Journal articles on the topic 'Clinical systems for widespread diseases diagnosis and treatment'
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1
Ben Salha, M., and N. B. Repina. "Clinical diagnostics of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20164164-172.
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The article describes the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (NDCTD). NDCTD: it is genetically heterogeneous group, which serves as the basis for the formation of various chronic diseases may cause dysplastic changes in the connective tissue of various organs and systems, but they are based on no clear genetic defect with a certain type of inheritance, are diagnosed when the patient has a set of features does not fit into any of differentiated diseases. Experience shows that such pathology is widespread. The incidence of NDCTD, according to some sources, among young adults up to 80%. If rigid criteria (six or more external fen) NDCTD detection rate is reduced to 20-25%, and the clinical significance of the identified anomalies increases.
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Akgönüllü, Semra, Monireh Bakhshpour, Ayşe Kevser Pişkin, and Adil Denizli. "Microfluidic Systems for Cancer Diagnosis and Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111349.
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Microfluidic devices have led to novel biological advances through the improvement of micro systems that can mimic and measure. Microsystems easily handle sub-microliter volumes, obviously with guidance presumably through laminated fluid flows. Microfluidic systems have production methods that do not need expert engineering, away from a centralized laboratory, and can implement basic and point of care analysis, and this has attracted attention to their widespread dissemination and adaptation to specific biological issues. The general use of microfluidic tools in clinical settings can be seen in pregnancy tests and diabetic control, but recently microfluidic platforms have become a key novel technology for cancer diagnostics. Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that needs a multimodal paradigm to diagnose, manage, and treat. Using advanced technologies can enable this, providing better diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. Microfluidic tools have evolved as a promising tool in the field of cancer such as detection of a single cancer cell, liquid biopsy, drug screening modeling angiogenesis, and metastasis detection. This review summarizes the need for the low-abundant blood and serum cancer diagnosis with microfluidic tools and the progress that has been followed to develop integrated microfluidic platforms for this application in the last few years.
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Iannitto, Emilio, and Claudio Tripodo. "How I diagnose and treat splenic lymphomas." Blood 117, no. 9 (March 3, 2011): 2585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-09-271437.
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Abstract The incidental finding of an isolated splenomegaly during clinical assessment of patients evaluated for unrelated causes has become increasingly frequent because of the widespread use of imaging. Therefore, the challenging approach to the differential diagnosis of spleen disorders has emerged as a rather common issue of clinical practice. A true diagnostic dilemma hides in distinguishing pathologic conditions primarily involving the spleen from those in which splenomegaly presents as an epiphenomenon of hepatic or systemic diseases. Among the causes of isolated splenomegaly, lymphoid malignancies account for a relevant, yet probably underestimated, number of cases. Splenic lymphomas constitute a wide and heterogeneous array of diseases, whose clinical behavior spans from indolent to highly aggressive. Such a clinical heterogeneity is paralleled by the high degree of biologic variation in the lymphoid populations from which they originate. Nevertheless, the presenting clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of these diseases often display significant overlaps. In this manuscript, we present our approach to the diagnosis and treatment of these rare lymphomas, whose complexity has been so far determined by the lack of prospectively validated prognostic systems, treatment strategies, and response criteria.
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El-Rashidy, Nora, Shaker El-Sappagh, S. M. Riazul Islam, Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Samir Abdelrazek. "Mobile Health in Remote Patient Monitoring for Chronic Diseases: Principles, Trends, and Challenges." Diagnostics 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040607.
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Chronic diseases are becoming more widespread. Treatment and monitoring of these diseases require going to hospitals frequently, which increases the burdens of hospitals and patients. Presently, advancements in wearable sensors and communication protocol contribute to enriching the healthcare system in a way that will reshape healthcare services shortly. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is the foremost of these advancements. RPM systems are based on the collection of patient vital signs extracted using invasive and noninvasive techniques, then sending them in real-time to physicians. These data may help physicians in taking the right decision at the right time. The main objective of this paper is to outline research directions on remote patient monitoring, explain the role of AI in building RPM systems, make an overview of the state of the art of RPM, its advantages, its challenges, and its probable future directions. For studying the literature, five databases have been chosen (i.e., science direct, IEEE-Explore, Springer, PubMed, and science.gov). We followed the (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) PRISMA, which is a standard methodology for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A total of 56 articles are reviewed based on the combination of a set of selected search terms including RPM, data mining, clinical decision support system, electronic health record, cloud computing, internet of things, and wireless body area network. The result of this study approved the effectiveness of RPM in improving healthcare delivery, increase diagnosis speed, and reduce costs. To this end, we also present the chronic disease monitoring system as a case study to provide enhanced solutions for RPMs.
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Phillips, Kathryn A., Michael P. Douglas, Sarah Wordsworth, James Buchanan, and Deborah A. Marshall. "Availability and funding of clinical genomic sequencing globally." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 2 (February 2021): e004415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004415.
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The emergence of next-generation genomic sequencing (NGS) tests for use in clinical care has generated widespread interest around the globe, but little is known about the availability and funding of these tests worldwide. We examined NGS availability across world regions and countries, with a particular focus on availability of three key NGS tests—Whole-Exome Sequencing or Whole-Genome Sequencing for diagnosis of suspected genetic diseases such as intellectual disability disorders or rare diseases, non-invasive prenatal testing for common genetic abnormalities in fetuses and tumor sequencing for therapy selection and monitoring of cancer treatment. We found that these NGS tests are available or becoming available in every major region of the world. This includes both high-income countries with robust genomic programmes such as the USA and the UK, and growing availability in countries with upper-middle-income economies. We used exploratory case studies across three diverse health care systems (publicly funded/national (UK), publicly funded/provincial (Canada) and mixed private/public system (USA)) to illustrate the funding challenges and approaches used to address those challenges that might be adopted by other countries. We conclude by assessing what type of data and initiatives will be needed to better track and understand the use of NGS around the world as such testing continues to expand.
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Sharma, Atul, Mihaela Badea, Swapnil Tiwari, and Jean Louis Marty. "Wearable Biosensors: An Alternative and Practical Approach in Healthcare and Disease Monitoring." Molecules 26, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030748.
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With the increasing prevalence of growing population, aging and chronic diseases continuously rising healthcare costs, the healthcare system is undergoing a vital transformation from the traditional hospital-centered system to an individual-centered system. Since the 20th century, wearable sensors are becoming widespread in healthcare and biomedical monitoring systems, empowering continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for monitoring of the diseased condition and health, medical diagnostics and evaluation in biological fluids like saliva, blood, and sweat. Over the past few decades, the developments have been focused on electrochemical and optical biosensors, along with advances with the non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers, bacteria and hormones, etc. Wearable devices have evolved gradually with a mix of multiplexed biosensing, microfluidic sampling and transport systems integrated with flexible materials and body attachments for improved wearability and simplicity. These wearables hold promise and are capable of a higher understanding of the correlations between analyte concentrations within the blood or non-invasive biofluids and feedback to the patient, which is significantly important in timely diagnosis, treatment, and control of medical conditions. However, cohort validation studies and performance evaluation of wearable biosensors are needed to underpin their clinical acceptance. In the present review, we discuss the importance, features, types of wearables, challenges and applications of wearable devices for biological fluids for the prevention of diseased conditions and real-time monitoring of human health. Herein, we summarize the various wearable devices that are developed for healthcare monitoring and their future potential has been discussed in detail.
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Anisimova, Tatyana A., Lyudmila V. Andreeva, Venera P. Akimova, and Tatiana N. Kochemirova. "AN IMPORTED CASE OF TYPHOID FEVER IN CHUVASHIA." Acta medica Eurasica, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2020-4-19-24.
