Books on the topic 'Clinical EEG data'
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1
Clinical applications of computer analysis of EEG and other neurophysiological signals. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.
2
Vanhatalo, Sampsa, and J. Matias Palva. Infraslow EEG Activity. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0032.
Abstract:
Infraslow electroencephalographic (EEG) activity refers to frequencies below the conventional clinical EEG range that starts at about 0.5 Hz. Evidence suggests that salient EEG signals in the infraslow range are essential parts of many physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, brain is known to exhibit multitude of infraslow processes, which may be observed directly as fluctuations in the EEG signal amplitude, as infraslow fluctuations or intermittency in other neurophysiological signals, or as fluctuations in behavioural performance. Both physiological and pathological EEG activity may range from 0.01 Hz to several hundred Hz. In the clinical context, infraslow activity is commonly observed in the neonatal EEG, during and prior to epileptic seizures, and during sleep and arousals. Laboratory studies have demonstrated the presence of spontaneous infraslow EEG fluctuations or very slow event-related potentials in awake and sleeping subjects. Infraslow activity may not only arise in cortical and subcortical networks but is also likely to involve non-neuronal generators such as glial networks. The full, physiologically relevant range of brain mechanisms can be readily recorded with wide dynamic range direct-current (DC)-coupled amplifiers or full-band EEG (FbEEG). Due to the different underlying mechanisms, a single FbEEG recording can even be perceived as a multimodal recording where distinct brain modalities can be studied simultaneously by performing data analysis for different frequency ranges. FbEEG is likely to become the standard approach for a wide range of applications in both basic science and in the clinic.
3
Sutter, Raoul, Peter W. Kaplan, and Donald L. Schomer. Historical Aspects of Electroencephalography. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0001.
Abstract:
Electroencephalography (EEG), a dynamic real-time recording of electrical neocortical brain activity, began in the 1600s with the discovery of electrical phenomena and the concept of an “action current.” The galvanometer was introduced in the 1800s and the first bioelectrical observations of human brain signals were made in the 1900s. Certain EEG patterns were associated with brain disorders, increasing the clinical and scientific use of EEG. In the 1980s, technical advances allowed EEGs to be digitized and linked with videotape recording. In the 1990s, digital data storage increased and computer networking enabled remote real-time EEG reading, which made possible continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring. Manual cEEG analysis became increasingly labor-intensive, calling for methods to assist this process. In the 2000s, complex algorithms enabling quantitative EEG analyses were introduced, with a new focus on shared activity between rhythms, including phase and magnitude synchrony. The automation of spectral analysis enabled studies of spectral content.
4
Herring, Christina. Neuromodulation in Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0013.
Abstract:
Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is the transformation of the EEG by spectral analysis in which the amount of electrical activity at a particular frequency is determined and compared against a normative data base. EEG findings are specific for different psychiatric problems and help reveal brain abnormalities associated with psychological symptoms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a system of delivering multiple pulses within a short time period that induce changes that outlast the stimulation period. Operant conditioning involves providing a reward to increase the probability of a certain behavior. Neurofeedback involves recording, analyzing, and presenting results of qEEG analyses in near real-time to patients in order to promote changes in brain electrical activity. This chapter reviews how neuromodulation works both clinically and from a neurophysiological perspective. This chapter also reviews current clinical data on the use of neuromodulation approaches for improving mental health and well-being.
5
Thomas, James, and Tanya Monaghan. Clinical data interpretation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199593972.003.0019.
6
Katirji, Bashar. Electromyography in Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.001.0001.
