Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)

Academic literature on the topic 'Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)"

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Adhikari, Sushil. "Clostridium Difficile." Nepalese Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v1i1.20400.

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Clostridium difficile ; a group of spore forming, toxin forming, gram positive anerobel is implicated in hospital associated diarrhea and is the causative agent of infectious diarrhea. It is the most common hospital associated infection in Europe and North America, and is presumed to be as prevalent in the rest of the world.There has been emergence of new virulent strain of C. difficile, identified as BI, NAP1, and toxinotype III and ribotype 027 (subsequently known as BI/NAP1/027) by various typing method in recent years, implicated in dramatic increase in C. difficile infections.Diagnosis is established by presence of C. difficile toxin or C. difficile toxin gene in stool. Lab testing does not distinguish C. difficile infection and asymptomatic carriage. Clinical suspicion and positive stool study confirms a diagnosis.Clostridium Difficile infection, is most common health care associated infection in Europe and North America, and the available studies show it may have similar prevalence in Nepal. Literature review does not reveal any significant study being conducted in Nepal as of now. It warrants further study to exactly determine the incidence/prevalence and its impact in current health care in Nepal. Clinicians need increased awareness and prompt diagnosis to reduce morbidity and further prevention of transmission.Nepalese Medical Journal, vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 43-47
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Johnson, S. "Clostridium difficile Toxins and Severe C. difficile Infection." Journal of Infectious Diseases 205, no. 3 (December 5, 2011): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir752.

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Hossain, M., TJ Crook, and SR Keoghane. "Clostridium Difficile in Urology." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, no. 1 (January 2008): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588408x242358.

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INTRODUCTION The objective was to determine the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in a UK urology ward from 2000 to 2005, and correlate and compare the data with other specialty wards and national figures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Urology patients with a positive stool culture for C. difficile between 2000 and 2005 were identified from a hospital database. The medical records of these patients were reviewed and data such as antibiotic use, urological diagnosis and elective/emergency status of the patient were recorded and analysed. The number of C. difficile cases on an elderly care ward, an acute medical ward and an acute surgical ward were also recorded for this period. Data on the number of admissions and occupied bed-days on all 4 wards were compared. RESULTS There were 33 cases of C. difficile on the urology ward between 2000 and 2005. The incidence of this infection varied between 10.2 and 48.4 cases per 10,000 patient episodes (mean 21.0). There was a significant difference between the number of C. difficile cases per 1000 patient days between the urology ward and the acute medical ward (P = 0.002) and the elderly care ward (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence to suggest that there has been an increase in the incidence of C. difficile in a UK urology ward. The rates on the urology ward were lower than the national average, and significantly lower than those rates on an acute medical ward and an elderly care ward. There is a 0.21% chance of a patient testing positive for C. difficile during their stay on a urology ward.
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Itoh, K., W. K. Lee, H. Kawamura, T. Mitsuoka, and T. Magaribuchi. "Intestinal bacteria antagonistic to Clostridium difficile in mice." Laboratory Animals 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367787780740662.

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Overgrowth by Clostridium difficile has been reported in conventional mice injected intraperitoneally with ampicillin. In this study, we aimed to determine which types of indigenous intestinal bacteria were eliminated by ampicillin to allow overgrowth by C. difficile C. difficile overgrowth was associated with a decrease in the numbers of lactobacilli, an increase in bacteroidaceae and a slight decrease in the frequency of isolation of fusiform-shaped bacteria (clostridia). C. difficile cytotoxin was detected in caeca from mice in which the numbers of C. difficile were greater than 105 per gram of faeces. Gnotobiotic mice were inoculated with various groups of intestinal anaerobes to determine which members of the indigenous flora would antagonize C. difficile. Gnotobiotic mice inoculated with three strains of lactobacilli, 37 strains of bacteroides or 46 strains of clostridia isolated from limited-flora mice were unable to eliminate C. difficile. C. difficile was eliminated, however, from the gastrointestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice inoculated with whole faeces or chloroform-treated faeces from conventional mice or whole faeces from limited-flora mice containing only clostridia.
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Stein, R. B. "Clostridium difficile Toxoid Vaccine in Recurrent C. difficile–Associated Diarrhea." Yearbook of Gastroenterology 2006 (January 2006): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0739-5930(08)70370-2.

