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1
Al Mosawi, Aamir Jalal. "Advancing clinical genetics diagnostic skills: Cherubism." Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/009.
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Background: Cherubism is a very rare, mostly a childhood condition that can be horribly disfiguring. We have previously reported our extensive experiences with the diagnosis of rare genetic disorders in a plethora of publications. We have previously reported a large number of rare conditions in Iraq, and we have also helped physicians in the diagnosis and publication of rare syndromes observed in other countries. The aim of this papers is to help physicians in advancing the diagnostic skills in the field of clinical genetics by reviewing briefly a rare syndrome that have not been reported in Iraq, but it is associated with certain clinical characteristics that allow an early diagnosis when seen for the first time. Patients and methods: During the last week of January, 2021, several TV channels presented and discussed the problem of two brothers from Egypt who were considered to have a very rare poorly defined condition that has been associated with progressive disfigurement which resulted in embarrassing social encounters. The cases of the two brothers are presented. Results: The older brother aged 15 and the younger brother aged 14 years. Both had abnormal bilateral and symmetric growth of the jaw resulting in a wide jaw appearance and a round and swollen appearance of cheeks. They also had no teeth on the lower jaw and loose or misplaced teeth on the upper jaw. The parents and a third brother were unaffected. Both children didn’t have mental retardation. The older brother had more severe disfigurement, and many people were asking him to remove the mask he is wearing. He also had very poor vision of left eye resulting from the pressure effect and upward displacement of the eye. The younger brother had a surgical operation to remove a benign tumor from the lower jaw which reduced his disfigurement. Conclusion: Awareness of doctors with this condition “Cherubism” is helpful, and denosumab can be tried in severe cases based on the evidence provided by Bar Droma et al (2020).
2
Rather, Suhail Raheem, and Hina Kounsar. "Diagnostic Criteria in Dermatology." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230207.
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Diagnostic criteria are defined as group of features that can collectively be used to diagnose a condition. Diagnostic criteria are used for diagnosing those skin conditions that have heterogenous presentation and do not have a single specific clinical, laboratory or pathological feature. Keywords: Diagnostic criteria, Atopic Dermatitis, Sweets Syndrome, Pyoderma Gangrenosum
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Sukumaran, Anju, and John Buchlis. "Key Diagnostic Finding in a Condition with Variable Clinical Presentations." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/415463.
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This is an interesting case series on a very common genetic condition which are often diagnosed late as clinical signs are inconspicuous. We would like to highlight the principal clinical examination finding which led to diagnosis.
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Keo, Hong H., Silvia B. Gretener, and Daniel Staub. "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of lymphedema." Vasa 46, no. 4 (June 1, 2017): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000622.
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Abstract. Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive, and common but often unrecognized condition. The diagnosis of lymphatic disease on clinical grounds alone remains a challenge. Without proper diagnosis, therapy is often delayed, allowing disease progression. There is a need for a practical diagnostic algorithm and its imaging technique to guide clinical decision-making. The aim of this topical review is to provide a practical approach for assessing patients with suspected lymphedema and to give a critical appraisal of currently available imaging modalities that are applied in clinical practice to diagnose and map lymphatic disease.
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Usmonov, Sanjar, and Elyorbek Usmonov. "TINNITUS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL AND TREATMENT ASPECTS." Frontline Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2025): 21–23. https://doi.org/10.37547/medical-fmspj-05-01-04.
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Tinnitus, commonly described as ringing, buzzing, or hissing in the ears, is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the population. It can arise from various etiological factors, including noise exposure, age-related hearing loss, ototoxic medications, and underlying pathological conditions. Clinically, tinnitus presents with varying degrees of severity, ranging from a mild nuisance to a debilitating condition that impacts quality of life. The pathological mechanisms involve abnormalities in auditory pathways, neural plasticity, and dysfunction of the central nervous system. Current treatment approaches include sound therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), pharmacological interventions, and emerging neuromodulation techniques. Understanding the clinical, pathological, and treatment aspects of tinnitus is crucial for developing effective management strategies and improving patient outcomes. This article explores the underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and contemporary treatment modalities to enhance clinical interventions for individuals affected by tinnitus.
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Bossuyt, Patrick MM, Johannes B. Reitsma, Kristian Linnet, and Karel GM Moons. "Beyond Diagnostic Accuracy: The Clinical Utility of Diagnostic Tests." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 1636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.182576.
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Abstract Like any other medical technology or intervention, diagnostic tests should be thoroughly evaluated before their introduction into daily practice. Increasingly, decision makers, physicians, and other users of diagnostic tests request more than simple measures of a test's analytical or technical performance and diagnostic accuracy; they would also like to see testing lead to health benefits. In this last article of our series, we introduce the notion of clinical utility, which expresses—preferably in a quantitative form—to what extent diagnostic testing improves health outcomes relative to the current best alternative, which could be some other form of testing or no testing at all. In most cases, diagnostic tests improve patient outcomes by providing information that can be used to identify patients who will benefit from helpful downstream management actions, such as effective treatment in individuals with positive test results and no treatment for those with negative results. We describe how comparative randomized clinical trials can be used to estimate clinical utility. We contrast the definition of clinical utility with that of the personal utility of tests and markers. We show how diagnostic accuracy can be linked to clinical utility through an appropriate definition of the target condition in diagnostic-accuracy studies.
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Mitronin, A. V., D. A. Ostanina, and Yu A. Mitronin. "Review of the modern pulp condition diagnosis." Endodontics Today 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2020-18-1-42-45.
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The review gives a contemporary notion about vital pulp minimally invasive diagnosis of temporary and permanent teeth. The latest information in Russian and foreign articles concerning new diagnostic methods that were proposed to increase diagnostic reliability is given in present review. The authors analysed advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic tools, studied their clinical effectiveness and made a conclusion about the possibility of predicting the status of pulses in the long term.
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Pokharel, Bishnu, Rosan Prasad Shah Kalawar, and Guru Prasad Khanal. "Meralgia paresthetica – Solving the diagnostic dilemma." International Journal of Biomedical Research 9, no. 3 (April 1, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v9i3.4642.
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Meralgia paraesthetica (MP) is a clinical syndrome produced by entrapment mono-neuropathy of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). It classically presents as numbness, paresthesia or dysesthesia of anterolateral aspect of thigh but sometime it may mimic conditions like lumbar radiculopathy, femoro-acetabular impingement, trochanteric bursitis, etc. Since it has wide spectrum of clinical presentation, it should be the diagnosis of exclusion when causes of anterolateral thigh pain is not explained by other known causes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of this clinical condition with the emphasis on various clinical presentations and anatomical variations of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Different methods of diagnosis and treatment are also explored and discussed in this paper.
