Academic literature on the topic 'Clone composition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Clone composition"
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Cottrell, Matthew T., and David L. Kirchman. "Community Composition of Marine Bacterioplankton Determined by 16S rRNA Gene Clone Libraries and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 5116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.12.5116-5122.2000.
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ABSTRACT We determined the compositions of bacterioplankton communities in surface waters of coastal California using clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in order to compare the community structures inferred from these two culture-independent approaches. The compositions of two clone libraries were quite similar to those of clone libraries of marine bacterioplankton examined by previous studies. Clones from γ-proteobacteria comprised ca. 28% of the libraries, while approximately 55% of the clones came from α-proteobacteria, which dominated the clone libraries. TheCytophaga-Flavobacter group and three others each comprised 10% or fewer of the clone libraries. The community composition determined by FISH differed substantially from the composition implied by the clone libraries. The Cytophaga-Flavobacter group dominated 8 of the 11 communities assayed by FISH, including the two communities assayed using clone libraries. On average only 10% of DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained bacteria were detected by FISH with a probe for α-proteobacteria, but 30% of DAPI-stained bacteria appeared to be in the Cytophaga-Flavobacter group as determined by FISH. α-Proteobacteria were greatly overrepresented in clone libraries compared to their relative abundance determined by FISH, while the Cytophaga-Flavobacter group was underrepresented in clone libraries. Our data show that theCytophaga-Flavobacter group can be a numerically dominant component of coastal marine bacterioplankton communities.
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Bano, Nasreen, and James T. Hollibaugh. "Phylogenetic Composition of Bacterioplankton Assemblages from the Arctic Ocean." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 2 (February 2002): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.2.505-518.2002.
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ABSTRACT We analyzed the phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton assemblages in 11 Arctic Ocean samples collected over three seasons (winter-spring 1995, summer 1996, and summer-fall 1997) by sequencing cloned fragments of 16S rRNA genes. The sequencing effort was directed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) screening of samples and the clone libraries. Sequences of 88 clones fell into seven major lineages of the domain Bacteria: α (36%)-, γ (32%)-, δ (14%)-, and ε (1%)-Proteobacteria; Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides spp. (9%); Verrucomicrobium spp. (6%); and green nonsulfur bacteria (2%). A total of 34% of the cloned sequences (excluding clones in the SAR11 and Roseobacter groups) had sequence similarities that were <94% compared to previously reported sequences, indicating the presence of novel sequences. DGGE fingerprints of the selected samples showed that most of the bands were common to all samples in all three seasons. However, additional bands representing sequences related to Cytophaga and Polaribacter species were found in samples collected during the summer and fall. Of the clones in a library generated from one sample collected in spring of 1995, 50% were the same and were most closely affiliated (99% similarity) with Alteromonas macleodii, while 50% of the clones in another sample were most closely affiliated (90 to 96% similarity) with Oceanospirillum sp. The majority of the cloned sequences were most closely related to uncultured, environmental sequences. Prominent among these were members of the SAR11 group. Differences between mixed-layer and halocline samples were apparent in DGGE fingerprints and clone libraries. Sequences related to α-Proteobacteria (dominated by SAR11) were abundant (52%) in samples from the mixed layer, while sequences related to γ-proteobacteria were more abundant (44%) in halocline samples. Two bands corresponding to sequences related to SAR307 (common in deep water) and the high-G+C gram-positive bacteria were characteristic of the halocline samples.
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Yoncheva, Tatyana, and Zdravko Nakov. "Comparative Technological Characteristic of the Aligote 61-6 and Aligote N 10 Clones, Cultivated in the Soil and Climatic Conditions of the Region of Pleven." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 23, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2020-0007.
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AbstractIn the period 2011–2013 a technological characteristic of the Ukrainian clone Aligote 61-6 was made at the Institute of Viticulture and Enology – Pleven. The Bulgarian candidate-clone Aligote N 10 was used for control. During the grapes ripening, the dynamics of sugar accumulation was monitored. Upon technological maturity the indicators of the yields were accounted and mechanical analysis was performed. The chemical composition of the must, the obtained wines and their organoleptic qualities were analyzed. In its mechanical composition, Aligote 61-6 was typically wine one and it did not differ significantly in the texture and structure of the cluster and berry from the control. The theoretical yield of both clones was high. They exhibited good sugar accumulation and similar acid content. Grapes from the control had better technological indicators for obtaining wines of optimal chemical composition and quality. In the 2011 and 2013 vintages, the control wines exceeded those of the Ukrainian clone in terms of sugar-free extract content. The experimental wines Aligote N 10 had higher titratable acidity compared to the Ukrainian clone. The difference in the phenolic substances ratio and the colour intensity in the samples from both clones were insignificant. The control wines were superior in their organoleptic qualities to those of the Ukrainian clone.
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Peirano-Bolelli, Pierina, Florencia Heller-Fuenzalida, Italo F. Cuneo, Álvaro Peña-Neira, and Alejandro Cáceres-Mella. "Changes in the Composition of Flavonols and Organic Acids during Ripening for Three cv. Sauvignon Blanc Clones Grown in a Cool-Climate Valley." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061357.
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The influence of the geographical location and clone type on the contents of flavonols and organic acids of Sauvignon blanc grapes over the ripening process was investigated. The assay was carried out on three commercial clones of cv. Sauvignon blanc (Clone 242, Clone 107, and Clone 1-Davis) grown in two zones (referred to as low and high zones) in Casablanca Valley, Chile. The low zone is closer to the Pacific Ocean (i.e., 20 km away) than the high zone (which is 37 km away). Clear differences in the contents of total phenols, flavonols and organic acids of the grapes were observed during ripening. All the clones grown in the low zone exhibited a higher titratable acidity than those grown in the high zone. An analysis of the flavonol contents of the grape skins showed differences among clones associated with the geographical zone of cultivation. There was no difference in the tartaric acid concentration among clone types; however, a higher tartaric acid concentration was found in clones grown in the low zone than those grown in the high zone for all clone types. Similar results were found for the malic acid concentration. A discriminant analysis showed that the chemical analysis for the contents of total phenols, flavonols and organic acids influenced the classification based on the clone type. The results showed that grapes of different qualities can be grown in two geographical subunits into the larger area of Casablanca Valley.
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Grossnickle, Steven C., and Shihe Fan. "Genetic variation in summer gas exchange patterns of interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss times Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-053.
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Interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss x Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) somatic seedlings from a range of clones were measured for gas exchange processes in relation to summer atmospheric parameters. Carbon isotope composition ( delta 13C) of needles was compared with gas exchange parameters and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). Needle conductance (gwv) decreased as vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increased. Clone T703 had the lowest gwv level across all VPD conditions, with clones G351, N366, and W460 having significantly greater gwv than clone T703 at VPD levels <2.0 kPa. Response of net photosynthesis (Pn) to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for all clones showed Pn to increase to PAR levels of around 1000 µmol ·m-2 ·s-1 and then, Pn rates were stable at higher PAR levels. Clones N366 and W460 had significantly greater Pn than clone T703 at all PAR levels. All clones showed Pn to decline as VPD increased, with clone W460 having the highest predicted Pn level across all VPD conditions and significantly greater Pn than clone T703. Higher WUEi was related to an increase in delta 13C, with clone T703 having the highest WUEi and delta 13C, followed by clone W460. Changes in delta 13C, for all clones, indicated a stronger relationship with gwv than with Pn.
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NATALINO OLIVEIRA, FLÁVIA, JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE, FERNANDO PALHA LEITE, and FERNANDO JOSÉ BORGES GOMES. "Effects of localized environment on eucalyptus clone chemical composition." September 2016 15, no. 9 (October 1, 2016): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.9.599.
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Eucalyptus wood is becoming the most important feedstock for bleached kraft pulp production, particularly in South America. However, pulp manufacturers have observed that some eucalyptus clones are resistant to wind action and others are not. Those lacking wind resistance are prone to breaking, which results in productivity losses. This study aims to investigate a correlation between the chemical composition of eucalyptus clones and their resistance to wind action. We found differences among the wind-resistant and non-wind-resistant clones, but that the fragility of trees studied for wind resistance does not correlate to the chemical composition of the wood. Four notable differences were observed. First, clones grown at lower altitudes differed from clones grown at higher altitudes in their acetyl, insoluble lignin, and extractives contents, and in their syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratios. However, we found no relationship among these components and wind susceptibility. Second, soluble lignin content increased with the increase of wind resistance in the high altitude clones. Third, the low altitude clones showed slightly lower xylan content (12.4%) and higher lignin content (29.6%) than the others. Finally, the insoluble lignin content, total acetyl groups, extractives, ash contents, and S/G ratios of the clones were influenced by the region where they were grown.