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Sougioultzis, Stavros, Lorraine Kyne, Denise Drudy, Sarah Keates, Seema Maroo, Charalabos Pothoulakis, Paul J. Giannasca, et al. "Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccine in recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea." Gastroenterology 128, no. 3 (March 2005): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.004.

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Mohamed, Abdalla, Vanessa Sostre, Hiren Patel, Prem Patel, Luis C. Ortiz, and Walid J. Baddoura. "Clostridium difficile Causing Empyema." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 12, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493184.

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Extraintestinal Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is extremely uncommon. High mortality and poor outcomes have been observed among individuals with this rare medical condition. Empyema is one of the extraintestinal manifestations of CDI. Possible mechanisms to develop this parapneumonic effusion are aspiration and contamination of the chest tube. We present a 42-year-old Hispanic male with C. difficile empyema without any prior history of CDI.
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Androga, Grace O., Alan M. McGovern, Briony Elliott, Barbara J. Chang, Timothy T. Perkins, Niki F. Foster, and Thomas V. Riley. "Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert C. difficile/Epiand Meridian Bioscienceillumigene C. difficile Assays for Detecting Clostridium difficile Ribotype 033 Strains." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 3 (December 17, 2014): 973–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03297-14.

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Clostridium difficilePCR ribotype 033 (RT033) is found in the gastrointestinal tracts of production animals and, occasionally, humans. TheillumigeneC. difficileassay (Meridian Bioscience, Inc.) failed to detect any of 52C. difficileRT033 isolates, while all strains signaled positive for the binary toxin genes but were reported as negative forC. difficileby the XpertC. difficile/Epiassay (Cepheid).
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Sanghi, P., A. Oates, and A. K. Scott. "Antibiotic Policy and Clostridium Difficile." Age and Ageing 24, suppl 1 (January 1, 1995): P27—P28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.suppl_1.p27-c.

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Bartlett, John G. "Detection of Clostridium difficile Infection." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, S1 (November 2010): S35—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655999.

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There has been a recent surge of interest in Clostridium difficile infection, which reflects an impressive increase in the number and severity of these infections. This review addresses some of the newer methods for detection of C. difficile infection at the bedside and in the laboratory. Particularly important are the new rapid diagnostic tests that detect toxigenic C. difficile using polymerase chain reaction and the combination tests that, either simultaneously or sequentially, screen for C. difficile and test for toxins A and B. It is expected that these new testing methods will largely supplant the enzyme immunoassays for toxins, which are used by most laboratories, departments, and divisions. The present goal is to combine clinical, laboratory, and animal research related to C. difficile that reflects issues that are considered to be major contemporary challenges. Among this work is the pursuit of studies of immune mechanisms to better control this disease.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)"

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Hecker, Kim Ione. "Bleach-It-Away Clostridium difficile." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5471.

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Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are infections patients contract as a result of being hospitalized. HAI rates decreased for almost all pathogens in the past few years, with the exception of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs), which have been steadily climbing, placing hospital-acquired CDI at the top of the HAI list. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported in 2010 almost a half a million people were infected with CDIs yearly in the United States, and CDIs claimed the lives of approximately 29,000 people, representing a 4-fold increase from 1993. To address the problem in the local hospital, a quality improvement initiative called Bleach-It-Away was initiated. The initiative involved nurses wiping down the high touch areas in the patient's medical intensive care (MICU) rooms once every shift. The purpose of this quantitative research project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Bleach-It-Away practice. The project question asked if the Bleach-It-Away practice was effective in reducing CDI rates. Deidentified CDI rates were provided by the clinical practice site covering a period of 12 months prior to implementation and 12 months after implementation of the practice. An independent t-test was used to determine whether there were significant improvements in CDI rates in the MICU. No significant improvement was seen in the postimplementation total CDI rates (p=.07) compared to the preimplementation rates. While the process did not demonstrate a significant improvement, positive social change is possible as hospitals recognize the many factors contributing to CDIs and the need for collaboration from various disciplines to control the problem.
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Maulner, Stéphanie. "Les endolysines de Clostridium difficile : Potentiel thérapeutique pour traiter les infections à C. difficile (ICD)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4059.