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Typhoid fever and paratyphoids are still a widespread topical problem, especially in connection with the possibility of imported cases from regions that are epidemically disadvantaged by the disease. The current relevance of typhoid fever problem in the Russian Federation is determined by its persistent sporadic morbidity. Reduced control over the sanitary and hygienic state of the environment, deterioration of the quality of water treatment in water supply and sewerage systems, and a number of other reasons can still result in an increase in the number of patients with typhoid-paratyphoid diseases. At the same time, a mild and subtle course of typhoid fever is a common cause of late disease diagnosis and late start of the patient's treatment. Methods of modern diagnosis and treatment of typhoid-paratyphoid disease are considered. The article describes a case of typhoid fever that was diagnosed in the Chuvash Republic in 2017 after a long period of epidemiological welfare. The aim of the study is to analyze an imported case of typhoid fever and characterize the current course of the disease in the period of sporadic morbidity. A retrospective analysis of the patient's history of typhoid fever was performed. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data. To confirm the diagnosis of typhoid fever, bacteriological methods to study blood, urine and feces were used. The study of this female patient's medical history showed that there were no typical symptoms characteristic of typhoid fever: subcutaneous fat was moderately expressed, on palpation submandibular lymph nodes were painless, mobile, of soft-elastic consistency up to 0.6 cm. Nasal breathing was not disturbed, breathing was vesicular, the RR was 16 movements per 1 min., heart tones were muted, rhythmic, the heart rate was 100 beats / min, BP – 120/75 mm Hg, temperature – 39°C. The tongue was dry, coated with a grayish-brown plaque with tooth marks on the edges. The pharynx was moderately hyperemic. The stomach was soft, painless, the liver and the spleen were not enlarged, Padalka’s symptom was negative. The patient reported fecal excretion with a tendency to constipation. There was no CVA tenderness on both sides. Thus, it is difficult to make a diagnosis of typhoid fever with sporadic morbidity. Modern clinical presentation of typhoid fever in moderate severity differs from the classic one. The patient had an atypical course of typhoid fever. Typhoid status was absent. The cutaneous coverings were normal, there was no rash. There was no congestive splenomegaly or Padalka's symptoms. No complications or relapses developed. The diagnosis was made only when the pathogen was seeded from the blood (hemoculture) and basing on clear epidemiological data.
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Radiuk, Pavlo, Olexander Barmak, and Iurii Krak. "An Approach to Early Diagnosis of Pneumonia on Individual Radiographs based on the CNN Information Technology." Open Bioinformatics Journal 14, no. 1 (November 19, 2021): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036202114010093.
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Aim: This study investigates the topology of convolutional neural networks and proposes an information technology for the early detection of pneumonia in X-rays. Background: For the past decade, pneumonia has been one of the most widespread respiratory diseases. Every year, a significant part of the world's population suffers from pneumonia, which leads to millions of deaths worldwide. Inflammation occurs rapidly and usually proceeds in severe forms. Thus, early detection of the disease plays a critical role in its successful treatment. Objective: The most operating means of diagnosing pneumonia is the chest X-ray, which produces radiographs. Automated diagnostics using computing devices and computer vision techniques have become beneficial in X-ray image analysis, serving as an ancillary decision-making system. Nonetheless, such systems require continuous improvement for individual patient adjustment to ensure a successful, timely diagnosis. Methods: Nowadays, artificial neural networks serve as a promising solution for identifying pneumonia in radiographs. Despite the high level of recognition accuracy, neural networks have been perceived as black boxes because of the unclear interpretation of their performance results. Altogether, an insufficient explanation for the early diagnosis can be perceived as a severe negative feature of automated decision-making systems, as the lack of interpretation results may negatively affect the final clinical decision. To address this issue, we propose an approach to the automated diagnosis of early pneumonia, based on the classification of radiographs with weakly expressed disease features. Results: An effective spatial convolution operation with several dilated rates, combining various receptive feature fields, was used in convolutional layers to detect and analyze visual deviations in the X-ray image. Due to applying the dilated convolution operation, the network avoids significant losses of objects' spatial information providing relatively low computational costs. We also used transfer training to overcome the lack of data in the early diagnosis of pneumonia. An image analysis strategy based on class activation maps was used to interpret the classification results, critical for clinical decision making. Conclusion: According to the computational results, the proposed convolutional architecture may be an excellent solution for instant diagnosis in case of the first suspicion of early pneumonia.
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DOUGAN, S., B. G. EVANS, N. MACDONALD, D. J. GOLDBERG, O. N. GILL, K. A. FENTON, and J. ELFORD. "HIV in gay and bisexual men in the United Kingdom: 25 years of public health surveillance." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 2 (July 30, 2007): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807009120.
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SUMMARYIt is more than 25 years since the first case of AIDS was reported in the United Kingdom. In December 1981 a gay man was referred to a London hospital with opportunistic infections indicative of immunosuppression. National surveillance began the following year, in September 1982, with the notification of deaths and clinical reports of AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma plus laboratory reports of opportunistic infections. Since then epidemiological surveillance systems have evolved, adapting to, and taking advantage of advances in treatments and laboratory techniques. The introduction of the HIV antibody test in 1984 led to the reporting of HIV-positive tests by laboratories and the establishment of an unlinked anonymous survey in 1990 measuring undiagnosed HIV infection among gay men attending sexual health clinics. The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) since 1996 has averted many deaths among HIV-positive gay men and has also resulted in a large reduction in AIDS cases. This led to a need for an enumeration of gay men with HIV accessing NHS treatment and care services (1995 onwards), more clinical information on HIV diagnoses for epidemiological surveillance (2000 onwards) and the routine monitoring of drug resistance (2001 onwards). Twenty-five years after the first case of AIDS was reported, gay and bisexual men remain the group at greatest risk of acquiring HIV in the United Kingdom. Latest estimates suggest that in 2004, 26 500 gay and bisexual men were living with HIV in the United Kingdom, a quarter of whom were undiagnosed. In this review, we examine how national surveillance systems have evolved over the past 25 years in response to the changing epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among gay and bisexual men in the United Kingdom as well as advances in laboratory techniques and medical treatments. We also reflect on how they will need to continue evolving to effectively inform health policy in the future.
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Vieira, Fina, Mamadu Saliu Sanha, Fabio Riccardi, and Raffaella Colombatti. "SHORT TERM ADVANTAGES OF A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR TUBERCULOSIS IN GUINEA BISSAU: REDUCTION OF MORTALITY AND INCREASED DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2014): e2014049. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2014.049.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is widespread in Africa, but weak health systems in developing countries, often display poor quality of care with delays in case identification, irrational therapy and drug shortage, clinical mismanagement, unnecessary expenditures for patients, reduced adherence and increased mortality. Public-private partnership has demonstrated to increase TB case detection, but less is known about its effects on quality of care, mortality and costs for hospitalized TB patients. Methods: Clinical outcomes and costs for TB patients at the TB National Reference Center of Bissau, in Guine Bissau, West Africa were determined during the first 5 months of the public-private management and compared to the ones of previous years when the hospitals was under direct Government’s management. Results: 215 (2009) and 194 (2013) patients were admitted, respectively. Improvement (p<0.05) was observed in mortality reduction (21% vs 6%), analysis prescription and diagnosis (39% vs 100%), cause of death determination (50% vs 85%), treatment abandonment (15 vs 1). Direct costs for patients during TB diagnostic pathway and inpatient care were significantly reduced, 475 vs 0 USD. Conclusions: Public-private partnerships displays important short term benefits in National TB reference centers, even in post-conflict and low-resource countries. Further studies could aid in determining the overall long term benefits of this type of cooperation and the specific characteristic of TB and concomitant hematologic and infectious diseases in TB admitted patients.
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Komarovskaya, E. I., and O. V. Perelygina. "Current incidence of certain clostridial infections: gas gangrene and tetanus." BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 21, no. 1 (March 13, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2021-21-1-31-38.
