Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Clinique analytique'
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Riche, Christian. "Xanthines : approches analytique, clinique, métabolique." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESAA001.
Full textMahe, Michel. "Une expérience analytique et clinique du dosage de la fructosamine." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P181.
Full textLesourd, Monique. "Le pouvoir énergétique de la cellule : étude analytique et clinique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114821.
Full textPontou-Lombard, Elise. "Evaluation du statut oxydatif et inflammatoire : développement analytique et application en biologie clinique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20705.
Full textHigh-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have cardiovascular benefits. One of the mechanisms involves the inhibition by HDLs of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. We examined the effects of either the apolipoprotein A-I and the anionic peptide factor (APF) in the presence or absence of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), or the free PCs, on the expression of VCAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HUVEC were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or the calcium bound to heparin. The main result indicates that APF administrated at physiological concentration in the lipid-free form or into apolipoprotein/PCs complexes appears as a relevant factor involved in the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. Our study provides a perspective of an antiatherogenic strategy, through the expansion of the APF-enriched HDL in order to alleviate the inflammatory process. To evaluate the status of oxidative stress in patients, we aimed to developp a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum HNE, MDA and Hexanal-modified albumin, and to test different commercial kits. Reproducible standard curves were obtained but assays with serum of patients have not been completed due to an inhibitory effect on the reaction by serum. We show that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) antibodies and matrix Gla protein in clinical cardiovascular disease give diverging results. Comparative studies of the different kit assays of oxLDL are needed to assess which oxidation-specific epitopes are most predictive of cardiovascular disease. Peroxides, paraoxonase 1 activity (PON1) and the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte plasmic membrane phospholipids appear as a relevant biological markers to evaluate oxidative stress. We believe that this work will be helpful for the assessment of oxidative stress in patients, and that biomarkers like PON1 and peroxides could be integrated into routine clinical laboratory analyses
Got, Pierre. "Apport de la radioimmunologie à l'étude analytique des dérivés morphiniques : applications toxicologique et clinique." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P002.
Full textVialaret, Jerome. "Développement et validation de méthodes de protéomique innovantes pour des applications de biochimie clinique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT038.
Full textIn recent years, mass spectrometry has been considered in the analytical chemistry field as the reference method. "Proteomics", a concept that emerged in the 2000s, consists in the identification and/or quantification of peptides and proteins in different type of samples (cells, tissues, or biological samples), in various conditions. A more specific field of this concept, the "clinical proteomics" specifically concerns the study of proteome for the research on one hand, diagnostic markers, prognostic and therapeutic follow-up of human pathologies and, on the other hand, of pathophysiological actors that can serve as a therapeutic target.Currently, the technology of choice used for the analysis of proteins in clinical biochemistry is the ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) which has major drawbacks: not a multiplex analysis, high variability, no standardization, and the inability to distinguish proteoforms of one protein. The targeted proteomics by Liquid Chromatography/Multiple Reaction Monitoring (LC-MRM) allows to surpass these disadvantages because is highly multiplexable (> 200 proteins/analysis), robust, compatible to the use of protein/peptide standards, and is able to distinguish a wide variety of post translational modifications.In this thesis project, evaluation and validation of the targeted mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) will be perform for the quantification of proteins with clinical interest. In this context, we will present three clinical proteomics developments: apolipoprotein E phenotyping, considered as the best risk factor for Alzheimer's disease; Monoclonal therapeutic antibody (Bevacizumab) quantification in patient serum; and absolute quantification of hepcidin-25 in the context of diseases related to iron metabolism
Marchal, Daniel. "Comparaison de deux voies analytiques : le milieu liquide et le milieu sec : application à l'évaluation clinique d'un nouvel analyseur de biochimie, le cobas mira." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON13510.
Full textAliaga, Isabelle. "Etude de l'utilisation d'enzymes dans le domaine medical : applications analytique et therapeutique." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0037.
Full textCrauste-Manciet, Sylvie. "Exploration du pouvoir (photo)-sensibilisant des benzophénones utilisés en dermocosmétologie : étude clinique et contribution analytique au diagnostic." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P174.
Full textCabassut, Jacques. "Psychopathologie(s) du grand brûlé : modélisation d'une praxis clinique analytique auprès du sujet accidenté et suicidant : thèse." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2013.