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Clostridium difficile, un bacille à Gram positif anaérobie strict qui forme des spores, est un pathogène opportuniste responsable de simples diarrhées ou de colites pseudomembraneuses qui peuvent provoquer la mort. Le traitement de base réside en l'arrêt des antibiotiques qui ont détruit la flore de l'hôte et provoqué les symptômes, ou en la prescription de vancomycine et/ou de métronidazole. Malheureusement, l'efficacité de ces antibiotiques est variable et le nombre de rechutes est élevé. En outre, de plus en plus de souches deviennent résistantes aux antibiotiques. C'est pour cette raison qu'un besoin d'alternatives thérapeutiques s'est fait ressentir. Une des approches prometteuses est l'utilisation des endolysines, qui sont des enzymes hydrolytiques encodées par les bactériophages et qui se sont déjà révélées être efficaces contre plusieurs bactéries à Gram positif. Dans cette étude, nous avons démontré l'activité lytique d'endolysines encodées par des phages de Clostridium difficile sur des cellules vivantes. Différentes endolysines ont été clonées dans E. coli, exprimées et purifiées, puis leur activité a été vérifiée de plusieurs manières. Certains facteurs biochimiques propres à ces enzymes ont été étudiés, tels que les cofacteurs nécessaires pour une meilleure activité lytique, le pH optimal et le spectre d'efficacité sur différentes souches bactériennes. Finalement, l'étude de ces enzymes comme outil de diagnostic ou de biologie moléculaire est abordée. Les résultats de nos travaux indiquent que les endolysines PlyCD52 et PlyCD38-2 de C. difficile possèdent une faible activité lytique. L'activité des endolysines n'est pas influencée par les cofacteurs Tween 0,5%, Triton 0,1%, MgCl[indice inférieur 2] contrairement à l'EDTA qui inhibe celle-ci. Le pH optimum semble être compris entre 7 et 8,5 et ces enzymes agissent sur différentes souches de C. difficile à l'exception de la souche CD630. Malgré ces résultats encourageants, des travaux supplémentaires seront nécessaires afin de stabiliser les enzymes qui ont une forte tendance à précipiter et d'obtenir une meilleure activité.
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Taibi, Fatima. "Études des riborégulateurs c-di-GMP chez Clostridium difficile." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8785.

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Chez une bactérie, la régulation de l’expression génétique est essentielle afin de maintenir l’équilibre, s’assurer du bon fonctionnement des processus cellulaires et mieux s’adapter aux changements environnementaux. Elle peut s’effectuer à plusieurs niveaux (la transcription, la traduction et la synthèse ou la dégradation des protéines), et par le bais de différents mécanismes, dont les protéines, font le plus grand part de cette régulation. Cependant, au début des années 2000, une découverte fascinante a mis en évidence un nouveau mécanisme de régulation dont l’ARN est l’acteur principal. Ce sont les riborégulateurs (riboswitches). Ces derniers sont localisés dans la partie non traduite de certains ARNmessagers (ARNm) et capable de lier un ligand spécifique sans l’intervention des protéines, afin de réguler l’expression génique du gène d’intérêt. Aujourd’hui, plusieurs familles de riborégulateurs sont caractérisées, entre autres les riborégulateurs c-di-GMP. Ces derniers sont présents chez plusieurs espèces bactériennes notamment les bactéries pathogènes telles que Clostridium difficile, une bactérie nosocomiale opportuniste qui a causé des problèmes majeurs durant les dernières années, vu sa multirésistance aux antibiotiques. Le séquençage de son génome a révélé la présence de 66 riborégulateurs dont 16 sont des riborégulateurs c-di-GMP. Il a été proposé que parmi ces derniers, certains régulent l’expression des gènes impliqués dans deux phénotypes essentiels chez C. difficile : la motilité et la formation du biofilm. La présente étude porte sur la caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de deux riborégulateurs c-di-GMP chez le C. difficile, le Cdi1-1 et Cdi1-12, qui se trouvent en amont du gène CD1990 et le gène CD2830 (ZmpI) respectivement. Au début, nous avons prédit les deux structures liées (en présence du ligand) et non liées (en absence du ligand). Nous avons ainsi démontré qu’un des deux riborégulateurs (Cdi1-12) est fonctionnel et capable de lier le c-di-GMP in vitro. Ensuite, nous avons caractérisé les changements structuraux potentiels lors de l’interaction riborégulateur Cdi1-12/ligand. Nous avons également caractérisé le mécanisme de régulation en cis du riborégulateur Cdi1-12 in vitro et nous avons constaté que c’est un riborégulateur transcriptionnel Rho-indépendant. À la fin de notre étude, nous avons confirmé le mode de régulation de ce riborégulateur in vivo dans la bactérie modèle Bacillus subtilis.
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Sundström, Joakim. "Clostridium difficile – ett växande problem : Om sjuksköterskans arbete för att förebygga spridning av C. difficile i slutenvården." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för omvårdnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-20170.