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Bentzer, B. G., G. S. Foster, and A. R. Hellberg. "Impact of clone mixture composition on stability of 7th-year mean height in a series of Norway spruce clone tests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-100.
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Four mixtures of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.), each containing 56 clones, were analysed for height at age 7 years at six locations in southern Sweden. The number of clones in each mixture was subsequently reduced in a stepwise manner from 56 to 40, 30, 20, 10, and finally, 5 clones. The reduction process was conducted in three ways: (i) random deletion, (ii) deletion based on height growth, and (iii) deletion based on clone stability. No difference among the means of clone mixtures could be found for 20–56 clones for any elimination procedure tested, and no mixture × location interaction existed despite the number of clones in the mixture or the elimination process used. Location effects were consistently significant, independent of the number of clones in each mixture. Also, replication effects were significant in all cases but one. Random elimination of clones resulted in weak differences between mixture means when 10 and 5 clones were included. Deletion of clones based on lack of stability or inferior height growth only slightly changed the variation pattern compared with when all 56 clones were present in each mixture. Relative height growth performance of clone mixtures with as few as 5 clones appeared to be stable within the region of Sweden that was represented by the trials.
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Reynolds, Andrew G., Margaret Cliff, Douglas A. Wardle, and Marjorie King. "Evaluation of Winegrapes in British Columbia: `Chardonnay' and `Pinot noir' Clones." HortTechnology 14, no. 4 (January 2004): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.4.0594.
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Eighty-five cultivars, selections and clones from European winegrape (Vitis spp.) breeding and selection programs were evaluated between 1993 and 1995 in a randomized complete-block experiment. These included Vitis vinifera clones from France as well as Freiburg, Geisenheim, and Weinsberg, Germany. Small yield and fruit composition differences were found amongst the 'Chardonnay' clones. The standard Prosser clone produced wines with highest earthy aroma and acidity and with lowest perfumy aroma, body and finish; Dijon clones 76 and 96 were most perfumy and least vegetal. `Pinot noir' clones also differed somewhat in terms of yield and fruit composition; `Samtröt', `Gamay Beaujolais', and clone Q1342-01 were amongst the most highly colored clones. These clones also tended to have the most intense berry and currant aromas as well as berry, cherry, and currant flavors. These aforementioned clones appear to be highly adaptable to viticultural regions where low heat units during fruit maturation presently limit industry growth.
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Moulin, Jordão Cabral, Daniel de Souza Ribeiro, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre, Lucas Braga Mulin, and Silvino Intra Moreira. "Effect of drought stress on the formation and lignification of eucalyptus wood cells." IAWA Journal 43, no. 3 (June 16, 2022): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10092.
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Summary Environmental adaptation and cell differentiation processes are factors that influence the anatomical elements of wood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water deficit on lignin composition in anatomical elements and on the characteristics of vessel-neighboring cells. Six-year-old clones of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis from wet and dry regions were used. All regions received a rainfall exclusion treatment. Cell wall width, cell wall thickness, and form factor of fibers close to and far from vessels were measured. In the same cells, lignin was measured in the middle lamella and vessels by a fluorescence technique. The vessel differentiation process affected cell wall thickness and lignin composition in neighboring cells. Lignin composition was increased in vessels compared to fibers or vasicentric tracheids. Middle lamella lignin was not affected by vessel differentiation or water deficit in either eucalyptus clone. E. grandis × E. camaldulensis is originally from a dry climate region and, therefore, did not suffer alterations in lignin when subjected to water stress conditions; however, this clone exhibited a higher number of vasicentric tracheids. E. urophylla is originally from a humid climate region and, when subjected to water deficit, showed increased wood lignin composition, which seems to be a strategy for better use of water resources. Alterations in lignin composition of vessel, vasicentric tracheid, and fiber cell walls resulting from exposure to water deficit conditions vary according to eucalyptus species.
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Weber, Sabine, Stephan Stubner, and Ralf Conrad. "Bacterial Populations Colonizing and Degrading Rice Straw in Anoxic Paddy Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1318-1327.2001.
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ABSTRACT Rice straw is a major substrate for the production of methane, a greenhouse gas, in flooded rice fields. The bacterial community degrading rice straw under anoxic conditions was investigated with molecular methods. Rice straw was incubated in paddy soil anaerobically for 71 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that the composition of the bacterial community changed during the first 15 days but then was stable until the end of incubation. Fifteen DGGE bands with different signal intensities were excised, cloned, and sequenced. In addition, DNA was extracted from straw incubated for 1 and 29 days and the bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified and cloned. From these clone libraries 16 clones with different electrophoretic mobilities on a DGGE gel were sequenced. From a total of 31 clones, 20 belonged to different phylogenetic clusters of the clostridia, i.e., clostridial clusters I (14 clones), III (1 clone), IV (1 clone), and XIVa (4 clones). One clone fell also within the clostridia but could not be affiliated to one of the clostridial clusters. Ten clones grouped closely with the genera Bacillus (3 clones), Nitrosospira (1 clone), Fluoribacter (1 clones), andAcidobacterium (2 clones) and with clone sequences previously obtained from rice field soil (3 clones). The relative abundances of various phylogenetic groups in the rice straw-colonizing community were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bacteria were detached from the incubated rice straw with an efficiency of about 80 to 90%, as determined by dot blot hybridization of 16S rRNA in extract and residue. The number of active (i.e., a sufficient number of ribosomes) Bacteria detected with a general eubacterial probe (Eub338) after 8 days of incubation was 61% of the total cell counts. This percentage decreased to 17% after 29 days of incubation. Most (55%) of the active cells on day 8 belonged to the genus Clostridium, mainly to clostridial clusters I (24%), III (6%), and XIVa (24%). An additional 5% belonged to theCytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster of theCytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum, 4% belonged to the α, β, and γ Proteobacteria, and 1.3% belonged to the Bacillus subbranch of the gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content. The results show that the bacterial community colonizing and decomposing rice straw developed during the first 15 days of incubation and was dominated by members of different clostridial clusters, especially clusters I, III, and XIVa.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Clone composition"
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Mawdsley, Paul F. W. "The Effects of Cluster Thinning on Vine Performance, Fruit, and Wine Composition of Pinot Noir (Clone 115) in the Edna Valley of California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2090.
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A three-year study was conducted at a commercial vineyard site in California’s Edna Valley AVA to evaluate the physiological and agronomical effects of the timing of cluster thinning on Pinot noir (clone 115) grapevines. Vines were thinned to one cluster per shoot at three selected time-points during the growing season (bloom, bloom + 4 weeks, bloom + 8 weeks), and fruit from each treatment was harvested and made into wine. Across all growing seasons, yield decreased 43% in thinned vines relative to un-thinned control vines. No effect of cluster thinning or interaction with growing season was found in vine shoot diameter, internode length, fruit zone light level, or cluster weight. Growing season significantly affected more fruit and wine parameters than did cluster thinning treatment, with interactions between treatment and growing season found in fruit Brix, titratable acidity, and anthocyanins, as well as wine anthocyanins and wine b* (yellow component). For example, bloom + 8 and bloom + 12 thinning treatments advanced Brix in 2017 but had no effect in 2018. Cluster thinning treatments increased berry anthocyanins by 43% in 2017 and by 103% in 2018 relative to the control. Similarly, cluster thinning increased berry total phenolics by 87% in 2017 and by 140% in 2018 relative to the control, with no significant differences found between the different thinning treatments. However, the levels of anthocyanins and total phenolics were generally not affected by cluster thinning treatment in the resulting wines. The fact that different cluster thinning treatments resulted in nil or minor effects on fruit and wine suggests that the vines tested were at or below a balanced crop load prior to the application of cluster thinning. Edna Valley AVA could likely support higher crop loads than 3.2 on the Ravaz index without negatively impacting fruit or wine composition and reducing crop load below that level is unlikely to increase fruit or wine quality.