Full textSefrioui, David. "Aspect pré analytique et intérêt clinique de la détection d'ADN tumoral circulant par PCR digitale en oncologie digestive." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR075/document.
Full textFor several years, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker providing relevant information to optimize patient care in oncology. The aim of this thesis was both: (i) to evaluate different preanalytical and analytical conditions (digital PCR (dPCR) mainly) for the detection of this biomarker; (ii) to evaluate the potential clinical interest of this biomarker in digestive oncology. The first part reports 3 works (3 original articles including a national collaboration (Parisian team led by J. lost)). In work no. 1, we have shown the feasibility of ctDNA detection by dPCR directly from the plasma of 43 samples from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of circulating KRAS mutations between groups with and without DNA extraction (93% (40/43) versus 88% (38/43), respectively). In work no. 2, we developed a method based on the heparinase addition for the ctDNA detection from 194 heparinized samples of patients followed in oncology. This treatment of samples by heparinase allowed the ctDNA analysis of 117/194 (60%) patients with prior inhibition of dPCR by heparin. Finally, in work no. 3, we compared several ctDNA detection platforms and snowed that dPCR displayed qualitatively and quantitatively comparable detection results with an ultrasensitive platform of E-ice-COLD-PCR for the samples with ctDNA allelic fraction ?.0 4%. The second part reports 3 works (3 original articles) on the clinical interest of the ctDNA detection by dPCR in digestive oncology. We have thus shown that this biomarker had a diagnostic (work no. 4). prognostic (works no. 4 to 6) and predictive response to treatments (work no. 6) interest in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (work no. 4) and mCRC (works no. 5 to 6)
Medeville, Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude analytique et à l'utilisation pratique de quatre paramètres biochimiques d'actualité : HbA1c, fructosamine, microalbuminurie, uricémie." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P114.
Full textBlais, Jonatan. "Validité analytique et clinique en diagnostic moléculaire : étude de cas en génotypage et détection prénatale non-invasive des aneuploïdies." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66974.
Full textThe analytical and clinical validity of molecular diagnostic assays are regularly questioned. Among the most commonly used nuclei acid analysis modalities in clinical laboratories, genotyping by allele-specific PCR and non-invasive prenatal aneuploidy testing (NIPT) by massively parallel sequencing, represent two of the most important applications in terms of volume. Allele drop-out on the one hand, as well as identification of variables determining diagnostic performances, reference material availability and fetal fraction estimation on the other, are all examples of analytical and clinical validity issues for which both the impact, and how well they are taken into account, remain to be evaluated for each of these applications respectively. Representative cases of both applications were therefore selected in order to study certain aspects relevant to each of these issues. In accordance with the doubts raised by several authors, lack of analytical and clinical validity was noted for all aspects examined. In particular, most diagnostic errors caused by allele dropout events were due to stochastic phenomena that cannot be prevented by careful primer design, and PCR precision levels were a limiting factor for analytical and clinical validity of NIPT assays, even though this parameter is seldomly adequately quantified and reported in the literature. Although potential clinical impacts were likely modest at the population level, at the individual level, some of the impacts may nevertheless be significant. Solutions to correct some of these problems are available, while others raise more difficult challenges. The possible causes of this lack of validity affecting molecular diagnostics are partly shared with the general problem of lack of repeatability of scientific results and are partly the result of the technical complexity, relative novelty, and the historically qualitative nature of molecular genetic methods. Integrating clinical standards upstream of the discovery process could contribute to improve analytical and clinical validity of molecular diagnostic tests and possibly to increase “bench-to-bedside” translational yield.
BONNEFOND, MAIMOUNA. "Etude analytique des fractures du col du femur dans un service de gerontologie clinique : hopital de cimiez - chru de nice." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE6530.
Full textDebré, Flora. "Etude analytique de 1047 plaies perforantes du globe oculaire répertoriées à la clinique opthalmologique de Strasbourg de 1965 à 1985." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1M090.
Full textFaure, Nathalie. "La pulsion olfactive - intérêts et perspectives : Pour une prise en compte de l'odeur dans la métapsychologie analytique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2019.
