Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Clinical Defence'
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1
Ashworth, B. "A defence of clinical judgment." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635803.
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Clinical consultation begins when a patient seeks help from a doctor. The doctor is called upon to advise and this advice is based on judgments in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The logic of diagnosis is discussed and the importance of probability emphasised. Theories of knowledge, interpretation, and the use of models are reviewed. Judgment analysis is noted as a developing area and mistakes in clinical practice are discussed. Mention of treatment includes orthodox therapy, complementary methods, and factors contributing to quality of life. Prognosis is considered in relation to some common conditions and the impact of chaos theory. Clinical judgment is concerned with prudence and knowledge sufficient for action. The ability to make an appropriate judgment from imperfect materials is of crucial importance in medical consultation. It requires a capacity to take account of all relevant factors bearing on the case and apportioning due weight to each. Good clinical judgment is closely linked to wisdom. This thesis considers the meaning of normal in the setting of health, examines the relationship between traditional medical practice, models and computer methods, and assesses whether the capacity for clinical judgment can be improved by teaching and experience. It explores the new methods and the extent to which they can supplement or replace established practices. It is concluded that clinical judgment based on extensive knowledge and appreciation of the circumstances of the individual is a continuing need which cannot be replaced by an artificial system.
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Alobaidi, H. M. M. "Host defence mechanism in CAPD : a laboratory and clinical investigation." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356679.
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Africa, Adelene R. "An analysis of psychological and legal conceptions of the defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13901.
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Bibliography: leaves 59-62.The defence of non-pathological capacity presents challenges for both law and psychology because it acknowledges that psychological factors other than mental illness, are grounds for complete exculpation. In this sense, South African law differs from its Anglo-American counterparts as it recognises that non-pathological factors playa role in negating criminal responsibility. Legal and mental health professionals are instrumental in the application of the defence, but both case law and literature reflect differences in the way in which the defence is understood and applied. Disagreement within and between disciplines adds to the controversial nature of the defence. This study examines the interpretation and practical application of the defence by mental health professionals and lawyers. It explores how participants' understanding of the defence informs its application in practice. A sample of ten participants including mental health professionals (comprising psychologists and psychiatrists) and lawyers (comprising advocates) was chosen, in order that a comparison be drawn between the two groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted so as to enable in-depth exploration of issues regarding conceptions of criminal responsibility, the role of expert testimony and the conceptual understanding and application of the defence.
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Ntshota, Ntsikelelo. "Challenges facing married couples in the deploying units of South African National Defence Force." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6942.
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Bibliography: leaves 65-69.Military families are often forced to adjust to changes imposed by military demands. These demands often deprive the soldier of the opportunity of attending to 'personal and family relationships and responsibilities. Military demands often require the soldier to be away from their families. Deployment is one of the major factors that require changes in the family functioning. The changes brought by deployment often cause stress to the family members.1he impact of stress experienced is often determined by the family's preparedness for separation and/or the life cycle of that particular family as it is believed that young couples and families with young children are more vulnerable to deployment stress. Prolonged and enforced military separations have a profound impact on military families. Military families, unlike civilian families, often share the same characteristics as they are often exposed to the same vulnerabilities. Characteristics of the life style of military families include risk of injury or death of the soldier in the course of his/her duty and periodic separation of the soldier from the rest of his family. Many studies revealed that military families are vulnerable to stress as a result of military demands. This resulted to number of programmes designed to help military families cope better with the stress. Social work officers in the military units ate behind the implementation of these programmes. Deployment resilience seminars are one of these programmes designed to help the soldier and his family to survive during the deployment period. This study, amongst other objectives, evaluates the effectiveness of those programmes rendered to soldiers and their families. The study revealed that military families are exposed to a great deal of stress as a result of military demands. The impact of separation due to deployment has a direct effect on children, mothers and fathers. Although there was no interviews done with children the information obtained from the parents showed that children are also the hardest hit in the process. It has been proved,for example by Rosenfeld et al (1973) that the absence of father in the child is often detrimental to the child's development. There were many similarities between wives and husbands experiences to challenges of separation due to deployments. These include the loneliness, boredom, sexual frustration, separation etc. However it was interesting to find that the couples also acknowledged the benefits of separation due to deployment.
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Idh, Jonna. "The Role of Nitric Oxide in Host Defence Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis : Clinical and Experimental Studies." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk mikrobiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-77145.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low-income countries. Considering aggravating factors, such as HIV co-infection and emerging drug resistance, new therapeutic interventions are urgently needed. Following exposure to M. tuberculosis, surprisingly few individuals will actually develop active disease, indicating effective defence mechanisms. One such candidate is nitric oxide (NO). The role of NO in human TB is not fully elucidated, but has been shown to have a vital role in controlling TB in animal models. The general aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of NO in the immune defence against M. tuberculosis, by combining clinical and experimental studies. In pulmonary TB patients, we found low levels of NO in exhaled air, and low levels of NO metabolites in urine. HIV coinfection decreased levels of exhaled NO even further, reflecting a locally impaired NO production in the lung. Low levels of exhaled NO were associated with a decreased cure rate in HIV-positive TB patients. Household contacts to sputum smear positive TB patient presented the highest levels of both urinary NO metabolites and exhaled NO. Malnutrition, a common condition in TB, may lead to deficiencies of important nutrients such as the amino acid L-arginine, essential for NO production. We therefore assessed the effect of an argininerich food supplement (peanuts) in a clinical trial including pulmonary TB patients, and found that peanut supplementation increased cure rate in HIV-positive TB patients. We also investigated NO susceptibility of clinical strains of M. tuberculosis, and its association to clinical outcome and antibiotic resistance. Patients infected with strains of M. tuberculosis with reduced susceptibility to NO in vitro, showed a tendency towards lower rate of weight gain during treatment. Moreover, there was a clear variability between strains in the susceptibility to NO, and in intracellular survival within NO-producing macrophages. A novel finding, that can be of importance in understanding drug resistance and for drug development, was that reduced susceptibility to NO was associated with resistance to firstline TB drugs, in particular isoniazid and mutations in inhA. Taken together, the data presented here show that NO plays a vital role in human immune defence against TB, and although larger multicentre studies are warranted, arginine-rich food supplementation can be recommended to malnourished HIV co-infected patients on TB treatment.
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Holm, Steen Strange. "Studier over referencemetoder til måling af stofskiftehormoner /." Holbæk ; Kbh. : Klinisk biokemisk afdeling, Holbæk Sygehus, Sygehus Vestsjælland : Institut for Analytisk Kemi, Danmarks Farmaceutiske Universitet, 2004. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/SteenStrangeHolm.htm.