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García, Francisco Javier Sánchez, Jorge Alberto de Haro Estrada, and Herman Michael Dittmar Johnson. "PELVIC INSUFFICIENCY: UNDERDIAGNOSED CONDITION, THERAPEUTIC DIAGNOSTIC REVIEW." Coluna/Columna 17, no. 2 (June 2018): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120181702190995.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The importance of sacral fractures has recently been recognized. However, its diagnosis is difficult, both clinically and through image, but there are more options for comprehensive diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a literature review about its diagnosis and the treatments currently offered, and also to check which treatments had the best results. Results: Patients with pelvic insufficiency have limited mobility due to lumbar or pelvic pain. As radiculopathy is a neurologically stable condition, it has a reported incidence of only 5% and sphincter disorders. The pain improves when lying down and increases with load. The treatments vary from conservative to surgical. Discussion: The different treatments were compared, and the one that has more morbidity is the conservative, because it predisposes us to complications (pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, heart failure, decubitus ulcers); in the interventionists we observe a faster improvement to normal activity of these patients, the complications are minor and the pain improvement is noticeable and much faster. Conclusion: Fractures due to pelvic insufficiency are underdiagnosed. However, there are already better imaging techniques and combined with good exploration and clinical history we can suspect this condition and offer the best possible treatment, these being the invasive ones that have had better results with lower morbidity and recovery of activity much more quickly. Level of Evidence III; Review of therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.
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Ouali, A. El, I. Bounnite, S. Moussaoui, M. Labied, C. Mountassir, G. Lembarki, M. Sabiri, and S. Lezar. "CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES OF KARTAGENER SYNDROME." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 06 (June 30, 2024): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18954.
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Kartagener syndrome (KS) is an uncommon autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the triad of bronchiectasis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and situs inversus. It is a specific phenotype within the spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a condition involving dysfunctional ciliary motility. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management of the associated respiratory complications.
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Rayhel, Laura, and Jessica Quimby. "Clinical assessment of muscle condition in cats." Veterinary Nurse 12, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2021.12.2.66.
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Loss of muscle occurs in feline patients as a result of multiple chronic conditions, and muscle atrophy may worsen the prognosis for cats that are living with these diseases. In states of health, a balance exists between cellular processes that build muscle and processes that break it down. Disease states such as kidney disease, cancers, cardiac disease, and metabolic conditions promote chronic systemic inflammation which shifts this balance in favour of muscle breakdown. If noted, muscle loss should prompt a thorough medical investigation including nutritional and clinical history, laboratory work, and imaging studies, as well as the creation of an in-depth nutritional management plan. Veterinary nurses are the first line in recognising muscle loss, identifying historical clues as to its cause, and educating clients about diagnostic and therapeutic plans for associated disease management.
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Kumar, R., R. F. Bamford, D. Kumar, and G. Singh-Ranger. "Appendagitis following Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy." Case Reports in Surgery 2016 (2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6973061.
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Appendagitis is an uncommon clinical entity, often not recognised, and mistaken for more serious infective conditions. We describe a proven case of appendagitis which occurred after confirmed appendicitis. We postulate that this condition can coexist with appendicitis and indeed may be the result of coinflammation. This has several implications. Firstly, clinicians must retain an index of suspicion for this condition in a patient with localised abdominal pain which occurs after appendicitis. Secondly, it would be reasonable to suggest careful examination of colocated appendages in a patient with an otherwise normal-appearing appendix. Treatment might require laparoscopic resection, as performed in this case.
13
Haidar, Laura, Camelia Felicia Bănărescu, Cristina Uța, Sandra Iulia Moldovan, Elena-Larisa Zimbru, Răzvan-Ionuț Zimbru, Elena Ciurariu, Marius Georgescu, and Carmen Panaitescu. "Pollen–Food Allergy Syndrome: Allergens, Clinical Insights, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges." Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (December 25, 2024): 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010066.
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Pollen–food allergy syndrome (PFAS), also known as oral allergy syndrome, is a common condition affecting individuals sensitized to pollens such as birch, ragweed, and grass. This syndrome arises from immunological cross-reactivity between pollen allergens and structurally similar proteins found in various fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Although typically presenting with mild oral and pharyngeal symptoms, PFAS can occasionally result in severe allergic reactions, underscoring its clinical significance. This review explores the pathophysiology of PFAS, highlighting the molecular mechanisms underlying cross-reactivity and examining the main protein families involved, including those contributing to variations in symptom severity. Current diagnostic approaches, including skin prick testing, specific immunoglobulin E measurements, and component-resolved diagnostics, are discussed. Emerging diagnostic tools and biomarkers with potential to enhance accuracy are also examined. Therapeutic strategies for PFAS primarily focus on symptom management and avoidance of trigger foods. However, novel approaches such as allergen immunotherapy and biologics targeting key immune pathways are gaining traction as potential interventions for more severe or refractory cases. By addressing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of PFAS, this paper aims to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of this condition, fostering improved patient care and the development of innovative treatment strategies.
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Al-Shuwayman, Abdullah Abdulrahman, Hamad Fahad Hamad Aldawsari, Sultan Bin Saeed Mufreh Al-Shahri, Futun Khaled Abdullah Al-Qarni, Shahad Mohammed Bin Saeed, and Muhammad Sultan Al-Harkan. "Appendicitis: A medical serious condition - An updated review." International journal of health sciences 7, S1 (January 5, 2023): 3624–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7n1.15281.
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Background: Appendicitis, an inflammation of the appendix, is a prevalent medical condition with varied clinical presentations. It primarily affects individuals between 5 and 45 years of age, with a higher incidence in males. Although appendicitis is common in Western countries, its rates are increasing in developing regions. Aim: This updated review aims to explore the clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and risk factors of appendicitis, with a focus on typical and atypical signs, as well as the role of imaging in diagnosis. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, incorporating studies on appendicitis risk factors, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies. Data on clinical presentations, anatomical variations, and the effectiveness of imaging modalities were examined. Results: The review highlights that typical symptoms of appendicitis include migratory pain, anorexia, nausea, and fever, but atypical presentations are common in children, the elderly, and pregnant women. Delayed diagnosis in these groups can lead to complications such as perforation and peritonitis. Diagnostic imaging, including ultrasonography, CT scans, and MRI, plays a crucial role in identifying appendicitis, with CT scans being the gold standard.