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Van, Tyle Kendall M. "The Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile: Description of Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) Following a Formulary Change From Levofloxacin to Gatifloxacin." The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624511.

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Background: The processes’ underlying a recent rise in the rate of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) at the Southern Arizona Veterans Administration Health Care System (SAVAHS) is unclear. Past changes to formulary in workhorse oral flouroquinolone from levofloxacin to gatifloxacin are under scrutiny. An infection-control component was also possible. Methods: 142 patients suspected of having CDAD had stool specimens submitted for toxin assay from late July to late Oct of 2004. A retrospective chart review was performed using the Veterans Administration Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS) to examine total antibiotic use in the three months prior to having specimens submitted for laboratory toxin analysis. A subset-analysis was performed on 100 specimens submitted for toxin analysis. Parallel culture was performed and 9 isolates of C. difficile were obtained for molecular analysis and fingerprinting. Results: Of the 142 patients sampled, 20 tested positive for C. difficile toxin with the remaining 122 patients testing negative. Antibiotic usage was categorized by total antibiotic use and gatifloxacin use. 98 patients received at least 1 antibiotic within the preceding 3 months with 44 patients receiving no antibiotic therapy of any kind. Of the 98 patients that received antibiotic therapy, 44 received gatifloxacin, however, all of these patients also received at least one other antibiotic. Of the nine isolates fingerprinted, two distinct genetic clusters were identified.
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Wroe, Allison J. "Immune response to Clostridium difficile infection and an investigation of the mechanisms of moxifloxacin resistance in clinical C. difficile isolates." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4452.

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Clostridium difficile is an increasingly common cause of nosocomial infection. C. difficile infection (CDI) presents as a spectrum ranging from asymptomatic carriage to mild diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and intestinal perforation. It is not yet fully understood why this spectrum is seen, however, it is believed that the immune response mounted by an individual plays an important role in determining the outcome of infection. This thesis comprises three studies. Firstly, a comparative study of immune cell populations within the lamina propria of colonic tissue not exhibiting pathological changes and taken from individuals with symptomatic CDI (cases); asymptomatic carriers; and non-colonised controls. Effector T cells, B cells, plasma cells and macrophages were enumerated by means of immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. Secondly, a study to establish the prevalence within these three study groups of specific host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR2, TLR5 and IL-8 genes by PCR genotyping and to determine whether an association existed between these genotypes and susceptibility to CDI. Thirdly, an examination of the mechanisms of moxifloxacin resistance in a collection of clinical isolates. This study also sought to determine whether the competitive advantage conferred by resistance to moxifloxacin influenced the fitness of C. difficile isolates, in particular growth and the expression of the virulence factors toxins A and B. Carriers were found to have fewer of all four immune cell types quantified than both cases and controls. However, in only one instance, that of plasma cells, was this difference statistically significant. Cases had fewer of all cell types than controls but these differences were not significant. These findings suggest that individuals who become infected, both symptomatically and asymptomatically, with C. difficile display altered mucosal immune cell populations when compared with those of uninfected individuals. The data regarding host polymorphisms are suggestive of an association between the presence of SNPs and increased susceptibility to CDI. The variant IL-8 and TLR2 genotypes were carried by cases and carriers while the variant TLR5 genotype was carried by cases only. No variant genotypes were present in control subjects. All moxifloxacin resistant isolates characterised in this study, with the exception of an isolate with intermediate resistance and a third-generation mutant with reduced susceptibility, carried the common gyrA mutation ACT→ATT (Thr82→Ile). Efflux pumps are known to play a role in multi-drug resistance in many bacterial species. Semiquantitative PCR analysis of expression of the putative efflux pumps cme and cdeA found no correlation between overexpression and moxifloxacin resistance, suggesting that these genes do not play a role. Three novel mutations in the putative promoter region of CD3197, a MerR family transcriptional regulator found immediately upstream of cme, were identified. No association between the presence of these mutations and overexpression of cme or resistance or sensitivity to moxifloxacin was found. The competitive advantage conferred by resistance to moxifloxacin does not influence the fitness of C. difficile isolates, as measured in terms of growth and toxin production.
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Shaw, Claire M. "Inactivation of Clostridium difficile spores in the healthcare environment using hydrogen peroxide vapour." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12460.