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Hald, Rikke. "Generation and characterisation of a naive human antibody phage display library : a resource for clinically relevant reagents /." Cph. : Department of Pharmacology, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2004. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/rikkehald.htm.
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Cai, Sophie. "Clinical Correlates of Computationally Derived Visual Field Defect Archetypes in Patients From a Glaucoma Clinic." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17295912.
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Purpose: Glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring would benefit from a quantitative visual field (VF) classification system like VF archetypal analysis, where Elze et al. showed that any VF can be represented as a weighted sum of 17 archetype (AT) patterns. We assessed the clinical construct validity of this system by testing for clinical correlates of VF ATs.
Methods: From 30,995 reliable Humphrey VFs (24-2), 243 patients were retrospectively selected, comprising the 10 to 20 patients whose VFs had the highest decomposition coefficients for each AT. Corresponding patient systemic and ocular characteristics were obtained and compared between each AT and all others using the two-tailed t-test or Fisher exact test.
Results: Mean deviation and pattern standard deviation varied with VF loss severity and focality respectively. Cup-to-disc ratio was more often ≥0.7 for AT6 (central island; P=0.002), AT14 (superior paracentral defect; P=0.016), and AT16 (inferior paracentral defect; P=0.016). Other associations included: AT6 (central island): African ancestry (P<0.001) and younger age (P<0.0001); AT13 (diffuse inferior defect): African ancestry (P=0.006) and chronic angle closure glaucoma (P=0.005); and AT16 (inferior paracentral defect): female sex (P=0.017).
Conclusions: Several expected clinical associations support computationally derived VF ATs’ clinical construct validity. New associations identified by exploratory analysis may merit further investigation.
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Schuh, Sr Matthew Anderson. "The Epistemic Necessity and Ethical Permissibility of Randomized Clinical Trials: A Minimalist Defense." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/167.
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I argue for two main theses that are at odds with the positions of many clinical researchers and philosophers who write on the ethics of clinical research. The first is that certain types of clinical trials, namely, randomized clinical trials with double or triple blinding and a placebo group are generally necessary to establish that a medical intervention is effective in treating a certain type of disease or disorder. The second main thesis is that such trials are generally not ethically impermissible. My minimalist defense of clinical trials differs from most defenses of clinical trials found in the literature. I feel that the ethical permissibility of clinical trials can be judged by answering yes to the following questions: 1) Is the potential experimental subject competent to exercise his autonomy and his right of self determination in order to enroll in the clinical trial? 2) Is the potential experimental subject informed about the nature of risk and benefit involved in his participation in the clinical trial? 3) Is the trial scientifically/ epistemically valid? 4) Will the trial attempt to answer a scientific question or questions of value? I argue that competent persons have the right to enroll in scientifically valid clinical trials so long as they are informed and consent to participate.
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Janger, Darren S. "The Collective Overuse of Antidepressants as a Psychological Defense Inhibiting Soul Opportunities." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750296.
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It is not the existence of depressive symptomology, but understanding the function and effect that should be central in how to best support patients. Even in cases of milder depression, phase-of-life issues, or adjustment-related depressive episodes, the myth of a magical pill, here an antidepressant, appeals to the human desire for cessation of whatever unpleasantness may be arising. As a collective, clinicians may be placating clients’ psychological defenses and natural desire to suppress or dissociate at the expense of allowing a soulful opportunity to work through and resolve challenges. Utilizing a primarily hermeneutic approach, the author contemplates various studies supporting psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, and combined therapies. Ultimately, the case is made for decision-making processes that place higher value on the greater context of potential soul opportunities for resolution and healing as well as individuation and growth.
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Kramer, Greg M. Heilbrun Kirk. "Plea bargaining recommendations by criminal defense attorneys : legal, psychological, and substance abuse rehabilitative influences /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/734.
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Bäckman, Birgitta. "Amelogenesis imperfecta : an epidemiologic, genetic, morphologic and clinical study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedodonti, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100589.
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Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetically determined enamel defect characterized by genetic and clinical heterogeneity . The prevalence and incidence of AI were established in the county of Västerbotten, northern Sweden, in 3-19-yr-olds born 1963-79, as were the mode of inheritance and clinical manifestation of AI. The distribution of the inorganic component in the enamel of AI teeth was studied as well as the surface morphology and other morphological details, and the findings were correlated to genetic and clinical data. AI was diagnosed in 79 children and adolescents (index cases). The prevalence in the study population was 1.4: 1 000. The mean yearly incidence 1963-79 was 1.3:1 000. The inheritance patterns for AI were established in 78 index cases from 51 families. Pedigree and segregation analyses suggested autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance in 3 3 families, autosomal recessive (AR) in six families, and X- linked recessive in two families; in ten families only sporadic cases were found. In one of the families with an AD inheritance pattern, X-linked dominant was a possible alternative. Examination of the families of the 78 index cases revealed 107 new cases of AI. The hypoplastic form was seen in 72% of all diagnosed cases and the hypomineralization form in 28% of the cases. A further classification of the clinical manifestations led to the identification of eight clinical variants. In 3 3 of the 51 families the same clinical variant was found in all affected members. In eight families affected members were assigned to different clinical variants. In three families with an X-linked inheritance pattern for AI, the clinical manifestation differed between women and men due to lyo- nization. Among the remaining five families, with an AD inheritance pattern for AI, variants clinically characterized by hypoplasia as well as variants characterized by hypomineralization were found in three families; in the other two families the clinical manifestation varied within the same main form of AI, i.e. hypoplasia or hypomineralization. Hypoplasia as well as hypomineralization were observed microradiographically in the enamel of most of the examined teeth. These findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both clinically and microradiographically as well as by SEM, similar variants of AI were found as AD and AR traits and/or among the sporadic cases. In the families with AI as an X-linked trait the genetic hypothesis was confirmed by the clinical, microradiographic and scanning electron microscopic findings.S. 1-46: sammanfattning, s. 47-134: 5 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
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Votruba, Marcela. "A clinical and molecular genetic study of dominant optic atrophy mapping to chromosome 3Q28-qter." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313485.
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Bennett, David M. "Effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines for treating asthma in the Department of Defense: A comparison of clinical and economic outcomes between the Army, Air Force, and Navy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280138.