15
Ramírez-Madrigal, Miguel A., Patricia Flores Troche, Juan Francisco Medina Ledesma, Esmeralda Hernández Lerma, and Mario Eduardo Elias Medina. "Kerion celsi: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES 03, no. 07 (July 22, 2023): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v3-i7-020.
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Querion de Celso, also known as Celso abscess, is a rare and severe inflammatory condition that arises as a complication of folliculitis. It is characterized by the formation of a purulent and fluctuant abscess in the pilosebaceous region. This dermatological disorder is primarily associated with the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, into the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Clinically, kerion de Celso presents as a prominent, erythematous, warm, and fluctuant lesion, often accompanied by local pain, restricted movement, and potential systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise. The diagnosis of kerion de Celso relies on a comprehensive evaluation, including clinical assessment, histopathological findings, and microbiological analysis. These diagnostic modalities support the presence of an intense inflammatory response and aid in identifying the causative agent. Treatment of kerion de Celso necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Systemic antibiotics are essential to eliminate the underlying bacterial infection, while analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents provide symptomatic relief. Surgical incision and drainage may be required in cases of extensive abscess formation. In more complex situations, immunosuppressive therapy may be considered to modulate the exaggerated inflammatory response. Adequate wound care and close follow-up are crucial to ensure successful resolution and prevent long-term complications. In summary, Celso's kerion is a rare but potentially severe condition that requires prompt recognition and appropriate management to minimize complications and promote healing. Understanding the clinical, etiological, and therapeutic aspects of this condition is essential for healthcare professionals to deliver optimal care and improve clinical outcomes.
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Charatcharoenwitthaya, Kridh, and Torpong Thongngarm. "Food-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis: A Challenging Life-threatening Condition." Siriraj Medical Journal 76, no. 9 (September 1, 2024): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33192/smj.v76i9.269446.
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Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by allergic reactions triggered by the combination of specific food ingestion and physical exertion. Despite its rarity, FDEIA poses significant diagnostic and management challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and variable clinical presentation. Diagnosis relies on careful evaluation of clinical history, symptomatology, and laboratory tests, with inherent difficulties in distinguishing FDEIA from other related conditions. Management of FDEIA involves comprehensive strategies to minimize the risk of allergic reactions through measures such as allergen avoidance, patient education, and timely administration of epinephrine. While existing treatment approaches primarily target acute reactions, ongoing research endeavors are crucial for validating emerging diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This review offers a comprehensive overview of FDEIA, encompassing its epidemiology, underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and management approaches.
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Shimatsu, Akira, and Naoki Hattori. "Macroprolactinemia: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Pathogenic Significance." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/167132.
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Macroprolactinemia is characterized by a large molecular mass of PRL (macroprolactin) as the main molecular form of PRL in sera, the frequent elevation of serum PRL (hyperprolactinemia), and the lack of symptoms. Macroprolactin is largely a complex of PRL with immunoglobulin G (IgG), especially anti-PRL autoantibodies. The prevalence of macroprolactinemia is 10–25% in patients with hyperprolactinemia and 3.7% in general population. There is no gender difference and a long-term followup demonstrates that macroprolactinemia develops before middle age and is likely a chronic condition. Polyethylene-glycol- (PEG-) precipitation method is widely used for screening macroprolactinemia, and gel filtration chromatography, protein A/G column, andI125-PRL binding studies are performed to confirm and clarify its nature. The cross-reactivity of macroprolactin varies widely according to the immunoassay systems. The epitope on PRL molecule recognized by the autoantibodies is located close to the binding site for PRL receptors, which may explain that macroprolactin has a lower biological activity. Hyperprolactinemia frequently seen in macroprolactinemic patients is due to the delayed clearance of autoantibody-bound PRL. When rats are immunized with rat pituitary PRL, anti-PRL autoantibodies are produced and hyperprolactinemia develops, mimicking macroprolactinemia in humans. Screening of macroprolactinemia is important for the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia to avoid unnecessary examinations and treatments.
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Rudoy, Andrei S., A. A. Bova, and T. A. Nekhaichik. "Open oval window and associated clinical conditions." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 95, no. 7 (August 4, 2017): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-7-607-612.
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This review deals with pathogenetic mechanisms underlying formation of the open oval window (OOW) with special reference to the prevalence of this condition in the general population, its relationship with the associated clinical manifestations and complications, stratification of OOW risks, and modern diagnostic modalities. Approaches to the treatment of OOW are described in details.
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Abu-Akel, Ahmad, Chad Bousman, Efstratios Skafidas, and Christos Pantelis. "Mind the prevalence rate: overestimating the clinical utility of psychiatric diagnostic classifiers." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 8 (March 20, 2018): 1225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718000673.
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AbstractCurrently, there is an intense pursuit of pathognomonic markers and diagnostic (‘risk-based’) classifiers of psychiatric conditions. Commonly, the epidemiological prevalence of the condition is not factored into the development of these classifiers. By not adjusting for prevalence, classifiers overestimate the potential of their clinical utility. As valid predictive values have critical implications in public health and allocation of resources, development of clinical classifiers should account for the prevalence of psychiatric conditions in both general and high-risk populations. We suggest that classifiers are most likely to be useful when targeting enriched populations.
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Bokhari, Ehsan, and Lawrence Hubert. "A new condition for assessing the clinical efficiency of a diagnostic test." Psychological Assessment 27, no. 3 (2015): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000093.
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J Vermunt, Jos. "Ancillary Diagnostic Tests in Cattle: A Range of Surgical Procedures." Journal of Clinical Veterinary Research 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54289/jcvr2200101.
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Clinical reasoning and the art of diagnosis are central to the role of the large animal veterinarian in production animal medicine. When treating an individual animal, observing, and interpreting change in its behaviour, body function and production underpin the establishment of a diagnosis. Careful and methodical observation is required to identify and characterise the ways in which an animal deviates from normal; a detailed clinical examination is then needed to interpret the observations into a diagnosis. The diagnosis might involve a condition expressing as frank clinical disease, a condition in which the signs are very mild, or a condition simply involving reduced performance. Once an accurate diagnosis has been made, the options for clinical management of the condition can be examined and evaluated.
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Shrestha, Sonika Dhari. "Kimura Disease: A Diagnostic Perplexity." Otolaryngology Open Access Journal 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ooaj-16000259.