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Clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene (myonecrosis) and tetanus are relatively rare nowadays, but they are still considered serious conditions associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Life-threatening infections caused by Clostridium species have been known and studied for centuries, as they differed from other infections in terms of typical clinical manifestations, challenges of therapy and prevention. The aim of the study was to analyse the global incidence of gas gangrene and tetanus and challenges of prevention and treatment of these diseases. The review of up-to-date scientific literature demonstrated that gas gangrene continues to be a problem due to its rapid progression and challenging treatment. There are two main forms of the disease—traumatic and spontaneous. Traumatic gas gangrene is usually caused by C. perfringens, C. septicum, C. novyi (oedematiens), or C. histolyticum. Its incidence increases dramatically during wars, natural disasters, and other calamities. The literature review demonstrated that over the past 40 years there has been a rise in the frequency of spontaneous gas gangrene caused by C. septicum in people with compromised immune systems, in injecting drug users, and in women during various gynecological procedures and during normal delivery. Despite the effectiveness of the tetanus immunisation programme, the infection remains widespread in countries with insufficient vaccination coverage. The risk of tetanus in developed countries is high among elderly unvaccinated or partially vaccinated people, among injecting drug users, and vaccine refusers. The paper describes some clinical cases of gas gangrene and tetanus which demonstrate problems associated with challenging diagnosis and treatment, low awareness among primary healthcare personnel about mechanisms of anaerobic infection development, and anti-vaccination movement.
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Nara, Peter L., Daniel Sindelar, Marc S. Penn, Jan Potempa, and W. Sue T. Griffin. "Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles as the Major Driver of and Explanation for Neuropathogenesis, the Cholinergic Hypothesis, Iron Dyshomeostasis, and Salivary Lactoferrin in Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 1417–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210448.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a primary oral pathogen in the widespread biofilm-induced “chronic” multi-systems inflammatory disease(s) including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is possibly the only second identified unique example of a biological extremophile in the human body. Having a better understanding of the key microbiological and genetic mechanisms of its pathogenesis and disease induction are central to its future diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention. The published literature around the role of Pg in AD highlights the bacteria’s direct role within the brain to cause disease. The available evidence, although somewhat adopted, does not fully support this as the major process. There are alternative pathogenic/virulence features associated with Pg that have been overlooked and may better explain the pathogenic processes found in the “infection hypothesis” of AD. A better explanation is offered here for the discrepancy in the relatively low amounts of “Pg bacteria” residing in the brain compared to the rather florid amounts and broad distribution of one or more of its major bacterial protein toxins. Related to this, the “Gingipains Hypothesis”, AD-related iron dyshomeostasis, and the early reduced salivary lactoferrin, along with the resurrection of the Cholinergic Hypothesis may now be integrated into one working model. The current paper suggests the highly evolved and developed Type IX secretory cargo system of Pg producing outer membrane vesicles may better explain the observed diseases. Thus it is hoped this paper can provide a unifying model for the sporadic form of AD and guide the direction of research, treatment, and possible prevention.
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Hussain, Mubashir, Mu Lv, Xiaohan Dong, Han Shen, Wei Wang, Song Li, Zhu Chen, et al. "Design of Rapid Bacterial Identification System Based on Scattering of Laser Light and Classification of Binned Plots." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17491.
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The rapid detection and classification of bacterial pathogens have great medical utility, and widespread applications in clinical labs, intensive care units, and infectious disease departments. The Rapid Bacterial Identification System (RBIS) is based on the principle of variation in light scattering when the laser beam passes through bacterial microbes. The use of laser light scattering and classification of binned plots algorithm gives a new dimension for real-time identification of different pathogens without any biochemical processing. Bacterium identification device consists of an assembly of photodetectors surrounded by the bacterial sample at different angles. The photodetectors acquire the scattered light in form of peaks when the laser beam passes by the sample. The acquired peak values were used to create 3D histograms to evaluate the frequency of occurrence. However, the identification is based on creating two dimensional binned plots with the help of the frequency of occurrence of peak values across two photodetectors. The algorithm of the system consists of two parts: Library files and the Comparator. Library files contain data of bacterial species in form of binned plots, while comparator compares the data of test sample with library files. The classification of sample depends on the maximum resemblance of the number of binned plots with library files. The classification of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli gives mean accuracies of 81.8%, 70.9%, and 71.4 %, respectively. The proposed system can be applied to future real-time intelligent theranostic systems for diagnosis and treatment of pathogenic diseases.
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Simakova, E. N., and O. V. Stenkova. "Clinical efficacy of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with unoperated open-angle glaucoma." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 3-4 (February 11, 2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2019-3-4-97-105.
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Introduction. Glaucoma is one of the most significant eye diseases. It is often diagnosed, not always amenable to therapy, and can lead to a complete loss of visual functions. In recent years, the method of osteopathic correction has become widespread as one of the effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pathologies of various body systems. In the pathogenesis of glaucoma, it is customary to distinguish a dystrophic concept, which considers primary open-angle glaucoma as a result of dystrophic changes in the connective tissue, as well as in the endothelial lining of the trabeculae and Schlemm′s canal, especially destructive changes in mitochondria and the alteration of their functional activity. A vascular concept is also distinguished. According to this concept, the central link in the pathogenesis of glaucoma is circulatory disorder in the ciliary vessels, ocular artery, and major vessels of the head and neck, it can be assumed that osteopathic correction in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma will be pathogenetically substantiated and will have a positive effect on intraocular pressure and trophicity of the optic nerve. The goal of research — to study the influence of in osteopathic correction on the nature of unoperated glaucoma (stage IIA) and to substantiate the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with this pathology.Materials and methods. A prospective controlled randomized study was conducted at 52 city polyclinics, branch 3, Moscow, from January 2018 to January 2019. 40 patients (70 eyes) aged 50 to 75 years with primary open-angle glaucoma IIA stage were examined. At this stage of the disease, patients most often seek medical care and the issue of conservative management is primarily considered. All patients were divided into two groups of 20 people: the main group and the control group. The treatment in the main group included hypotensive drug therapy and osteopathic correction. Patients of the control group received only drug therapy. All patients underwent ophthalmic (visometry, tonometry, perimetry) and osteopathic examination twice: before the treatment and after 3 months.Results. For patients with primary open-angle IIA non-operated glaucoma, regional (most often regions of the head, neck, dura mater) and local (abdominal diaphragm, iliac bones, hip and knee joints) somatic dysfunctions were the most typical. In the main group a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and severity of dysfunctions at all levels was stated. Also, in patients receiving osteopathic correction, a significant decrease in the level of intraocular pressure and perimetric indices was noted. In patients of the control group, no reliable changes in these indicators were obtained.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that osteopathic correction is clinically effective in the complex treatment of patients with primary open-angle II A glaucoma.
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Camilleri, Michael. "Diagnosis and treatment of enteric neuromuscular diseases." Clinical Autonomic Research 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-003-0073-y.
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Grineva, A. A., V. V. Vasilev, T. A. Kashtanova, and I. V. Kyanksep. "Antenatal diagnostic and treatment of congenital infection coused by parvovirus B19 (clinical case)." Journal Infectology 12, no. 4 (October 17, 2020): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-4-109-113.
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Parvovirus infection is a widespread disease with a high risk of transplacental transmission among infected pregnant women, which leads to fetal death or the development of severe congenital disease in the newborn. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of parvovirus infection in pregnant women provide the opportunity for a favorable outcome of the disease, preserving the life and health of the child. A clinical case of antenatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital parvovirus infection with the development of severe anemia in the fetus and the results of postnatal observation are presented.
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Khamitov, R. F., and L. Y. Palmova. "Sleep apnea in real clinical practice." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 6 (December 15, 2012): 932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2109.