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Saoudi-Helis, Leïla. "Influence du taux de croissance et de stress thermiques sur la croissance, la composition biochimique et lipidiques de Isochrysis aff. Galbana clone T. Iso : Culture en conditions contôléesS." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22051.
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Ce travail comporte deux parties principales: 1 une etude des conditions de culture de isochrysis aff. Galbana clone t. Iso en milieu non renouvele et en culture continue. 2 une etude de l'influence de deux parametres de culture (le taux de croissance et le stress de temperature) sur la composition lipidique et sur les teneurs en acide docosahexaenoique ou dha. Les changements du taux de croissance, via le taux de dilution, modifient la repartition des classes de lipides et leur composition en acides gras. Un faible taux de croissance provoque une accumulation de lipides neutres et d'acides gras monoinsatures. A l'inverse, un fort taux de croissance s'accompagne d'une augmentation des glycolipides et des acides gras polyinsatures a 18 atomes de carbone. Les changements du taux de croissance affectent peu les teneurs en dha, mais modifient sa repartition. Les stress thermiques froids provoquent un ralentissement du taux de croissance et une accumulation de lipides neutres. La composition en acides gras est peu modifiee. Un stress thermique froid ou chaud modere permet d'augmenter fortement les teneurs en dha
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Richez-Dumanois, Christine. "Multiplication vegetative et conservation in vitro d'un clone selectionne de chanvre a fibres (cannabis sativa l. ) : influence sur le developpement et la teneur en cannabinoides." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066602.
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Le chanvre fait l'objet de nombreux travaux de selection portant sur la qualite de la fibre et le contenu en cannabinoides des plantes. Le but de cette etude est la mise au point pour un clone de chanvre a fibre, de methodes de multiplication vegetative et de conservation, adaptees a la selection varietable du chanvre. L'etude du bouturage horticole dans differentes conditions thermiques et photoperiodiques a montre l'effet positif de l'alternance des temperatures sur le developpement morphologique et chimique des boutures ainsi que la necessite d'un eclairement continu pour le maintien des plantes-meres vegetatives. Cette recherche a revele l'existence de gradients chimiques et morphologiques generalement favorables au choix de la moitie superieure des plantes
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Zhang, Xi, and Adam P. Showman. "Effects of Bulk Composition on the Atmospheric Dynamics on Close-in Exoplanets." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623245.
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Earths and mini Neptunes likely have a wide range of atmospheric compositions, ranging from low molecular mass atmospheres of H-2 to higher molecular atmospheres of water, CO2, N-2, or other species. Here we systematically investigate the effects of atmospheric bulk compositions on temperature and wind distributions for tidally locked sub-Jupiter-sized planets, using an idealized 3D general circulation model (GCM). The bulk composition effects are characterized in the framework of two independent variables: molecular weight and molar heat capacity. The effect of molecular weight dominates. As the molecular weight increases, the atmosphere tends to have a larger day-night temperature contrast, a smaller eastward phase shift in the thermal phase curve, and a smaller zonal wind speed. The width of the equatorial super-rotating jet also becomes narrower, and the "jet core" region, where the zonal-mean jet speed maximizes, moves to a greater pressure level. The zonal-mean zonal wind is more prone to exhibit a latitudinally alternating pattern in a higher molecular weight atmosphere. We also present analytical theories that quantitatively explain the above trends and shed light on the underlying dynamical mechanisms. Those trends might be used to indirectly determine the atmospheric compositions on tidally locked sub-Jupiter-sized planets. The effects of the molar heat capacity are generally small. But if the vertical temperature profile is close to adiabatic, molar heat capacity will play a significant role in controlling the transition from a divergent flow in the upper atmosphere to a jet-dominated flow in the lower atmosphere.
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Corbett, Steven J. "Rhetorics of close collaboration : four case studies of classroom-based writing tutoring and one-to-one conferencing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9524.
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Brown, Hannah. "Physical, physiological and performance characteristics associated with close quarter battle expertise in special forces soldiers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2609.
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Fleer, David. "Martin Luther King, Jr.'s reformation of sources : a close rhetorical reading of his compositional strategies and arrangement /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8200.
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MORENZ, Danilo Antonio. "Caracter?sticas de crescimento e valor nutritivo de clones de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) manejados sob lota??o rotacionada na esta??o seca." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2130.
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CNPq
The objective of this study was to evaluate the variables related to the heights in the pre and post grazing sward, the production of dry biomass of green forage, morphological composition, leaf:stem ratio and nutritive value of two clones of elephant grass managed under rotational stocking. Was adopted a completely randomized design with repeated measures in time (grazing cycles) and three replications (paddocks). The sward heights, in pre and post grazing were influenced by the clones and grazing cycles, being the highest values observed for clone CNPGL 03-01-00. The production of dry mass of green forage was influenced by clone and grazing cycle, with higher mean value observed for CNPGL 03-01- 00, which was 17% higher than that observed for CNPGL 92-198-7, and there was decreased of dry mass of green forage with the advance of grazing cycles. The production of dry matter of leaves was influenced only by grazing cycle, with gradual reduction from the first to the third cycle. However, in fourth cycle was increase in biomass of leaves, which did not differ from that observed in the second cycle. There was interaction clone x cycle for the production of dry matter of stem, being observed differences in the first and third cycles for the clones. There was no effect of the factors studied for the production of senescent material. The leaf: stem ratio was influenced by grazing cycles, with interaction of the factors. The clone CNPGL 91-198-7 kept the leaf:stem ratio stable over the cycles, while clone CNPGL 1-3-00 presented a decrease in leaf:stem ratio from first until to third cycle. The number of aerial tillers was influenced by grazing cycles, increasing from the first until to third cycle, while the fourth cycle was observed decreased in the number of these tillers. The basal tillers were only effect of clones, where CNPGL 91-198-7 showed a higher number of these tillers. Crude protein (CP) and lignin (LIG) content were not affected by clones or by grazing cycles. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were affected only by grazing cycles. The highest values of NDF were observed at the firsts three grazing cycles and, in the fourth grazing cycle the NDF was reduced. The IVDMD decreased until the third cycle; however, in the fourth cycle the values obtained were similar to those of the first cycle. According to results obtained the clone CNPGL 92-198-7 showed higher production of dry matter of the leaves, lower production of dry matter of stem and higher density of basal tillers, which may indicate its greatest potential for use under grazing, when compared to CNPGL 01-03-00.
Objetivou-se estudar as alturas no pr? e p?s-pastejo do dossel forrageiro, a produ??o de biomassa seca de forragem verde, a composi??o morfol?gica, a rela??o folha:colmo, a densidade de perfilhos e o valor nutritivo de dois clones de capim-elefante manejados sob lota??o rotacionada. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo (quatro ciclos de pastejo) e tr?s repeti??es (piquetes). As alturas do dossel pr? e p?s pastejo foram influenciadas pelos clones e pelos ciclos de pastejo. Os valores mais elevados foram observados para o clone CNPGL 00-1-3. Para massa seca de forragem verde houve apenas efeito do clone e do ciclo de pastejo. O valor m?dio da massa seca de forragem verde do CNPGL 00-1-3 foi 17% maior do que a do CNPGL 92-198-7. Com o avan?ar dos ciclos de pastejo houve redu??o da massa seca de forragem verde. A produ??o de biomassa seca de folha foi influenciada apenas pelo ciclo de pastejo, com redu??o gradual do primeiro at? o terceiro ciclo. No quarto ciclo houve aumento na massa seca de folha, que n?o diferenciou daquela obtida no segundo ciclo. Houve intera??o clone x ciclo para a massa de colmo, sendo observadas diferen?as entre clones apenas no primeiro e terceiro ciclos. N?o foi observado efeito dos fatores estudados ou intera??o para a massa seca de material morto. A rela??o folha:colmo foi influenciada pelos ciclos de pastejo, havendo intera??o dos fatores estudados. O CNPGL 92-198-7 manteve a rela??o folha:colmo est?vel ao longo dos ciclos, enquanto que o CNPGL 00-1-3 apresentou decr?scimo na rela??o folha:colmo do primeiro at? o terceiro ciclo, com maior valor obtido no quarto ciclo. Quanto ao n?mero de perfilhos a?reos foi observado efeito dos ciclos de pastejo, com aumento do primeiro ao terceiro ciclo, enquanto que no quarto ciclo houve redu??o do n?mero desses perfilhos. Para os perfilhos basais houve efeito dos clones, onde o CNPGL 92-198-7 apresentou maior n?mero de perfilhos que o CNPGL 00-1-3. Os teores de prote?na bruta (PB) n?o foram influenciados pelos clones ou pelos ciclos de pastejo. Os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e o coeficiente da digestibilidade in vitro da mat?ria seca (DIVMS) foram influenciados apenas pelos ciclos de pastejo. Os maiores valores de FDN foram observados nos tr?s primeiros ciclos de pastejo, j? no quarto ciclo de pastejo o teor de FDN reduziu. Quanto ? DIVMS houve queda at? o terceiro ciclo, enquanto que no quarto ciclo os valores obtidos foram semelhantes aos do primeiro ciclo. Para lignina n?o foi observada diferen?a dos fatores estudados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o clone CNPGL 92-198-7 apresentou maior produ??o de biomassa seca de folhas, menor produ??o de biomassa seca de colmo e maior densidade populacional de perfilhos basais, o que pode indicar seu maior potencial para uso sob pastejo, quando comparado ao CNPGL 00-1-3.
