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DeVivo, Renée, Lauren Zajac, Asim Mian, Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Eric Steinberg, Michael L. Alosco, Jesse Mez, Robert Stern, and Ronald Killany. "Differentiating Between Healthy Control Participants and Those with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Volumetric MRI Data." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 08 (May 27, 2019): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771900047x.
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AbstractObjective:To determine whether volumetric measures of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and other cortical measures can differentiate between cognitively normal individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Method:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 46 cognitively normal subjects and 50 subjects with MCI as part of the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center research registry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used in this cross-sectional study. Cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal subfield volumes were generated from each subject’s MRI data using FreeSurfer v6.0. Nominal logistic regression models containing these variables were used to identify subjects as control or MCI.Results:A model containing regions of interest (superior temporal cortex, caudal anterior cingulate, pars opercularis, subiculum, precentral cortex, caudal middle frontal cortex, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars orbitalis, middle temporal cortex, insula, banks of the superior temporal sulcus, parasubiculum, paracentral lobule) fit the data best (R2= .7310, whole model test chi-square = 97.16,p< .0001).Conclusions:MRI data correctly classified most subjects using measures of selected medial temporal lobe structures in combination with those from other cortical areas, yielding an overall classification accuracy of 93.75%. These findings support the notion that, while volumes of medial temporal lobe regions differ between cognitively normal and MCI subjects, differences that can be used to distinguish between these two populations are present elsewhere in the brain.
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Holst, Søren, Dorte Lystrup, and John L. Taylor. "Firesetters with intellectual disabilities in Denmark." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 10, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-10-2019-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gather epidemiologicalinformation concerning firesetters with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Denmark to identify the assessment and treatment needs of this population and inform further research in this area. Design/methodology/approach The records held by the Danish Ministry of Justice concerning all firesetters with ID convicted of deliberate firesetting were reviewed for the period January 2001 to December 2010 inclusive. File information was extracted for 83 offenders concerning: demographic and personal characteristics; mental health characteristics; offending behaviour; offence-specific factors; and motives for offending. A sub-group of seven offenders were interviewed to explore some of the themes that emerged from the file review. Findings The majority of study participants were male and were classified as having mild ID and around 50 per cent had additional mental health problems. Many came from disturbed and deprived backgrounds. Two-thirds had set more than one fire and over 60 per cent had convictions for offences other than firesetting. Alcohol was involved in the firesetting behaviour in a significant proportion of cases (25 per cent). The motives for setting fires were – in descending order – communication (of anger, frustration and distress), fire fascination and vandalism. Interviews with participants indicated the important communicative function of firesetting, the difficulties people had in talking about and acknowledging their firesetting behaviour, and lack of access to targeted interventions. Research limitations/implications Interventions for Danish firesetters with ID, as for firesetters with ID elsewhere, need to target the communicative function of this behaviour, along with offenders’ lack of insight and initial reluctance to accept responsibility for their behaviour and associated risks. Adjunctive treatment is required to address the psychiatric comorbidity experienced by many of these offenders, along with the alcohol use/misuse that is associated with many of these offences. Originality/value This is the first study concerning nature and needs of firesetters with ID in Denmark.
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Waller, Michael, Rachel F. Buckley, Colin L. Masters, Francis R. Nona, Sandra J. Eades, and Annette J. Dobson. "Deaths with Dementia in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians: A Nationwide Study." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 1589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201175.
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Background: The prevalence of dementia is generally reported to be higher among Indigenous peoples. Objective: The rates and coding of dementia mortality were compared between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Methods: De-identified individual records on causes of death for all people aged 40 years or more who died in Australia between 2006 and 2014 (n = 1,233,084) were used. There were 185,237 records with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes for dementia (Alzheimer’s Disease, vascular dementia, or unspecified dementia) as the underlying cause of death or mentioned elsewhere on the death certificate. Death rates were compared using Poisson regression. Logistic regression was used to assess whether dementia was more likely to be classified as ‘unspecified’ type in Indigenous Australians. Results: The rates of death with dementia were 57% higher in Indigenous Australians, compared to non-Indigenous, relative rate (RR) 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.48, 1.66), p < 0.0001. This excess of deaths was highest at ages below 75 (RRs > 2, test for interaction p < 0.0001), and among men (test for interaction p < 0.0001). When the underreporting of Indigenous status on the death certificate was taken into account the relative rate increased to 2.17, 95% CI (2.07, 2.29). Indigenous Australians were also more likely to have their dementia coded as ‘unspecified’ on their death certificate (Odds Ratio 1.92, 95% CI (1.66, 2.21), p < 0.0001), compared to the non-Indigenous group. Conclusion: This epidemiological analysis based on population level mortality data demonstrates the higher dementia-related mortality rate for Indigenous Australians especially at younger ages.