Full textAlthough the sense of smell is studied in the disciplines of the human sciences, it would seem that in psychology of analytical orientation, we are confronted with the little research carried out on this topic. There are a few references in the Skin-ego (Anzieu, 1995), or in the work of Tristani (1978) who proposes to conceive a stage of psychic construction based on the action of breathing, but he only hovers over the importance of odor in this stage. We therefore asked ourselves whether the smell has a place in our psychic construction, with the main hypothesis that there is an olfactory drive that participates in the organization of the subject. To answer the introductory problem, our first part will present a specific analytic literature review. We will begin by evoking the research of Freud and Fliess on the link between smell and hysteria. We will continue with the work of Lacan concerning our subject and a reflection on the contribution of developmental psychology. It will be discussing a possible drive circuit. The second part of this thesis will look at the criteria of the drive in Freud, Hermann and Lacan drive theory. The third part are a theoretical model of the olfactory drive
Rhattat-Boet, Latifa. "Le cas clinique Hanna H. Ou l'ombre de la pulsion de mort : étude psychopathologique et clinique d'une patiente atteinte de psychose maniaco-dépressive à travers quelques séances de psychodrame analytique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070060.
Full textFrom a practical clinical psychologist, the author questions the functions of psychoanalytic psychodrama. Psychodrama as interesting and valuable clinical tool here takes the life events of a patient with manic-depressive illness from a single clinical case. It allows a place of psychic work, reconstruction of the events o' life denied to the sessions and highlights the installation of the bipolar symptoms, namely episodes of mania o melancholy oscillations access (failure, rejection, love Hatred, violence, lack of symbolic support, loss of anchor points, failed the paternal metaphor, Foreclosure Name of the Father). Manic-depressive psychosis, which is common in our clinic has difficulty pointing to the inclusion of social ties, this ability to give life to his being in the clinic real. Compared to the series of cumulative trauma experienced by the patient, we have attempted to trace the course of this broken mirror, will draw figures edge so that it can finally re-register as al adult in his personal history. The psychoanalytic psychodrama favored a privileged process in psychotherapy to work in a staging groupai, the impact of trauma or denied by the bipolar patient. I showed the usefulness of psychodrama in its function of revealing the unconscious individual and family. In this genuine therapeutic work, we hit tkie imagos and tried to put into words the unconscious conflicts. This is a work of psychic reorganization, restoration own identity disturbed by work of distancing the internai object and as a reorganization of the ideal body disturbed badly introjected: The archaic mother "good or all evil, all-powerful anyway. Psychodrama helped to highligh the rebirth of a story of love and hate, a return to affect the emotional amplification due to the group. Its archaic problem is related to the motherly power, first Other contributing to the freeze in a deadly repetition, confined to her bed in the dark, when it is not destroyed by the painful story of his birth , becoming the shadow of the death instinct. Mental suffering of the patient leads a movement towards unbinding forces, so the death instinct. Denial of his suffering prohibits access to representation
Cacchioli-Georgelin, Mélanie. "L'identité narrative dans la clinique des enfants violents accueillis en ITEP." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB128/document.