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Introduction: Kimura disease (KD) is a rare condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. This is more common in young males of Asian descent. The most common clinical presentation is presence of unilateral subcutaneous mass in the head and neck region, especially in post-auricular area. We present a case of KD in 26- year- old Asian man who presented with subcutaneous mass behind both auricles. Case report: A 26- year- old man presented to ORL-HNS outpatient department of tertiary care centre with chief complaint of mass behind both ear for 5 months. Incisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination report confirmed the case as KD. Patient was managed with intralesional triamcinolone injection. Conclusion: Kimura disease, though rare, should be considered in differential diagnosis of head and neck subcutaneous masses. A high-index of suspicion and tissue biopsy confirmation is essential to diagnose this condition.
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Samozhenova, P. S., E. E. Gubernatorova, T. V. Adasheva, E. I. Goruleva, and E. G. Lobanova. "Clinical Case of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: Diagnostic Difficulties, Therapeutic Tactics." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 15, no. 2 (March 25, 2025): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2025-15-2-151-160.
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Tuberculous adrenal insufficiency is a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), characterized by insufficient production of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Nonspecific symptoms of PAI complicate timely diagnosis and treatment, which often leads to a life-threatening condition, Addisonian crisis. This article presents a clinical observation of a 67-year-old female patient. For 8 months, the patient noted a gradual increase in general weakness, and decreased appetite. When visiting a local clinic in June 2022, she was diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Condition on admission in the medical ward in October 2022 was manifested as severe general weakness, abdominal pain, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting. Given the above symptoms, Addisonian crisis was suspected. Before the results of diagnostic tests were obtained, the patient was given hydrocortisone 100 mg intravenously by jet stream 4 times per day. Based on the test results, the patient was diagnosed with primary adrenal insufficiency caused by a tuberculosis process. The patient was prescribed hormone replacement therapy, she was advised on the principles of independently adjusting the hormone therapy; a consultation with a TB specialist was also recommended to decide on initiating anti-tuberculosis therapy. The patient developed an Addisonian crisis due to a combination of factors: the treatment (the drug interaction), the impact of diagnostic procedures (bronchoscopy) and due to no correction of the prescribed hormone replacement therapy. After the acute condition was relieved, the patient was re-consulted by the endocrinologist who decided to increase the dosage of hormone replacement therapy and continue the treatment with antitubercular agents. This clinical case has demonstrated the specifics of diagnostics and selection of replacement therapy in the treatment of PNI. It has also shown that doctors of various specialties have to be better informed about the algorithm and tactics of managing patients with symptoms of Addisonian crisis.
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Simões Porto, Hisabella Lorena, Isabela Alves Guerra, Barbara Figueiredo Bastos, Marina Ferreira, Marcelino Pereira Martins Neto, and Maria Christina Marques Nogueira Castañon. "Lupus Vulgaris: A Diagnostic Challenge." Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology 79, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29021/spdv.79.1.1284.
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Lupus vulgaris is a clinical variant of cutaneous tuberculosis, a rare subtype of extrapulmonary infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. A paucibacillary form associated with high degrees of immunity, predominantly in the face, may present several clinical and histopathological differential diagnoses, which makes its diagnosis challenging. We present a case of lupus vulgaris in an immunocompetent patient, whose initial clinical presentation and histopathology did not suggest the condition. The objective is to highlight the relevance of the hypothesis of cutaneous tuberculosis as an important differential diagnosis, especially in endemic areas.
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Mai, François M. "“Hysteria” in Clinical Neurology." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 22, no. 2 (May 1995): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100040166.
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AbstractHysteria is an ancient word for a common clinical condition. Although it no longer appears in official diagnostic classifications, “hysteria” is used here as a generic term to cover both “somatoform” and “dissociative” disorders as these are related psychopathological states. This paper reviews the clinical features of four hysterical syndromes known to occur in a neurologist’s practice, viz conversion, somatization and pain disorders, and psychogenic amnesia. The presence in the clinical history of a multiplicity of symptoms, prodromal stress, a “model” for the symptom(s), and secondary reinforcement all suggest the diagnosis, and minimise the need for extensive investigations to rule out organic disease. Psychodynamic, behavioral, psychophysiologic and genetic factors have been proffered to explain etiology. Appropriate treatment involves psychotherapeutic, behavioral and pharmacological techniques. A basic requirement is to avoid errors of commission such as multiple specialist referrals and invasive diagnostic and treatment procedures. Hysteria is a remediable condition if identified early and managed appropriately.
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Ramírez-Madrigal, Miguel A., Patricia Flores Troche, Juan Francisco Medina Ledesma, Esmeralda Hernández Lerma, and Mario Eduardo Elias Medina. "Kerion of Celso: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES 03, no. 07 (July 15, 2023): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v3-i7-20.
Full textAbstract:
Querion de Celso, also known as Celso abscess, is a rare and severe inflammatory condition that arises as a complication of folliculitis. It is characterized by the formation of a purulent and fluctuant abscess in the pilosebaceous region. This dermatological disorder is primarily associated with the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, into the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Clinically, kerion de Celso presents as a prominent, erythematous, warm, and fluctuant lesion, often accompanied by local pain, restricted movement, and potential systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise. The diagnosis of kerion de Celso relies on a comprehensive evaluation, including clinical assessment, histopathological findings, and microbiological analysis. These diagnostic modalities support the presence of an intense inflammatory response and aid in identifying the causative agent. Treatment of kerion de Celso necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Systemic antibiotics are essential to eliminate the underlying bacterial infection, while analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents provide symptomatic relief. Surgical incision and drainage may be required in cases of extensive abscess formation. In more complex situations, immunosuppressive therapy may be considered to modulate the exaggerated inflammatory response. Adequate wound care and close follow-up are crucial to ensure successful resolution and prevent long-term complications. In summary, Celso's kerion is a rare but potentially severe condition that requires prompt recognition and appropriate management to minimize complications and promote healing. Understanding the clinical, etiological, and therapeutic aspects of this condition is essential for healthcare professionals to deliver optimal care and improve clinical outcomes.
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Akhmedzhanova, L. T., O. A. Solokha, and V. G. Kukava. "Thoracalgia: diagnostic and treatment algorithms." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 16, no. 5 (October 20, 2024): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2024-5-99-105.