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Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N. "The Contemporary Face of Bipolar Illness: Complex Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 9 (September 2008): 763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900013894.
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AbstractManic depression, or bipolar disorder, is a multifaceted illness with an inevitably complex treatment. The current article summarizes the current status of our knowledge and practice concerning its diagnosis and treatment. While the prototypic clinical picture concerns the “classic” bipolar disorder, today mixed episodes with incomplete recovery and significant psychosocial impairment are more frequent. The clinical picture of these mixed episodes is variable, eludes contemporary classification systems, and possibly includes a constellation of mental syndromes currently classified elsewhere. Treatment includes the careful combination of lithium, antiepileptics, atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants, but not all of the agents in these broad categories are effective for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
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Ridgway, Jessica P., Jessica Schmitt, Ellen Almirol, Monique Millington, Erika Harding, and David Pitrak. "Electronic data sharing between public health department and clinical providers improves accuracy of HIV retention data." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S421—S422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1059.
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Abstract Background Retention in care is critical for treatment and prevention of HIV. Many HIV care clinics measure retention rate, but data are often incomplete for patients who are classified as lost to follow-up but may be actually in care elsewhere, moved, or died. The Data to Care (D2C) initiative supports data sharing between health departments and HIV providers to confirm patient care status and facilitate reengagement efforts for out of care HIV patients. Methods The University of Chicago Medicine (UCM) provided an electronic list to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) of adult HIV-positive patients whose retention status was not certain. Retention in care was defined as at least 2 visits >90 days apart within the prior 12 months. CDPH matched this list of patients with data from the Chicago electronic HIV surveillance database. Matches were based on patient name, including alternative spellings and phonetics, and birth date. CDPH also cross-checked patient names with the CDC’s national enhanced HIV-AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) database. CDPH provided UCM with patient current care status, i.e., patient was in care elsewhere (as verified by lab data), moved out of state, or deceased. Results 780 HIV-positive patients received care in the UCM adult HIV clinic from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2017. Of these, 360 were retained in care as of March 2017. We shared data with CDPH for 492 patients. Of these, 294 (59.8%) were matched, and 168 (34.1%) had a date of last medical care provided. See Table 1 for patient dispositions, before and after data sharing. 24 (13.4%) of patients believed to be lost to follow up according to UCM records were confirmed either transferred care or deceased according to health department data. Conclusion Data sharing between the health department and HIV providers can improve data accuracy regarding retention in care among people living with HIV. Disclosures J. P. Ridgway, Gilead FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient; D. Pitrak, Gilead Sciences FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient
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Huxley, Peter, Hitesh Raval, Jacky Korer, and Caroline Jacob. "Psychiatric morbidity in the clients of social workers: clinical outcome." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 1 (February 1989): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700011144.
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SynopsisOut of 141 new referrals to a Social Services Department 101 were assessed at inception and twelve-month follow-up using the Present State Examination (PSE), the Social Maladjustment Schedule (SMS) and the Case Review Form (CRF). Mental illness, financial and housing problems were the three problems most frequently identified by the social workers. At inception 72 (51%) of the subjects were PSE cases (ID > 5) and 25% at follow-up. The type of social work help offered to cases and non-cases did not differ.Social and clinical data collected at inception and follow-up were used to classify (using discriminant function analysis) caseness at inception and follow-up and clinical change. Caseness at inception (82% of subjects were correctly classified) was associated with depression, subjective social problems and poverty. Caseness at follow-up (74% correctly classified) was associated with poor coping abilities at inception and clinical features of depression. Clinical change (worsening) (71% correctly classified) was associated with seeing a Community Psychiatric Nurse and poor coping abilities at inception. The ability to classify correctly cases and change was enhanced when additional data from follow-up interviews were used. In the PSE cases, only clinical worsening was correctly classified by a high GHQ score at inception, age and poor coping abilities. The last result is similar to that obtained in general practice by Mann et al. (1981).