Abstract:
Clinical Electromyography in Clinical Practice provides case-based learning of clinical Electromyography (EMG) with a main mission of reducing the gap between theory and practice in the field of electrodiagnostic medicine. The book format includes four introductory chapters that acquaint the discipline and scope of the EMG Examination to the beginners. This include chapters on nerve conduction studies, needle EMG, and specialized testing including late responses, repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG. Discussion on the electrodiagnostic and clinical EMG findings in the numerous neuromuscular disorders including anterior horn cell disorders, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathies. The second part of the book includes comprehensive presentations of 27 cases that encompass the most common disorders encountered in the EMG laboratory and are presented in a similar layout. These are subdivided into (1) focal disorders of the lower extremity, (2) focal disorders of the upper extremity, and (3) generalized neuromuscular disorders. The book focuses on problem solving through analysis of the data obtained on nerve conduction studies and needle EMG. This is meant to be a bedside analysis of data, similar to what occurs in the EMG laboratory on a daily basis. The exact values obtained on nerve conduction studies are examined and the details of the findings on needle EMG are studied. A final diagnosis is then made. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the clinical and electrodiagnostic findings of the disorder. Clinical Electromyography in Clinical Practice is an ideal book for physicians interested in learning and mastering the clinical practice of clinical EMG. This includes specialists in the field of neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedics, hand surgery, neurosurgery, spine, rheumatology and pain management.
7
Stanley, Barbara, and Antonia New, eds. Borderline Personality Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199997510.001.0001.
Abstract:
Until recently, borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been the stepchild of psychiatric disorders. Many researchers even questioned its existence. Clinicians have been reluctant to reveal the diagnosis to patients because of the stigma attached to it. But individuals with BPD suffer terribly and a significant proportion die by suicide and engage in nonsuicidal self-injury. The aim of this primer on BPD is to fill this void and provide clinicians with an accessible, easy-to-use, clinically oriented, evidenced-based guide for early-stage BPD. We present the most up to date data about BPD by leading experts in the field in a format accessible to trainees and professionals working with individuals with BPD and their family members. The volume is comprehensive and covers the etiology of BPD, its clinical presentation and comorbid disorders, genetics and neurobiology of BPD, effective treatment approaches to BPD, the role of advocacy, and the treatment of special subpopulations (e.g., forensic) in the clinical management of BPD.
8
Staedtke, Verena, and Eric H. Kossoff. Epilepsy Syndromes in Childhood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0074.
Abstract:
Epilepsy syndromes of childhood are a heterogeneous group of disorders that occur at specific neurodevelopmental stages, with a variable prognosis ranging from benign to catastrophic. In clinical practice they are categorized based on seizure type, age of onset, clinical presentation, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, as well as response to treatment. In addition, recent advancements in neuroimaging and genetic testing have become important diagnostic tools revealing underlying defects for some of these syndromes. This knowledge has consequences for clinical practice, as it opens new perspectives for early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the most common pediatric epilepsy syndromes, their clinical findings, associated EEG findings, and clinical management.
9
Poddubnyy, Denis, and Hildrun Haibel. Treatment: DMARDs. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0021.
Abstract:
In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) there is little evidence to support use of classical synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), with the majority of studies performed in advanced ankylosing spondylitis. Sulfasalazine is the best investigated DMARD in axSpA. Its positive clinical effect, if any, seems to be more prominent in the presence of peripheral arthritis, although a certain proportion of patients with axial disease might benefit from sulfasalazine therapy. Available data indicate that there is no evidence that methotrexate might be effective in axial disease, and only marginal evidence exists in support of methotrexate use in case of peripheral involvement. No true disease-modifying properties (e.g. retardation of structural damage progression in the spine) have been demonstrated for DMARDs in axSpA to date. Efficacy of a combination therapy (e.g. methotrexate plus sulfasalazine) as well as benefits of methotrexate (or other DMARDs) in addition to tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors in axSpA remain uncertain.
10
Kirollos, Ramez, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter Hutchinson, eds. Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746706.001.0001.