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Treatment of patients with chest pain (thoracalgia) is a current medical issue. The most common cause of thoracalgia is a benign musculoskeletal pain such as intercostal myofascial pain, facet syndrome and osteoarthritis of the sternocostal joints. However, chest pain can also be caused by life-threatening conditions that require emergent medical care. The article presents the clinical symptoms and treatment approaches for various chest pain syndromes and the principles of differential diagnosis of cardiac pain. The basis of effective treatment is a comprehensive approach that includes patient education about the benign nature of the condition, kinesiotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Among the drug methods, the prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the most important. Nimesulide is an NSAID with an optimal profile of efficacy and safety. The example of a clinical case shows the heterogeneity of pain syndromes in patients with chest pain, whose timely diagnosis and complex treatment can prevent pain chronification and improve patients' quality of life.
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Alsyamy, Areej M., Amnah T. Kashkari, Fawaz A. Alazdi, Abdulmonem T. Dalati, Mohammed M. Alawadi, Emad S. Hawari, Mohammed M. Nassar, et al. "Hyperaldosteronism: types, clinical characteristics, and treatment." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214792.
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Cases with hyperaldosteronism might be asymptomatic in many events. Therefore, the diagnosis can be missed. However, the usual presentation for many patients has been reported to be a refractory elevation in the blood pressure which might be mild to severe. Based on the type of hyperaldosteronism and the diagnosis, the treatment of these conditions should be established. Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment is specific to the management of the underlying etiology, and managing the clinical characteristics and associated complications. This present literature review aims to provide evidence regarding the types, clinical characteristics, and treatment of aldosterone based on data from the current investigations in the literature. Different clinical phenotypes have been reported for the condition. Nevertheless, the disease can be broadly classified into primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism based on the pathophysiology and etiology of the condition. Clinical characteristics might not be diagnostic since they are very non-specific, despite being common in these patients, as hypokalemia and hypertension. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of conducting the necessary diagnostic approaches before establishing the diagnosis. Management of these patients requires the integration of different approaches, including surgical and medical treatment. Perioperative care is important because it may lead to unfavorable consequences if neglected.
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De Matteis, Arianna, Giuseppe Pagliaro, Vito Domenico Corleto, Claudia Pacchiarotti, Emilio Di Giulio, Maria Pia Villa, Pasquale Parisi, Francesca Vassallo, Chiara Ziparo, and Giovanni Di Nardo. "Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children: Clinical Findings and Diagnostic Approach." Current Pediatric Reviews 16, no. 3 (November 5, 2020): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666191004110549.
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: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic immune and antigen-mediated clinicopathologic disease. During the last 2 decades, the incidence of this condition in children has increased significantly, thanks to practitioners for creating the awareness and higher use of diagnostic endoscopy. We have analysed paediatric literature on EoE focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings and diagnostic approach. : EoE is pathogenically related to a Th2 inflammation characterized by a mixed IgE and non-IgEmediated reaction to food and/or environmental agents. This leads to esophageal dysfunction and remodeling accompanied by subepithelial fibrosis. EoE can be presented with several range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including regurgitation, vomiting, feeding difficulties or feeding refusal in infants and toddlers, as well as heartburn, dysphagia and food bolus impaction in older children and adults. The diagnostic suspicion is based on the presence of chronic symptoms of esophgeal dysfunction and esophageal eosinophilia characterised histologically by a significant eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophageal mucosa (>15 eosinophils per high powered field). In this review, we will provide an update on clinical presentation and diagnostic approach to EoE in children. We emphasized on the relevant aspects of the new clinical condition termed “PPI responsive esophageal eosinophilia”, as entities distinct from EoE and the role of PPI trial in the diagnostic workup, therefore we proposed a new diagnostic algorithm.
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Pérez, Ignacio, Iara Yamila Taito-Vicenti, Catalina Gracia González-Xuriguera, Cristhian Carvajal, Juan Víctor Ariel Franco, and Cristóbal Loézar. "How to interpret diagnostic tests." Medwave 21, no. 07 (August 30, 2021): e8432-e8432. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2021.07.8432.
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Healthcare professionals make decisions in a context of uncertainty. When making a diagnosis, relevant patient characteristics are categorized to fit a particular condition that explains what the patient is experiencing. During the diagnostic process, tools such as the medical interview, physical examination, and other complementary tests support this categorization. These tools, known as diagnostic tests, allow professionals to estimate the probability of the presence or absence of the suspected medical condition. The usefulness of diagnostic tests varies for each clinical condition, and studies of accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and diagnostic impact (impact on health outcomes) are used to evaluate them. In this article, the general theoretical and practical concepts about diagnostic tests in human beings are addressed, considering their historical background, their relationship with probability theories, and their practical utility with illustrative examples.
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Akinosoglou, Karolina, Georgios Schinas, Despoina Papageorgiou, Eleni Polyzou, Zoe Massie, Sabriye Ozcelik, Francesca Donders, and Gilbert Donders. "Rapid Molecular Diagnostics in Vulvovaginal Candidosis." Diagnostics 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2024): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202313.
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Background/Objectives: Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is a common condition among women, with current diagnostic methods relying on clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. These traditional methods are often limited by the need for specialized training, variable performance, and lengthy diagnostic processes, leading to delayed treatment and inappropriate antifungal use. This review evaluates the efficacy of molecular diagnostic tools for VVC and provides guidance on their application in clinical practice. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify studies evaluating rapid diagnostic tests specifically for vulvovaginal Candida isolates. Inclusion criteria focused on studies utilizing molecular diagnostics for the detection of Candida species in VVC. Articles discussing non-vaginal Candida infections, non-English studies, and animal or in vitro research were excluded. Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, predominantly evaluating nucleid acid amplification tests/polymerase chain reaction (NAAT/PCR) assays and DNA probes. PCR/NAAT assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (>86%) for VVC diagnosis, outperforming conventional diagnostic methods. Comparatively, DNA probes, while simpler, exhibited lower sensitivity. The included studies were mostly observational, with only one randomized controlled trial. Emerging diagnostic technologies, including artificial intelligence and integrated testing models, show promise for improving diagnostic precision and clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Molecular diagnostics offer a significant improvement in VVC management, though traditional methods remain valuable in resource-limited settings.
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Bouqourou, H., S. Taddart, A. EL Hajjami, Y. Bouktib, B. Boutakioute, M. Ouali EL Idrissi, and N. Cherif Idrissi Ganouni. "Diagnostic Strategy in Idiopathic Diaphragmatic Paralysis." SAS Journal of Medicine 10, no. 09 (September 6, 2024): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2024.v10i09.009.