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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the strategy of the military health service (MHS) to improve asthma outcomes through the use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Outcomes were evaluated at the patient level and included inpatient/outpatient visits, prescriptions dispensed, number of exacerbations, number of beddays and direct cost of therapy. In addition, provider compliance to CPG recommendations was evaluated by measuring the proportion of subjects dispensed long-acting controller medications. A nonrandomized control-group before-after design with retrospective matched-pair DoD data was used for this research. The intervention used in this research was the formal asthma CPG-use process implemented by the Army in September of 2000. Compared to baseline measures, all outcomes improved significantly (p < 0.05) in the after period for both the subjects exposed, and not exposed, to the CPG-use process. Other than the improvement noted in the number of asthma exacerbations, which was greater in the exposed group than the non-exposed group (p < 0.001), there was no other difference between groups in the amount that outcomes improved. The proportion of subjects prescribed long-term controller medications increased significantly for subjects exposed to the CPG-use process (0.30 to 0.66, p < 0.001), and for those not exposed to the CPG-use process (0.30 to 0.66, p < 0.001). Although the findings of this research suggested that a formal CPG-use process to standardize asthma therapy was associated with decreased costs, this was not supported by results regarding the clinical outcomes. To further evaluate the effect of asthma CPGs on economic and clinical outcomes, additional research is needed.
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Williams, Lynley. "Turning against the self a literature review with clinical illustrations : dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, January 2005 /." Abstract Full dissertation, 2005.
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Patrick, Rachel Lynn. "Defense Mechanisms and Social Anxiety as Risk Factors for College Alcohol Abuse and Binge Drinking." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1114092616.
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Mathews, Stevie. "DIAGNOSING ANENCEPHALY IN ARCHAEOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NINE CLINICAL SPECIMENS FROM THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NATION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2888.
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The inclusion of human fetal skeletons in the archaeological record can reveal much about past cultures' perception of life and death. The preservation of fetal remains in the archaeological record is a rarity, and the discovery of pathological skeletons is even rarer. A fetal skeleton from a Roman period cemetery (c. 31BC - 303AD) in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, displays what are thought to be classic skeletal indicators of the neural tube defect, anencephaly. The published literature concerning the skeletal diagnosis of anencephaly is scant so in order to diagnose this individual it is pertinent to create a diagnostic standard. The purpose of this thesis is twofold – first to create a quantitative standard from which researchers can determine the presence of anencephaly in the archaeological record, thus ruling out trauma or taphonomic processes as reasons for missing cranial elements. The second objective of this research is to conduct a qualitative comparison in order to diagnose the individual from the Dakhleh Oasis. A comparative analysis of nine documented anencephalic skeletal remains housed at the Smithsonian Institute was conducted to create a diagnostic standard for the skeletal characteristics of anencephaly. The comparative analysis of the Dakhleh specimen supports the diagnosis of anencephaly.M.A.
Department of Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology MA
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Silva, Joselene Monteiro. "A noÃÃo de defesa e suas implicaÃÃes na clÃnica pÃs-freudiana." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12828.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorDesde a Ãpoca de Freud, o tema das implicaÃÃes clÃnicas dos processos defensivos vem sendo estudado por diversos psicanalistas. A proposta desta pesquisa foi a de avaliar as mudanÃas na tÃcnica psicanalÃtica empreendidas por analistas contemporÃneos a Freud e posteriores a ele, na tentativa de contornar as limitaÃÃes ao tratamento relativas aos mecanismos defensivos. Na impossibilidade de abordar todos os psicanalistas de um e de outro perÃodo, centramos nossa pesquisa na anÃlise da questÃo na obra de trÃs deles: SÃndor Ferenczi, Melanie Klein e Jacques Lacan. A escolha destes como fontes de nossa investigaÃÃo se deveu ao fato de terem promovido sobre o tema importantes contribuiÃÃes que repercutem no campo psicanalÃtico atà hoje. Em tais autores foram verificadas tanto as mudanÃas na tÃcnica quanto o embasamento teÃrico e experiÃncia clÃnica que motivaram tais modificaÃÃes. Do ponto de vista metodolÃgico, partimos da anÃlise, mediante revisÃo bibliogrÃfica, da obra de Freud para avaliar qual sua postura em relaÃÃo à defesa e suas implicaÃÃes tÃcnicas, para buscar o desenvolvimento dessa noÃÃo. O mesmo fizemos quanto aos outros psicanalistas pesquisados, sendo que, quanto a Ferenczi, exploramos a noÃÃo de defesa, focando especificamente no recalque. Os textos desse autor foram abordados de forma cronolÃgica tanto para esclarecer o curso de evoluÃÃo do seu pensamento, como tambÃm para permitir o diÃlogo com textos freudianos do mesmo perÃodo. Ferenczi propÃs diversas mudanÃas tÃcnicas, com destaque para a tÃcnica ativa e a neocatarse, e demonstramos a relaÃÃo de suas propostas clÃnicas com sua forma de compreender o recalcamento. Depois disso, foi dedicado um capÃtulo Ãs propostas kleinianas, no qual foram estudadas as posiÃÃes esquizo-paranÃide e depressiva, atentando para os mecanismos defensivos especÃficos de cada uma. A compreensÃo de Klein acerca do luto e da inveja e sua relaÃÃo com as defesas tambÃm foi importante para nossa pesquisa, alÃm das propostas tÃcnicas da autora. Por fim, servimo-nos das reflexÃes de Lacan acerca dos pÃs-freudianos para criticar as posturas adotadas por Ferenczi e Klein no contexto analÃtico. Tomamos ainda a afirmaÃÃo lacaniana de que o desejo à uma defesa contra o gozo para explorar brevemente o lugar da noÃÃo de defesa no ensino desse autor. Ao final dessa trajetÃria de pesquisa concluÃmos que as mudanÃas na tÃcnica podem mostrar-se infrutÃferas se negligenciarem noÃÃes e conceitos fundamentais da psicanÃlise. Pensar os mecanismos defensivos como algo a ser eliminado pelo trabalho analÃtico, como Ferenczi propunha sobre o recalque, ou reduzido e controlado para conduzir a uma relaÃÃo harmÃnica com o objeto, como Klein propÃs, inevitavelmente se distancia da posiÃÃo freudiana. A defesa tem seu lugar como mecanismo essencial para a constituiÃÃo do psiquismo assegurado por Freud, que nÃo conduziu sua tÃcnica direcionada a ela, mas ao desvendamento do inconsciente. Lacan, com a crÃtica dos pÃs-freudianos e o retorno a Freud, esclarece as consequÃncias de tais mudanÃas tÃcnicas para o processo analÃtico: uma desvalorizaÃÃo da fala, o excesso de agressividade na relaÃÃo transferencial e a localizaÃÃo do polo do saber do lado do analista.
