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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Clinical experiment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Taylor, William Stephen. "Spaces of experiment : South Africa, drug development and the globalisation of clinical trials." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608231.

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2

Onion, Carl William Reginald. "Changes in medical practice following superficial and deep processing of evidence : a controlled experiment in clinical guideline implementation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364176.

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3

Dixon, Justin. "Protocol and beyond: experiment and care during a TB vaccine clinical trial in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14139.

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There has been a substantial increase in the amount of biomedical research being conducted in resource-poor regions of the world since the 1980s, particularly clinical trials involving human subjects. With a particular focus on public-sector clinical trials, a number of anthropologists have recently conducted important ethnographic research into the ground-level operations of clinical research organisations and the relationships between doctors, co-ordinators, participants and non- participants. It has been argued that formal ethics and the scientific practices they govern obscure a relational and affective dimension of clinical trials, which is both necessary for, and transcends, the requirements of trial protocols. On the basis of ethnographic research with a clinical research organisation in South Africa specialising in trialling tuberculosis (TB) vaccines, I contend the explanatory value of tracing the diseases 'under the microscope' from global public health agendas to ground-level research practices when exploring the relationships between the 'ordered separations' of medical research structures and the relational-affective dimension they obscure. Through a close examination of TB at different levels of scale, I aim to open up more avenues of enquiry into the multifarious factors that shape the important relations that develop between clinical research organisations and those on whom research is conducted.

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4

Webbon, Peter Michael. "A pathological experiment and clinical study of the tendons and ligaments ("M.interosseus") in the distal limb of the horse." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522808.

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5

Palmer, Amanda M. "Parsing the Influences of Nicotine and Expectancies on the Acute Effects of E-Cigarettes: A Balanced-Placebo Experiment." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6923.

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E-cigarette use has been increasing in recent years, and its ultimate public health impact is still unknown. In order to assess the addictive liability of these products, research is needed to investigate the roles of nicotine and other factors on psychological and physical effects of “vaping.” The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of expectancies, nicotine delivery, and their interactions on the effects of e-cigarette use via a balanced-placebo experiment. In this design, drug dosage (contains nicotine or not) was crossed with instructions (told nicotine or non-nicotine) during ad-lib e-cigarette use sessions by 128 current e-cigarette users. This design allows for parsing of the causal role of expectancies and pharmacology, as well as their interaction. Dependent variables included both psychological outcomes (cravings for cigarettes and e-cigarettes, mood, satisfaction, reward) and physiological variables (hunger, attention, aversion, respiratory tract sensations). Among cigarette smokers (n=52), a significant main effect of instruction emerged on reductions in craving to smoke, although moderation analyses revealed that this effect was limited to males. Overall, significant drug X instruction interactions were found on craving to vape, psychological reward, and enjoyment of respiratory tract sensations, indicating synergistic causal influences of both expectancies and nicotine. Expectancies, smoking status, and gender moderated some of these effects. The results of this study identified effects of e-cigarettes that were driven by either nicotine, cognitive drug expectancies, or both. Results should be considered in the context of methodological and theoretical limitations. This study contributes to the understanding of motivational influences that may affect the initiation and maintenance of e-cigarette use, which may guide the development of public health and clinical interventions.

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6

Mason, Sara Elizabeth. "The Effect of Thin-Ideal Media on Body Image: An Experiment Using the Solomon Four-Group Design." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1335295760.

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7

Junod, Valérie. "Clinical drug trials : studying the safety and efficacy of new pharmaceuticals /." Genève ; Zurich ; Bâle : Genève : Bruxelles : Schulthess ; Faculté de droit ; Bruylant, 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00153347.pdf.

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8

Soriano-Moreno, Anderson N., Jose E. Delgado-Raygada, C. Ichiro Peralta, Estefania S. Serrano-Diaz, Jaquelin M. Canaza-Apaza, and Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo. "Perception of medical students about courses based on peer-assisted learning in five Peruvian universities." BioMed Central Ltd, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655704.

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Objectives: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a supportive strategy in medical education. In Peru, this method has been implemented by few universities. However, there are no consistent studies evaluating their acceptability by medical students. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of medical students about PAL in five Peruvian universities. Results: A total of 79 medical students were included in the study. The mean age was 20.1 ± 1.9 years, 54% were female, and 87% were in the first 4 years of study. Most of the students were satisfied with classes and peer teachers. Similarly, most of the students agreed with the interest in developing teaching skills. It was also observed that 97% of students approved to implement PAL in medical education programs.
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9

Chimhande, Tinoda. "Design research towards improving understanding of functions : a South African case study." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40185.