Full textOur research focuses on the narrative identity of children aged 6 to 12 who are living with ITEP. Psychologist with "violent children" for five years, our thesis is the fruit of an original approach, which is based on both psychopathology, psychoanalysis, philosophy and different cultural sources. For Paul Ricoeur, philosopher, the man is a resolutely narrative being, a being for whom the imperious need to tell the world and to tell stories is the basis of its very essence. It is a question of considering what remains of the singularity of a being over time, the way he lives and tells himself. Through this concept comes a dialectic between oneself and the other, between oneself and the stranger in oneself (sameness and ipseity). The narrative identity is the possibility of a reflexive difference with the event, it is the foundation of the experience with regard to temporality. It is therefore an aspect of self-awareness, an experience of intimacy, the expression of subjectivity as it can be shared and transformed. However, in the clinic of violent children, we observe that all have in common to fail to constitute a story of life, to forge an experience. Everything happens as if the sense of continuity in existence (Winnicott) was a perforated canvas, constantly put back on the job. The psychopathology of so-called "violent" children is complex, it is composed of a very heterogeneous symptomatology, anchored although possibly labile, which originates in the early links. We note the prevalence of learning difficulties in reading and writing, violent acts rather than a putting into words, a lived enamelled ruptures and traumatic events, a difficult identity and filial anchorage and identifications in pain. At the beginning of our research, our work was guided by what we saw as the difficulties experienced by the abusive child in telling a story, let alone in narrating his own story. But this approach is prolonged in that it is a question of wondering why the narrative identity is a key concept to make a contribution to the understanding of the psychic processes at stake. We thus follow the path of the processes of thought obsessed on an unincorporated timebase as a latency period. In addition, it is questioning the relevance and the limits of such a psychotherapeutic approach, questions that we ask from 12 vignettes and 8 cases of children followed in analytical psychotherapy 1 to 3 times per week during 1 at 4 years old. Our research methodology is based on retranscriptions of psychotherapy sessions through play, drawing, imaginary dialogues and speech. We have thought of our clinical practice as a space to set in motion the processes of subjectivation, thus choosing to fire any wood from the material brought by the child. We focus our attention on symbolization processes and their hindrances, perceptible in the transfer. The handling of this one allows to replay present issues, too present but not psychised, in the link to the first objects of these children. We deviate resolutely from an evaluative and behavioral logic to assert the value and timeliness of the transfer clinic in this field, which can be called clinical extreme. We mainly rely, from Freudian metapsychology, on the contributions of Winnicott, Ferenczi and the Lyons school. We specify in what Ricerc philosophy constitutes a figure of otherness for the psychoanalysis and release the epistemological lines of tension between the one and the other field. Finally, our research is driven by a political aim: we wish to testify to the humanitarian urgency that is the situation of these children at the same time as the necessity, the interest and the fertility of the therapeutic work with them
La nostra ricerca si concentra sull'identità narrativa dei bambini dai 6 ai 12 anni che vivono con ITEP. Psicologa con "bambini violenti" per cinque anni, la nostra tesi è il frutto di un approccio originale, che si basa sia su psicopatologia, psicoanalisi, filosofia e diverse fonti culturali. Per Paul Ricoeur, filosofo, l'uomo è un essere risolutamente narrativo, un essere per il quale l'imperioso bisogno di dire al mondo e di raccontare storie è la base della sua stessa essenza. Si tratta di considerare ciò che rimane della singolarità di un essere nel tempo, il modo in cui vive e si racconta. Attraverso questo concetto nasce una dialettica tra sé e l'altro, tra se stessi e lo straniero in se stessi (identità e ipseità). L'identità narrativa è la possibilità di una differenza riflessiva con l'evento, è il fondamento dell'esperienza in relazione alla temporalità. È quindi un aspetto dell'auto-consapevolezza, un'esperienza di intimità, l'espressione della soggettività come può essere condivisa e trasformata. Tuttavia, nella clinica dei bambini violenti, osserviamo che tutti hanno in comune il non riuscire a costituire una storia di vita, a forgiare un'esperienza. Tutto accade come se il senso di continuità dell'esistenza (Winnicott) fosse una tela perforata, costantemente rimessa sul lavoro. La psicopatologia dei cosiddetti bambini "violenti" è complessa, è composta da una sintomatologia molto eterogenea, ancorata sebbene possibilmente labili, che ha origine nei primi legami. Notiamo la prevalenza di difficoltà di apprendimento nella lettura e nella scrittura, atti violenti piuttosto che una messa in parole, una rottura smaltata vissuta e eventi traumatici, un'identità difficile e ancoraggio filiale e identificazioni nel dolore. All'inizio della nostra ricerca, il nostro lavoro è stato guidato da quelle che abbiamo visto come le difficoltà incontrate dal bambino violento nel raccontare