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Arrizabalaga, Marta. "Response of Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) clones to climate change-related factors (elevated temperature, high CO2, and water deficit) : plant performance and berry composition." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0439.
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Le changement climatique devrait modifier les conditions environnementales dans le futur, affectant ainsi l'agriculture. Le Tempranillo, une variété de vigne rouge (Vitis vinifera L .) largement cultivée au niveau international, pourrait être affecté par l’augmentation des températures moyennes mondiales et des niveaux de CO2 dans l’atmosphère, ainsi que par la diminution de la disponibilité en eau sur sa zone traditionnelle de culture. L'utilisation de la diversité intra-variétale a été proposée comme une stratégie pour essayer de conserver la typicité du vin et les variétés régionales dans les conditions de cultures futures, en déplaçant la phase de maturation vers des périodes aux conditions environnementales plus favorables. L’objectif de cette thèse était donc de déterminer la réponse de différents clones de Tempranillo aux conditions environnementales simulées de 2100, en se concentrant sur la croissance et le développement des plantes, ainsi que sur la composition des baies. Des boutures fructifères de clones de Tempranillo, dont la longueur du cycle de reproduction était différente, ont été exposées à différents scénarios climatiques dans des serres à gradient de température (TGG) et des serres de chambre de croissance (GCG) depuis la fructification jusqu’à la maturité. Les impacts de la température élevée (+4 ° C), du CO2 élevé (700 ppm) et du déficit en eau, combinés ou non, ont été évalués. Les résultats montrent une augmentation de la croissance végétative et une réduction de la production dues aux températures élevées. La concentration élevée de CO2 a également augmenté la croissance végétative et l'activité photosynthétique. Néanmoins, un processus d'acclimatation a été observé, celui-ci étant plus fort lorsqu’un haut niveau de CO2 est combiné à une température élevée. Le déficit en eau a fortement réduit l'activité photosynthétique et la croissance végétative, occultant les effets de la température et du CO2. La température élevée, que ce soit individuellement ou associée à des niveaux élevés de CO2, a accéléré l'accumulation de sucres et la date de maturité a été avancée, mais ces effets ont été atténués par le déficit en eau. La dégradation de l’acide malique a également été favorisée par l’augmentation de la température, en particulier lorsque cette dernière est associée à une concentration élevée de CO2 et à un déficit en eau. La concentration et le profil des acides aminés ont été influencés par les températures élevées, un niveau de CO2 élevé et, en particulier, par un déficit en eau. L'augmentation de CO2 a réduit l'effet de la température sur le découplage de l’accumulation des anthocyanes par rapport à celle des sucres ; cependant, la combinaison d’une température élevée, d’un haut niveau de CO2 et d’un déficit en eau a conduit à un déséquilibre entre ces deux composés du raisin. Le profil des anthocyanes a été modifié par le changement climatique, une température élevée augmentant la proportion des formes acylées tandis qu’un haut niveau de CO2 et un déficit hydrique ont favorisé quant à eux l'abondance relative de la malvidine, et des formes acylées, méthylées et trihydroxylées. Les clones étudiés ont montré des différences dans leur développement phénologique, leur croissance végétative et reproductive, ainsi que dans la composition de leurs raisins. En outre, les résultats révèlent l’existence d’une réponse différentielle des clones de Tempranillo aux conditions environnementales prévues pour 2100 en termes de performance de la plante et de composition du raisin. De façon générale, parmi les clones étudiés, RJ43 fut le plus affecté par les conditions de croissance futures (températures élevées, haut niveau de CO2 et déficit en eau) aussi bien en termes de développement phénologique qu’en termes de concentration en anthocyanes et de leur profil.[...]Climate change is expected to modify future environmental conditions, therefore affecting agriculture. Tempranillo, a largely cultivated worldwide grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) red variety, will be affected by the increase of global mean temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels and the decrease of water availability in its cultivation area. The use of the intra-varietal diversity has been proposed as a strategy for keeping wine typicity and regional varieties cultivation under future growing conditions by shifting the ripening phase to more favourable environmental conditions. The aim of the thesis was to determine the response of different clones of Tempranillo to simulated 2100 environmental conditions, focusing on plant growth and development, as well as on berry composition. Fruit-bearing cuttings of Tempranillo clones, which differed in the length of their reproductive cycle, were exposed from fruit set to maturity to different scenarios of climate change in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG) and growth chamber greenhouses (GCG). The impact of elevated temperature (+4 °C), elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and water deficit, both in combination or independently, were evaluated. The results show an increment of vegetative growth and a reduction of yield due to high temperatures. Elevated CO2 concentration also increased vegetative growth and photosynthetic activity, even though an acclimation process was observed, being stronger when combined with high temperature. Water deficit reduced severely the photosynthetic activity and vegetative growth, overshadowing the temperature and CO2 effects. Elevated temperature, both individually and combined with high CO2 levels, hastened sugar accumulation and advanced maturity, but these effects were mitigated by water deficit. Malic acid degradation was also enhanced by high temperature, especially when combined with elevated CO2 and water deficit. Amino acid concentration and profile were affected by high temperature, elevated atmospheric CO2 and, especially, water deficit. Elevated CO2 reduced the effect of temperature decoupling the anthocyanin and TSS accumulation; however, the combination of elevated temperature, high CO2 and water deficit led to the imbalance between these two grape components. Anthocyanin profile was modified by climate change, high temperature increasing the relative abundance of acylated forms and both elevated CO2 and drought favouring the relative content of malvidin and acylated, methylated and tri-hydroxylated forms. The clones studied showed differences in their phenological development, vegetative and reproductive growth, as well as in their grape composition. In addition, the results reveal the existence of a differential response of Tempranillo clones to the environmental conditions projected for 2100 in relation to plant performance and grape composition. In general, RJ43 was the most affected by the future growing conditions (high temperature, elevated CO2 and water deficit) among the clones studied in terms of phenology and anthocyanin concentration and profile. Conversely, VN31 maintained the highest anthocyanin and anthoycianin:TSS ratio, whereas 1084 had the lowest sugar, malic acid and anthocyanin levels. The differences observed in the response of the clones to climate change not always depended on their reproductive cycle length
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Raia, Annachiara. "Swahili Palimpsests: The Muslim stories beneath Swahili compositions." 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35323.
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Although a textual relationship between Arabic Muslim texts and their rendition through Swahili epic poems (tendi) is acknowledged in Swahili poetry studies, “translation” is not a straightforward explanation of this relationship. Furthermore, Swahili narrative poems on the prophets (manabii), mostly created at the end of the 19th century, have seldom been considered in textual relation to the Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā’ literature or to the Qur’ān. Thus, important questions have not been asked: How did the Arabic stories of the prophets arrive on the Swahili coast? How did poets appropriate these stories and forge them into a new narrative discourse? In this paper, I focus on tafsiri as a form of appropriation and adaptation, applying Gérard Genette’s concept of “palimpsest” to analyse the textual relationship between Arabic Muslim and Swahili literary texts. This will allow me, through a close reading of these texts and consideration of both language and genre, to identify the palimpsestuous presence or rather copresence of Arabic source texts within Swahili works. Ultimately, this method offers a model for future philologies of world literature.