Abstract:
Neurosurgery is a rapidly developing and technically demanding branch of surgery that requires a detailed knowledge of the basic sciences and a thorough clinical approach. The Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery is an up-to-date, objective, and readable text that covers the full scope of neurosurgical practice. Each section takes a dual approach with ‘generic surgical management’ chapters that focus on specific clinical problems facing the neurosurgeon (e.g. sellar/suprasellar tumour, intradural spina tumours, and others) and ‘pathology-specific’ chapters (e.g. glioma, meningeal tumours, scoliosis and spinal deformity, aneurysm, and others). Where appropriate, this division provides the reader with easily accessible information for both clinical problems which present in a regional fashion and specific pathologies. The generic chapters cover aspects such as operative approaches, neuroanatomy, and nuances.
11
De Los Santos, Marco, and Max Hirshkowitz. Scoring of sleep stages, breathing, and arousals. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0008.
Abstract:
This chapter summarizes scoring guidelines for sleep stages, breathing (airflow and respiratory effort), and arousals based on the principles enumerated by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Current established clinical standards are largely based on those published by the AASM and rules implemented by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services in the USA. These rules include scoring of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep stages, central nervous system (CNS) arousals, and breathing events. Other clinically relevant polysomnographic events exist (eg, limb movements, bruxism, and electrocardiographic events) but such events are beyond the scope of this chapter. The material presented in this chapter can serve as a framework to provide general information to patients and clinicians about methods of performing the tests and gathering summary data.
12
Alosco, Michael L., and Robert A. Stern, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190664121.001.0001.
Abstract:
The prevalence of cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and other neurologic disorders associated with aging is expected to rise dramatically between now and year 2050, when the population of Americans aged 65 or older will nearly double. Cognitive impairment also commonly occurs in other neurologic conditions, as well as in non-neurologic medical disorders (and their treatments), idiopathic psychiatric illnesses, and adult neurodevelopmental disorders. Cognitive impairment can thus infiltrate all aspects of healthcare, making it necessary for clinicians and clinical researchers to have an integrated knowledge of the spectrum of adult cognitive disorders. The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders is meant to serve as an up-to-date, scholarly, and comprehensive volume covering most diseases, conditions, and injuries resulting in impairments in cognitive function in adults. Topics covered include normal cognitive and brain aging, the impact of medical disorders (e.g., cardiovascular, liver, pulmonary) and psychiatric illnesses (e.g., depression and bipolar disorder) on cognitive function, adult neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., Down Syndrome, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), as well as the various neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussion). A section of the Handbook is also dedicated to unique perspectives and special considerations for the clinicians and clinical researchers, covering topics such as cognitive reserve, genetics, diversity, and neuroethics. The target audience of this Handbook includes: (1) clinicians, particularly psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurologists (including behavioral and cognitive neurologists), geriatricians, and psychiatrists (including neuropsychiatrists), who provide clinical care and management for adults with a diverse range of cognitive disorders; (2) clinical researchers who investigate cognitive outcomes and functioning in adult populations; and (3) graduate level students and post-doctoral trainees studying psychology, clinical neuroscience, and various medical specialties.
13
Cornforth, David J., Ahsan H. Khandoker, and Herbert F. Jelinek. ECG Time Series Variability Analysis: Engineering and Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
14
Cornforth, David J., Ahsan H. Khandoker, and Herbert F. Jelinek. ECG Time Series Variability Analysis: Engineering and Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
15
Cornforth, David J., Ahsan H. Khandoker, and Herbert F. Jelinek. ECG Time Series Variability Analysis: Engineering and Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
16
Cornforth, David J., Ahsan H. Khandoker, and Herbert F. Jelinek. ECG Time Series Variability Analysis: Engineering and Medicine. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
17
Maltzman, Sara. Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychology. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.47.