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Elmore, Scott K. "The insanity defense| Public opinion and the public's tendency to implicate mental illness in high-profile crimes." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614955.
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Media accounts have influenced public opinion about the insanity defense and have given rise to misperceptions about its purpose and rate of usage. This study hypothesizes that the public is more likely to implicate mental illness in irrational crimes and that the more media exposure given to the case, the more likely the public is to implicate mental illness. This study also seeks to establish current public opinion of the utility and prevalence of the insanity defense. The results of this research do not conclusively indicate that amount of media attention can be used to predict the public's tendency to implicate mental illness as a motive for crime, thus, hypothesis one was only partially supported. Meanwhile, hypothesis two, participants will be more likely to implicate mental illness in crime that they perceive to be irrational was not supported by this study. The third hypothesis, participants will be more likely to give a verdict of NGRI if they implicated mental illness as the motive for the crime, was only partially supported by this study. With the ever-growing media attention devoted to implicating mental illness in high-profile crimes, results from this study suggest that the public does not correlate the amount of media attention dedicated to high-profile cases with mental illness.
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Bodnar, О. В. "Clinical outcomes of large soft tissue defect repair by fasciocutaneous flaps with perforator vessels in children." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17663.
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Johnson, Colin Wolcott. "Comparative Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance to Host Defense Peptides in Daptomycin-Susceptible and Non-Susceptible Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1303.
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Host defense peptides (HDPs) provide innate immune defense against invasive S. aureus infection. Recent studies suggest potential cross-resistance between HDPs and the lipopeptide antibiotic, daptomycin (DAP). Isolates that exhibit DAP non-susceptible phenotypes may have virulence advantages and pose challenges to effective treatment. The current studies were performed to compare the efficacies and mechanisms of action of native and engineered HDPs vs. clinical S. aureus strain pairs which differed in susceptibility to daptomycin in vitro. Ultrasensitive radial diffusion and multi-colored flow cytometry were employed to analyze distinctive susceptibilities and mechanisms of resistance, respectively. Overall efficacies were greater vs. DAP-susceptible (DSSA) vs. DAP non-susceptible (DNSA) S. aureus isolates for some but not all HDPs. Efficacy profiles of certain HDPs were influenced by pH, regardless of whether the particular isolate was DSSA or DNSA phenotype. Mechanistically, DSSA and DNSA isolates differed in responses to specific HDPs regarding cell energetics, membrane permeability, cytoplasm membrane turnover, and cell death protease induction. DSSA and DNSA strain pairs exhibited non-identical mechanisms of resistance to HDPs. At pH 7.5, as expected, HDPs hNP-1 and RP-1 exerted significantly greater efficacy on susceptible control strain ISP479C vs. its resistant counterpart ISP479R. These data suggest different mechanisms of HDP resistance are active in differing DNSA strains. These preliminary results are under further investigation, as are the genetic determinant(s) that may emerge during infection. If substantiated, these findings would imply multiple modes of survival of S. aureus in the face of DAP or HDPs.
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Subramanian, Senthil Kumar [Verfasser], Jonathan [Akademischer Betreuer] Howard, and Mirka [Akademischer Betreuer] Uhlirova. "Differential Influence of Clinical Mycobacterium avium Strains on Distinct Autonomous Defense Capacities of Human Neutrophils / Senthil Kumar Subramanian. Gutachter: Jonathan Howard ; Mirka Uhlirova." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053762496/34.
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Omar, Mohamed Aslam. "An evaluation of the clinical and economic outcomes associated with switching hyperlipidemic patients to preferred statin therapy in the United States Department of Defense." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3040633.
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Osei-Boadi, Kate. ""An aliphatic essential amino acid influences the expression of host defense peptides in colonic epithelial cells: in vitro findings and potential clinical implications in Crohn's disease"." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17629.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Human Nutrition
Tonatiuh Melgarejo
Background and Objective: Crohn’s disease (CD) patients express low levels of host defense peptides (HDPs) especially β-defensins, which may compromise intestinal barrier function. Antibiotic treatment for bacterial infections in CD is limited and rarely curative, making it necessary to find alternative therapeutic approaches. We therefore investigated to what extent an essential amino acid; L-isoleucine (L-ILE) might induce the expression of human β-defensins (HBDs) in colonic epithelial cells as an alternative approach to help patients with CD. Antimicrobial activity of HBD2 was also assessed against four bacterial isolates which can cause secondary infections in CD. Methods: HTB-37 Caco-2 cells were stimulated with L-ILE at a concentration of 0 - 500µg/ml for 6 hours. Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy Micro Kit (QIAGEN). Reverse transcription was carried out with Superscript ®III First-Strand Synthesis System. The cDNA was amplified using specific primers for HBD1-3. Antimicrobial activity of HBD2 was determined using the broth dilution assay. Results: HBD1 was constitutively expressed under all conditions. HBD2 was expressed in HTB-37 cells after stimulation with L-ILE. Below 25µg/ml L- ILE stimulation, no expression of HBD2 was observed. HBD2 exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacterial isolates tested, with a MIC of 32, 64 and 128 µg/ml for both strains of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively. Conclusions: Our results indicate that L-ILE stimulation of HTB-37 Caco-2 cells can induce HBD2 expression. Data collected from our in vitro studies might have major implications for modifying the intestinal microbiota towards a healthier state in CD patients. Promoting the expression of HBD2 by colonic cells may lead to a lower rate of infection in these patients. Future in vivo studies are warranted to determine the potential clinical use of intra colonic administration of L-ILE in CD patients. The observed antimicrobial activity of HBD2 against bacterial isolates provides evidence that it is a crucial component of mucosal epithelial defense against infections which can complicate disease symptoms in CD.
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Howard, Jennifer Sebert. "CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT FOLLOWING AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE IMPLANTATION TO THE KNEE: THE ROLE OF PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES, PERFORMANCE BASED ASSESSMENT, AND RESPONSE SHIFT." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/1.
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Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a cell based therapy for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Numerous studies have reported outcomes following ACI using a variety of patient reported outcomes (PROs), but no clear recommendations exist regarding which PRO is the most responsive to changes following ACI. Few studies have documented changes in performance based assessments (PBAs) following ACI. Response shift theory proposes that residual changes in self-report measures occur over time. Failing to account for response shift may result in over or under reporting of outcomes from which clinical decisions are made. The purposes of this dissertation were 1) review the literature concerning ACI outcomes to determine the responsiveness of PROs to changes in self-reported function following ACI, 2) evaluate the reliability of PBAs among ACI patients, 3) develop a descriptive timeline for the return of function 1 year following ACI using both PROs and PBAs, and 4) utilize PROs and PBAs to evaluate patients undergoing ACI for evidence of response shift.