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The article is addressed to attract the attention of the physicians mainly dealing with out-patients to the actual problem - sleep apnea. This condition is commonly masked by widespread internal diseases and other conditions, like cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, obesity, diseases of pharynx and larynx. At the same time, its’ timely diagnosis and treatment are extremely important, because it may lead to non-responsiveness to arterial hypertension treatment, increases the risk of arrhythmias and other fatal complications. The article presents the case report of primary diagnosis of sleep apnea (from author’s practice) and its possible treatment options.
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Chuprina, G. "Multiple sclerosis: etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment (clinical lecture)." East European Journal of Neurology, no. 5(17) (November 20, 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2017.5(17).27-37.
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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of an infectious and allergic origin, which usually begins at a young age, manifested by signs of a multifocal lesion mainly in the central nervous system, it has a remitting, less progressive nature of the course, often leads to disability. Multiple sclerosis is the most famous and widespread throughout the globe demyelinating diseases of the nervous system. According to the prevalence, it ranks fourth after cerebral stroke, epilepsy and parkinsonism, and is among the so-called "Four riders of the neurological apocalypse", according to their medical consequences and social consequences. The main variants of the development of multiple sclerosis are remitting, secondary and primary-progressive flow. The remitting flow (85-90% of patients in the early stages of the disease) is characterized by pronounced exacerbations followed by complete or partial restoration of impaired functions without signs of progression during remission periods. With secondary progressive scattered sclerosis, the remitting nature changes with a gradual increase in neurological symptoms with or without rare exacerbations, with minor stabilization or remission periods. A similar transformation is observed 10 years after the onset of the disease in almost 50% of patients, and in 25 years - in 80% of patients. At the primary progressive scattered (10-15%) progression is noted from the very beginning with isolated periods of stabilization and temporary minor improvement. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics, differential diagnosis, treatment of multiple sclerosis are considered.
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Brouwer, Matthijs C., Allan R. Tunkel, and Diederik van de Beek. "Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 23, no. 3 (July 2010): 467–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00070-09.
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SUMMARY The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.
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Sobolevskiy, K. V., I. A. Otmakhova, B. Ya Gadirova, and Zh E. Zueva. "Clinical case of acute hepatitis caused by parvovirus B 19." Journal Infectology 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-154-158.
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Parvovirus infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world. Parvovirus В19 can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations with possible long-term viral persistence. Infectious erythema, arthropathy, fetal infection, and blood cell aplasia are the most common manifestations of parvovirus infection. A case of diagnosis and treatment of a rare variant of parvovirus B19 infection that occurred as acute hepatitis is presented.
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Zimeras, S., and L. G. Gortzis. "Interactive Tele-Radiological Segmentation Systems for Treatment and Diagnosis." International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/713739.
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Telehealth is the exchange of health information and the provision of health care services through electronic information and communications technology, where participants are separated by geographic, time, social and cultural barriers. The shift of telemedicine from desktop platforms to wireless and mobile technologies is likely to have a significant impact on healthcare in the future. It is therefore crucial to develop a general information exchange e-medical system to enables its users to perform online and offline medical consultations through diagnosis. During the medical diagnosis, image analysis techniques combined with doctor’s opinions could be useful for final medical decisions. Quantitative analysis of digital images requires detection and segmentation of the borders of the object of interest. In medical images, segmentation has traditionally been done by human experts. Even with the aid of image processing software (computer-assisted segmentation tools), manual segmentation of 2D and 3D CT images is tedious, time-consuming, and thus impractical, especially in cases where a large number of objects must be specified. Substantial computational and storage requirements become especially acute when object orientation and scale have to be considered. Therefore automated or semi-automated segmentation techniques are essential if these software applications are ever to gain widespread clinical use. The main purpose of this work is to analyze segmentation techniques for the definition of anatomical structures under telemedical systems.
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Cherednichenko, T., V. Sereda, N. Svyrydova, T. Parnikoza, G. Chuprina, N. Khanenko, R. Sulik, O. Mykytei, and V. Svystun. "Vegetative-vascular dystonia: etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment (clinical lecture)." East European Journal of Neurology, no. 1(13) (March 20, 2017): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2017.1(13).34-39.
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This article discusses the clinical lecture on the problem of terminology, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of vegetative dystonia. Also featuring a modern classification of autonomic disorders, are the criteria for the differential diagnosis of autonomic crises. Given the urgency of the problem in the structure of autonomic disorders of neurological diseases, the focus of the lecture material placed on pathogenetically justified therapeutic measures. The manifestations of dysregulation manifest as dysfunction of the endocrine, simpatoadrenalovoj and cholinergic systems, disorders of water and salt, and acid-base status, oxygen supply of physical activity, the oxygen reduction in the tissues, which leads to activation of metabolic disorders, microcirculation with the development of pathological processes in the myocardium and the emergence of hypertension. Therefore, expansion of clinical and diagnostic indicators in preparation for the lecture topics will contribute to a more effective professional development specialists.
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Bahal, Priya, Meenakshi Malhi, Sajni Shah, and Mark Ide. "Managing the consequences of periodontal diseases/treatment: gingival recession." Dental Update 46, no. 10 (November 2, 2019): 966–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2019.46.10.966.
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Gingival recession is a widespread clinical finding that can lead to discomfort, root caries and periodontal problems for some patients, yet be of no consequence for others. There are certain factors which may increase the risk of significant recession, and likewise a range of management strategies exist. The causes, identification, risk factors and treatment options for recession are discussed. This will allow the practitioner to recognize the most suitable treatment options in conjunction with the patient, following an informed discussion and, if appropriate, refer for further care. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Whilst gingival recession may be nothing more than a minor inconvenience for some patients, in certain cases it can present a significant problem for patients requiring professional interventions including surgery. This article summarizes the aetiology, diagnosis and management options available.
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Pathak, Shelly, Michael F. McDermott, and Sinisa Savic. "Autoinflammatory diseases: update on classification diagnosis and management." Journal of Clinical Pathology 70, no. 1 (September 19, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203810.
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The spectrum of systemic autoinflammatory disorders broadens continually. In part, this is due to the more widespread application of massive parallel sequencing, helping with novel gene discovery in this and other areas of rare diseases. Some of the conditions that have been described fit neatly into a conventional idea of autoinflammation. Others, such as interferon-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, are broadening the concept which we consider to be autoinflammatory disorders. There is also a widening of the clinical phenotypes associated with certain genetic mutations, as genetic testing is used more regularly and increasing numbers of patients are screened. It is also increasingly evident that both autoinflammatory and autoimmune problems are frequently seen as complications of primary immunodeficiency disorders. The aim of this review is to provide an update on some recently discovered conditions and to discuss how these disorders help to define the concept of autoinflammation. The review will also cover recent discoveries in the biology of innate-immune-mediated inflammation and describe how this has provided the biological rationale for using anti-interleukin-1 therapies in the treatment of many such conditions. Finally, we discuss the importance of recognising somatic mutations as causes of autoinflammatory clinical phenotypes and provide practical advice on how this could be tackled in everyday clinical practice.
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Polozova, Ella, Vsevolod Skvortsov, Olga Radaykina, Mariya Narvatkina, Anastasiya Seskina, Ekaterina Puzanova, and Yuliya Titoykina. "Clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2002-04.
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The widespread prevalence of comorbid pathology determines the relevance of this problem. Comorbid pathology due to the interaction of diseases, drug pathomorphism, age characteristics of the patient, significantly changes clinical picture and course of the main nosology, affects severity of complications and their nature, significantly affects quality of life and prognosis of patients. Diagnosis and treatment of many diseases is complicated in the conditions of comorbidity. The article presents a clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension from the moment of exposure to risk factors and ending with the formation of many concomitant diseases, as an example of trans-nosological comorbidity.