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Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is a medical condition characterized by the impairment of either the right or left hemidiaphragm, resulting in an inability to contract effectively during inspiration. This condition may arise due to intrinsic diaphragmatic muscle dysfunction or a disruption in the neural input from the phrenic nerve to the affected hemidiaphragm. The etiology is diverse, with clinical manifestations varying from an absence of symptoms to severe respiratory compromise. This case study aims to review the assessment and management of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, highlighting the role of dynamic imaging techniques, such as diaphragmatic ultrasound, in the diagnosis, evaluation, and ongoing monitoring of patients with this condition.
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Farkhutdinova, L. M. "Hyperosmolar Coma: Diagnostic Difficulties on the Clinical Example." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 26, 2025): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2025-15-1-76-80.
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Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus, the mortality rate of which reaches 50 %. One of the reasons for the unfavorable outcome is untimely diagnosis, which is often due to insufficient awareness of doctors regarding the features of clinical and laboratory manifestations of this diabetic complication. Hyperosmolar state often develops in older patients with polymorbidity, and neurological symptoms predominate in the clinical picture, which also complicates diagnosis and causes diagnostic errors. The article presents a clinical case of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, the diagnosis of which caused difficulties at all stages, including postmortem pathological examination. Initially, acute cerebrovascular accident was assumed, then the patient’s severe condition was associated with acute myocardial infarction, and based on the results of the pathological examination, a conclusion was made about sepsis and septic shock. Review of the patient’s medical history showed that the most probable diagnosis was hyperosmolar state, which developed as a result of decompensation of diabetes mellitus against the background of the inflammatory process. Severe dehydration of the patient, as the cause of her soporous state, was confirmed by the data of examination and laboratory and instrumental examination: dry skin and mucous membranes, small amount of urine, signs of blood thickening and prerenal acute renal failure. At the same time, the absence of obvious focal neurological disorders, clinically significant changes in the cardiovascular system, fever and hemodynamic disturbances did not allow, in our opinion, to associate the patient’s severe condition with acute cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction or septic shock. Dehydration was complicated by the development of disseminated vascular coagulation syndrome, gastrointestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic shock with a fatal outcome. This clinical case demonstrates that in differential diagnostics of diseases a more reliable approach is the analysis of the clinical picture from the point of view of the pathogenesis of disorders. Analysis of such clinical situations can serve as an aid for doctors in diagnosing hyperosmolar state.
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Tatarnikova, Natalia Aleksandrovna, Oksana Valerievna Novikova, Claudia Aleksandrovna Sidorova, Anna Sergeevna Chirkova, and Vladimir Vasilievich Salautin. "Diagnosis and treatment of urethral obstruction in a cat (clinical case)." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 7 (September 2, 2024): 92–98. https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2024i7pp92-98.
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Urinary tract obstruction in cats retains the status of urgent conditions and is associated with a high risk of complications and mortality, therefore, the study of methods of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for this disease is relevant. To develop optimal methods of treatment and prevention of urethral obstruction in cats, a comprehensive examination of a sick animal is necessary, including: anamnesis collection, clinical examination, laboratory tests of urine and blood, ultrasound diagnostics. Surgical treatment of urethral obstruction is the optimal method for negative results of medical treatment, frequent recurrence. The surgical operation restores the patency of the urinary tract and improves the life quality of the animal. To reduce the risk of urethral obstruction in a cat, it is necessary to provide regular medical examinations (urine analysis; general blood analysis; biochemical blood assay; ultrasound) and optimal nutrition conditions, taking into account age, physiological condition and physical activity.
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Yusuf, Samudra Andi, Hasan Maulahela, Anjar Raraswati, and Maureen Irawati Koesnadi. "Pancreatic Tuberculosis: Current Update on Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic Modalities." Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy 22, no. 3 (January 5, 2022): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24871/2232021217-225.
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Pancreatic tuberculosis is a very rare disease in either immunocompetent or immunocompromised hosts.The incidence of pancreatic tuberculosis was reported to be less than 4.7% in an autopsy series on tuberculosis patients in 1944 and 2% in another autopsy series in 1966.Despite that, in recent times, an increase in the number of reports of pancreatic TB has been noted.This condition is possibly caused by an improvement in diagnostic imaging tools, the development of different techniques that make obtaining specimens from the pancreas possible, and an increase in HIV prevalence worldwide. Therefore, this review article discusses the current update in the clinical manifestations and diagnostic modalities of pancreatic tuberculosis.Pancreatic tuberculosis is a very rare condition with a various range of non-specific clinical presentation and image features overlapping with those seen in pancreatic neoplasia. A combination of diagnostic modalities should be done to establish a diagnosis of pancreatic tuberculosis. Currently, direct histopathological examination is the best way of diagnosing tuberculosis. US/CT/EUS-guided biopsy is the recommended diagnostic technique. Most patients with pancreatic tuberculosis respond well to anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Kowacs, Pedro André, Erasmo Barros da Silva Júnior, Heraldo Laroca dos Santos, Samanta Blattes da Rocha, Cristiane Simão, Murilo Sousa de Meneses, and Walter Oleschko Arruda. "Syncope or epileptic fits? Some examples of diagnostic confounding factors." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 3a (September 2005): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000400008.
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Syncope is a condition often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures. However, the differential diagnosis between both conditions can be quite difficult, even for well-trained physicians. Four cases of epilepsy and/or syncope are reported, to exemplify this situation. Each case is discussed individually, and the confounding factors are analyzed.
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Zian Sari, Marto Sihombing, and Melda Pita Uli Sitompul. "Diagnosa Penyakit Kelamin (Vulvodynia) pada Wanita Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor." Bridge : Jurnal publikasi Sistem Informasi dan Telekomunikasi 2, no. 4 (September 3, 2024): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.62951/bridge.v2i4.215.
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Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition affecting the vulva that significantly impacts women’s quality of life. Accurate and early diagnosis poses a challenge due to the often-overlapping symptoms with other conditions and the lack of definitive diagnostic tests. This paper proposes the use of expert system methods as a diagnostic tool for vulvodynia in women. The expert system, integrating medical knowledge with inference algorithms, is designed to analyze symptoms, medical history, and test results to provide accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations. The study involves the development and evaluation of a computer-based expert system prototype that uses clinical data and medical decision-making to enhance the accuracy of vulvodynia diagnosis. Preliminary results indicate that the expert system can improve diagnostic rates and reduce the time required for identifying this condition, offering a potentially valuable tool for medical professionals in clinical practice.