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The function concept is one of the most important concepts in the learning of mathematics (Dubinsky & Harel, 1992), yet it is considered by many researchers to be one of the least understood and most difficult concepts to master in the learning of high school mathematics (Eisenberg, 1992, Sfard, 1992). To this end, problems concerning its teaching and learning are often confronted (Mann, 2000) and few teachers know how learners come to understand functions (Yoon, 2007). As a result, most teachers teach functions using the conventional approach which starts by stating definitions followed by examples and then a few applications. The nature of this approach has not encouraged teachers to engage learners and their ways of reasoning in knowledge construction and adequately addressing their difficulties. The purpose of this study was to use design research to improve the teaching and learning of functions at grade 11 level. This was achieved by adapting design cycles of Wademan’s (2005) Generic Design Research model in which each cycle comprised different iterative APOS (Action, Process, Object, Schema) analysis, design, development and implementation of hypothetical learning trajectories (HLTs). I started by interrogating twelve grade 11 learners of a particular rural high school on the June 2011 mathematics paper 1 examination they had written to determine the APOS theory conception level each learner was operating at, and their difficulties. Learners’ difficulties from initial interviews and literature were grouped under the function definition and representation. I then designed instruction based on HLTs embedded with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) activities and two separate tasks on the definition and representation as a form of intervention to help learners move up from their initial conception levels to the next and to overcome their difficulties. After each design cycle I interviewed learners based on the task for a particular concept and learners’ responses were analysed using APOS theory and used to design further instruction to help learners approximate the schema level of understanding concepts related to functions. The major findings of this study were that the use of learners’ conceptions and RME activities in designing instruction helped learners to progress smoothly through APOS theory conception levels though they did not fully reach the intended schema level. In addition, design research cycles and their HLTs implemented in a constructivist environment enabled learners to collectively derive working definitions of the function concept and to improve their conceptual understanding of the process of switching from a graph to an equation. Another contribution of this study has been a deeper understanding of the extent to which design research can be used to improve learners’ understanding of functions and an addition of some insights to the teaching and learning of functions.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
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10

Chambergo-Michilot, Diego, Carlos E. Muñoz-Medina, Diego Lizarzaburu-Castagnino, Franco León-Jiménez, Miguel Odar-Sampé, Reneé Pereyra-Elías, and Percy Mayta-Tristán. "Migration to study in medical schools of Peru." Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655699.

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The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of migration to study medicine in Peru. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Red-LIRHUS study (2011-2012). We included 3 680 Peruvian students. Approximately, 23.2% migrated for medical school. Less than 1% were international migrants. We found a higher proportion of migrant students in Universities outside of Lima than in Universities in Lima (27.1% vs. 15.8%). There was also a higher proportion of migrants in private universities (28.3% vs. 16.0%) Migrant students were more likely to live alone (27.4% vs. 6.4%) and to report having failed a module/course (51.0% vs. 38.6%) compared to non-migrant students. It is necessary to evaluate potential interventions for the preservation of the well-being of people who migrate for their medical training.
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11

Hidegová, Simona. "Validace multikanálové bioimpedance cév za použití synchronizované cévní sonografie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442505.

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The inclusion of a new device in clinical practice requires an adequate validation. The original publication which introduced multichannel bioimpedance monitor MBM was focused on discribing its technical parameters and demonstration measurements. Further evaluation desires comparision with other standard measuring device. This thesis describes pulse wave measurement by MBM and by other medical devices used for establishing cardiovascular risk. It proposes the validation experiment with synchronized vascular ultrasonography as a reference method. The process of the experimental measurement, aquired data and following data analysis are described in detail. The outputs of the experiment are statistically evaluated. The MBM’s performance and design of the experiment are discussed.

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12

Persson, Johan. "Restricted Region Exact Designs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138614.