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Levytska, V. A., and A. B. Mushynskyi. "DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TICK-BORNE DISEASES OF PETS." Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, no. 32 (June 29, 2020): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2020-1-20.
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of tick-borne diseases around the world, especially borreliosis, rickettsiosis (anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis), tick-borne encephalitis and others. Climate and environmental changes, migration (movement) of domestic animals lead to changes in the epizootiological situation regarding communicable diseases. The analysis of epizootological, clinical, laboratory data is carried out. The data of scientific researches concerning tick-borne diseases, namely borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, tick-borne encephalitis, louping-ill infection are generalized. In recent years, infectious and invasive animal diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and protozoa transmitted by ticks have become a new challenge in health and veterinary practice. Many such diseases are zoonoses and lead to disability and mortality in humans and animals. Ixodid ticks often attack animals and humans and are widespread throughout Europe, as well as being involved in the transmission of a large number of tick-borne diseases. Currently, one of the biggest threats is the pathogens of the complex Borrelia burgdorferi s. l., which belong to the spirochetes and affect various species of mammals and birds and are transmitted by ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus and Ixodes persulcatus). The disease is of great epidemiological importance for human health. Diagnosis and treatment are insufficiently developed. Ehrlichia spp. are gramnegative, obligate intracellular bacteria from the family Anaplasmataceae. In Europe, Ehrlichia canis is the etiological agent of monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs. The main host of E. canis is a dog (other dogs can serve as reservoir hosts); vector - Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Tick-borne encephalitis, as well as louping-ill infection, are diseases transmitted by Ixodid ticks and pose a danger to dogs, cats and other animals, as well as people in Europe. At present, all these diseases acquire important epizootological significance, as diagnosis and treatment are complicated. The main measure of disease prevention among dogs is the effective protection of animals from tick attack. Tick-borne diseases are a type of infectious and invasive diseases of animals and humans, the causative agents of which spread from one susceptible subject to another with the participation of blood-sucking arthropods. The most common and clinically significant diseases are: borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, tick-borne encephalitis and other. Systematic studies of zoonotic diseases have not been conducted in Ukraine. Systematic monitoring of pathogens and effective control of communicable diseases of animals are the basis for improving the epidemiological situation among the population.
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Bentsa, T. M. "Connective tissue dysplasia: features of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment." Medicine of Ukraine, no. 7(253) (September 22, 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37987/1997-9894.2021.7(253).245657.
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Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is one of the complex issues of modern medicine. It is a unique developmental anomaly that includes a large heterogeneous group of conditions. The systemic nature of the lesion is due to the wide distribution of connective tissue in the body. Dysplastic changes in the connective tissue of various organs and systems are diagnosed when a patient has a set of signs that do not fit into any of the differentiated diseases. The article presents a review of the literature on the definition, causes of development, clinical forms, general approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of CTD.
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Ryabov, M. V., L. V. Mikhaleva, E. F. Stranadko, R. A. Duvanskiy, and V. A. Duvanskiy. "Outlooks of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cervical diseases in routine clinical practice." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 19, no. 6 (2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2020-6-34-40.
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Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Despite the existence of well-developed classical approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, cervical cancer demonstrates one of the highest incidence and mortality rates among female cancers. Cervical diseases are widespread, can develop at any age, and often preceded cancer development. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new and unique treatment for cancer and a number of non-malignant diseases, which is based on systemic or topical administration of photosensitizers, followed by laser exposure. We analyzed foreign and Russian articles published between 2004 and 2018 evaluating the efficacy of PDT in patients with precancerous diseases and early cervical cancer. PDT is a highly effective treatment method, which causes no complications and can eliminate human papilloma virus. We assessed potential outlooks of wide clinical use of PDT. Key words: cervical dysplasia, photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, laser, human papillomavirus
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Larsen, John W., W. David Hager, Charles H. Livengood, and Udo Hoyme. "Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Postoperative Infections." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (2003): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744903000097.
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Bacterial contamination of the operative site is a common occurrence in obstetrics and gynecology. The widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis has reduced but not eliminated serious postoperative infections. For most operations, a single dose of a limited-spectrum drug has been as effective as a multidose regimen. In the differential diagnosis it is important to consider cellulitis, abscess, necrotizing fasciitis and septic pelvic thrombophlebitis. Abscess and necrotizing fasciitis are expected to require invasive therapy in addition to antibiotics, while cellulitis and septic pelvic thrombophlebitis should respond to medical management alone. Although a postoperative fever is a warning sign of possible infection, it may also be caused by the antibiotics that are given for treatment. The use of prolonged courses of antibiotics once the patient is clinically well is discouraged. While clinical guidelines are provided for use in the diagnosis and management of postoperative infections, these recommendations are intended for general direction and not as an exclusive management plan.
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Orlova, N. V. "Chronic cough: differential diagnosis and treatment." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 17 (November 22, 2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-17-124-131.
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Cough is one of the most common symptoms and is present in diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine and other systems. Cough is a reflex act, therefore it is caused by stimulation of cough receptors due to pathological influences. The diagnosis takes into account the nature of the cough, its duration, the results of laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The most attention is required to diagnose chronic cough and exclude life-threatening causes. Symptoms of anxiety are hemoptysis, prolonged resistant cough, prolonged intoxication syndrome, weight loss, etc. In diagnostically unclear cases, the examination schedule must include computed tomography of the chest, magnetic resonance imaging and bronchoscopy. A dry, painful intense cough can lead to the development of complications: a decrease in the quality of life, hemorrhages, pneumothorax, etc., therefore, requires symptomatic treatment. A common cause of unproductive cough is viral diseases, whooping cough, diseases leading to overactive cough receptors. The variety of coughs determines a differentiated approach to its therapy. The main efforts should be directed to the treatment of the underlying disease. In the case of a productive cough, mucoactive drugs are used. To stop unproductive cough, antitussive drugs of central and peripheral action are used. The recommendations of the European Respiratory Society present the results of clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of antitussive drugs with morphine-like action. The study identified side effects that limit their use. One of the most effective and safe drugs is a non-opioid drug with a central action Sinekod. The effectiveness and safety of the drug is confirmed by clinical studies.
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Bobykin, E. V., O. V. Morozova, and N. S. Beresneva. "Treatment of macular diseases: an overview of key randomized clinical trials." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 14, no. 4 (January 4, 2022): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-4-137-148.
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Macular diseases are traditionally a serious issue in ophthalmology, which has great social impact due to widespread occurrence and significant vision loss, often irreversible. Over the past few decades, the possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies of the retina and choroid have been significantly expanded. Randomized clinical trials provided ophthalmologists with valuable information on the natural course and treatment strategies of common retinal diseases from the viewpoint of evidence-based medicine. However, due to the large number of trials conducted, it is often difficult to make an adequate choice of data to be used in daily practice. In this review, we systematize the most valuable randomized clinical trials. To this end, we selected 42 randomized clinical studies conducted between 1979 and 2019 and focused on the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AREDS 1, AREDS 2, ANCHOR, MARINA, PrONTO, CATT, IVAN, VIEW 1, VIEW 2, EVEREST II, PLANET, SEVEN-UP, ALTAIR, HAWK, HARRIER), choroidal neovascularization of multiple etiology (myopic, post-inflammatory, angioid-streak-related, etc. — RADIANCE, REPAIR, MYRROR, MINERVA), diabetic eye lesions (diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema — ETDRS, DRCR.net Protocols B, I, S and T, RISE, RIDE, VIVID-DME, VISTA-DME, MEAD, FAME), retinal vein occlusions (BVOS, CVOS, SCORE-CRVO, SCORE-BRVO, BRAVO, CRUISE, GALILEO, COPERNICUS, VIBRANT), as well as retinopathy of prematurity (CRYO-ROP, ETROP, RAINBOW). The review summarizes the main results of these studies, which confirm the effectiveness and safety of such treatment methods as antiVEGF and photodynamic therapy, retinal laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, corticosteroids and nutraceuticals from the viewpoint of evidence-based medicine. For greater clarity, we provide a table summarizing information on each of the randomized clinical trials considered.