All PRO and PBA measures were collected preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. A retrospective then-test PRO evaluation of function prior to surgery was completed at 6 and 12 months. Response shift was calculated by subtracting the original pre-test score from the then-test score.
A systematic review and meta-analyses of existing ACI outcome studies resulted in the recommendation of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC) and Lysholm Knee Scale as highly responsive PROs among ACI patients of varying activity levels. Despite significant increases in PRO scores as early as 6 months following ACI, improvement in PBAs at 12 months following ACI were limited to stride length, walking speed, and step-up force. Finally, no evidence of a group level effect for response shift was observed. These results support the validity of traditional pre-test/post-test research designs with no need to account for response shift when evaluating treatment effects of ACI on the group level. However, the Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) did show evidence of a measurable response shift on a patient by patient basis.
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Kanani, Mazyar. "Clinico-morphologic integration in the surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445619/.
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Atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction has been successfully managed surgically for 50 years now. In this time, operative mortality has fallen from 60% to some 2-3% in the modern era. Despite this, almost 10% of these patients develop significant regurgitation of the left atrioventricular valve requiring re operation within ten years. This figure has not changed in this time. So although patients are surviving more than ever, their ultimate outlook, and potential quality of life has not changed despite major advances in other areas. In this thesis, I have gone back to first morphologic principles and examined why long-term valve failure has remained disconcertingly stagnant. The detailed morphology of the trifoliate left atrioventricular valve in atrioventricular septal defects was compared it to its bicuspid normal counterpart, the mitral valve. This latter structure is the "Gold Standard" that the surgically repaired valve should aspire to, with pliable leaflets that are supported with a well-organized subvalvar tension apparatus. Even after bicuspidization of the trifoliate valve in atrioventricular septal defects, this morphologic standard set by the mitral valve is never achieved. One reason for this lies in the so-called Zone of Apposition of the left atrioventricular valve, the area between the left side of the bridging leaflets in the trifoliate valve has both been described as a "cleft" or else a "commissure". This study demonstrates that, morphologically, it is neither, and closure of this Zone in order to bicuspidize the valve does not restore mitral anatomy. Furthermore, this Zone is highly variable in its morphology, and has poor subvalvar support compared to the mitral arrangement. Finally, the results of repair of atrioventricular septal defects at Great Ormond Street Hospital in the least 10 years were analysed, emphasising the notion that in this modem era, when surgical mortality has been overcome, we should integrate morphologic understanding wih surgical practice in order to overcome the last hurdle of the defect, and in doing so, secure the long-term quality of life.
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Miller, Renee Catherine. "Reflections of the Insanity Defense in German Literature: Enlightenment to Expressionism." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1398896485.
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Mabuza, Poppy Lydia. "The impact of HIV serodiscordancy on married couples attending the infectious diseases clinic at 1 Military Hospital." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27273.
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HIV/AIDS is severely affecting the armed forces in South Africa. Combating HIV/AIDS demands a high level of commitment from the Ministry of Defence and all the Divisions and Services at all levels in the Department of Defence. Prevention practice for HIV/ AIDS is a challenged because the nature and full extent of the impact on the forces, and in particular on serodiscordant couples, are not known. This research study explored the experiences of serodiscordant couples regarding the impact of serodiscordancy on their marriages. The Infectious Disease Clinic engages serodiscordant couples as active participants in dealing with their HIV status. The researcher explored the impact of HIV serodiscordancy on married couples attending the Infectious Disease Clinic at 1 Military Hospital with the intended outcome of informing intervention and prevention strategies and programmes for serodiscordant couples. The study utilised a qualitative research approach and the research design was an instrumental case study. The population for the study was all the married serodiscordant couples in the Infectious Disease Clinic at 1 Military Hospital. The sample consisted of 20 serodiscordant couples attending the Infectious Disease Clinic for at least the past two years. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The study concluded that empowerment programmes on HIV/AIDS should include knowledge of, as well as coping skills and guidance for couples dealing with serodiscordancy, including disclosure and discrimination; marital and parenting roles; health management, building of trust; facilitating open and positive communication; and financial management. Based on the conclusions of the study, the main recommendation is that prevention strategies and empowerment programmes for serodiscordant couples should be based on a holistic, well-integrated intervention plan which contextualises strategies and programmes for prevention, treatment, counselling, empowerment and continuous support of the employee, their spouse and their family, including home visits, as required by the serodiscordant couple. Furthermore, it should clearly conceptualise the role of each team member at both the Infectious Disease Clinic and the relevant units of the SANDF, in particular the role of the social worker.Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted
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Robertson, William Brett. "Functional and radiological evaluation of autologous chondrocyte implantation using a type I/III collagen membrane: from single defect treatment to early osteoarthritis." University of Western Australia. Orthopaedics Unit, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0172.
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[Truncated abstract] Hyaline articular cartilage is a highly specialised tissue consisting of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix of proteoglycan and collagens. Hyaline articular cartilage withstands high levels of mechanical stress and continuously renews its extracellular matrix. Despite this durability, mature articular cartilage is vulnerable to injury and disease processes that cause irreparable tissue damage. Native hyaline articular cartilage has poor regenerative capacity following injury, largely due to the tissue's lack of blood and lymphatic supply, as well as the inability of native chondrocytes to migrate through the dense extracellular matrix into the defect site. Articular cartilage injuries that fail to penetrate the subchondral bone plate evoke only a short-lived metabolic and enzymatic response, which fails to provide sufficient new cells or matrix to repair even minimal damage. Clinically, it has previously been accepted that treatment of such defects does not result in the restoration of normal hyaline articular cartilage, which is able to withstand the mechanical demands that are placed on the joint during every day activities of daily living. ... Historically, rehabilitation following ACI has not kept pace with the advances in cell culture and surgical technique. Subsequently, there exists a significant gap in knowledge regarding `best practice' in post operative rehabilitation following ACI. The importance of structured rehabilitation in ACI should not be underestimated when evaluating the clinical success of this chondral treatment. Patients should not be left to their own devices following ACI surgery, as the risk of damage to their implant (via delamination) is high if immediate postoperative movement is not controlled. Furthermore, the biological longevity and clinical success of the graft is dependent on a controlled and graduated return to ambulation and physical activity, and the biomechanical stimulation of the implanted chondrocytes.