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Matthews, Peter C. "Pathological Habit Disorder?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 9 (December 1988): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300908.
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This paper outlines a diagnostic entity called ‘Pathological Habit Disorder’ which is suggested for inclusion in the DSM as an Axis II option. Specific areas of concern, either mental (Axis I) or physical (Axis III), would delineate the syndrome. Pathological Habit Disorder (PHD) points to treatment options where the syndrome is wholly or partly habit-driven. Whether the syndrome is habit-driven or not will remain a clinical judgement even though many conditions, previously thought immutable except by medication, are proving accessible to behavioural engineering. In the ICD system, PHD seems to fit in “Special Symptoms or Syndromes not elsewhere Classified”. It is demonstrably useful to have a diagnosis such as PHD and to incorporate it into the body of medical classification, recognizing current practices for dealing with unwelcome or damaging habits.
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Picakciefe, Metin, Gulcihan Acar, Zehra Colak, and Ibrahim Kilic. "The Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Work Conditions, and Level of “Mobbing” of Health Workers in Primary Health Care." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 373–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515586360.
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Mobbing is a type of violence which occurs in workplaces and is classified under the community violence subgroup of interpersonal violence. The aim of this study is to examine health care workers who work in primary health care in the city of Mugla and to determine whether there is a relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, work conditions, and their level of mobbing. A cross-sectional analysis has been conducted in which 130 primary health care workers were selected. Of the 130, 119 health workers participated, yielding a response rate of 91.5%; 83.2% of health workers are female, 42.9% are midwives, 27.7% are nurses, and 14.3% are doctors. In all, 31.1% of health workers have faced with “mobbing” in the last 1 year, and the frequency of experiencing “mobbing” of those 48.6% of them is 1 to 3 times per year. A total of 70.3% of those who apply “mobbing” are senior health workers, and 91.9% are female. The frequency of encountering with “mobbing” was found significantly in married health workers, in those 16 years and above according to examined total working time, in those who have psychosocial reactions, and in those who have counterproductive behaviors. It has been discovered that primary health care workers have high prevalence of “mobbing” exposure. To avoid “mobbing” at workplace, authorities and responsibilities of all employees have to be clearly determined.
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Berry, Mike. "Deafness and young people: Implications for applied psychologists." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 307 (July 2018): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2018.1.307.34.
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Deaf children are exposed to many risks to their physical and mental health. This paper highlights some of the issues through a review of the literature and online information sources. Currently, 48,000 UK children are classified as deaf, although many significantly underachieve educationally and experience an increased risk of sexual and physical abuse. Recommendations are made for service provision.
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Terenyi, Zoltán, Gabriella Kis, and Jáanos Eszik. "Hierarchy and/or Reflectivity: the Role of Groups in the Function of Psychiatric Wards." Group Analysis 37, no. 1 (March 2004): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316404040994.
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Psychiatric wards in Hungary and elsewhere in Europe, even with modern concepts, possess features of totalitarian systems: controlling, maintaining a strong hierarchy in the structure, an authoritarian leadership style, regulated autonomy and reduced to one-way communication. Group therapy aims at free communication, empathic leading, cooperation and functional agreements, reflectivity. In this paper we analyze components of this apparent dichotomy in the context of contemporary psychiatric wards. A theoretical definition is given for the possible degrees of hierarchical rigidity on psychiatric wards based on decision-making procedures, the acquisition and distribution of resources and analysis of boundaries and functional features.
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Munley, Patrick H., Mary Z. Anderson, Denise Briggs, Michael R. Devries, Wade J. Forshee, and Emily A. Whisner. "Methodological Diversity of Research Published in Selected Psychological Journals in 1999." Psychological Reports 91, no. 2 (October 2002): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.2.411.