Books on the topic "Clone composition"
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Miller, Roger W. Beer, nonalcoholic wine: How close to the real thing? Rockville, Md: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Public Affairs, 1987.
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Tani, Irene. Le Rime di Bernardo Cappello. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-257-4.
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Bernardo Cappello (Venezia 1498 ca.-Roma 1560), member of one of the oldest patrician families of Venice, played an active role in the politics of the Venetian Republic, until his exile in 1540. After that, he became a collaborator and a protégé of cardinal Alessandro Farnese, who is one of the most significant figures of the century. Then he took refuge in Rome, where over the years he held varied appointments. Since his youth and in parallel with his political career, Cappello constantly devoted himself to humanistic studies and to rhymes production: pupil of Pietro Bembo, interlocutor of Giovanni Della Casa and close friend to Bernardo Tasso, the author is among the greatest exponents of the sixteenth-century Petrarchism. For the first time the critical edition of Rime by Bernardo Cappello is here given, namely the book of 353 compositions that the author elaborated on the pattern of Bembo’s directives, over a large period of time. In his book of poetry (canzoniere), through lyrical pieces, the author creates his own existential and biographical path. Regarding the evolution of the architecture of Cappello’s collection, four witnesses survived, in which we distinguish different phases: the first one is genetic and manuscript (Roma, Biblioteca Casanatense, 277), with addition of corrections that generally are close to the textual variants of the princeps; the second is the print of 1560 for the press of the Guerra brothers; finally, a further evolutionary stage is represented by two postillated prints. To these witnesses a rich miscellaneous tradition is added, which, for a large number of rhymes, restores the elaborative complexity through multiple genetic forms. Poems ousted from the ancient print, but part of the canzoniere in other phases of composition, are included in this critical edition.
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Osipov, Vladimir. Management accounting of expenses of an industrial enterprise. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1206681.
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The monograph comprehensively examines the problems of management accounting of expenses of an industrial enterprise in order to find ways to improve the efficiency of its functioning in the current economic conditions.
A detailed description of the process of resource consumption is given, the role of management accounting in ensuring its successful implementation is determined. The composition of the information used in the management of the company's expenses is disclosed. Domestic and foreign management accounting systems are considered, and proposals for their further improvement are put forward. The procedure for monitoring management decisions that determine the costs of an enterprise at certain stages of their existence is studied. Close attention is paid to the economic analysis aimed at finding reserves for improving the efficiency of resource consumption and identifying ways to implement them.
For students, postgraduates, teachers and anyone interested in management accounting.
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Brenneman, Sylvia. Clone High: Perfect Gift Notebook for Series Fans to Write on, Journal, Composition Book 6x9 - 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.
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Gonzales, Staci. Star Wars the Clone Wars: Journal/Notebook - Perfect Gift Notebook for Series Fans - Blank Lined Paperback - Journal - Composition Book 6 X 9, 100 Page. Independently Published, 2020.
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Moss, Barbara, Diane Lapp, and Maria Grant. Close Look at Close Reading. Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development, 2015.
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Feaman, Linda, and Nancy Geldermann. Unlocking Close Reading. Capstone, 2014.
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Feaman, Linda. Unlocking Close Reading. Capstone, 2015.
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Maw, David. Improvisation as composition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199355914.003.0021.
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The close connection between improvisation and composition in the French organ school over several centuries warrants analysis of these practices in similar terms, and the advent of recording has afforded the means for carrying it out. This chapter analyses the work of Charles Tournemire and Louis Vierne, who were amongst the earliest organists to record improvisations. Highly accomplished composers and improvisers, they were also noted teachers, and the terms in which they taught improvisation serve to contextualize analysis of their own practice. Vierne emphasized a schematic approach, while Tournemire focused on spontaneity. This difference is mirrored in the contrast of their compositional styles. However, for both men their improvisational practice demonstrates a need to manifest itself self-consciously by exceeding the bounds of compositional convention.
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Ralston, Andrew G., and Mary M. Firth. Close Reading Non-fiction 11-14 with Answers. Hodder Gibson, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Clone composition"
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Broumou, Ioanna, David Fernando Plaza, and Anna Färnert. "Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum to Assess Clone Composition in Parasite Cultures." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 51–68. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_6.
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Linsbauer, Lukas, Stefan Fischer, Gabriela Karoline Michelon, Wesley K. G. Assunção, Paul Grünbacher, Roberto E. Lopez-Herrejon, and Alexander Egyed. "Systematic Software Reuse with Automated Extraction and Composition for Clone-and-Own." In Handbook of Re-Engineering Software Intensive Systems into Software Product Lines, 379–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11686-5_15.
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Bräuninger, Renate. "Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's Choreographies to Steve Reich's Music, the Re-creation of Musical Principles through Dance." In Musik und Klangkultur, 105–18. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839458914-007.
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The Belgian choreographer Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker has numerous times used the music by Steve Reich as a source for her choreographies. In her dance pieces she has transmitted the compositional principles of Reich's music into movement. She is not simply visualising or translating different musical parameters into motion, rather she is re-creating compositional principals in a different medium. De Keersmaeker used less complex pieces by Reich at the beginning of her career, for example, in her choreography Fase, Four Movements to the Music of Steve Reich (1982), she uses the following compositions by Steve Reich: Piano Phase (1967), Come Out (1966), Violin Phase (1967), Clapping Music (1972). Later she creates more complex choreography like Drumming (1998) to Drumming (1970-1971) and Rain (2001) to Music for 18 Musician (1974-76). De Keersmaeker, like Reich is influenced by the radical transformations which took place in the arts in the 1960s. Traditional strategies of composition were questioned which resulted in new approaches such as, for example, minimalism. Here the endless repetition of small cells and phrases creates an emotional potential through intensity, which replaces the representation through gesture and tone painting, but nevertheless affects us at the interface between the visual and the acoustic. The examples chosen from Drumming shall demonstrate which physical equivalents for the compositional principles of the music are found by de Keersmaeker, how are principles like phase shifting, pattern layering, and accumulation re-created in movement and made visually transparent? How close is the choreography to the music and when does the choreographer decide to allow smaller or larger discrepancies between music and movement? How does the interdependence between music and movement influence the intensities emerging through repetition?
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Dev, Moumita, D. K. Bhattacharyya, and Minakshi Ghosh. "Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Vapours from Clove Bud During Roasting." In Lecture Notes in Bioengineering, 151–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7409-2_15.
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De Loore, C., and D. Vanbeveren. "Results of Evolutionary Computations of Primaries of Close Binaries with Different Initial Composition." In Evolution of Massive Stars, 391–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1080-8_47.
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Sandström, Jonas. "Performance of pea aphid clones in relation to amino acid composition of phloem sap and artificial diets." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 299–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_95.
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Quandt, Markus, and Vera Lomazzi. "Solidarity: A European Value?" In Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study, 249–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_7.
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AbstractSolidarity is considered essential for the sustainability of societies, both at the level of individual contributions to society and as an aspect of cooperation between countries. As such, solidarity is often called upon by politicians in a declarative way. In contrast to most prior work, we investigate an attitudinal perspective on solidarity, not behavioural or policy-preference perspectives. We look at questions such as the prevalence of solidarity attitudes among European populations, the degree to which the declared norm is shared among these populations, and whether solidarity attitudes have changed with consecutive crises in Europe. We also discuss possible antecedents of solidarity levels. Distinguishing solidarity by close and universal scopes, we find that both are associated with the identification of citizens with communities at different levels. In country and time comparisons, European societies display a good degree of homogeneity and stability. Close solidarity is more pronounced than universal solidarity, and this may have even increased over consecutive crises. There are clear differences in relation to socio-historical region, but only modest associations with the religious composition of countries in terms of denominations. One role of religiosity might be that of an identity marker, where more heterogeneity comes with lower levels of solidarity.
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Fujita, Motoko S., Hiromitsu Samejima, Dendy Sukma Haryadi, and Ahmad Muhammad. "Characteristics of Bird Community Response to Land Use Change in Tropical Peatland in Riau, Indonesia." In Global Environmental Studies, 51–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0906-3_3.