una storia, per non parlare della sua storia. Ma questo approccio si prolunga nel fatto che si tratta di chiedersi perché l'identità narrativa sia un concetto chiave per dare un contributo alla comprensione dei processi psichici in gioco, quindi seguiamo il percorso dei processi di pensiero ossessionati da una base dei tempi non incorporata come periodo di latenza. Inoltre, mette in discussione la rilevanza e i limiti di un tale approccio psicoterapeutico, domande che chiediamo da 12 vignette e 8 casi di bambini seguiti in psicoterapia analitica 1-3 volte a settimana durante 1 a 4 anni. La nostra metodologia di ricerca si basa sulla ritrasmissione di sedute di psicoterapia attraverso il gioco, il disegno, i dialoghi immaginari e il parlato. Abbiamo pensato alla nostra pratica clinica come a uno spazio per mettere in moto i processi di soggettivazione, scegliendo così di licenziare qualsiasi legno dal materiale portato dal bambino. Concentriamo la nostra attenzione sui processi di simbolizzazione e sui loro ostacoli, percepibili nel trasferimento. La gestione di questo permette di riprodurre i problemi presenti, troppo presenti ma non psicizzati, nel collegamento ai primi oggetti di questi bambini. Ci scostiamo risolutamente da una logica valutativa e comportamentale per affermare il valore e la tempestività della clinica di trasferimento in questo campo, che può essere definito clinicamente estremo. Principalmente ci affidiamo, dalla metapsicologia freudiana, ai contributi di Winnicott, di Ferenczi e della scuola di Lione. Specifichiamo in che cosa la filosofia Ricœuriana costituisce una figura di alterità per la psicoanalisi e libera le linee di tensione epistemologica tra l'una e l'altra materia. Infine, la nostra ricerca è guidata da un obiettivo politico: desideriamo testimoniare l'urgenza umanitaria che è la situazione di questi bambini nello stesso momento della necessità, l'interesse e la fertilità del lavoro terapeutico con loro
Cazenave, Jean Charles. "Détection de toxoplasmes par amplification enzymatique d'un segment du gène rDNA. Mise au point. Optimisation analytique. Applications bio-cliniques : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30012.
Full textSaldarriaga, Alzate Ana Victoria. "Clinique de la psychose ordinaire avec des enfants et des adolescents." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080126/document.
Full textThis thesis approaches the clinical psychosis with children and adolescents from two different diagnoses: in the first part, the diagnosis of "ordinary psychosis", Lacanian orientation, and, in the second, what has been qualified by certain guidelines post-Freudian "limit", be it a "case", a "state" or a "disorder”. The respective case series have been examined from texts written by psychoanalysts of each orientation. In this thesis, we have been able to verify that, when there have been immediate and positive changes in the actual course of the sessions, it has been thanks to the establishment of the transfer. From this point of view, Lacan has emphasized that the cases qualified as "borderline" are really acts of acting out, through which the subject seeks to turn the transfer of the imaginary register of significations towards the register of the signifiers. In this record, what counts is the symbolic operation in which are taken these signifiers of the language or the lalangue pronounced by the subject. In the ordinary psychosis, the imaginary substitutions, achieved by the subject alone, have acquired, in the presence of the other reality of the transference, stable symbolic supports. In the extraordinary psychosis, when these substitutions have been lacking and the subject makes their call to the other through different manifestations of enjoyment, the acquisition of significant support is sufficient to achieve meaningful subjective changes and the establishment of social bonds. Thanks to the transfer, the extraordinary state becomes ordinary and one can say that in the clinical psychosis there is a before and an after the transfer
Pelaccia, Thierry. "Comment les médecins urgentologues raisonnent-ils au regard des spécificités de leur cadre et de leur mode d'exercice ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG034/document.
Full textIntroduction: the ability to makes decisions is a crucial skill in emergency medicine. Our study aimed at revealing how and when emergency physicians make decisions during the patients' initial management. Methods : we carried out a qualitative research project based on semistructured interviews with emergency physicians. The interviews concerned management of an emergency situation during routine medical practice. They were associated with viewing the video recording of emergency situations filmed in an “own-point-of-view” perspective. Résults : many results are original. Specifically, we showed the major role played by intuition in the decision making process. Moreover, we revealed the way emergency physicians generate and evaluate diagnostic hypotheses. Conclusions : the use of an innovative research method allowed us to better understand the way emergency physicians make decisions in their everyday practice. Our results are associated with several implications for medical education
Le, Scrill Gwénaël. "Hémoglobines glycosylées : aspects analytiques et applications cliniques en diabétologie." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT442P.
Full textSengler, Catherine. "Le crack. Aspects analytiques, biologiques, cliniques et medico-legaux." Antilles-Guyane, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AGUY0054.