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Di Stefano, Vincenzo, Marianna Gabriella Rispoli, Noemi Pellegrino, Alessandro Graziosi, Eleonora Rotondo, Christian Napoli, Daniela Pietrobon, Filippo Brighina, and Pasquale Parisi. "Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of hemiplegic migraine." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 7 (May 19, 2020): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-322850.
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Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition with attacks of headache and motor weakness which may be associated with impaired consciousness, cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability. Motor symptoms usually last <72 hours and are associated with visual or sensory manifestations, speech impairment or brainstem aura. HM can occur as a sporadic HM or familiar HM with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Mutations in CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A encoding proteins involved in ion transport are implicated. The pathophysiology of HM is close to the process of typical migraine with aura, but appearing with a lower threshold and more severity. We reviewed epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, differential diagnosis and treatment of HM to offer the best evidence of this rare condition. The differential diagnosis of HM is broad, including other types of migraine and any condition that can cause transitory neurological signs and symptoms. Neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electroencephalography are useful, but the diagnosis is clinical with a genetic confirmation. The management relies on the control of triggering factors and even hospitalisation in case of long-lasting auras. As HM is a rare condition, there are no randomised controlled trials, but the evidence for the treatment comes from small studies.
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Gill, Chandler E., and Katie Kompoliti. "Clinical Features of Tourette Syndrome." Journal of Child Neurology 35, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073819877335.
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Tourette syndrome is a multifaceted disorder characterized by multiple motor and at least one vocal tics that start in childhood, persist for at least 1 year, and cannot be attributed to another medical condition or exposure to medications/drugs. Clinical diagnostic criteria are available, and identification of tics is typically straightforward based on characteristic appearance and features. Diagnostic uncertainty can rarely arise in cases of mild tics, atypical features, certain psychiatric comorbidities, and other non-tic movement disorders. Comorbid psychopathology, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive behaviors/obsessive-compulsive disorder, affects the majority of patients and is correlated with disease severity and the presence of additional psychiatric behaviors. The severity of tics often improves after adolescence, whereas psychiatric symptoms typically persist. The subset of patients in whom tics persist into adulthood experience higher rates of anxiety, and lower self-esteem, socioeconomic status, and quality of life; the relative contribution of motor tics and psychopathology is not fully understood. This article summarizes the clinical features of Tourette syndrome, including major diagnostic criteria, unique features of tics, and key aspects that differentiate tics from common mimics and chameleons. Comorbid psychiatric conditions and their impact on phenotype and quality of life are described. Finally, current understanding of the natural history is summarized, including limited research in adults with Tourette syndrome.
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Vallat, Jean-Michel, Claudia Sommer, and Laurent Magy. "Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for a treatable condition." Lancet Neurology 9, no. 4 (April 2010): 402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70041-7.
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Jeong, Seung-Hwan, and Ja Hyeon Ku. "Clinical guidelines for diagnosis of hematuria." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 66, no. 6 (June 10, 2023): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2023.66.6.343.
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Background: Hematuria is a common condition caused by various factors, including infections, inflammations, stone diseases, and anatomical abnormalities. While hematuria can be mistaken for other conditions, its significance should not be overlooked, as studies have shown that some patients with hematuria are diagnosed with urological cancers.Current Concepts: Experts agree on the need for specific diagnostic tests such as cystoscopy, upper urinary tract imaging, and urine cytology for visible hematuria. However, opinions differ when it comes to microscopic hematuria. Delays in diagnosing bladder cancer can significantly impact mortality rates. Therefore, objective diagnostic criteria, as well as guidelines to reduce excessive evaluations, costs, and side effects, are required. As of 2020, the American Urological Association has released new guidelines for the diagnosis and management of microscopic hematuria, that focus on assessing the risk of urological malignancies in individual patients and recommend tailored evaluations based on risk levels. This article provides an overview of these guidelines, discussing diagnostic criteria, initial evaluations, risk stratification, and recommended evaluations of the urinary tract.Discussion and Conclusion: Guidelines on hematuria aim to reduce unnecessary invasive procedures, provide appropriate follow-up strategies to patients with persistent or recurrent microscopic hematuria, and improve patient outcomes while minimizing unnecessary tests and procedures.
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Pande, Milind, and Sushil Meshram. "EXPLORING MACULAR AMYLOIDOSIS IN PHOTOEXPOSED AREAS: CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL INSIGHTS." Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 09 (September 5, 2023): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/gjmps-abcd10.
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Macular amyloidosis is a dermatological condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins in the skin, particularly in photoexposed areas. This study offers clinical and histological insights into macular amyloidosis, focusing on its presentation, diagnosis, and histopathological features. A comprehensive review of clinical cases and histological specimens was conducted, highlighting common clinical manifestations and characteristic histological findings associated with macular amyloidosis. The study sheds light on the pathogenesis and etiology of the condition, exploring the role of chronic sun exposure and genetic predisposition. Additionally, diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options for macular amyloidosis are discussed, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management approaches.
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Gupta, Saransh, Srishti Gupta, Mukesh Kalra, and Inam Danish Khan. "Isolated intramuscular cysticercosis : a rare condition and a diagnostic challenge." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 16, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i1.31155.
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Cysticercosis is an infection of pork tapeworm, Taenia Solium. It is difficult to diagnose an isolated intramuscular cysticercosis due to vague clinical symptoms. We report a case of 30 year old male presenting with a vague lump on the left shoulder. On imaging it was found out to be a case of isolated intramuscular cysticercosis. The diagnosis was further confirmed on fine needle aspiration and histopathology examination. This case report highlights the importance of considering cysticercosis as a differential to soft tissue swellings apart from being a rare entity.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(1) 2017 p.170-173
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Baral, Gehanath. "Diagnostic Dilemma in Intra-abdominal Cancers." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 63, no. 283 (February 28, 2025): 132–33. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.8919.
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Problem statement: A diagnostic dilemma exists in cancer care, especially in intraabdominal lesions. Despite the diagnostic means available so far, clinical decision-making is practically difficult due to diagnostic limitations. The inherent variation of any means influences decision-making. There is an iceberg-like diagnostic inaccuracy in revealing the specific condition or disease. This clinical decision-making gap is worrisome. Conclusion: Besides technological and bio-molecular advancements, the structured working framework would be protective and persuasive in mitigating dilemmas to some extent.
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Sosin, I., Y. Chuev, G. Misko, and O. Goncharova. "Clinical diagnostic criteria of modern spice addiction." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1776.