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Patel, Sonali Subhashchandra. "Non-Syndromic atrioventricular septal defects: a refined definition, associated risk factors, and prognostic factors for left atrioventricular valve replacement following primary repair." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/871.
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Congenital heart defects (CHDs) constitute a major proportion of clinically significant birth defects and are an important component of pediatric cardiovascular disease. Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) include a range of anomalies characterized by atrial, ventricular, and atrioventricular (AV) valve defects. AVSDs commonly occur in the presence of a syndrome, most frequently Down syndrome; they also occur in isolation and are referred to as non-syndromic AVSDs (NSAVSDs). These studies were performed to evaluate for presence of an intermediate phenotype in parents and siblings of a child with a NSAVSD, risk factors associated with NSAVSDs, and prognostic risk factors for left AV valve replacement following primary repair of an AVSD.
It was shown that the mean body surface area-standardized AV septal length (AVSL) was significantly shorter in the NSAVSD parents and siblings than in parents and siblings of syndromic AVSD case and control children. Using age- and gender-adjusted body surface area-standardized AVSL, it was determined that there was evidence for two component distributions in parents and siblings of NSAVSD children, suggesting the presence of an intermediate. Broadening the definition of AVSD to include those with a shortened AVSL may increase the power of genetic association and mapping studies to identify susceptibility genes.
Risk factors associated with NSAVSD were examined using the 1997-2005 National Birth Defects Prevention Study database. Mothers who actively smoked or were exposed to passive smoke anytime from one month prior to pregnancy through the end of the first trimester were more likely to have an infant with a NSAVSD. There was a suggestive association between AVSDs and use of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral medications. Additional investigations are warranted to investigate associations with specific medications as well as to uncover possible gene-environment interaction effects that may modify these risks in order to develop improved primary prevention strategies.
Using the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium database, factors associated with time to first reoperation and time to replacement following primary AVSD repair were evaluated. Type of AVSD repair, closure of the mitral valve cleft, moderate to severe postoperative left AV valve regurgitation, and presence of postoperative complete heart block were associated with earlier time to reoperation after adjusting for age and weight at AVSD repair. Down syndrome and presence of postoperative mitral stenosis were associated with earlier time to replacement. Prognostic risk factors following left AV valve replacement in children who had previously undergone AVSD repair were also identified. A prosthetic valve size to body weight ratio of greater than 3 and the presence of Down syndrome were identified as predictors of in-hospital death following left AV valve replacement.
By adding to our knowledge of the AVSD familial and environmental risk factors from these studies, we will be able to (1) improve genetic counseling, (2) identify other family members for genetic testing, (3) begin to devise primary prevention strategies, and (4) improve treatment modalities. By recognizing prognostic factors which influence survival, optimal patient care can be devised which will not only improve treatment modalities, but also long-term survival.
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Sink, Holli E. "FROM STANDING BY TO TAKING A STAND: THE MOTIVATION AND ABILITY TO DEFEND AGAINST BULLYING." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185800396.
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Ning, Ling Han. "La vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H001/document.
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Ma recherche vise à la vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois. Ces enfants sont souvent abandonnés à cause de leur handicap. Ils sont placés aussi du fait de la défaillance de leurs parents consécutive à un décès, un paupérisme, un emprisonnement, ou des difficultés qu'ils subissent les conduisant à l'abandon de l'enfant. Je m'interroge sur la façon dont les enfants dans les orphelinats chinois vont s'organiser psychiquement et socialement pour faire face à ce double traumatisme : celui de l'abandon, celui du placement. Pour vérifier les effets de la carence affective croisée avec l'abandon et l'institutionnalisation, une recherche exploratoire qui consiste en l'observation sur le terrain et les entretiens avec 3 nurses est réalisée au sein de deux orphelinats chinois. Et puis, le recueil des données s'est déroulé auprès de 16 enfants de 7 à 12 ans avec ces outils méthodologiques: l'entretien auprès des enfants, le dessin et le test des contes. L'analyse des données recueillies est basée sur trois vecteurs qui fondent l'organisation de la vie psychique d'un individu : la représentation de soi, la représentation de son lien à l'autre, les mécanismes de défense et d'adaptation mis en oeuvre. La présentation des résultats est scindée en deux parties : étude globale des données (étude globale des entretiens ; étude globale de dessins ; étude globale du test des contes) et études de cas (7 cas parmi les échantillons sont choisis pour des études approfondies). Les résultats montrent que les enfants présentent des défaillances dans lareprésentation de soi qui se décèlent par les atteintes dans l'estime de soi et par des sentiments négatifs, des défaillances dans la relation à l'autre de l'ordre de la pathologie du lien, et que pour faire face à leur situation, certains enfants peuvent entrer dans un processus de résilience qui s'observe par les mécanismes de défense qu'ils utilisent ou par la référence à un tuteur de résilienceMy research aims to psychic and social life of children in Chinese orphanages. These children are often abandoned because of their disability. They are placed as a result of the failure of their parents following a death, pauperism, imprisonment, or the difficulties they face leading to the abandonment of the child. I wonder how these children in Chineseorphanages will organize themselves socially and psychologically to deal with the double trauma: abandonment and placement. To test the effects of emotional deprivation crossed with the abandonment and institutionalization, an exploratory research, which consists of field observation and interviews with three nurses is carried out in two Chinese orphanages. And then, the data collection was conducted with 16 children from 7 to 12 years with the methodological tools: the interview with children, drawing and testing stories. The analysis of data collected is based on three vectors that underlie the organization of the psychic life of an individual : self-representation, representation of his relationship with others, defense mechanisms implemented. The presentation of results is divided into two parts: comprehensive study of data (comprehensive study of the interviews, comprehensive study of the drawings, comprehensive study of the test stories) and case studies (7 cases among the samples are selected for in-depth studies). The results show that these children have deficiencies in self-representation which are detected by the self-esteem damaged and negative feelings, deficiencies in their relationship with others of the order of pathology of the link, and to deal with their situation, some children may enter into a process of resilience which is observed by the defense mechanisms they use or by reference to a guardian of resilience
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Robinson, Natasha M. "Comparing the Lived Experience of Men and Women Bereaved by Stillbirth: A Meta- Synthesis of Qualitative Studies." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131814.