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Problem statement: The D-optimal design is often used in clinical research. In multi-factor clinical experiments it is natural to restrict the experiment's design space so as not to give a patient the combination of several high dose treatments simultaneously. Under such design space restrictions it is unknown what designs are D-optimal. The goal of the thesis has been to find D-optimal designs for these design spaces. Approach: Two new algorithms for finding D-optimal designs with one, two or three factors with linear models has been developed and implemented in MATLAB. Two restricted design spaces were explored. In cases when the program could not find the D-optimal design an analytic approach was used. Results: Special attention was given to the two factor model with interaction. All of the D-optimal designs for this model, N less or equal to 30, and their permutations have been listed as well as their continous designs. Conclusion: In one of the restricted design regions a simple design pattern appeared for N greater than or equal to 7. In the other restricted design region no obvious pattern was found but its continuous design could be calculated through analysis. It turned out that the number of trials at the lowest dose combination did not change when moving from the full space design to the restricted design regions.
Frågeställning: D-optimala designer är vanliga i kliniska studier. När flera faktorer (läkemedel) prövas samtidigt kan det vara nödvändigt att begränsa försöksrummet så att patienterna undviker att få en hög dos av flera faktorer samtidigt. I sådana begränsade försöksrum är det okänt vilka designer som är D-optimala. Uppsatsens mål har varit att hitta D-optimala designer i begränsade försöksrum. Metod: Två nya algoritmer för att hitta D-optimala designer med en, två eller tre dimensioner och linjära modeller har utvecklats och implementerats i MATLAB. Två begränsade försöksrum har utforskats. I de fall då MATLAB-programmet inte kunde hitta de D-optimala designerna användes analytiska metoder. Resultat: Analys av en tvåfaktormodell med interaktion utforskades särskilt noggrant. Alla D-optimala designer och permutationer av dessa i de båda begränsade försöksrummen har listats för alla N mindre än eller lika med 30, samt även deras kontinuerliga designer. Slutsats: För det ena försöksrummet upptäcktes ett mönster i designen då N är större än eller lika med 7. I det andra försöksrummet upptäcktes inget mönster och det krävdes således analytiska metoder för att finna dess kontinuerliga design. Det visade sig att antalet försök i den lägsta doskombinationen förblev oförändrat då man bytte från det fulla designrummet till de båda begränsade designrummen.

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13

Högberg, Niclas. "Experimental and Clinical Necrotizing Enterocolitis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Barnkirurgi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197754.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with high morbidity and mortality, affects primarily preterm infants. The diagnosis represents a challenging task, and no biomarker has been found to aid early diagnosis with high accuracy. Microdialysis has been widely used to detect metabolites of anaerobic metabolism, enabling a local and early detection of ischemia. This thesis aims to evaluate the possibility of detecting intestinal ischemic stress in experimental and clinical NEC, by use of rectal intraluminal microdialysis. Intraluminal rectal microdialysis was performed on rats subjected to total intestinal ischemia. Metabolites of ischemia were detectable in both ileum and rectum, with raised glycerol concentrations and lactate/pyruvate ratios. Elevated concentrations of glycerol correlated to increasing intestinal histopathological injury. Experimental early NEC was induced in newborn rat pups, by hypoxia/re-oxygenation treatment. Development of NEC was confirmed by histopathology. Elevated glycerol concentrations were detected by rectal microdialysis. The genetic alterations following experimental NEC in rat pups were studied with microarray. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed for tight junction proteins claudin-1 and claudin-8. Several genes were altered in experimental NEC, mainly genes regulating tight junctions and cell adhesion. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced expression of claudin-1. A prospective study was conducted on preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks. The infants were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, and observed during a 4-week period. Rectal microdialysis was performed twice a week, and blood was drawn for analysis of I-FABP. A total of 15 infants were included in the study, whereof four infants developed NEC, and 11 served as controls. Rectal glycerol and I-FABP displayed high concentrations, which varied considerably during the observation periods, both in NEC and controls. No differences in either glycerol or I-FABP concentrations were seen in the NEC-group vs. the controls. In conclusion, rectal microdialysis can detect metabolites of intestinal ischemia, both in experimental and clinical NEC. Rectal microdialysis is safe and could provide a valuable non-invasive aid to detect hypoxia-induced intestinal damage or ischemic stress in extremely preterm infants. In this study however, it was not possible to predict the development of clinical NEC using microdialysis or I-FABP.

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14

Dunselman, Gerardus Antonius Josephus. "Endometriosis clinical and experimental aspects /." Maastricht : University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1988. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5605.