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454 papers appearing in 10 journals published by the American Psychological Association during 1999 were reviewed to consider the frequency of publication of qualitative research. Journals reviewed included Health Psychology, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Journal of Educational Psychology, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Journal of Family Psychology, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Psychological Assessment, and Psychology and Aging. Papers were classified as quantitative, qualitative, or mixed qualitative/quantitative studies. Quantitative papers were also dichotomously classified as either primarily descriptive or experimental. Qualitative studies were classified by type of qualitative methods specified by the authors. Most papers (97.6%) were classified as quantitative. Only three journals reviewed published qualitative studies.
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Tonkin, Roger. "Camp Elsewhere: A Summer Program for Adolescents with Eating Disorders." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1, no. 4 (October 1996): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104596014011.
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Pogorzelczyk, Katarzyna, Joanna Synoweć, Andrzej Basiński, Daniel Ślęzak, Marlena Robakowska, Przemysław Żuratyński, and Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska. "Cost analysis of treating pain patients on the example of the Clinical accident ward Of university Clinical Centre in Gdańsk." BÓL 20, no. 2 / Zjazd PTBB (September 17, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4614.
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The cost analysis of pain treatment is not a topic often taken up by the health economists community. The subjective dimension and pain assessment by the patient is one of the main determinants of the lack of interest in this topic. Work carried out on this topic currently includes analysis accompanying the process of pharmacotherapy treatment, care provided by medical personnel as well as costs resulting from administrative services. The aim of the work is to present the cost analysis of care for a „pain” patient and to indicate the most optimal financial package of these activities. The study was performed on the basis of financial data of the Clinical Emergency Department of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk for the last year. We analyzed the cases of patients complaining of pain who received pharmacotherapy. Results The total cost for 2017 amounted to 1.128.668 PLN. The largest amount of money was allocated to the group of patients qualified to the group R: „Symptoms, disease features and abnormal results of clinical trials not classified elsewhere” – 327.313.72 PLN. The symptom of pain is one of the most frequently indicated symptoms among patients who receive medical help at the Clinical Emergency Department of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk, which should be associated with a greater degree of involvement in analgesic therapy in patients who require it.
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Hammelstein, Philipp, and Steven Soifer. "Is “shy bladder syndrome” (paruresis) correctly classified as social phobia?" Journal of Anxiety Disorders 20, no. 3 (January 2006): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.02.008.
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Stein, Dan J., Naomi A. Fineberg, O. Joseph Bienvenu, Damiaan Denys, Christine Lochner, Gerald Nestadt, James F. Leckman, Scott L. Rauch, and Katharine A. Phillips. "Should OCD be classified as an anxiety disorder in DSM-V?" Depression and Anxiety 27, no. 6 (June 2010): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20699.
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Taylor, C. Barr, and Neville Owen. "Behavioural Medicine: Research and Development in Disease Prevention." Behaviour Change 6, no. 1 (March 1989): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007701.
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Behavioural medicine has become a popular, important and distinct field of research and clinical practice. One of the more exciting areas of behavioural medicine has been in the application of behavioural techniques to reduce cardiovascular risk-factors on a community-wide basis. Work conducted in this area highlights a key issue for the development and support of behaviour analysis and modification activities in Australia: to what extent should behavioural practitioners and their interest groups pursue a specialised, behaviour-analytic approach to the areas in which they are involved, as opposed to adopting interdisciplinary frameworks and approaches. We describe some of the activities of the Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, which has been able to operate as a large, interdisciplinary organisation, guided by behavioural approaches. We also discuss some setting, provider, program and client variables relevant to research and development on health promotion and disease prevention in Australia and elsewhere.
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Gruschow, Siobhan M., Benjamin E. Yerys, Thomas J. Power, Dennis R. Durbin, and Allison E. Curry. "Validation of the Use of Electronic Health Records for Classification of ADHD Status." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 13 (October 18, 2016): 1647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716672337.