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Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) cost the National Health Service (NHS) in England in excess of £1 billion per year. One of the main HAIs is caused by the endospore-forming bacterium Clostridium difficile. The most common cause of healthcare-acquired diarrhoea in the developed world, C. difficile was responsible for around 850 deaths in England and Wales in 2011. To help reduce the spread of the HAI-causing bacteria, terminal disinfection of isolation rooms and wards using hydrogen peroxide vapour is actively promoted. The key advantages of hydrogen peroxide vapour are its high oxidation potential which has been reported to inactivate bacteria, fungi and spores. An additional advantage of hydrogen peroxide vapour is that it is relatively environmentally friendly, breaking down into oxygen and water. Investigation into bacterial inactivation kinetics was undertaken at controlled, steady concentrations of hydrogen peroxide vapour in the range of 10 ppm to 90 ppm. An exposure chamber was designed whereby the bacterial spores could be exposed to constant concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for various exposure times. Bacterial spores (1-log10 to 8-log10 cfu) were filter deposited onto membranes to achieve an even layer for consistent exposure of the hydrogen peroxide vapour to the spores. Bacillus subtilis is often used for method development in bacterial studies; advantages are it has been shown to be highly resistant to hydrogen peroxide vapour and is not a human pathogen. Following the method development, different strains of C. difficile (ribotypes 014, 027, 103 and 220) were exposed to identify differences in resistance. Inactivation models (Chick-Watson, Series-Event, Weibull and Baranyi) were used to fit the data generated using the environmental chamber. Decimal reduction values (D-values) were calculated from the models for comparative studies regarding the inactivation achieved for the different bacteria and different hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The findings from this thesis revealed the Weibull model provides the best fit for most of the data. An initial shoulder period was identified for B. subtilis which was absent for C. difficile inactivation by hydrogen peroxide vapour; B. subtilis is therefore more resistant to hydrogen peroxide disinfection than C. difficile. Typical D-values for B. subtilis and C. difficile when exposed to hydrogen peroxide vapour at a concentration of 90 ppm were 140 and 1 min, respectively. C. difficile inactivation data were used to develop a model to estimate the log reduction that could be achieved during an inactivation cycle based on the concentration-time integral ( ). This model could be used to estimate the log reduction of commercially available hydrogen peroxide decontamination systems; these release a fixed amount of hydrogen peroxide into the room resulting in a peak concentration before decomposition to oxygen and water. Releasing the hydrogen peroxide into the room in this manner results in spatial and temporal variation; this could result in differences in bacterial inactivation in different areas within the room. Using the aforementioned regression model, the inactivation achieved at all locations within the room could be predicted, which could be used to optimise the current hydrogen peroxide decontamination cycles.
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Stehmer, Theresa, and Jackie Campbell. "Evaluation of combination therapy for Clostridium difficile infections at an academic hospital." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623589.