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15

Hoe-Hansen, Carsten. "Subacromial inflammation : clinical and experimental studies /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med658s.pdf.

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16

Rojas, Callejas Ana Maria. "ARCON in experimental and clinical radiotherapy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-207.

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17

Lindström, Per. "Diabetic neuropathy : clinical and experimental studies /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971003lind.

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18

Wang, Shi-Xuan. "Clinical and experimental studies on nephrin." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/haart/vk/wang/.

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19

Eriksson, Leif. "Lung transplantation clinical and experimental studies /." Lund : Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Physiology, University of Lund, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39068785.html.

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20

Clementson, Kockum Christina. "Bladder exstrophy clinical and experimental aspects /." Lund : University Hospital, Dept. of Paediatric Surgery, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945118.html.

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21

Di, Filippo Paula Alessandra [UNESP]. "Obstrução intestinal experimental em equinos: parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101151.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 difilippo_pa_dr_jabo.pdf: 454284 bytes, checksum: b9aeabbf9ca5c1fc6bc3d51066aa8568 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar as alterações clínicas e hematológicas de equinos submetidos a modelo experimental de obstrução intestinal, 24 animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos, controle instrumentado (GI), obstrução do duodeno (GII), íleo (GIII) e cólon maior (GIV). O exame clínico e a colheita das amostras de sangue e de líquido peritoneal foram realizados antes da cirurgia (T0), durante as obstruções (T30ob-T180ob) e após as desobstruções (T30des-T7º). Os equino do GII e do GIII apresentaram sinais de dor abdominal, diminuição da motilidade intestinal e aumento da freqüência cardíaca e respiratória. Nestes mesmos grupos houve diminuição na contagem de leucócitos a qual posteriormente, cedeu lugar a leucocitose por neutrofilia, com desvio à esquerda. Na análise hemogasométrica apenas os animais do GIV e os do GII, nos apresentaram aumento do pH(v), da cHCO- 3(vP) e da cBase(v) que, acrescidos do aumento da pCO2(v) e da ctCO2(v), caracterizou a alcalose metabólica com compensação respiratória. No líquido peritoneal os animais do GII e do GIII apresentaram aumento na contagem global celular, bem como na concentração de proteína total, fibrinogênio, lactato e de fósforo inorgânico. Os resultados clínico-laboratoriais obtidos foram associados à distensão intestinal, resultante do modelo de obstrução e, indicam que algumas alterações laboratoriais quando analisadas em conjunto com os dados obtidos no exame clínico, podem auxiliar na identificação do segmento intestinal obstruído, na elaboração do prognóstico e no acompanhamento da evolução do processo de cura.
This study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical and hematological alterations in horses submitted to an experimental model of intestinal obstruction. Twenty-four animals were divided in four groups: instrumented control (GI), duodenum obstruction (GII), ileum obstruction (GIII) and large colon obstruction (GIV). Clinical examination was carried out and blood and peritoneal samples were collected before surgery (T0), during the obstruction (T30ob-T180ob) and after unblocking procedures (T30des-T7º). Animals from GII and from GIII presented signs of abdominal pain, reduced gastrointestinal sounds and increased heart and respiratory rates, as well as leukopenia and neutropenia which later developed to leukocytosis, neutrophilia and left shifts. Animals from GIV and from GII presented higher values for pH(v), cHCO- 3(vP) and cBase(v) which, added to the increase of pCO2(v) and ctCO2(v), characterized the metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation. After unblocking procedure animals from GII and GIII presented higher global cells counts, as well as in fibrinogen, total protein concentrations, lactate and inorganic phosphorus concentrations in peritoneal fluid were also increased. The results were associated to enteric injury from the obstruction model showing that some laboratorial alterations when analyzed, including clinical examination, can be helpful at the identification of which intestinal segment is blocked, for draw up a prognosis and can be used as support in the evolution of cure process.

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22

Uchida, Yuichiro. "Clinical and experimental studies of intraperitoneal lipolysis and the development of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253140.

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23

Berglin, Lennart. "Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) : clinical and experimental aspects /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-284-1/.

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24

De, Smet Joseph Marc Dominique. "Observations in clinical and experimental ocular autoimmunity." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/83518.