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This item is only available electronically.Stillbirth rates in Australia have remained stable in the past 20 years, with some 2,000 families affected each year. Despite this, research into the multi-dimensional impact of stillbirth remains limited. Most research to date focusses on the immediate needs of bereaved mothers, particularly grief and the response of health professionals in hospital settings. What is needed from research is a deeper understanding of the impact of stillbirth on fathers, siblings, grandparents, family systems, mental health, relationships, employment and workplace productivity. The relationship between the experience of stillbirth and social constructs, gender, parenting, stigma and attachment also requires closer attention. Surprisingly, the economic impact of stillbirth is poorly described. The direct and indirect costs of stillbirth in Australia from 2016-2020 is estimated to sum $681 million highlighting the need for action to reduce stillbirth and its devastating and pervasive impacts on those bereaved, and Australian society.
Thesis (M.Psych.Clinical(Defence)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2018
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Styles, Philippa Igea. "An exploratory study of South African clinical psychologists' opinions of the insanity defence." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1442.
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This quantitative exploratory study surveyed 64 South African clinical psychologists' opinions of the insanity defence. Clinical psychologists are increasingly becoming meaningful contributors to the judicial process in South Africa with regard to criminal incapacity. It is therefore considered important to canvas their opinions. To the author's knowledge this is the first research on psychologists' opinions of the defence in South Africa, possibly internationally. A standardized Likert scale developed by Skeem and Evans-DeCicco (2004) to gauge jury views on the insanity defence in the United States was used as the data collection tool. This research employed an overall correlational research design. Due to heterogenous variances the more liberal assumptions of non-parametric tests were used to extrapolate findings. The bulk of opinion rested in the moderate to ambivalent support ranges, with few strongly positive or negative opinions of the insanity defence. Significant results suggest that female psychologists, regardless of race, showed less support of the insanity defence than their male counterparts. Furthermore, those whose primary therapeutic orientation was psychodynamic had less support than those who practiced other modalities. However, a disappointingly small sample size and low reliability of the scale makes the generalisability of the results tentative, and thus further research is needed to verify these findingsThesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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Marks, Michael John. "Avoidant attachment and automatic vs. controlled components of psychological defense /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3269971.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4834. Adviser: R. Chris Fraley. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-78) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Reigota, Ana Cláudia dos Santos. "Congenital Heart Disease: Atrial Septal Defect and Tetralogy of Fallot." Master's thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/112204.
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Reigota, Ana Cláudia dos Santos. "Congenital Heart Disease: Atrial Septal Defect and Tetralogy of Fallot." Dissertação, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/112204.
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Wu, Ting Shu, and 吳丁樹. "Clinical Manifestations of Mycobacterium kansasii Infection and the Defense Mechanism of Host Natural Killer Cells against It." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83559562658012973489.
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Eusébio, Jorge Hernâni dos Santos. "Phenotypic heterogeneity by germline MMR gene defect in Lynch Syndrome patients in Centro Hospitalar de São João (CHSJ)." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90113.
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Eusébio, Jorge Hernâni dos Santos. "Phenotypic heterogeneity by germline MMR gene defect in Lynch Syndrome patients in Centro Hospitalar de São João (CHSJ)." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90113.
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Faustino, Bruno. "Evidence-based clinical decision-making : Conceptual and empirical foundations for an integrative psychological and neurobiological transtheoretical metamodel." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/52489.
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The dialogue between psychotherapy and neuroscience is ongoing. Previous meta-analytic research suggests that 35% of psychotherapy outcome variance is not fully explained, whereas 30% is attributed to patient variables, 15% to therapeutic relationship, 10% to specific therapeutic techniques, 7% to therapist variables and 3% to other factors (Norcross & Wampold, 2019). Several authors emphasize the need for integrative, metatheoretical or transtheoretical approaches to enhance conceptual understanding of clinical phenomena, augmenting psychotherapy responsiveness to patients’ significant variables, such as maladaptive patterns, states of mind, relational styles, emotional difficulties, neurocognitive deficits, and psychological needs. The present doctoral proposal aims to respond to these claims through the establishment of preliminary conceptual and empirical foundations for an Integrative Psychological and Neurobiological Transtheoretical Metamodel. First, an extensive literature review of the relationships between psychotherapy and neuroscience was performed to establish theoretical and conceptual integration of different components of the presently proposed model. Second, several methodological aspects were described to systematize the complex data acquisition process. Third, seven studies were conducted, and implications of the results were discussed. Fourth, an integrative discussion was elaborated, emphasizing the major and general implications of the results for clinical practice and future research.
The first empirical study aimed to develop and/or adapt self-report assessment measures to evaluate several psychological variables (e.g., metacognition, states of mind), which resulted in five scientific articles. Thus, the Metacognitive Self-assessment Scale (Pedone et al., 2017) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – 32 (IIP-32, Barkham et al., 1998) were validated and adapted to European Portuguese. The State of Mind Questionnaire (SMQ, Faustino et al., 2021b, Emotional Processing Difficulties Scale – R (EPDS-R, Faustino et al., in press) and the Clinical Decision-Making Inventory (Faustino & Vasco, in press) were developed. All instruments showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Nevertheless, the SMQ showed low reliability in the composite scales in smaller subsamples.
For the second empirical study, the main aims were to explore the complex relationships between early disorder determinants, maladaptive schemas and states of mind, defensive maneuvers and critical consequences, mental skills and processes, and adaptive self-domains. This was performed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results showed significant sequential and mediational models between maladaptive schemas, defensive maneuvers and dysfunctional consequences, mental abilities and processes, and adaptive self-domains with psychological needs. Maladaptive schemas and states of mind were both predictors and mediators in several models. However, the relationship between maladaptive schematic functioning and symptomatology had less significant mediations with the same variables.
For the third study, the main aims were to explore the relationships of early disorder determinants, maladaptive schematic functioning and states of mind, defensive maneuvers and dysfunctional consequences, mental abilities and processes, and adaptive self-domains, with several neurocognitive variables. Executive functions were negatively correlated with maladaptive schematic functioning and with defensive maneuvers and dysfunctional consequences. Memory only correlated with psychological needs, self-confidence and with dysfunctional interpersonal cycles. These results emphasize previous assumptions that there is a difference between self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological assessment measures which may difficult the integrated study of psychological and neurocognitive processes.
The fourth study aimed to explore the associations of affective subliminal processing with dispositional states and contextual states, defined in the present work as early disorder determinants, schematic functioning, and defensive maneuvers and dysfunctional consequences, mental abilities and processes, and adaptive self-domains. Results showed strong correlations between maladaptive schematic functioning, coping responses, emotional processing difficulties, and expressive suppression with behavioral responses. Dispositional traits and contextual states seem to be associated with affective processing, especially when it comes to the neutral valence of the subliminal stimuli. ERPs waveforms showed an amplitude modulation with a temporal progression: in the first 100 msec the waveform amplitude was highest to the negative condition; Later on, in the time windows after 350 msec, the neutral condition was the one that elicited the ERPs’ heist amplitude. These indexes a cascade of reactions, first a priority to nonconscious negative stimulation; and after that, a later processing phase of affective-cognitive interpretation (350msc) in which neutral stimuli acquire a meaning according to schemas.