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AbstractTropical peatlands have increasingly been targeted for logging or conversion to plantations in recent years. Tropical peatlands are unique ecosystems rich in biodiversity, but they have not attracted as much researcher attention as tropical forests, for example. There is still limited understanding of the ecological significance of peatland disturbance, or of the ecological resilience of peatland ecosystems. This study focuses on birds as indicator species in peatland ecologies. It compares bird communities in peatlands and non-peat lowlands in terms of: (1) species richness; (2) feeding guilds; and (3) responses to disturbance. Our research team analyzed bird communities in peatlands under several different land uses in Riau in comparison to those living in non-peat lowlands in Sumatra Island. We found that species richness in natural forests was lower in peatlands than in non-peat lowlands. The Jackknife estimator of species richness was 77.2 in natural forests on peatland, whereas on non-peat lowland, it was 114.8 and 241. Compared to non-peat lowland forests, the number of terrestrial insectivore and woodpeckers was lower in peatlands. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the bird community composition in peatland forests is unique compared to non-peat lowland forests, as they showed completely different lines of avifauna. Nevertheless, avifauna in disturbed sites on peatland were close to avifauna in disturbed non-peat lowland sites, which indicates that the disturbance of peatland would lead to homogenization of avifauna and loss of uniqueness, which in turn, leads to loss of biodiversity. Bird community composition in peatlands was very sensitive to land use change. Shifts in the community composition along the disturbance, as measured by Euclidean distances in the NMDS plot between each disturbed habitat and natural forest, were greater in peatland than in non-peat lowland. Although our knowledge and data of peatland ecologies are limited, it seems likely that certain peatland avifauna can only survive in natural peat swamp forest.
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Wu, Xuan, Wenyu Li, Li Lin, Yi Liang, Jiaheng Zhang, Wenlu Gu, Jiheng Fan, EnWei Shen, and KouHong Xiong. "Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis of Steam Reforming Reaction of Radioactive Waste Oil." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 1127–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_97.
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AbstractAt present, there are much radioactive waste oil temporarily stored in nuclear fuel processing plants, nuclear industry research institutes and operating nuclear power plants in China, which brings great storage pressure and safety risks to the operating nuclear facilities. In this paper, the components analysis of 40# waste oil used in nuclear facilities was carried out, and the elemental composition and chemical composition of the waste oil were obtained. The analysis showed that the main elements in the waste oil were C and H, and the main chemical components were alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols with carbon chain length of 10–40. Using Aspen Plus software, the process flow model of waste oil’s steam reforming treatment was established. Based on the components analysis results of the waste oil, organic mixtures such as ethanol, ethane and propane were selected as the model components, and the element composition close to waste oil was obtained by adjusting the proportion of each component. The mixture was used as the source input of Aspen Plus to achieve good simulation results. The experimental results obtained under Pt catalyst at 400 ℃ were in good agreement with the simulation results, which confirmed the validity of the model. The thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of waste oil steam reforming reaction was carried out by using the verified model. The influence of reaction temperature (350–1150 ℃), pressure (0.01–100bar) and water to carbon ratio (0.01–100) on reforming reaction and off gas components in balanced state was studied. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The steam reforming reaction of waste oil has no obvious inhibition when the reaction pressure is less than 1bar, so the reforming reaction should be carried out under the condition of negative pressure less than 1bar; (2) The temperature should be maintained above 750 ℃ to ensure the complete steam reforming reaction; (3) Carbon deposition can be completely eliminated when the water/carbon ratio is higher than 1, and when the water/carbon ratio is higher than 10, the product components do not change with the water/carbon ratio.
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Woodruff, Michael. "Clonal composition of tumours." In Cellular Variation and Adaptation in Cancer, 28–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198542544.003.0003.
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Abstract The members of a clone are, by definition, all descendants of one cell. We can choose any cell we like as the founder of a clone (Micklem 1986), but need to state explicitly what category of cell we have chosen. What is usually implied, though rarely stated explicitly, in discussing the clonal composition of tumours, is that the founder cell of a neoplastic clone is an initially nonnal cell that talces one or more steps on the road to transfomiation before it divides, and some of whose descendants become fully transfonned. This corresponds to clonality as determined with X-linked markers (Section 3.2.1, pp. 29-31), and would be the only possibility worth considering if carcinogenesis were a one-step process. In so far as carcinogenesis is multistep, however, we could start instead with a fully transfonned cell, or, if a stable marker appears for the first time during the course of transformation, with a partly transfonned cell.
Conference papers on the topic "Clone composition"
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Shipaeva, Maria, Kamilya Talipova, Nil Fakhriev, and Vladislav Sudakov. "HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBONATE OIL DEPOSITS: INSIGHTS INTO IONIC COMPOSITION, FRACTURING AND CONNECTIVITY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24, 591–98. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s06.74.
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In this work, the ionic composition of formation water of three oil deposits (C2vr, C2b, C1pr) was studied. The study of these deposits holds both practical and scientific interest. Due to their complex geological structure, they are difficult to develop. Productive deposits are characterized by the presence of widespread unconsolidated zones with high vertical and horizontal fracturing, high layered heterogeneity, the absence of significant regional reservoir-seal rock, and difficulties in cross-well section correlation. The close position of the Oil-Water Contact (OWC) and the high degree of fracturing contribute to the rapid watering of production wells. Reservoir brines are characterized by an unusual hydrogeological composition: this is a significantly lower mineralization (30 g/l) of C2b and C1pr deposits instead of 250 g/l in comparison with brines of the same age in neighboring areas. We found the different ratio of the main ions, a lower position of the upper boundary of the zone of distribution of calcium chloride-type brines, lower content microcomponents. In the work, the ionic composition of about 200 brine samples of the deposits was studied. Mass concentrations of six macrocomponents: HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+K+�were determined, along with measurements of TDS, acidity, and density of formation waters. Based on the results of the analysis, the features of the hydrogeochemical properties within the carbonate deposits were established. Zones of hydrodynamic connectivity of the deposits with each other have been identified. New fractures were found. The results obtained are recommended to be used for identifying the water source in case of well interventions.
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Butoi, Constantin, and Alexandra Ioana Ionescu. "RESEARCH ABOUT THE BEST SWEETENERS USED TO DESIGN A FOOD SUPPLEMENT WITH HIGH ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24, 183–90. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s25.27.
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Food supplements with strong antioxidant potential are increasingly being used by consumers to maintain good health [1], [5], [6], [8], [9], [10], [11], [15]. The best food supplements use natural and organic raw materials and �Mild Food Processing� operations. This work paper presents a management technique for food additives (used, in this case, in the testing and selection of used sweeteners) in the design of a black tea-based food supplement. The raw material used was tested by A.A.S. (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) to check for the absence of contamination with residues or heavy metals [2], [3], [12], [13], [14]. For the determination of the influence of sweeteners on the basic chemical composition, it was used UV-VIS optical spectrometry and some elements of mathematical statistics. The obtained results from this step of the research led to the establishment of the best sweetening option for food supplement based on black tea. The obtained and selected product can be used (as raw material) in the following technological steps, showed a chemical composition close to the unsweetened version but it also had much improved sensory properties. The best sweetening variant in this case was determined depending on the minimal change on the basic chemical composition of black tea and the preservation of the basic sensory characteristics. The development of innovative methods and technologies for the management of food additives facilitates the production of high-quality end products with high levels of food safety.
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Friedmann, Ludwig, Phillip Ohmer, and Manfred Hajek. "Real-Time Simulation of Rotorcraft Downwash in Proximity of Complex Obstacles using Grid-Based Approaches." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–16. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9569.
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This paper describes the development and verification of a model for real-time simulation of rotorcraft downwash. Downwash gains importance in rotorcraft flight close to terrain and obstacles where strong aerodynamic forces may act on nearby persons and objects. In areas of loose soil composition, it may further entrain dust or snow and cause dense clouds degrading the pilot's vision (Brownout/Whiteout). Taking into account these effects in training simulation is necessary to prepare pilots and crews for critical situations. The developed methods open up the possibility to capture complex boundary conditions and to calculate rotorcraft- and flight-state specific flow fields underneath rotorcraft at low-level flight. In contrast to existing approaches, recognition of boundary conditions is performed at simulation run-time using ray-tracing algorithms. Thus, the model's grid-based flow field calculation is able to incorporate arbitrary dynamic obstacles and their effect on the downwash. Output of the model can be used for high-fidelity Brownout/Whiteout simulation and for the determination of fluid forces acting on personnel and objects.