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Giudice, Valentina, Francesca Mensitieri, Viviana Izzo, Amelia Filippelli, and Carmine Selleri. "Aptamers and Antisense Oligonucleotides for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093252.
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Aptamers or chemical antibodies are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that bind proteins and small molecules with high affinity and specificity by recognizing tertiary or quaternary structures as antibodies. Aptamers can be easily produced in vitro through a process known as systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) or a cell-based SELEX procedure. Aptamers and modified aptamers, such as slow, off-rate, modified aptamers (SOMAmers), can bind to target molecules with less polar and more hydrophobic interactions showing slower dissociation rates, higher stability, and resistance to nuclease degradation. Aptamers and SOMAmers are largely employed for multiplex high-throughput proteomics analysis with high reproducibility and reliability, for tumor cell detection by flow cytometry or microscopy for research and clinical purposes. In addition, aptamers are increasingly used for novel drug delivery systems specifically targeting tumor cells, and as new anticancer molecules. In this review, we summarize current preclinical and clinical applications of aptamers in malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases.
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Garbuzenko, D. V. "Principles of diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-induced liver fibrosis." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 7 (May 14, 2022): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-7-104-114.
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Alcohol-related liver diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, primarily due to complications of liver cirrhosis (LC). Early detection of alcohol-induced liver fibrosis (LF) is a difficult task, since often alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is clinically manifested only at late stages. Given that not all alcoholic suffer from ALD, the widespread use of liver biopsy to verify the diagnosis is not advisable. Despite the variety of proposed non-invasive methods for assessing the severity of LF in patients with ALD, none of them has sufficient validation and therefore cannot be recommended for widespread use in clinical practice. The most well-studied transient elastography, due to its suboptimal specificity, can be effectively used only to exclude clinically significant LF or LC. The only proven approach to treat ALD is persistent and total alcohol abstinence. While the therapeutic options for patients with severe forms of acute hepatitis remain unchanged since the 70s of the last century and are based mainly on the use of corticosteroids, currently, there are no approaches to antifibrotic therapy of ALD approved by the guidelines. At the same time, modern achievements in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease have served as an impetus for the development of ways to solve the problem. In particular, providing intestinal eubiosis may be an important goal for the prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced LF. Randomized controlled multicenter trials involving a large number of patients are needed to confirm this and other hypotheses related to antifibrotic therapy of ALD and to accept them as a standard of medical care.
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Panaseiko, Yu N. "Possibilities of osteopathic methods of diagnosis and correction in gallbladder dyskinesia." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2021-4-93-104.
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Functional disorders of the digestive system (including gallbladder dyskinesia) are widespread among the adult population of the Russian Federation. Their combination in a fairly large percentage of cases with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine, and the probable vertebrogenic causality of a number of the gastrointestinal tract pathological conditions lead to the need using new approaches in diagnosis and treatment, including non-drug methods. This clinical case shows the possibility of osteopathic diagnostics and correction in gallbladder dyskinesia.
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Samotolkina, E. A., A. V. Pokrovskaya, S. V. Matosova, and E. A. Domonova. "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients: clinical features and diagnosis (literature review)." Journal Infectology 11, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-3-5-12.
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is one of the most severe opportunistic diseases of the central nervous system, which leads to multiple demyelination of brain structures, neurological symptoms and frequent death or disability of the patient. The etiological factor of this disease is Human polyomavirus 2 (JCPyV).This pathogen is widespread – antibodies are found in 80% of the world›s population. However, the clinical symptoms of this infection appear only in people with a pronounced decline in cellular immunity. Until 1980 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was extremely rarely diagnosed. Now days the main cause of the clinical symptoms of PML is immunodeficiency caused by HIV infection. Clinical manifestations of PML are characterized by various non-specific neurological symptoms, similar to other lesions of the central nervous system, the symptoms progress slowly over several months, and usually lead to death. Diagnosis of PML is based on laboratory and instrumental methods, such as DNA JCPyV detection in the cerebrospinal fluid, brain biopsy, and radiation diagnostic methods. There is no effective prevention and etiotropic therapy for PML. Improved parameters of cellular immunity and antiretroviral treatment in HIV positive patients significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with PML. Despite the ability of drugs to prevent the progression of the disease, pathological changes in the brain are irreversible and lead to persistent disability of patients, therefore, it is necessary to diagnose PML in the early stages of the disease.
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KASABALIS (Δ. ΚΑΣΑΜΠΑΛΗΣ), D., N. SOUBASIS (Ν. ΣΟΥΜΠΑΣΗΣ), and T. A. PETANIDES (ΠΕΤΑΝΙΔΗΣ Θ.Α.). "Feline hyperthyroidism: diagnosis and treatment." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 64, no. 3 (December 19, 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15500.
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Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in cats older than 8 years, with no sex or breed predisposition. Benign adenomas and adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid gland is observed in the majority of cases. Symptoms reflect the effect of thyroid hormone excess in various systems, with weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria-polydipsia, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal abnormalities being common clinical manifestations. On clinical examination, there is frequently prominent thyroid enlargement. Common laboratory abnormal findings include increased activity of alkaline phosphatase and alanino-aminotransferase, hyperphosphataemia, azotaemia and decreased concentration of ionized calcium and creatinine. Definite diagnosis of the disease is based on the demonstration of increased blood concentration of thyroid hormones.Measurement of thyroxine concentration, alone or in conjunction with concentration of free thyroxine, is usually sufficient to reach a diagnosis. When diagnosis is uncertain, thyroid stimulating hormone, scintigraphy and dynamic function tests can be used. The possibility of concurrent diseases (e.g., renal failure, diabetes mellitus) must be investigated, as their presence has implications on diagnosis and treatment. Medical therapy, thyroidectomy, radionine therapy and low iodine diet are also valid options for treatment. Each has advantages and disadvantages that a clinician must take into consideration before instigating treatment. Prognosis for hyperthyroidism is favourable if no severe disease exists concurrently.
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Mehedko, V. V. "Practical aspects of bacterial vaginosis: relevance, diagnosis and comprehensive treatment." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 1(147) (March 5, 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.147.61.
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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is significantly widespread in the population: its detection rate in women with inflammatory diseases of the urinary system is 35%, among pregnant women – 10-30%, among patients with sexually transmitted infection – 20-60%. The presence of BV leads to pregnancy complications, after gynecological surgery and the development of relapses of the disease. To achieve a full therapeutic effect, it is necessary not only to conduct antimicrobial therapy, but also to restore the vaginal biocenosis, which is a condition for preventing relapse. A two-stage treatment for BV was studied using Limenda and Bioselak. The use of the combined antimicrobial drug Limenda at the first stage of treatment of BV showed a high clinical effect (100%) with confirmation of cure according to microscopic examination (97.9%). But after the completion of antimicrobial therapy, only in 29.2% of cases the restoration of the rod vaginal microflora was noted. The local use of the probiotic Bioselak at the second stage of treatment ensured the restoration of the biocenosis in all patients (100%) and a long relapse-free period. The high clinical effectiveness of the proposed scheme allows us to recommend it for the treatment of BV and the prevention of relapse. Key words: bacterial vaginosis, vaginal biocenosis, relapse prevention, local probiotic, Limenda, Bioselak.