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Specific Aims: The incidence of non-response, recurrence, relapse, and rate of complications of Clostridium difficile infections treated with combination of metronidazole and vancomycin versus vancomycin or metronidazole alone over a one-year period by treatment and strain type (i.e. NAP1/BI/027) were evaluated. The incidence of mortality in patients with moderate to severe Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea prescribed metronidazole, vancomycin, or combination metronidazole plus vancomycin as initial therapy was also determined. Additionally, significant factors associated with the use of combination vancomycin-metronidazole as initial therapy for moderate to severe CDAD were characterized. Methods: T This retrospective medical record review has been approved by the Institutional Review Board. Adult patients with stool specimens tested for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin B by PCR between April 2010 and March 2011 at a tertiary care, academic medical center were evaluated. Patients were included in the study if diagnosed with moderate to severe disease and received either monotherapy with metronidazole, monotherapy with oral vancomycin, or combination therapy with metronidazole and oral vancomycin for at least 80% of the first 10 days of treatment. Patients who are discharged alive within 72 hours of admission or who received therapy for less than 48 hours were excluded. Main Results: All patients (N=411) with laboratory evidence of Clostridium difficile during the study time period were evaluated. A total of 26 subjects who received oral vancomycin monotherapy and 56 subjects who received oral vancomycin along with metronidazole for at least 80% of the first 10 days of treatment were identified. Of the subjects who received oral vancomycin monotherapy during the first ten days of therapy, 5 (19%) were classified has a treatment failure or died within the first 21 days of therapy and 5 (19%) had either a recurrence or reappearance of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea between 22 and 65 days post start of therapy. Of the subjects who received a combination of oral vancomycin and metronidazole during the first 10 days of therapy, 14 (25%) were classified has a treatment failure or died within the first 21 days of therapy and 22 (39%) had either a recurrence or reappearance of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea between 22 and 65 days post start of therapy. In the combination therapy group, 5 (9%) were reported to have an ileus, toxic megacolon, or necrotic bowel during the first 10 days of therapy. Conclusions: In this study, the subjects who received a combination of oral vancomycin and metronidazole had higher rates of clinical failure, death, and recurrence than subjects who received monotherapy. Current guideline statements recommend combination therapy only in patients with an ileus with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
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Feliciano, Lisa. "Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI): Use of Preventive Bundle to Decrease CDI Incidences." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5188.

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The challenge of combating Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) is a major problem within many health care organizations as CDI adds to the cost of care and is an uncomfortable and sometimes fatal complication of hospitalization for the patient. The practice-focused question for this doctoral project was targeted at patients in hospital settings on a medical surgical floor and asked if clostridium difficile preventive bundles reduce the incidence of CDI compared with nonstandardized preventative methods. Using the plan-do-study-act framework, the purpose of this DNP project was to use a clostridium difficile bundle approach to study the effects of clostridium difficile incidence (CDI) decrease on a medical-surgical unit with high CDI incidences. Standardized environmental cleaning practices resulted in improvement of the patient environment. High-touch cleaning improved from 43.7% to 83.3%. Time between CDI events lengthened from 19.9 days to 30.2, environmental cleaning with the use of Dazo auditing improved from 33.4% to 81.6%, isolation practices improved from 62.7% to 90%, and with the implementation of the nurse-driven CD testing protocol, unnecessary testing improved. Results showed that the CDI incidence on an acute care medical surgical unit was reduced through the use of a clostridium difficile preventive bundle in this DNP project. Reducing the incidence of CDI is a significant contribution to social change as this unwanted complication of hospitalization causes discomfort and pain and adds unnecessary cost to health care.
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Soavelomandroso, Anna P., Françoise Gaudin, Sandra Hoys, Valérie Nicolas, Gayatri Vedantam, Claire Janoir, and Sylvie Bouttier. "Biofilm Structures in a Mono-Associated Mouse Model of Clostridium difficile Infection." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626057.

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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major healthcare-associated disease with high recurrence rates. Host colonization is critical for the infectious process, both in first episodes and in recurrent disease, with biofilm formation playing a key role. The ability of C. difficile to form a biofilm on abiotic surfaces is established, but has not yet been confirmed in the intestinal tract. Here, four different isolates of C. difficile, which are in vitro biofilm producers, were studied for their ability to colonize germ-free mice. The level of colonization achieved was similar for all isolates in the different parts of the murine gastrointestinal tract, but pathogen burden was higher in the cecum and colon. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that C. difficile bacteria were distributed heterogeneously over the intestinal tissue, without contact with epithelial cells. The R20291 strain, which belongs to the Ribotype 027 lineage, displayed a unique behavior compared to the other strains by forming numerous aggregates. By immunochemistry analyses, we showed that bacteria were localized inside and outside the mucus layer, irrespective of the strains tested. Most bacteria were entrapped in 3-D structures overlaying the mucus layer. For the R20291 strain, the cell-wall associated polysaccharide PS-II was detected in large amounts in the 3-D structure. As this component has been detected in the extrapolymeric matrix of in vitro C. difficile biofilms, our data suggest strongly that at least the R20291 strain is organized in the mono-associated mouse model in glycan-rich biofilm architecture, which sustainably maintains bacteria outside the mucus layer.
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Books on the topic "Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)"

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C. difficile treatments & remedies your doctor isn't telling you. Port Townsend, WA: Embrace Health, 2014.