Full textAmeline, Alice. "Aspects analytiques, cliniques et médico-judiciaires des nouvelles substances psychoactives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ018/document.
Full textDue to the uncontrolled spread on the Internet and their legal alternative to usual drugs, the new psychoactive substances (NPS), recently appeared (2008), are at the center of recent phenomena of addiction and badly explained deaths. Beyond different challenges in our societies (prevention, legislation), the ability to identify NPS in biological samples, in order to characterize their use, presents many analytical challenges. The main objective of this thesis was to collect biological samples (blood, urine, hair) from cases of exposure to NPS and to characterize the substances present using original analytical methods, in order to enlarge the libraries of mass spectra and improve, as a result, the detection of NPS consumption. In particular, it was intended to increase the detection sensitivity of NPS intake by focusing on the metabolites that are often the major products of elimination. This analytical development, by ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), required several months of optimization in order to obtain a robust, exhaustive and sensitive method. At present, the mass spectra database has 114 NPS and is regularly updated. Thereafter, ma thesis focused on the study of cases of intoxication observed in the emergency department of Strasbourg, but also in legal medicine with situations of deaths and identification of unknown products collected from seizures (powders and crystals). It has also been necessary to implement complementary analytical tools, such as the characterization of metabolites by human liver microsomes (HLMs), and the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to accurately identify the compounds and establish their purity degrees. The analytical tools developed, and the strategy adopted, allowed the writing of 18 publications, as well as the setting up of numerous collaborations
Untereiner, Valérie. "La spectroscopie infrarouge des biofluides dans le domaine biomédical : de l'analyse des facteurs pré-analytiques et analytiques aux applications cliniques." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMM205.
Full textIn the biomedical field, the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic markers to improve patient healthcare is a crucial challenge. Compared to omics techniques like proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, biophotonic techniques applied to biofluids appear as an innovative diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to analyse some pre-analytical and analytical factors to enable the translation to clinical settings. A bibliographical review was carried out to understand the advances and limits of vibrational spectroscopy applied to biofluids. This work highlighted the lack of methodological standardisation on many parameters. From this observation, we investigated the impact of pre-analytical (solvents, anti-coagulants, freeze-thaw cycles) and analytical (sample preparation such as drying, deposit methods, volumes, substrates, operator dependence…) factors that could interfere with biofluid FTIR analysis. We also carried out two studies on human disease, one on the bile spectral analysis for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign strictures of the bile ducts and the other on plasma spectral analysis for the screening of a metabolic disease, galactosemia. The results obtained confirm the potential of biofluid infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool, under standardised protocols, for their implementation in clinical practices
Ntakovanou, Xanthoula. "Représentation musicale et représentation psychique : applications cliniques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC027/document.
Full textThis thesis considers musical representation as a concrete form of mental representation, just as verbal language or image representation. We are questioning which are the particularities of musical representation in human thought. Why does man need musical representation, what are the origins of music and what functions does music serve in human societies ? Which are the differences of the musical code from the code of verbal language ? The first part of our thesis approaches these questions through an interdisciplinary study. Furthermore, we are interested in the elementary structures of musical discourse : rythm, melody and harmony. In the second part of this thesis, we locate the origins of musical rythm in physical body rythms, and the origins of musical melody in the preverbal voice - concretely in the mother's voice. Musical harmony is considered as an artistic application of the universal laws of the acoustic phenomene. In the third part of this thesis the musical code is analysed, as a form of mental representation which encodes meaning and emotion : we attribute to the musical code the capacity to encode, better than language does, not concrete information but inner affective states and body sensations, as well as the experience of human relation. We name sonograms, in analogy to Piera Aulagnier's pictograms, the musical proto-representations which would encode precicely an affective state felt in utero by hormonal circulation associated to a concrete sonor pattern listened by the fetus at the same time. We examine, furthermore, how sonograms would evolve to more elaborated forms of musical representation, that we name fond musical structures (rythm, melody and harmony) and, finaly, to the sophisticated musical code. We consider this latter musical code as a reflection of the subjectivation of the individual, which encodes precicely the human experience of relation, from the initial phase of symbiosis with the mother to the phase of complete autonomy of the child from her. Music is considered as a form of mental representation which may also reflect the eventual pathological aspects of the psychic apparatus, and it is compared to dreaming, to the primary process and the unconscious. In the fourth part