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Kondratovics, Toms, and Martins Zeps. "Effect of different spectral composition led lighting on silver birch In Vitro plantlet morphology." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.009.
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Roth.) clone in vitro cultures. Three different spectral compositions – red & blue (RB), red, green & blue (RGB) and red, green, blue, yellow & orange (RGBYO) LED luminaires and fluorescent light (FL) as control were used. Photon flux density of 110 μmol m-2 s-1 and 16/8h light/dark photoperiod was maintained for all luminaires. Stem and leaf morphological characteristics were affected by clone specific reaction to light treatment, while fresh and dry weight were affected only by clone. Partially opposite effect of red light amount in combination with yellow and orange light (RGBYO and FL luminaires) was observed on total plant length and main shoot elongation for two of ten birch clones. Length of third internode (four of ten clones) and leaf total and average area (three of ten clones) were stimulated by red light in combination with yellow and orange light. In general, our study shows that silver birch in vitro cultures exhibit clone specific, light-dependent morphological plasticity. We conclude that fluorescent lamps can be replaced with RGBYO, due to optimal spectral composition emitted by this luminaire and potential to adjust proportion of red light, thus providing individual approach for propagation of high-quality genotypes.
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Fischer, Stefan, Lukas Linsbauer, Roberto E. Lopez-Herrejon, and Alexander Egyed. "The ECCO Tool: Extraction and Composition for Clone-and-Own." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icse.2015.218.
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Amato, Flora, Antonino Mazzeo, Nicola Mazzocca, and Sara Romano. "CloSe: A Cloud SaaS for Semantic Document Composition." In 2012 Sixth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisis.2012.171.
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Vanzetti, Matteo, Michael Pavel, Lorena Perez Andrade, Elisa Padovano, Alberta Aversa, Mark Weaver, Luke Brewer, and Federica Bondioli. "Gas atomized AlSi10Mg+Cu powders for Metal Additive Manufacturing." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235763134.
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Metallic powders are one of the most common feedstock materials for metal additive manufacturing (MAM). Nowadays, only few alloys can be processed by these technologies and most of them are casting alloys. This work is focused on the characterization of a novel aluminum alloy produced by a close coupled gas atomizer (CCGA) with composition AlSi10Mg + X Cu (X= 4, 8, 20 wt%). These compositions are very attractive because copper is a well-known strengthener for aluminum alloys. The produced powders were characterized in terms of morphology, flowability, particle size distribution (PSD) and density. Furthermore, the powders microstructures were analyzed to evaluate the composition and the morphology of the phases generated by the rapid solidification that characterized the gas-atomization process.
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Kusstianti, Nia, Biyan Yesi Wilujeng, and Dindy Sinta Megasari. "The Effects of Cinnamon and Clove Powder Compositions on Hair Coloring." In 1st International Conference on Social, Applied Science and Technology in Home Economics (ICONHOMECS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iconhomecs-17.2018.41.
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Bedoya, Iva´n D., Samveg Saxena, Francisco J. Cadavid, and Robert W. Dibble. "Numerical Analysis of Biogas Composition Effects on Combustion Parameters and Emissions in Biogas Fueled HCCI Engines for Power Generation." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60120.
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This study investigates the effects of biogas composition on combustion stability for a purely biogas fueled HCCI engine. Biogas is one of the most promising renewable fuels for Combined Heat and Power systems driven by internal combustion engines. However, the high content of CO2 in biogas composition leads to low thermal efficiencies in spark ignited and dual fuel compression ignited engines. The study is divided into two parts: first experimental results on a biogas-fueled HCCI engine are used to validate a numerical model, and second the model is used to investigate how biogas composition impacts combustion stability. In the first part of the study, experimental analysis of a 4 cylinder, 1.9 L Volkswagen TDI Diesel engine running with biogas in HCCI mode has shown high gross indicated mean effective pressure (close to 8 bar), high gross indicated efficiency (close to 45%) and ultra-low NOx emissions below the US2010 limit (0.27 g/kWh). An inlet absolute pressure of 2 bar and inlet temperature of 473 K (200°C) were required for allowing HCCI combustion with a biogas composition of 60% CH4 and 40% CO2 on a volumetric basis. However, slight changes in inlet pressure and temperature caused large changes in cycle-to-cycle variations at low equivalence ratios and large changes in ringing intensity at high equivalence ratios. A numerical model is validated against these experimental results. In the second part of the study, the numerical results for varied biogas composition show that at high load limit, higher contents of CH4 in biogas composition allow advanced combustion and increased burning rates of the biogas air mixture. Higher contents of CO2 in biogas composition allow lowered ringing intensities with moderate decrease in the indicated efficiency and power output. NOx emissions are not highly affected by biogas composition, while CO and HC emissions tend to increase with higher contents of CO2. According with the numerical results, biogas composition is an effective strategy to control the onset of combustion and combustion phasing of HCCI engines running biogas, allowing more stabilized combustion at low equivalence ratios and safe operation at high equivalence ratios. The main advantages of using biogas fueled HCCI engines in CHP systems are the low sensitivity of power output and indicated efficiency to biogas composition, as well as the ultra low NOx emissions achieved for all tested compositions.
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Hofer, M. Y. "Composition Measurements over the Solar Poles Close to Solar Maximum - Ulysses COSPIN/LET Observations." In SOLAR WIND TEN: Proceedings of the Tenth International Solar Wind Conference. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1618572.
Full textReports on the topic "Clone composition"
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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah, and Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.
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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.
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Nguyen, Kim. Do Australian Households Borrow to Keep up with the Joneses? Reserve Bank of Australia, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-06.
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I examine whether and how local income inequality affects household debt and its composition using household panel data for Australia from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. I find that middle-income households without liquidity and credit constraints tend to borrow more for non-residential investment purposes as local income inequality rises, suggesting that they are trying to close the income gap. They also appear to try to close the consumption gap by accumulating more car debt with a rise in local income inequality. Both findings are consistent with households 'keeping up with the Joneses', but unlikely to have implications for macrofinancial stability given that households taking on debt appear well resourced.
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Plouffe, A., D. Petts, I M Kjarsgaard, and M. Polivchuk. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry mapping of porphyry -related epidote from south-central British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331671.
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The microscopic composition of thirteen samples of epidote related to porphyry Cu mineralization was mapped using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at the Geological Survey of Canada. The objective of this research is to improve the indicator mineral method of mineral exploration in glaciated terrains by utilizing the trace element composition of epidote. Six bedrock samples from porphyry Cu deposits of south-central British Columbia (Gibraltar, Mount Polley and Woodjam), three bedrock samples from the Nicola Group located close (&lt;2 km) from the intrusions host of porphyry mineralization and afar (12 km), and four epidote grains from two till samples, one at Gibraltar and a second one at Mount Polley, were analyzed. Backscattered electron (BSE) images and the LA-ICP-MS maps show an heterogeneous distribution of Fe and Al in epidote following complex and mottled patterns and consistent zoning typically with high Fe and low Al concentrations in the core progressing to low Fe and high Al concentrations in the rim. Trace elements are heterogeneously distributed in epidote following the Fe/Al zoning in some samples. Evidence of late infiltration of trace elements (e.g. Cu, Zn, and REE) along fractures in epidote is observed in some samples. The variability in epidote composition is thought to be related to the changing conditions during its crystallization including oxidation state, pH, oxygen fugacity, fluid composition, temperature and pressure. Multiple LA-ICP-MS spot analyses need to be conducted on this mineral to fully evaluate its composition as an indicator mineral of porphyry Cu mineralization.
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Перерва, Віталій Григорович, Олексій Миколайович Сметана, Вікторія Вікторівна Перерва, and Вікторія Вікторівна Прилипко. Вміст, запаси та груповий склад гумусу в грунтах промділянки металургійного комбінату ВАТ „Міттал Стіл Кривий Ріг. Інститут екології Карпат НАН України, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4234.