Abstract:
ThisOxford Handbook of Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychologyoffers a multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial approach to research and practice in psychology pertinent to applied settings. It is written for practitioners from varying disciplines and perspectives (e.g., counseling, clinical, school, and developmental psychology; social work), researchers in these areas, as well as oversight bodies (e.g., mental health clinics and government agencies) tasked with the oversight of mental health services provided to the communities they serve. Practitioners and researchers in various disciplines tend to be “siloed,” accessing a restricted literature that typically does not extend far beyond their area of study. The result is suboptimal exposure to an accurate science base that can inform practice and research. ThisHandbookpresents a multidisciplinary approach from experts in their respective fields to understanding clients and treatment across the life span. It includes detailed discussions in several chapters that expand on core areas of research and practice that already have a substantive research base, such as the therapeutic alliance, temperament, therapist variables, and career counseling. TheHandbookalso provides chapters in new areas of research (e.g., neuroimaging, the role of medications, and evaluating the placebo effect) to provide a data-based assessment of the current state of the research in these areas. ThisHandbookprovides “hands-on” guidance and suggestions, based on research, for identifying interventions that are effective, determining what factors can affect treatment effectiveness, and considerations for the evaluation of the provision of mental health services for children, adolescents, adults, and families at the case or aggregate level.
18
Yilmaz, Ali, and Anca Florian. Myocarditis: imaging techniques. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0367.
Abstract:
The clinical presentation of myocarditis is multifaceted and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes as well as biomarkers tend to be non-specific. Therefore, the diagnosis of myocarditis can be challenging and should be based on an integrated approach including patient history, physical examination, non-invasive tests such as ECG and serum biomarkers, and non-invasive cardiac imaging. As myocarditis may lead to global ventricular dysfunction, regional wall motion abnormalities, and/or diastolic dysfunction, echocardiography should be routinely performed. However, hallmarks of acute myocarditis comprise structural changes such as cardiomyocyte swelling, an increase in extracellular space and water content, accumulation of inflammatory cells, potential necrosis or apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and myocardial remodelling with fibrotic tissue replacement that can be depicted by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Nuclear techniques are still not routinely recommended for the work-up of myocarditis—with the possible exception of suspected sarcoidosis—due to limited data, limited diagnostic specificity, limited availability, and risk from radiation exposure. This chapter focuses on those non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques that are used in daily clinical practice for work-up of suspected myocarditis. However, as research continues and novel imaging techniques become available, it is hoped that even more accurate and timely diagnosis of myocarditis will be possible in the near future.
19
Pitt, Matthew. Paediatric Electromyography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.001.0001.
Abstract:
Paediatric Electromyography is a single-author textbook which covers the full range of applications of the techniques of nerve conduction and electromyography (EMG) in children from the neonatal period to the late teenage years. It comprises five sections. Section 1 in its first chapter, gives a detailed introduction to the different skills that are needed to effect successful interventions in paediatric EMG. The emphasis here is that paediatric EMG is not simply adult EMG applied to younger subjects. Its second chapter is an introduction to the basic physiology which is common to any practice of nerve and muscle study. The next three sections (2–4), each comprised of three chapters, are structured anatomically covering in order, nerves, muscles, and neuromuscular junctions. All follow a similar pattern with the first chapter of the section dedicated to the underlying physiology needed for interpretation of the techniques used in the investigation of that particular part of the nervous system. The second chapter gives the pathophysiological associations and the final chapter covers any aspect not covered in the previous two chapters. In section 5 the techniques needed to deal with the more unusual clinical requests, such as investigation of facial palsy, swallowing abnormalities, brachial plexus injuries, and diaphragmatic problems are brought together in a final chapter. The book is concluded with three appendices. Appendix 1 describes protocols devised to cover the differing clinical request sent to any laboratory. Appendix 2 gives a comprehensive database of normative data, often derived from e-norm methodology, and intending to cover every measure recorded. Appendix 3 is an illustrated description of electrode placements for all the common nerve studies.
20
Sharpless, Brian A. Psychodynamic Therapy Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190676278.001.0001.