of this thesis, we expose the libidinal investment of the subject which takes place through music : the relation of music to narcissism, but also to object investment is questioned. How does sublimation occur in the artistic field, and what is the particularity of musical sublimation ? The sublimation of Eros, but also of Thanatos is analysed in the reality of musical creation, through concrete musical examples. Finally, in the fifth part of our thesis we are investigating the way in which music, as a form of mental representation, could be integrated into psychoanalytical clinical practice. We are describing our protocol of Analytical Musicodrama, a concrete method of musical implication into psychoanalytical clinical practice, both in individual and group analysis. In this protocol, we are using the musical code, which we alternate with verbal language but also with the image representation code, aiming to access thoughs, affective states and the psychological reality of our patients. We are afterwards working on this reality through musical representation. We are also interested in neo-symbolisation which can take place for the subject by means of sonor sensoriality, and could afterwards be encoded into music. Different applications of Analytical Musicodrama and its therapeutic results are illustrated, trough the exposition of various clinical examples
Regnard, Yann. "Le calcul des coûts, à usage interne, des activités cliniques dans les établissements de soins privés à forme commerciale." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN11026.
Full textLe, Pommellec Jean-Yves. "Mesure non invasive des paramètres optiques des tissus biologiques par spectroscopie résolue en fréquence : approche analytique par l'équation de diffusion et implications cliniques." Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0505.
Full textNguyen, Vu Khue. "Dosage de la creatinine par voie enzymatique : detection spectrophotometrique et detection electrochimique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13095.
Full textMeddeb, Romain. "Détection et quantification de l'ADN circulant : conditions pré-analytiques et applications pour le suivi des patients atteints de cancer colorectal." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT037.
Full textThe analysis of circulating DNA has already demonstrated its potential in oncology as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis of relapses, detection of minimal residual disease, monitoring tumor clonal evolution and acquired resistances, as well as a theranostic tool in predicting the efficacy of some targeted therapies. But apart from the recent approval by the FDA of two tests for the detection of EGFR gene alterations in circulating tumor DNA before the initiation of treatment with Gefitinib or Afatinib in non-small cell lung cancer, no application of circulating DNA in oncology has yet been validated in clinical practice. One of the main hurdles that has been well identified for several years, and therefore one of the main challenges for the scientific and medical community, is the harmonization and standardization of pre-analytical procedures for sample processing and associated analytical techniques. In addition, it seems that other recent issues have emerged, including the need for procedures adapted to particular clinical applications. Still with the aim of optimizing the analysis of circulating DNA, one of the two objectives of my thesis project was to study the influence of pre-analytical and demographic parameters on the quantification of circulating nuclear and mitochondrial DNA on a cohort of 104 healthy individuals and 118 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In particular, we showed a significant difference between healthy individuals with an age below and above or equal to the median value (Mann-Whitney U test, Pvalue = 0.009), and between females and males (Whitney U test, Pvalue = 0.048). Multivariate analysis of these data then confirmed that age was the only predictive factor of a high nuclear-related circulating DNA concentration in our healthy individuals’ cohort (Odd Ratio = 2.41, Pvalue = 0.033). All other parameters studied did not show any influence on the quantification of nuclear or mitochondrial circulating DNA in healthy individuals or patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In a second step, aware of the difficulties observed in the literature regarding the lack of harmonization and heterogeneity of results, we proposed a more complete and detailed guideline than that proposed by El Messaoudi et al in 2015, but mainly adapted to different clinical applications in oncology and other fields such as organ transplantation and non-invasive prenatal testing. Based on our own observations and a non-exhaustive review of the literature, this guideline is only validated for the analysis of nuclear circulating DNA. Specificities relative to the study of mitochondrial circulating DNA are now established and require a guideline entirely dedicated to its analysis. The second objective of my thesis project was to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating DNA analysis in the early detection of recurrences in patients curatively treated for stage II/III colorectal cancer, as part of a prospective multicentric clinical study called "DNAcir" promoted by the Limoges University Hospital. At this stage, the results of this project are preliminary and therefore the hypothesis made in this manuscript should be taken with caution. In addition, this thesis work provide a recent review of the literature in the field of circulating DNA and their clinical applications, while providing new knowledge on pre-analytical treatment of samples and also opening up new avenues for reflection, particularly on the potential effect of surgery on the quantification of circulating DNA, or even adjuvant therapy if necessary
Aubé, Alexandra. "Développement de chimie de surface pour la réduction de l’adsorption non-spécifique de lysat cellulaire et application clinique de biocapteurs SPR." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19788.