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IntroductionPopulations of spice addicts in Ukraine demonstrate distinct tendency for steady spreading, and transitory psychotic episodes, overdosing and fatal cases are being registered in consequence of smoking. “Spice” are synthetic analogues of tetrahydrocannabinol.Aims and objectivesTo develop an average personified clinical portrait of spice addict for more specified therapy.MethodTwelve patients who consumed spices systematically for 1–2 years were observed. Methods of examination: clinical psychopathological, psychological testing, clinical laboratory.ResultsMain spice addiction diagnostic criteria were: Spice smoking, obsessive and uncontrolled anosognosic desire and craving to test on themselves effects of their action, pathognomonic tolerance increase, specific post-intoxication consequences. After the first smoke inspiration heavy intoxication with euphoria and loss of surrounding real perception, sexual disinhibition and craving to repeat smoking manifested after the first smoke inspiration. Then, spice smoking became subjectively pleasant, caused condition of intoxication with increased mood, fussiness, was accompanied with feeling of hunger, thirst, and hoarse voice. In the patients rather quickly (for 2–3 weeks) twice reduced duration of intoxication state from 40 to 20 minutes, loss of situation and quantitative control over smoking was observed. Clinical specifics of addiction for spices smoking is rather quick (from 5 to 10 trials) formation of psychic equivalent of addiction, extremely intensive and emotionally saturated craving for smoking, quick rise of tolerance with loss of situational and quantitative control over smoking.ConclusionsDefinite rules in the development and formation of spice dependence is necessary to be considered while developing programs for therapy and prevention in clinical narcology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Baltabaev, A. M., V. P. Tkachev, and M. K. Baltabaev. "Differential diagnostic criteria of alopecia areata." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 19, no. 6 (December 15, 2016): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9588-2016-19-6-359-364.
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Alopecia areata is a poliethiologic immune mediated condition, associated with lesion of the hair follicles, leading to disruption of growing cycle and subsequent hair loss. Taking into account the different age of patients and repeated recurrence despite of the therapy, as well as changes in the appearance of the individual affecting psychosocial status, patchy hair loss refers to the category of socially important disorders. The introduction of computer technologies facilitated diagnostic approaches through developing of specific criteria for the diagnosis of alopecia areata, which improved its differentiation with similar dermatological conditions. This publication intended to review and analyze of clinical cases of several dermatological disorders which remind clinics of different forms of alopecia areata. The importance of trichoscopy was shown to provide differential diagnosis in various hair-loss conditions to evaluate morphometric hair and skin characteristics.
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Emami, A., S. A. Yeganeh, H. A. Mohammadi, and T. Shahbazi. "Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Similar Condition." Успехи современной биологии 143, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0042132423030055.
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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) can occur in kids, who have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinically, characteristics of MIS-C are manifested by two or more involved organ systems, fever, severe illness, laboratory-evidenced inflammation, and laboratory or epidemiologically e-videnced infection with SARS-CoV-2. MIS-C has several traits with Kawasaki illness, subsequent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. The association between MIS-C and infection with SARS-CoV-2 shows the cause of post-infectious immunological dysregulation. Given the likelihood of rapid clinical deterioration, it is recommended to handle MIS-C patients in a pediatric critical care unit. Depending on the clinical presentation, a certain immunomodulatory therapy is advised. More research is needed to determine the connection between MIS-C and the immunological reaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are currently being developed. Numerous therapeutic methods have been developed for the treatment of COVID-19-associated MIS in children (MIS-C), the full elucidation of its etiology requires further studies. Here, we carefully review and summarize the previously released management guidance.
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Kolasińska, Weronika, and Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy. "Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker of infections and inflammation." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 54, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7712.
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Infections are quite common, especially in long-term hospitalized patients. Eearly differential diagnosis of severe bacterial and viral infections in patients in severe or critical condition is particularly important. Procalcitonin is a good and, above all, early marker of sepsis and generalized inflammatory states. 85% sensitivity and 91% specificity of this study were shown in the differentiation patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome noninfectious and sepsis defined as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by infection. The usage of procalcitonin assays in clinical algorithms may accelerate the diagnosis of infectious conditions, reduce the abuse of antibiotics and optimize therapy with these drugs. Therefore, the determination of procalcitonin concentration is increasingly used in clinical practice.
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Povzun, Andrey A., Lyudmila M. Shchugareva, Alexander S. Iova, Marina K. Kruchina, and Maria A. Shulgina. "Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the neurological status of children with mild brain injury in acute phase." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 5, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors5337-42.
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Background. The intracranial changes in children with mild traumatic brain injury in acute period are identified by a combination of clinical-neurological and ultrasonographic evaluations of the condition severity.
Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of performing comprehensive clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations in for determining the severity of the neurological condition of children with mild traumatic brain injury in an acute phase.
Materials and Methods. Clinical and ultrasonographic assessment of the severity of the neurological condition was performed on 256 patients with clinical criteria suggesting mild traumatic brain injury. Ultrasonography was used as the main neuroimaging.
Results. We found that the diagnostic sensitivity of clinical and ultrasonographic examination for detecting traumatic structural intracranial changes in children with mild traumatic brain injury was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.98), diagnostic specificity was 97% (95% CI 0.96–0.98), and diagnostic efficiency was 94.9% (95% CI 0.918–0.971).
Conclusions. A comprehensive clinical ultrasonographic approach can be effectively used to assess the severity of the neurological condition of children with mild traumatic brain injury in the acute phase.
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Sergeeva, I. V., and Sh Kh Rakhimi. "Diagnostic errors in botulism." Russian Medical Inquiry 6, no. 11 (2022): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-11-667-670.
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Botulism is a rare but serious condition characterized by long hospitalization and high lethality and therefore is considered an important problem of modern infectiology. Multiple diagnostic errors frequently occur in botulism, though the disease has highly distinctive clinical signs.The authors reviewed 27 patient medical records from 1992–2006: 15 records of the patients hospitalized with different preliminary diagnoses and later established diagnosis "botulism" and 12 records of the patients with initially diagnosed botulism which was not confirmed. The article highlights epidemiological and clinical criteria of botulism. While generating a differential diagnosis, it is necessary to recognize that botulism has different clinical manifestations, and that the disease severity may vary from mild to serious. Preventive measures for botulism play an important role and are aimed at enhancing the public awareness of the storage and consumption of mushroom, fish, and meat cans and products. KEYWORDS: botulism, botulinum toxin, Clostridium botulinum, early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, diagnostic errors. FOR CITATION: Sergeeva I.V., Rakhimi Sh.Kh. Diagnostic errors in botulism. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(11):667–670 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-11-667-670.