The fifth study explored the diagnostic and or transdiagnostic potential of early disorder determinants, maladaptive schematic functioning and states of mind, defensive maneuvers and dysfunctional consequences, mental abilities and processes, and adaptive self-domains. Results showed that only early complex trauma and expressive suppression were not statistically different in two subsamples. Individuals in the low-symptoms sub-sample reported lower levels of maladaptive schematic functioning, defensive maneuvers, and psychological inflexibility than individuals in the higher-symptoms subsample.
The sixth study was focused on the exploration of the temporal stability of maladaptive schematic functioning and states of mind, defensive maneuvers and dysfunctional consequences, mental abilities, and adaptive self-domains. Results showed significant differences between moment one and two, with a descending pattern in the mean scores of dysfunctional variables. An inverse pattern was found regarding the adaptive variables. However, mean scores of some variables, such as early maladaptive schemas, emotional schemas, psychological needs, and cognitive reappraisal were not statistically significant.
The seventh study aimed to explore associations of early disorder determinants, maladaptive schemas and states of mind, defensive maneuvers and critical consequences, mental skills and processes and adaptive self-domains, with an empirical based clinical profile (e.g., psychotherapy and motivational stage, coping styles). Results showed significant negative correlations between maladaptive schematic functioning and stage process, motivational stage, therapeutic relationship, attachment style, reactance, and coping style. An inverse pattern was found regarding the adaptive variables.
These preliminary results seem to support a theoretically- and empirically-based integrative and transtheoretical metamodel focused on unifying psychotherapy and neuroscience into a coherent framework. Further research is required to augment and enhance the presently proposed model.
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Low, Soo-Hoong, and 劉書鴻. "Evidence-based clinical decision making for the management of patients with periodontal osseous defect after impacted third molar extraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f8gyqx.
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Hicks, Catherine Helen. "The centre cannot hold : the experiences of post-apartheid migrants from South Africa to Australia." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30414/.
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The aim of the study is to explore the migration experiences of a group of post-apartheid white South Africans to Australia. The work is grounded in relational psychoanalytic thinking while using the constructivist grounded theory method (GTM), as proposed by Charmaz (2006), to analyse the data. The combination of these two frames represents an extension of the GTM by including a focus on the co-creation of data, and provides a structured approach to psychoanalytic research.
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Beaulieu-Pelletier, Geneviève. "Vers un approfondissement de l’évaluation des états mentaux : exploration de leurs propriétés et répercussions." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8500.
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Les états mentaux réfèrent à la qualité de la capacité d’un individu à élaborer mentalement et à s’ouvrir à son expérience subjective dans l’ici et maintenant. Les divers états mentaux varient quant à la disponibilité des ressources représenta-tionnelles et affectives pouvant être activées afin d’organiser l’expérience vécue, ainsi que dans leur utilisation de stratégies défensives et d’autorégulation. La présente thèse avait pour objectifs 1) d’approfondir l’évaluation des états mentaux par le développement et la validation d’un instrument pratique, le Mental States Task (MST), développé afin d’évaluer différentes qualités d’états mentaux et 2) d’investiguer les propriétés psychiques et les répercussions des différents états mentaux.
Le premier article avait pour but de valider le MST. La première partie de l’article est consacrée à la validation du MST dans sa version francophone, et la deuxième partie porte sur la traduction et la validation du MST dans sa version anglophone. Les résultats fournissent des indices convaincants de validité et de fidélité, ainsi qu’une valeur prédictive adéquate. Le MST semble représenter de façon conforme autant les états mentaux de bas niveau que de haut niveau selon le continuum de réflexivité. De fait, les états mentaux de bas niveau et de haut niveau ont été respectivement associés à un large spectre de construits négatifs/immatures et positifs/matures. De plus, chaque état mental évalué par le MST semble posséder des propriétés particulières relativement aux processus mentaux et émotionnels utilisés pour traiter l’expérience.
Le second article avait pour objectif d’approfondir l’étude de la valeur prédictive du MST par le biais de l’évaluation des coûts psychiques engendrés par les différentes qualités d’états mentaux—coûts présumés dépendant des ressources représentationnelles disponibles et du type de stratégies de régulation utilisées. Les résultats suggèrent que les états mentaux de bas niveau génèrent des coûts énergétiques plus élevés, ayant pour répercussion d’entraîner subséquemment un effet de déplétion du moi. Inversement, les états mentaux de haut niveau engendrent de moindres coûts, protégeant contre un état subséquent de déplétion du moi. Le MST s’est avéré être un outil efficace d’évaluation des répercussions énergétiques occasionnées par les divers états mentaux.Mental states refer to the quality of one’s capacity to mentally elaborate and open up to his/her subjective experience in the here-and-now moment. Mental states differ relatively to the availability of the representational and affective resources triggered in order to organize the experience, and in the type of defensive and self-regulatory strategies used. The aims of this thesis were 1) to deepen the evaluation of mental states through the creation and validation of a practical measure, the Mental States Task (MST), in order to evaluate differences in quality of mental states, and 2) to investigate the psychic properties and repercussions of the different mental states. The goal of the first article was to validate the MST. The first part of this article was dedicated to the validation of the French version of the MST, and the second part to the translation and validation of its English version. Results provide convincing evidence of validity and reliability, as well as an adequate predictive value with respect to a large range of related concepts, in both its French and English versions. The MST appears to well represent both low- and high-level mental states according to the reflective continuum, which were found to be linked to a large range of negative/immature and positive/mature constructs, respectively. In addition, each mental state measured by the MST appears to have particular characteristics relative to the mental and emotional processes used to deal with the experience. The purpose of the second article was to deepen the investigation of the predictive value of the MST, through the evaluation of the psychic costs generated by the different qualities of mental states—the costs presumably depending on the representational resources available and the regulatory strategies used. Results suggest that using low-level mental states generates higher energetic costs, resulting in a subsequent ego-depletion effect. Conversely, high-level mental states generate fewer costs, protecting from a subsequent ego-depletion effect. The MST appeared to be an efficient tool in the assessment of the energetic repercussions produced by the different mental sates.