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Mazziotta, Francesco, Gabriele Buda, Maria Livia Del Giudice, Enrico Orciuolo, Edoardo Benedetti, Matilde Masini, Vincenzo De Tata, Sara Galimberti, and Mario Petrini. "Joint Pain and Arthritis as First Clinical Manifestation of Systemic Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma: Case Report and Brief Literature Review." Hematology Reports 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep14010004.
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Amyloidosis is a rare disease that is often seen in conjunction with multiple myeloma (MM). Its damage varies depending on the anatomical site affected; however, it is believed that many cases of amyloidosis are misrecognized due to the fact that its signs and symptoms are nonspecific. Joint amyloidosis, in particular, may be confused with degenerative or autoimmune diseases. When it is associated with MM, it can significantly precede the diagnosis of the latter. We describe a case report of a woman of Nigerian heritage diagnosed with MM with widespread joint manifestations compatible with a diagnosis of amyloidosis, which had preceded the diagnosis of MM and benefited from MM treatment. Faced with the suspicion of amyloidosis, if confirmed, this can be used to anticipate the diagnosis of MM, and at a more advanced stage, it can benefit from the treatment of the MM.
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Tatour, Yasmin, and Tamar Ben-Yosef. "Syndromic Inherited Retinal Diseases: Genetic, Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects." Diagnostics 10, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100779.
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Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), which are among the most common genetic diseases in humans, define a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. Over 80 forms of syndromic IRDs have been described. Approximately 200 genes are associated with these syndromes. The majority of syndromic IRDs are recessively inherited and rare. Many, although not all, syndromic IRDs can be classified into one of two major disease groups: inborn errors of metabolism and ciliopathies. Besides the retina, the systems and organs most commonly involved in syndromic IRDs are the central nervous system, ophthalmic extra-retinal tissues, ear, skeleton, kidney and the cardiovascular system. Due to the high degree of phenotypic variability and phenotypic overlap found in syndromic IRDs, correct diagnosis based on phenotypic features alone may be challenging and sometimes misleading. Therefore, genetic testing has become the benchmark for the diagnosis and management of patients with these conditions, as it complements the clinical findings and facilitates an accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Wilson, Michael L. "Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria: Conventional and Rapid Diagnostic Methods." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0602-ra.
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Context.—The global control of malaria is more challenging than that of many other infectious diseases: malaria is vector borne, it is caused by 5 species of Plasmodium with different geographic distributions, infection is widespread in many regions, drug resistance is common, and the disease overlaps clinically with other infectious diseases. Therefore, malaria control programs, in addition to diagnosis and testing, must also target limiting spread of the disease through vector control. Although malaria control efforts have been successful in some regions, malaria remains one of the most important causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in women and children. Objective.—To review the current literature regarding diagnostic methods available to detect clinical malaria, with an emphasis on comparing the strengths and limitations of each method. Data Sources.—Current World Health Organization malaria control report and other information, recent meta-analyses of diagnostic tests, primary literature concerning the performance characteristics of different tests, and primary literature concerning how diagnostic tests are used in daily practice. Conclusions.—The most commonly used method for identifying cases of malaria remains microscopic examination of peripheral blood, but there is growing use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in many regions. One of the most important findings in the recent literature is that despite the widespread use of diagnostic tests, treatment is too often based on clinical findings rather than on results of diagnostic tests.
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Shakeri, Shahryar, Milad Ashrafizadeh, Ali Zarrabi, Rasoul Roghanian, Elham Ghasemipour Afshar, Abbas Pardakhty, Reza Mohammadinejad, Anuj Kumar, and Vijay Kumar Thakur. "Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Brain Diseases Diagnosis, Therapy and Theranostics." Biomedicines 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8010013.
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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier to prevent the central nervous system (CNS) from damage by substances that originate from the blood circulation. The BBB limits drug penetration into the brain and is one of the major clinical obstacles to the treatment of CNS diseases. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems have been tested for overcoming this barrier and releasing related drugs into the brain matrix. In this review, nanoparticles (NPs) from simple to developed delivery systems are discussed for the delivery of a drug to the brain. This review particularly focuses on polymeric nanomaterials that have been used for CNS treatment. Polymeric NPs such as polylactide (PLA), poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA), human serum albumin (HSA), gelatin, and chitosan are discussed in detail.
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DEMİREL, Assist Prof Dr Demokaan. "Effectivness of Health Information System Applications: Clinical Information and Diagnosis-Treatment Systems in Turkey." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p122-131.
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The distinctive quality of the new social structure is that information becomes the only factor of production. In today's organizations, public administrators are directly responsible for applying information to administrative processes. In addition to his managerial responsibilities, a knowledge based organization requires every employee to take responsibility for achieving efficiency. This has increased the importance of information systems in the decision-making process. Information systems consist of computer and communication technology, data base management and model management and include activity processing system, management information system, decision support systems, senior management information system, expert systems and office automation systems. Information systems in the health sector aim at the management and provision of preventive and curative health services. The use of information systems in healthcare has the benefits of increasing service quality, shortening treatment processes, maximizing efficiency of the time, labour and medical devices. The use of information systems for clinical decision making and reducing medical errors in the healthcare industry dates back to the 1960s. Clinical information systems involve processing, storing and re-accessing information that supports patient care in a hospital. Clinical information systems are systems that are directly or indirectly related to patient care. These systems include electronic health/patient records, clinical decision support systems, nurse information systems, patient tracking systems, tele-medicine, case mix and smart card applications. Diagnosis-treatment systems are information-based systems used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It consists of laboratory information systems, picture archiving and communication system, pharmacy information system, radiology information system, nuclear medicine information system. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health information system applications in Turkey. The first part of the study focuses on the concept of information systems and the types of information systems in organization structures. In the second part, clinical information systems and applications for diagnosis-treatment systems in Turkey are examined. Finally, the study evaluates applications in the health sector qualitatively from the new organizational structure, which is formed by information systems.
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Anaev, E. Kh, I. A. Baranova, and A. S. Belevsky. "Pulmonary vasculitis: diagnosis and treatment." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 90, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890399-106.
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Pulmonary vasculitis is a group of rapidly progressing severe diseases characterized by vascular inflammation, destruction and necrosis of the pulmonary tissue. The pathological process in the lungs varies from diffuse alveolar hemorrhage to inflammation of the parenchyma, pleural effusion, thrombotic and thromboembolic complications. Depending on the size of the affected vessels, vasculites are divided into vasculites of large, medium and small vessels. Most frequently the lung is found in the small vessels vasculitis, including ANCA-associated vasculitis [granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GP), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)] and the disease is glomerular basement membrane (goodpasture syndrome). Clinical examination of other systems and organs involved in the pathological process, including the skin and kidneys, as well as the detection of autoantibodies can improve approaches to early diagnosis and treatment of vasculitis. Treatment of life-threatening pulmonary bleeding and irreversible damage to organs, especially the kidneys, requires rapid diagnosis of these conditions. Vasculitis is a rare disease with lesions of many organs, and methods of their treatment, including biological, are rapidly developing, which requires the cooperation of doctors of various specialties and specialized centers to achieve better control of the disease.
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Sascău, Radu, Larisa Anghel, Alexandra Clement, Mădălina Bostan, Rodica Radu, and Cristian Stătescu. "The Importance of Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies: An Update." Diagnostics 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020256.
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Infiltrative cardiomyopathies (ICMs) comprise a broad spectrum of inherited and acquired conditions (mainly amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and hemochromatosis), where the progressive buildup of abnormal substances within the myocardium results in left ventricular hypertrophy and manifests as restrictive physiology. Noninvasive multimodality imaging has gradually eliminated endomyocardial biopsy from the diagnostic workup of infiltrative cardiac deposition diseases. However, even with modern imaging techniques’ widespread availability, these pathologies persist in being largely under- or misdiagnosed. Considering the advent of novel, revolutionary pharmacotherapies for cardiac amyloidosis, the archetypal example of ICM, a standardized diagnostic approach is warranted. Therefore, this review aims to emphasize the importance of contemporary cardiac imaging in identifying specific ICM and improving outcomes via the prompt initiation of a targeted treatment.