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У статті розглядаються особливості накопичення гумусу в грунтах промислових майданчиків промислового підприємства. Визначено концентрацію, запаси та груповий склад гумусу в досліджуваних ґрунтах. Показники гумусового стану досліджених ґрунтів свідчать, що вони розвиваються за наближеним до зонального типом, хоча й мають ряд специфічних рис, пов’язаних з особливостями морфології профілю ґрунту. In the article the features of humus accumulation in soils of industrial area of large industrial enterprise were considered. Concentration, supplies and group composition of humus in the explored soils were determined. The indexes of the humus state of investigational soils testify that they develop after close to zonal by type, and have the row of specific lines of tied-up by the features of morphology of type of soil.
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Bennett, Alan, and Arthur Schaffer. Sucrose Metabolism in Developing Fruit of Wild and Cultivated Lycopersicon Species. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613009.bard.
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The project focused on a strategy to enhance tomato fruit soluble solids by evaluating components of carbohydrate metabolism in fruit of wild tomato species that accumulate sucrose rather than hexose and have extremely high soluble sugar contents. The overall goal was to determine the extent to which sucrose accumulation contributes to elevated soluble solids levels and to understand the underlying genetic and biochemical basis of the trait. The research objectives were to evaluate near isogenic L. esculentum lines segregating for sucrose- and hexose-accumulation, determine the biochemical basis of sucrose accumulation and develop molecular genetic strategies to enhance sucrose accumulation in fruit. The inheritance of the sucrose accumulation gene (sucr) was evaluated in both L. chmielewskii and L. hirsutum and shown to be conferred by a single recessive gene in each species. Stable L. esculentum lines homozygous for the sucr gene from L. chmieliewskii and L. hirsutum were well characterized on a genetic and physiological basis and have been introduced into breeding programs to modify fruit sugar composition. The metabolic basis of sucrose accumulation was determined to result from the lack of sucrose hydrolytic capacity. The invertase gene was cloned and its analysis indicated that it is transcriptionally silent in sucrose-accumulating fruit. Transgenic plants expressing an antisense invertase gene were produced and shown to accumulate high levels of sucrose, confirming the role of invertase as the primary determinant of sucrose accumulation and demonstrating the feasibility of a general strategy to genetically engineer sugar composition.
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Lurie, Susan, David R. Dilley, Joshua D. Klein, and Ian D. Wilson. Prestorage Heat Treatment to Inhibit Chilling Injury and Delay Ripening in Tomato Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568108.bard.
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The research had two specific goals; (1) to develop and optimize a postharvest heat treatment and characterize the response of tomato to the heat and subsequent cold storage, and (2) to investigate the involvement of heat shock proteins (HSP) in resistance to chilling injury. For the first goal we have investigated many time-temperature treatments using dry heat and found that 48 h at 38oC is optimum for Israeli cultivars, while 48 h at 42oC worked better for American cultivars in preventing chilling injury. We have also compared hot water to hot air and found hot water to be effective, but less so than hot air. Membrane lipid composition in relation to chilling injury was investigated after hot water and hot air treatments. Investigation of fruit ripening found that mRNAs of ripening-related genes were inhibited by high temperature, but recovered during the subsequent storage period and allowed normal ripening to proceed. Sensory studies showed no difference in the taste of heated or nonheated fruit. Following the production of HSP in heated and stored fruit allowed us to determine that during low temperature storage the HSP remained present in the fruit tissue, and their presence was correlated with resistance to chilling injury. HSP clones have been isolated by both differential screening of a cDNA library of heated and chilled tomatoes (Israel) and by mRNA differential display (United States). These clones are being characterized.
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Bover, Olympia, Laura Crespo, Sandra García-Uribe, Marina Gómez-García, Paloma Urcelay, and Pilar Velilla. Micro and macro data on household wealth, income and expenditure: comparing the Spanish Survey of Household Finances (EFF) to other statistical sources. Madrid: Banco de España, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/36212.
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This paper assesses how magnitudes constructed from Spanish Survey of Household Finances (EFF) micro data compare with magnitudes from alternative sources, including the Financial Accounts of the Spanish Economy (FASE) and other income and consumption surveys. To do so, first we analyse the main differences among the sources and the main concepts that can be compared. For those magnitudes that are conceptually comparable, we quantify the extent to which the EFF magnitudes capture those from the other sources used. We document a high degree of conceptual and quantitative comparability. Our results show that aggregate non-financial assets and debts from the EFF are similar to the aggregated magnitudes from other sources. The composition of the financial asset portfolio held by households in aggregate terms is also similar across the sources, while the comparison for each individual financial asset category varies. In particular, listed and unlisted shares in the survey are the closest to their FASE counterparts. For income, the aggregate calculated on the basis of the EFF data is close to the aggregates calculated from several different sources. The results also show that the similarity between the EFF and other sources has improved across waves for some particular variables, for example, debt magnitudes.
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Hirschberg, Joseph, and Gloria A. Moore. Molecular Analysis of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: Characterizing the Genes Psy, Pds and CrtL-e. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568744.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In this research we have studied the molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. The investigations focused on the genes Pds and Psy, encoding desaturase and phytoene synthase, respectively, which are key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of lycopene and b-carotene. In addition, we have investigated the genes for lycopene cyclase. We have cloned from tomato and characterized the cDNA of CrtL-e, which encodes the lycopene e-cyclase, and analyzed its expression during fruit development. The results establish a paradigm for the regulation of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis during the ripening process of fruits. It is concluded that transcriptional regulation of genes that encode carotenoid-biosynthesis enzymes is the major mechanism that governs specific pigment accumulation. During the ripening of tomato fruits transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase is up-regulated, while the transcription of the genes for both lycopene cyclases decreases and thus the conversion of lycopene to subsequent carotenoids is inhibited. These findings support the working hypothesis of the molecular approach to manipulating carotenogenesis by altering gene expression in transgenic plants, and offer obvious strategies to future application in agriculture. The molecular and physiological knowledge on carotenogenesis gained in this project, suggest a concept for manipulating gene expression that will alter carotenoid composition in fruits and flowers.
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Shaw, John, Arieh Rosner, Thomas Pirone, Benjamin Raccah, and Yehezkiel Antignus. The Role of Specific Viral Genes and Gene Products in Potyviral Pathogenicity, Host Range and Aphid Transmission. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561070.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In this research we have studied the molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. The investigations focused on the genes Pds and Psy, encoding desaturase and phytoene synthase, respectively, which are key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of lycopene and b-carotene. In addition, we have investigated the genes for lycopene cyclase. We have cloned from tomato and characterized the cDNA of CrtL-e, which encodes the lycopene e-cyclase, and analyzed its expression during fruit development. The results establish a paradigm for the regulation of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis during the ripening process of fruits. It is concluded that transcriptional regulation of genes that encode carotenoid-biosynthesis enzymes is the major mechanism that governs specific pigment accumulation. During the ripening of tomato fruits transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase is up-regulated, while the transcription of the genes for both lycopene cyclases decreases and thus the conversion of lycopene to subsequent carotenoids is inhibited. These findings support the working hypothesis of the molecular approach to manipulating carotenogenesis by altering gene expression in transgenic plants, and offer obvious strategies to future application in agriculture. The molecular and physiological knowledge on carotenogenesis gained in this project, suggest a concept for manipulating gene expression that will alter carotenoid composition in fruits and flowers.
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Veilleux, Richard, and David Levy. Potato Germplasm Development for Warm Climates. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561057.bard.
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Complex potato hybrids derived from crosses between cv. Atlantic and 11 clones of three genomic compositions, all with an unadapted component from previously identified heat tolerant accessions, were evaluated in the field in Israel and Virginia and in controlled environments in Israel. Heat tolerance was exhibited in the field by the ability of many of these hybrids to tuberize under severe heat stress when cv. Atlantic did not tuberize at all. The complex hybrids also exhibited fewer internal defects (heat necrosis, hollow heart) than Atlantic. Studies to determine if heat stress applied during anther culture or to pollen samples prior to pollination could affect gametic selection towards more heat tolerant progenies were also undertaken. There was some evidence of greater heat tolerance (longer survival under heat stress) in the anther-derived population that had been regenerated under heat stress. The seedlings resulting from crosses with heat-treated pollen also exhibited greater haulm growth under heat stress compared with controls. However, the poor adaption of the germplasm prevented a firm conclusion about gametic selection. The introduction of exotic germplasm into cultivated potato has considerable potential to adapt potato to nontraditional growing seasons and climates. However, such hybrids will require continued selection and evaluation to retain the traits required for commercial production.