Abstract:
Psychodynamic therapy is one of the most popular orientations practiced in the world today. The past few decades of research have also provided evidence for its clinical efficacy. However, gaining competence in this approach generally requires years of training and mastery of a large and complex literature. This easily accessible text focuses specifically on the techniques needed for contemporary psychodynamic practice. Written for the intermediate-beginner, it first teaches readers how to think and respond to patients in a consistent psychodynamic manner. Other early chapters focus on the characteristics of “good” interventions and ways to assess their clinical impacts. Next, the book provides straightforward guidance on how to question, clarify, confront, and interpret patient material. These “classic” techniques are then supplemented with six sets of supportive interventions helpful for lower-functioning patients or those in acute crisis. Finally, the procedures required to effectively resolve alliance ruptures are described along with suggestions for using these events to enact clinical gains. In addition to clear, step-by-step instructions on how to prepare techniques (e.g., interpretations), the author provides numerous clinical vignettes. Further, a supplemental appendix conveniently gathers the psychodynamic therapy models and treatment manuals that have been used in empirical studies. These may be helpful for researchers and other readers interested in pursuing more advanced training. Grounded in both sophisticated clinical theory and up-to-date research findings, this book effectively demystifies psychodynamic therapy techniques and helps practitioners more effectively apply them to a wide range of patients and problems.
21
Powell, Craig M. PTEN and Autism With Macrocepaly. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199744312.003.0010.
Abstract:
Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a gene encoding an intracellular signaling molecule. PTEN was originally discovered as the gene responsible for a subset of familial hamartoma (tumor) syndromes associated with increased risk for certain cancers (Nelen et al., 1997) and as a gene often mutated in human cancers and tumor cell lines (Li et al., 1997; Steck et al., 1997). More recently, mutations in PTEN have been linked genetically to the clinical phenotype of autism or developmental delay with macrocephaly (Boccone et al., 2006; Butler et al., 2005; Buxbaum et al., 2007; Goffin, Hoefsloot, Bosgoed, Swillen, & Fryns, 2001; Herman, Butter, et al., 2007; McBride et al., 2010; Orrico et al., 2009; Stein, Elias, Saenz, Pickler, & Reynolds, 2010; Varga, Pastore, Prior, Herman, & McBride, 2009; Zori, Marsh, Graham, Marliss, & Eng, 1998). This chapter examines the role of PTEN in intracellular signaling, the link between PTEN signaling pathways and other autism-related genes and signaling pathways, the genetic relationship between PTEN and autism, model systems in which effects of Pten deletion on the brain have been studied, and promising preclinical data identifying therapeutic targets for patients with autism/macrocephaly associated with PTEN mutations.
22
Merkesdal, Sonja, and Wilfried Mau. Health economics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0031.
Abstract:
The economic burden of rheumatic diseases for society, various payers, and last but not least the individual patient has been increasingly recognized. In addition to the well-known impact of back pain and osteoarthritis, the upcoming new and expensive therapies have made this issue especially intriguing in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A mean international estimate of the total annual costs of RA, mainly consisting of direct resource consumption and indirect costs due to productivity losses relating to paid work, comes to about €5600. Other inflammatory rheumatologic diseases (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, lupus erythematosus) generate similar costs. The implementation of expensive biological drugs in rheumatic care has also led to the pressing need to determine the relation of their costs and clinical outcome (e.g. quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs) in order to compare different treatment strategies in defined patient groups. In RA the health-economic evidence for the cost-effectiveness of biologicals is already quite substantial in terms of treatment of early and advanced RA, as last option treatment of patients refractory to TNF inhibitors. Their cost-effectiveness as first line treatment is less clear. All biologicals have proved their cost-effectiveness in various settings depending on patient selection. It has been clearly demonstrated that adherence to the current guidelines, including monitoring of their effectiveness. leads to cost-effective scenarios. In TNF-refractory RA, abatacept and rituximab have proved to be economically favourable strategies. Economic data on other inflammatory rheumatic entities is relatively sparse. Incomplete long-term and observational data are still the most prominent gaps in health-economic evidence relating to rheumatic disorders.
23
Sanetti, Lisa, Melissa A. Collier-Meek, and Lindsay Fallon. Fidelity with Flexibility. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.25.