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Khabirov, R. A. "Muscular syndrome in patients with inflammatory and degenerative diseases of joints and vertebral column." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 2 (March 25, 1999): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj65368.
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The manifestations of muscular syndrome affecting the gravity and prediction of the disease take place in the most widespread and invalidizing rheumatic diseases: osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylarthritis. Paraclinical studies showed heterogeneity of pathogenetic mechanisms in lesion of skeletal muscles in rheumatic diseases. The differentiated methods of the treatment of patients with osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylarthritis taking into account the clinical picture and pathogenesis of muscular syndrome, as well as the diagnosis criteria and classification of muscular system lesion are suggested.
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Rakhmanov, Erkin, Nazira Gulyamova, and Abdugaffor Boymurodov. "CLINICAL CASE OF CEREBRAL TOXOCAROSIS." Avicenna Bulletin 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25005/2074-0581-2020-22-1-148-151.
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Toxocarosis can be manifested by pathology of various organs and systems of the body, occurring under the mask of many diseases. This dictates necessitates a more thorough familiarization with this pathology of doctors of various specialties, in particular, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, therapists, neuropathologists. The article describes a clinical case of successful diagnosis and treatment of the most severe, in terms of consequences, the forms of this disease – cerebral toxocarosis. Timely diagnosis of pathology includes cerebral MRI and immunological studies of blood serum for the presence of antitoxocarosis antibodies. Albendazole – a broad-spectrum antihelminthic drug has proven to be highly effective in the therapy of this pathology. Proper diagnosis and, as a result, adequate therapy are the guarantors of a favorable outcome in this form of the disease. Keywords: Toxocarosis, brain, diagnostics, treatment, albendazole
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Belowska-Bień, Kinga, and Bartosz Bień. "Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in supporting the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases." Aktualności Neurologiczne 21, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/an.2021.0021.
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The first two decades of the 21st century have seen great advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. The techniques have found their way into everyday life, for example in smartphones, search engines, digital customer assistants, motion control systems, and biomedical devices. The aims of this paper are to outline the possibilities for using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in supporting the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, and to discuss selected applications of these techniques based on the most recent published reports. First, contemporary definitions of artificial intelligence and machine learning are presented. This is followed by a review of the most important techniques for intelligent data processing: search methods, mathematical logic, probabilistic methods, classifiers, and artificial neural networks (including deep and convolutional networks). Areas of application of these techniques in medicine are identified, including disease diagnosis and support of treatment as well as monitoring and prediction of changes in health status. The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in neuroscience is presented, together with examples of diagnostic applications based on anatomical, morphological and functional brain connectivity data. Sample applications of intelligent techniques in supporting the treatment (including surgical management) of nervous system diseases are also described. Ambient smart devices monitoring the health status of patients with chronic neurological conditions are discussed, and selected projects based on smart techniques to support early detection of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders are described. The conclusions highlight the potential of the techniques, as well as the challenges and risks associated with them. A possible synergy between intelligent systems and actions taken by medical staff is outlined as a way to improve the safety and quality of life of patients with acute and chronic neurological diseases.
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Rosa, Juliana, Isabella Suzuki, Marcelo Kravicz, Angelo Caron, Ana Vitória Pupo, Fabíola Garcia Praça, and Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley. "Current Non-viral siRNA Delivery Systems as a Promising Treatment of Skin Diseases." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 23 (October 24, 2018): 2644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180807120017.
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Background: Gene therapy is a new approach to discover and treat many diseases. It has attracted considerable attention from researchers in the last decades. The gene therapy through RNA interference has been considered one of the most recent and revolutionary approaches used in individualized therapy. In the last years, we have witnessed the rapid development in the field of the gene silencing and knockdown by topical siRNA. Its application in gene therapy has become an attractive alternative for drug development. Methods: This article will address topical delivery of siRNA as a promising treatment for skin disorders. An update on the advances in siRNA-based nanocarriers as a powerful therapeutic strategy for several skin diseases will be discussed giving emphasis on in vitro evaluations. Results: Through the in-depth review of the literature on the use of siRNAs for skin diseases we realize how widespread this use is. We have also realized that nanoparticles as non-viral vectors are increasingly being explored. Skin diseases where the use of siRNA has been explored most are skin cancer (melanoma and nonmelanoma), psoriasis, vitiligo, dermatitis and leprosy. But we also report here other diseases where the use of siRNA has been growing as acne, alopecia areata, cutaneous leishmaniasis, mycoses, herpes, epidermolysis bullosa and oculocutaneous albinism. Also highlighted, the first clinical trial of siRNA for cutaneous diseases, aimed at Pathyounychia Congenita. Conclusion: The treatment of skin diseases based on topical delivery of siRNA, which act by inhibiting the expression of target transcripts, offers many potential therapeutic advantages for suppressing genes into the skin.
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Raza Perwez, Mohammad, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Javaid, and Muhammad Ehsan ul Haq. "A Critical Analysis on Efficacy of Clinical Decision Support Systems in Health Care Domain." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4043.
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Clinical Practice guidelines strongly relies on evidence based medical literature. In Health care domain decision support systems are playing a competent role in diagnosis and treatment from multiple diseases. Among different Hospitals all over the world the Information technology domain emphasis key roles in improvement of patient health care to great extent. The Concept of Data Mining (DM) and Decision Support systems (DSS) in medical domain provides an efficient mechanism to extract the multiple records of patient treatment diagnostics from previously stored records in Data base (DB) or Data Ware House (DWH) and compare these guidelines to perform strong analysis that results in efficient decision making. Along the previously mentioned techniques the era of Telemedicine has also being developed that results in generation of multiple techniques in diagnosis of multiple diseases and health improvement using Mobile Health care systems specially worth full for the rural areas where latest medical facilities are unavailable at the point of need. The required information in Database or in Data Ware House might be the historical data of patient or the health based summery of different patients in diverse stages. Now these days the emergence of distributed decision support systems in health care domain covers the health care treatment procedures in more comprehensive manner including surgical procedures and radiological treatment. In this paper we are going to analyze the multiple health care diagnosis procedures and treatment techniques using various decision support systems designed and implemented by various researchers all over the world and compare the effectiveness and efficiency of each decision support system in health care domain. Our research study is also helpful for physicians and health care practioners in analyzing multiple scenarios related to interesting pattern recognitions and intelligent decision making.
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Kim, Chuntae, Iruthayapandi Selestin Raja, Jong-Min Lee, Jong Ho Lee, Moon Sung Kang, Seok Hyun Lee, Jin-Woo Oh, and Dong-Wook Han. "Recent Trends in Exhaled Breath Diagnosis Using an Artificial Olfactory System." Biosensors 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11090337.
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Artificial olfactory systems are needed in various fields that require real-time monitoring, such as healthcare. This review introduces cases of detection of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a patient’s exhaled breath and discusses trends in disease diagnosis technology development using artificial olfactory technology that analyzes exhaled human breath. We briefly introduce algorithms that classify patterns of odors (VOC profiles) and describe artificial olfactory systems based on nanosensors. On the basis of recently published research results, we describe the development trend of artificial olfactory systems based on the pattern-recognition gas sensor array technology and the prospects of application of this technology to disease diagnostic devices. Medical technologies that enable early monitoring of health conditions and early diagnosis of diseases are crucial in modern healthcare. By regularly monitoring health status, diseases can be prevented or treated at an early stage, thus increasing the human survival rate and reducing the overall treatment costs. This review introduces several promising technical fields with the aim of developing technologies that can monitor health conditions and diagnose diseases early by analyzing exhaled human breath in real time.