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Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam.
Omslagtitel: Observations on clinical and experimental ocular autoimmunity. - Auteursnaam op omslag: Marc D. de Smet. Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

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25

Richards, Helen Louise. "Psoriasis : a psychological, experimental and clinical investigation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488465.

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26

Stewart, Adrian John. "Clinical and experimental studies of ventricular fibrillation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334535.

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27

Corcoran, John David Ross. "Surfactant replacement therapy : experimental and clinical studies." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387871.

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28

Lewis, Harry Lewis. "Experimental and clinical studies in acute pancreatitis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387895.

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29

Jones, Gareth Lloyd. "Optimising islet transplantation : experimental and clinical observations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437333.

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30

Østergaard, Andersen Christian. "Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis : clinical and experimental studies /." KøbenhavnLægeforeningens Forlag : Lægeforeningens Forlag, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015627763&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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31

Halawa, Imad. "Acute Symptomatic Seizures : Clinical and Experimental Studies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Neurologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314770.

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Epilepsy is defined as a condition with recurrent unprovoked seizures. When seizures are believed to be provoked they fall into another category of situation-related seizures, i.e. acute symptomatic seizures (ASS). The definition of ASS is a clinical seizure occurring in close temporal relationship with an acute insult in the central nervous system (CNS), which may be metabolic, toxic, structural, infectious or inflammatory. The prognosis after unprovoked seizures and ASS differs with regard to risk of seizure recurrence and mortality. This thesis focuses on seizures occurring in relation to common dysmetabolic conditions and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Specifically, the occurrence of ASS in patients with different levels of hyponatraemia and hypoglycaemia was studied. Furthermore an experimental study in rodents was conducted to explore the relationship between chemically induced status epilepticus (SE) and hyponatraemia. In addition, seizures in relation to acute SAH were recorded and related to appearance of development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Finally, measurement of neurofilament light (NFL) and tau in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed. In a large number of patients with hyponatremia a gradual increase (2.5 % – 11 %) in risk of seizures with declining sodium levels was noted. Seizures were the only neurologic manifestation of hyponatraemia in patients with moderately decreased sodium levels (> 115 mM). In a study of patients with hypoglycaemia, a notably low risk for seizures was found. Absolute risk for neurological symptoms at glucose < 2.0 mM (95% CI) was 0.25 (0.13-0.41). This is a finding of potentially great clinical relevance, since seizures in the presence of hypoglycaemia are often presumed to be acutely symptomatic. In the animal study of acute hyponatraemia on kainic acid (KA) induced status epilepticus (SE) the hyponatraemic animals displayed an increased frequency of epileptiform activity and had longer duration of seizures. These results support the clinical observations that hyponatraemia aggravates SE. In the study of patients with SAH seizures were frequent (36% of all patients) but did not predict the development of DCI. Measurement of the CSF biomarker tau at different time points revealed increased tau concentration between days 4 and 10, and may be associated with DCI.

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32

Färm, Gunilla. "Contact allergy to colophony : clinical and experimental studies with emphasis on clinical relevance /." Stockholm, 1997. http://www.kibic.ki.se/ki/diss/971107farm.html.

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33

Di, Filippo Paula Alessandra. "Obstrução intestinal experimental em equinos : parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101151.