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Roberts, Adam P., and Peter Mullany, eds. Clostridium difficile. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6361-4.

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Aktories, Klaus, and Tracy D. Wilkins, eds. Clostridium difficile. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06272-2.

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Mullany, Peter, and Adam P. Roberts, eds. Clostridium difficile. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-365-7.

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Clostridium difficile: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana Press, 2010.

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Crowley, Dolores. Cloning virulence factors of clostridium difficile. [S.l: The Author], 1991.

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Mastrantonio, Paola, and Maja Rupnik, eds. Updates on Clostridium difficile in Europe. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72799-8.

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Dubberke, Erik R. Contemporary diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile infection. Newtown, Pa: Handbooks in Health Care Co., 2011.

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Chopra, Teena, ed. Clostridium Difficile Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29772-5.

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Ketley, Julian Mark. Studies on toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)"

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Gerding, Dale N., and Stuart Johnson. "Clostridium difficile." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 243–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5327-4_13.

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Coia, John, and Heather Cubie. "Clostridium difficile." In The Immunoassay Kit Directory, 679–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0359-3_7.

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Gale, Alexa R., and Matthew Wilson. "Clostridium Difficile." In Gastrointestinal Emergencies, 353–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98343-1_101.

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Schütt-Gerowitt, Heidi. "Clostridium difficile." In Lexikon der Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen, 175–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39026-8_199.

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Wilcox, Mark H. "Clostridium difficile." In Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology, 557–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470017968.ch46.

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Friedman, Gerald. "Clostridium difficile." In Mount Sinai Expert Guides, 411–21. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118932759.ch39.

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Gerding, Dale N., and Stuart Johnson. "Clostridium difficile." In Bacterial Infections of Humans, 273–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09843-2_13.

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Magdesian, K. Gary. "Clostridium difficile." In Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics, 197–201. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118922798.ch35.

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Andersen, Bjørg Marit. "Clostridium difficile." In Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals, 755–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0_53.

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Vely, Aela P., and Paula Ferrada. "Clostridium difficile Infection." In Emergency General Surgery, 277–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96286-3_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)"

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Amarante, Victor Santos do, ISABELA MACEDO DOS SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA, RODRIGO OTÁVIO SILVEIRA SILVA, KELLYANNE DOS ANJOS CARVALHO, and CARLOS AUGUSTO DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR. "AVALIAÇÃO DE SALMONELLA SPP., CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE E ANCYLOSTOMA SPP. EM FEZES DE CÃES DE MUNICÍPIO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO." In II Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conamic/58.

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Introdução: Os animais domésticos são colonizados por uma extensa diversidade de microrganismos e inúmeros fatores contribuem para a mudança no perfil desses microrganismos, possibilitando a ocorrência de desordens gastrointestinais. Alguns desses patógenos são potencialmente zoonóticos, podendo ser encontrados em animais hígidos ou diarreicos e possuindo importante apelo para a saúde única. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de Salmonella spp., Clostridium difficile e Ancylostoma spp. em cães no município de Barra (BA). Material e Métodos: Para tal, foram coletadas fezes de 40 cães diarreicos ou não diarreicos. Para a detecção de Salmonella spp., foi realizado isolamento em caldo tetrationato e ágar Hektoen, seguido de identificação de gênero por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Para o isolamento de C. difficile, foi realizada a diluição da amostra em álcool 70 °GL e plaqueamento em ágar Müller-Hinton suplementado com taurocolate e identificação por PCR. Para a detecção de ovos de Ancylostoma, as fezes foram submetidas ao método de Faust e à técnica de centrifugação simples, seguida de observação morfológica em microscópio. Foi realizado um questionário epidemiológico com os tutores dos animais, a fim de identificar fatores de risco para a ocorrência de diarreia e/ou presença dos patógenos. Resultados: Entre os animais avaliados, foi detectada a presença de Salmonella sp. em 12,5% e Ancylostoma em outros 12,5%. Todas as amostras foram negativas para C. difficile. A infecção por Ancylostoma spp. em cães foi associada a ausência de vermifugação por mais de 12 meses e ao maior ressecamento das fezes. Em relação a Salmonella, a chance de detectá-la em animais com idade inferior a 2 anos foi 2,3 maior que em animais mais velhos, e a chance de um animal carreador de Salmonella apresentar diarreia foi mais de 5 vezes maior do que animais sem o patógeno. Conclusão: Ainda foi demonstrado que animais com uma dieta a base de alimentos crus e que possuíam contato com outros animais tinham maiores chances de terem episódios pregressos de diarreia. Os tutores devem ter atenção especial em relação à alimentação e manejo sanitário dos animais, principalmente no que se refere à ocorrência de microrganismos zoonóticos, que oferecem risco à saúde única.
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Lipman, L. J. A., N. E. M. Hopman, and E. C. Keessen. "Clostridium difficile in a farrowing pen." In Ninth International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-624.