Abstract:
Research has linked the use of evidence-supported treatments to effective, efficient therapeutic outcomes. Questions related to the best way to disseminate and implement evidence-supported treatments in the field has led to discussions about transportability of treatments from controlled to applied settings. Specifically, scholars have focused on issues related to treatment fidelity, acceptability, and adoption versus adaptation of evidence-based treatments in practice. Treatment fidelity, a multidimensional construct, pertains to how extensively a treatment is delivered to a client, and it may be affected by several variables. Although the relationship is complex, treatment fidelity is considered an important moderator of client outcomes. Furthermore, the acceptability of a treatment appears to be of importance. Simply, if a treatment is perceived to be acceptable, it is more likely to be implemented with high levels of fidelity, increasing the chances that successful therapeutic outcomes will result. Nevertheless data indicate that some clinicians are wary of using evidence-supported treatments; their chief concern is feasibility of implementation, which could affect treatment fidelity and acceptability. Thus, there is a debate about whether evidence-supported treatments should be adopted strictly as developed or whether they might be adapted to improve implementation and acceptability. In adaptation of a treatment, relevant clinician variables (e.g., training received, availability of resources) and client factors (e.g., cultural fit) might be considered to promote therapeutic outcomes. This chapter describes how the key to treatment success may be to strike a balance between fidelity and adaptation of evidence-based treatments and fidelity with flexibility.
24
Dietz, Volker, and Nick S. Ward, eds. Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198824954.001.0001.
Abstract:
In the new edition of the Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation all chapters have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge in the field of neurorehabilitation. It will be supplemented by additional chapters that reflect novel developments in the field of neurorehabilitation. During recent years there has been a strong evolution in the field of vocational rehabilitation with the aim of helping people after an injury of the nervous system to overcome the barriers and return to employment. A new chapter on self-management strategies deals with building confidence in individuals to manage the medical and emotional aspects of their condition. Furthermore, today the scientific basis for music supported therapy is a much broader to introduce it in this edition. New guidelines and consensus statements became established concerning preclinical research, biomarkers, and outcome measures, in both animal models and human beings. There are new data on attempts (e.g. using stem cells or Nogo antibodies) to restore function after spinal cord injury and stroke. Not all of these therapies and clinical trials have had positive outcomes. One particular area of rapid expansion reflects the use of technology in neurorehabilitation and several chapters remain devoted to this topic in various forms. Still a better understanding of the interactions of technology led therapies and conventional approaches in patients with neurodisability is required. There is still work to be done in defining key components of all neurorehabilitation interventions in order to understand how they might best be delivered for maximum benefit.
25
Bitter, István, ed. Managing Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198840121.001.0001.
Abstract:
Negative symptoms are considered to be the fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia. This book provides up-to-date, practical information on the management of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by describing the concepts, definitions, long-term course, evaluation (including rating scales), and treatment of such symptoms. Along with symptoms based on clinical interview and observed behaviour, the subjective experience of people with negative symptoms of schizophrenia is also described. The book helps the reader understand the link between the latest research in this field and offers an expert insight into the various approaches that are adopted by some of the most prestigious schools of psychopathology. The first chapter guides the reader through the complex and sometimes contradictory interpretations of negative symptoms. It also describes the most commonly used negative symptom rating scales. Some of the scales or parts of them are included in the Appendix. The chapter on the basic symptoms of schizophrenia and their relationship to negative symptoms can lend support both for early intervention programmes and for the long-term follow-up of patients. It describes the evaluation of basic symptoms and provides information on currently used rating instruments developed for the standardized evaluation of such symptoms. The delineation of the long-term relationship between primary negative and positive symptoms and between primary and secondary negative symptoms in the Chapter 3 can be instrumental in the diagnostic process and personalized treatment of schizophrenia, which is characterized by complex and varying psychopathology and comorbidities (e.g. depression, extrapyramidal symptoms). Chapter 4 on the subjective experiences of patients with negative symptoms contributes to a better understanding of patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It also includes a description of a number a rating instruments focusing on the subjective experiences of the patients. Chapters 5 and 6, on treatments, including the pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.