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Orientador: Áureo Evangelista Santana
Banca: José Corrêa de Lacerda Neto
Banca: Antonio Carlos Alessi
Banca: Márcia Ferreira da Rosa Sobreira
Banca: Raimundo Souza Lopes
Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar as alterações clínicas e hematológicas de equinos submetidos a modelo experimental de obstrução intestinal, 24 animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos, controle instrumentado (GI), obstrução do duodeno (GII), íleo (GIII) e cólon maior (GIV). O exame clínico e a colheita das amostras de sangue e de líquido peritoneal foram realizados antes da cirurgia (T0), durante as obstruções (T30ob-T180ob) e após as desobstruções (T30des-T7º). Os equino do GII e do GIII apresentaram sinais de dor abdominal, diminuição da motilidade intestinal e aumento da freqüência cardíaca e respiratória. Nestes mesmos grupos houve diminuição na contagem de leucócitos a qual posteriormente, cedeu lugar a leucocitose por neutrofilia, com desvio à esquerda. Na análise hemogasométrica apenas os animais do GIV e os do GII, nos apresentaram aumento do pH(v), da cHCO- 3(vP) e da cBase(v) que, acrescidos do aumento da pCO2(v) e da ctCO2(v), caracterizou a alcalose metabólica com compensação respiratória. No líquido peritoneal os animais do GII e do GIII apresentaram aumento na contagem global celular, bem como na concentração de proteína total, fibrinogênio, lactato e de fósforo inorgânico. Os resultados clínico-laboratoriais obtidos foram associados à distensão intestinal, resultante do modelo de obstrução e, indicam que algumas alterações laboratoriais quando analisadas em conjunto com os dados obtidos no exame clínico, podem auxiliar na identificação do segmento intestinal obstruído, na elaboração do prognóstico e no acompanhamento da evolução do processo de cura.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical and hematological alterations in horses submitted to an experimental model of intestinal obstruction. Twenty-four animals were divided in four groups: instrumented control (GI), duodenum obstruction (GII), ileum obstruction (GIII) and large colon obstruction (GIV). Clinical examination was carried out and blood and peritoneal samples were collected before surgery (T0), during the obstruction (T30ob-T180ob) and after unblocking procedures (T30des-T7º). Animals from GII and from GIII presented signs of abdominal pain, reduced gastrointestinal sounds and increased heart and respiratory rates, as well as leukopenia and neutropenia which later developed to leukocytosis, neutrophilia and left shifts. Animals from GIV and from GII presented higher values for pH(v), cHCO- 3(vP) and cBase(v) which, added to the increase of pCO2(v) and ctCO2(v), characterized the metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation. After unblocking procedure animals from GII and GIII presented higher global cells counts, as well as in fibrinogen, total protein concentrations, lactate and inorganic phosphorus concentrations in peritoneal fluid were also increased. The results were associated to enteric injury from the obstruction model showing that some laboratorial alterations when analyzed, including clinical examination, can be helpful at the identification of which intestinal segment is blocked, for draw up a prognosis and can be used as support in the evolution of cure process.
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34

Kurvers, Henricus Anna Johannes Maria. "Reflex sympathetic dystrophy a clinical and experimental study /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5817.

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35

Kjellin, Ann. "Foregut motility disorders : a clinical and experimental study /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-026-5/.

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Nilsson-Wikmar, Lena. "Back pain post partum : clinical and experimental studies /." Stockholm, 2003.

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Johansson, Sara. "Vitamin A and Osteoporosis : Experimental and Clinical Studies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4677.

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Åkesson, Elisabet. "Human spinal cord transplantation : experimental and clinical application /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4322-2/.

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Löwbeer, Christian. "Cardiac troponin T in clinical and experimental studies /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-426-6/.

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Smorenburg, Susanna Maria. "Heparins, cancer and thrombosis clinical and experimental studies /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/59625.

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41

Frostick, S. P. "Clinical and experimental aspects of denervation and reinnervation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233545.

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Farrugia, Maria Elena. "Clinical and experimental investigations in seronegative myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414087.

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Vincent, J. "Clinical and experimental studies with alpha1Ì² adrenoceptor anatagonists." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374541.

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Boyd, Alison Catherine. "Clinical and experimental studies on glycated human insulin." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390153.

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Honkanen, Eero. "Membranous glomerulonephritis a clinical, morphological, and experimental study /." Hki : Societas scientiarum Fennica : Academic Bookstore [jakaja], 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57853993.html.

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Ödman, Jan. "Implants in orthodontics an experimental and clinical study /." [Göteborg] : Dept. of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=fn1qAAAAMAAJ.

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Frith, Daniel. "Clinical & experimental characterisation of acute traumatic coagulopathy." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2419.

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Abstract:

Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is a recently identified entity describing an early impairment of haemostasis after injury. Retrospective observational studies have associated it with a significant increase in patient morbidity and mortality. It does not appear to be caused by conventional mediators of haemorrhagic coagulopathy, such as iatrogenic haemodilution or hypothermia. Rather, it has been postulated that it is endogenous systemic anticoagulation modulated by activation of the protein C pathway in response to shock and tissue injury. The aims of this thesis were to characterise the aetiology and clinical significance of ATC and test the hypothesis that activated protein C plays a functional role in the pathophysiology of this condition. A retrospective analysis of patients admitted to 5 major international trauma centres was performed. Admission prothrombin times were correlated with aetiological variables and clinical outcomes. A structured literature review was subsequently conducted to identify the strengths and weaknesses of existing animal models of traumatic coagulopathy. Novel rodent (rat and mouse) models of ATC were then developed to elucidate how it develops. Clinical data on 3646 trauma patients identified a significant and dose-dependent increase in mortality and transfusion requirements with admission prothrombin time ratio > 1.2. The incidence of ATC co-associated with both the degree of tissue injury and the depth of haemorrhagic shock. Literature review identified a general failure of animal models to accurately simulate the clinical trajectory of injury. Specifically, only one (mouse) model of ATC was identified. Novel rodent models of ATC were developed that demonstrated endogenous coagulopathy in response to 60 minutes of haemorrhagic shock, with or without significant tissue injury. This was mediated predominantly by autogenous haemodilution and activated protein C anticoagulation. Acute traumatic coagulopathy is an endogenous impairment of haemostasis that develops in response to severe haemorrhagic shock. Manipulation of the protein C pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing blood loss and improving outcomes after injury.

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Aarvold, Alexander. "Bone tissue engineering : experimental strategies and clinical application." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/362817/.

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Abstract:

Skeletal stem cell based therapies offer tremendous potential for regeneration of a patient's bone. With the demo graphics of an ageing population, the demand for skeletal reconstruction to replace lost or damaged bone is expanding dramatically. Novel bone tissue engineering techniques offer the opportunity to push the boundaries of bone regeneration, yet few strategies have been translated to clinical practice. This thesis aims to explore novel bone regeneration strategies in vitro and in vivo, and details the clinical application of those techniques. The effects of skeletal stem cells, growth factors and material properties on osteogenesis of bone tissue engineering constructs were explored: • Skeletal stem cells and human fibronectin were shown to augment the biomechanical characteristics of impacted allograft. • Alteration of porosity in a synthetic ceramic scaffold had an effect on osteogenesis. • Innovative technology for enriching the skeletal stem cell fraction from aspirated bone marrow was successfully trialled on bone marrow from an elderly COhOli of . patients, reaching a therapeutic cellular concentration. • A pathological role for osteogenic cells was demonstrated in unicameral bone cysts, with up-regulation of RANI

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Cella, Matteo. "Emotion-based learning : an experimental and clinical investigation." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42967.

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Emotion-based learning has emerged as a concept referring to a specific class of learning in uncertain situations that is facilitated by a substantial input from the emotion system. The precise nature of this input, however, remains a controversial and wellstudied topic. The present thesis builds on existing emotion-based learning research and investigates several understudied and novel research questions in both experimental and clinical domains. In Chapter 1, a literature review outlines the evolution of research on emotion-based learning, its neuropsychological correlates and focuses on one of the most popular tasks used to measure the concept: the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The IGT is an experimental task developed in order to simulate real world complex decision-making. In it, participants make choices from decks of cards that vary in both frequency and magnitude of reward (gain) and punishment (loss). Advantageous decision-making involves foregoing immediate gains with higher long-term losses for lower immediate gains and lower long-term losses. Research has indicated considerable variability in the extent to which healthy controls produce evidence of advantageous learning on the IGT. Chapter 2 showed that placing time constraints on the critical decision-making period in the IGT systematically disrupted the performance of healthy participants. Chapters 3 and 4 introduced a novel variant contingency shifting IGT in which the reward and punishment contingencies were systematically altered following initial exposure to the task. Research was undertaken with a large sample, using a repeated exposure design and by measuring the autonomic skin conductance correlates of contingency shifting IGT performance. Chapter 5 extended the investigation to the dimensional spectrum of depression and schizophrenia by applying the task to participants scoring high and low on measures of psychosis proneness and depression. Results showed that individuals with high psychotic and depressive features displayed poor flexible emotion-based learning performance. Chapter 6 showed that patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired performance compared to controls, while Chapter 7 showed that depressed patients also underperformed compared to controls, in both the initial and contingency shifting phase of the variant IGT. Overall, the findings of the present thesis offer insights into the nature of flexible emotion-based learning, as measured with the contingency shifting IGT, and its impairment, across healthy volunteers, individuals at higher risk of developing psychosis or depression and patients with schizophrenia and depression.

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McNicol, A. M. "Pathology of pituitary corticotrophs : Clinical and experimental studies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372421.

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