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Berhane, F., L. Leys, L. Moeng, A. Thomas, and V. Poddar. "Atypical Presentation of Clostridium Difficile Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a6921.

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Cama, Valeria, Luisa Pieragostini, Giovanna Fontanelli, Maria Rosa Velletri, and Calafiore Mariarosa. "P387 Clostridium difficile severe infection in a newborn." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.733.

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Matos, Eduarda Syhara Rocha, Costa, D.V.S., Martins, C.S., Oliveira, L.C., Silva, A.M.H.P., Martins, D.S., Pimentel, P.V.S., and Brito, G.A.C. "Alterações neuroimunes induzidas por toxinas do Clostridium difficile." In II Encontro do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Ceará e I Simpósio Norte-Nordeste de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Fortaleza - CE, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/ppgcf-2017-64895.

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Thompson, Theresa, and Jay Pasquantonio. "High-intensity UV LED inactivation of Clostridium difficile spores." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2019, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2507993.

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Harvey, Roger B., Keri N. Norman, Kathleen Andrews, Bo Norby, Michael E. Hume, and H. Morgan Scott. "Clostridium difficile in pork and retail meat in Texas." In Ninth International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-620.

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Prohaska, C., and M. F. Ragland. "A Toxic Combination: Clostridium Difficile Infection Leading to Miscarriage." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6573.

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Rabold, D., A. Schellin, J. Brombach, K. Teske, H. Pischon, L. Mundhenk, M. Fulde, C. Seyboldt, and A. Lübke-Becker. "Reptilien: Ein bislang unterschätztes zoonotisches Risiko für Clostridium difficile-Infektionen?" In 62. Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Pathologie der Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen Gesellschaft. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688596.

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Harvey, Roger B., K. Norman, M. Hume, K. Andrews, H. Scott, B. Norby, C. Scanlan, Robin C. Anderson, and David J. Nisbet. "Survey of Clostridium difficile in Food Animals and Retail Meats." In Eighth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-884.

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Reports on the topic "Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)"

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Muldrow, Lycurgus L., and Joe Johnson. Genetic Engineering of Clostridium Difficile Toxin A Vaccine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada242265.

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Muldrow, Lycurgus L., and Joe Johnson. Genetic Engineering of Clostridium Difficile Toxin a Vaccine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230411.

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Neumann, Charlotte, and Uzo Chukwuma. Clostridium difficile Infection in the Department of Defense (DOD): 2007-2013. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618664.

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Giesen, Christine, Angélica Ortega-Torres, Inmaculada López-Carrillo, Laura López-Vázquez, Carmen María Saa-Requejo, and Cristine García-Fernández. Evolución de la Detección de Clostridium Difficile en un Hospital de Segundo Nivel en Madrid, 2019-2021. Peeref, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2209p4674900.

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Ciapponi, Agustín. What is the effectiveness of interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1610132.

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In-hospital infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile are associated with higher rates of death, illness and prolonged hospital stay which is a serious problem for patients and healthcare systems. These infections occur because antibiotics are used too often and incorrectly.
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Michel, Jeremy, Emilia Flores, Nikhil Mull, and Amy Y. Tsou. Translation of a C. difficile Treatment Clinical Pathway Into Machine-Readable Clinical Decision Support Artifacts Prototyped for Electronic Health Record Integration. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethqualimprcdiff.

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Faecal transplant effectively treats recurrent or unresponsive Clostridium difficile. National Institute for Health Research, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000506.

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