Full textThis thesis describes the development of clinical biosensors. These biosensors were developed with the aim of improving diagnostic and treatment monitoring methods. Actual monitoring methods often rely on histological analysis performed by experts. This complicates the transmission of the information to the patient and delays the onset of an appropriate treatment. It is envisioned to develop simple experiments at low cost, which will allow untrained personnel to perform the testing on-site with biosensing technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In order to perform SPR in clinical analysis, appropriate surface chemistry must be developed to prevent nonspecific adsorption. Nonspecific adsorption is the fouling of surfaces with biomolecules contained in the sample matrix such as proteins or lipids of biofluids. This leads to false positive signals preventing the correct measurement of the analyte concentration. Peptide and ionic liquid monolayers have been studied in this thesis to prevent nonspecific adsorption of undiluted cell lysate. The most efficient peptide was the 3 MPA (His)2(Leu)2(Phe)2 OH peptide, a 6 amino acids hydrophobic and positively charged peptide. The nonspecific adsorption of cell lysate was reduced to 159 ± 27 ng/cm2, compared to 929 ± 186 ng/cm2 on a bare gold surface. Also, mass spectrometry was performed to better understand the cell lysate nonspecific adsorption phenomenon. This study showed lipids were mostly adsorbed on the sensor when exposed to cell lysate. Despite a significant reduction of nonspecific adsorption with peptides, it remained unoptimal and should be improved. The newly developed hydrophobic and charged ionic liquids nearly eliminated the nonspecific adsorption of undiluted cell lysate, with only 2 ± 2 ng/cm2 of nonspecific material adsorbed on the surface. Then, a biosensor of an aggressive breast cancer biomarker, HER2, was developed. This proved that the ionic liquids could be used in the development of clinical biosensors. Finally, the challenges of the analysis of clinical samples with SPR sensing were explored with the development of an anti-asparaginase biosensor for leukemic patients. Asparaginase is a chemotherapeutic drug administered to patients in combination with various other drugs to treat leukemia. However, many patients suffer from silent allergic reactions due to the bacterial source of this drug. Therefore, a biosensor was developed to detect the antibodies in undiluted serum produced against the drug, which could ultimately serve to modify the patient’s treatment when necessary. Clinical samples from leukemia patients were studied and the results were in good agreement with ELISA experiments.
Marquis, Gravel Guillaume. "Étude de cohorte rétrospective analytique et descriptive des résultats échocardiographiques et cliniques de la chirurgie valvulaire tricuspidienne." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4951.
Full textAbstract - Data regarding surgical management of tricuspid valve disease are based on small cohort studies, and only few of them report echocardiographic results or risk factors for mortality and morbidity. A retrospective descriptive and analytic cohort study was performed in order to analyze the Montreal Heart Institute experience regarding tricuspid valve surgery. Data was extracted from the medical files of patients. During the 1977-2008 period, 792 tricuspid valve repairs and 134 tricuspid valve replacements were performed (median age of patients: 62 years). Operative mortality was 13.8%. Actuarial survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 67±2%, 47±2%, and 29±2%, respectively. At last follow-up, 31% of patients who underwent repair and 12% of patients who underwent replacement had tricuspid regurgitation ≥3/4 (p<0,001). NYHA functional class improved significantly at last follow-up compared to baseline (p<0,001). Propensity score analysis showed that a replacement was associated with increased operative and late mortality rates compared to repair, but with less tricuspid regurgitation ≥2/4 or ≥3/4 at follow-up. The study shows that despite substantial mortality rates, patients experience a significant functional improvement following tricuspid valve surgery. Risk factors for mortality and morbidity are described, and sub-group analyses for triple valve surgery and for isolated tricuspid valve surgery are exposed.