-Pama-Nyungan. It contextualizes the more detailed treatments of Dalabon (Ch. 43), Southern and Western Daly (Ch. 44), and the acquisition of Murrinh-patha (Ch. 26) by bringing out the typological similarities and differences in polysynthetic languages, with a particular focus on pathways of change between more and less polysynthetic structures. Australian polysynthetic languages exhibit little morphological fusion, and all are basically templatic. However, there are significant differences in noun and verb incorporation, applicatives and other valency-changing operations, and the degree of subordinating morphology, illustrated by comparing the closely related Dalabon and Bininj Gun-wok. Perhaps the biggest difference is the presence of a bipartite structure in the Southern Daly languages. The chapter closes by surveying the main trajectories by which morphological complexity increases or diminishes in the languages of northern Australia.
Book chapters on the topic "Clouds Australia, Northern"
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Cirincione, Joseph. "The continuing threat of nuclear war." In Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.003.0025.
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The American poet Robert Frost famously mused on whether the world will end in fire or in ice. Nuclear weapons can deliver both. The fire is obvious: modern hydrogen bombs duplicate on the surface of the earth the enormous thermonuclear energies of the Sun, with catastrophic consequences. But it might be a nuclear cold that kills the planet. A nuclear war with as few as 100 hundred weapons exploded in urban cores could blanket the Earth in smoke, ushering in a years-long nuclear winter, with global droughts and massive crop failures. The nuclear age is now entering its seventh decade. For most of these years, citizens and officials lived with the constant fear that long-range bombers and ballistic missiles would bring instant, total destruction to the United States, the Soviet Union, many other nations, and, perhaps, the entire planet. Fifty years ago, Nevil Shute’s best-selling novel, On the Beach, portrayed the terror of survivors as they awaited the radioactive clouds drifting to Australia from a northern hemisphere nuclear war. There were then some 7000 nuclear weapons in the world, with the United States outnumbering the Soviet Union 10 to 1. By the 1980s, the nuclear danger had grown to grotesque proportions. When Jonathan Schell’s chilling book, The Fate of the Earth, was published in 1982, there were then almost 60,000 nuclear weapons stockpiled with a destructive force equal to roughly 20,000 megatons (20 billion tons) of TNT, or over 1 million times the power of the Hiroshima bomb. President Ronald Reagan’s ‘Star Wars’ anti-missile system was supposed to defeat a first-wave attack of some 5000 Soviet SS-18 and SS-19 missile warheads streaking over the North Pole. ‘These bombs’, Schell wrote, ‘were built as “weapons” for “war”, but their significance greatly transcends war and all its causes and outcomes. They grew out of history, yet they threaten to end history. They were made by men, yet they threaten to annihilate man’.