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Objective: To validate an electronic health record (EHR)–based algorithm to classify ADHD status of pediatric patients. Method: As part of an applied study, we identified all primary care patients of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [CHOP] health care network who were born 1987-1995 and residents of New Jersey. Patients were classified with ADHD if their EHR indicated an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis code of “314.x” at a clinical visit or on a list of known conditions. We manually reviewed EHRs for ADHD patients ( n = 2,030) and a random weighted sample of non-ADHD patients ( n = 807 of 13,579) to confirm the presence or absence of ADHD. Results: Depending on assumptions for inconclusive cases, sensitivity ranged from 0.96 to 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.95, 0.97]), specificity from 0.98 to 0.99 [0.97, 0.99], and positive predictive value from 0.83 to 0.98 [0.81, 0.99]. Conclusion: EHR-based diagnostic codes can accurately classify ADHD status among pediatric patients and can be used by large-scale epidemiologic and clinical studies with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Patten, Scott B., and Joel Paris. "The Bipolar Spectrum—A Bridge Too Far?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 11 (November 2008): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370805301108.
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Objectives: To review the literature evaluating outcomes resulting from expansion of the bipolar disorder (BD) diagnostic category. We were particularly interested in identifying high-level evidence for improved clinical outcomes as documented by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies. Methods: The English-language literature was searched using Ovid MEDLINE for studies of BD referenced against the key word spectrum. We used bibliographies and other databases to extend this search when no relevant RCTs or relevant cohort studies were identified. Results: In the MEDLINE searches, abstracts and titles of 86 studies were examined and 48 were found to be related to the topic of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). No RCTs or prospective cohort studies evaluating modified diagnostic or therapeutic practices were identified. The literature about the BSD consists mostly of expert opinion emphasizing: various links between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders; a proposal that a greater proportion of the population without a mood disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders should be diagnosed under the BD category; and, proposals that syndromes currently classified elsewhere should be subsumed under the BD category. Conclusions: Our search failed to uncover high-level evidence demonstrating the clinical utility of proposed diagnostic realignments. The widespread acceptance of the expanded spectrum concept appears to be based on interpretation of descriptive epidemiologic data by high-profile experts.
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Mahmood, Zanjbeel, Andrea Hammond, Rodolfo A. Nunez, Michael R. Irwin, and April D. Thames. "Effects of Sleep Health on Cognitive Function in HIV+ and HIV– Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 10 (August 31, 2018): 1038–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617718000607.
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AbstractObjectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to report sleep difficulties and cognitive deficits. While cognitive impairment associated with sleep problems have been found in healthy and medical populations, less is known about the effects of poor sleep health (SH) on cognition among PLWH. This study examined differences in cognitive performance among participants classified based upon their HIV status and reported SH. Methods: One hundred sixteen (N=116) adults recruited from the Greater Los Angeles community were administered a comprehensive cognitive test battery and completed a questionnaire about SH. Participants were classified into the following HIV/SH groups: [HIV+/good sleep health (SH+; n=34); HIV−/SH+ (n=32); HIV−/poor sleep health (SH−; n=18) and HIV+/SH− (n=32)]. Results: For both HIV+ and HIV− individuals, poor SH was associated with lower cognitive performance, with the domains of learning and memory driving the overall relationship. The HIV+/SH− group had poorer scores in domains of learning and memory compared to the SH+ groups. Additionally, the HIV−/SH− group demonstrated poorer learning compared to the HIV−/SH+ group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sleep problems within medical populations are relevant to cognitive functioning, highlighting the clinical and scientific importance of monitoring sleep health and cognition to help identify individuals at greatest risk of poor health outcomes. Longitudinal investigations using both objective and subjective measures of sleep are needed to determine the robustness of the current findings and the enduring effects of poor SH in the context of chronic disease. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1038–1046)
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Stensen, Kenneth, Stian Lydersen, Frode Stenseng, Jan Lance Wallander, and May Britt Drugli. "Teacher Nominations of Preschool Children at Risk for Mental Health Problems: how False Is a False Positive Nomination and What Make Teachers Concerned?" Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 43, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09871-6.
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AbstractIdentification attempts in populations with a low prevalence of problems usually result in a considerable number of false positives. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the false positive rate following nomination of developmental concerns by preschool teachers and the reasons for which teachers raise developmental concerns about children who display non-clinical levels of mental health problems.A total of 1430 children aged 1 to 6 years in Norwegian childcare centers were classified as true positive, false positive, true negative, or false negative by comparing preschool teachers’ nomination with their ratings on the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form, resulting in 127 (9%) false positives and 1142 (80%) true negatives.Compared to the true negative group, the false positive group received significantly higher scores on internalizing problems, externalizing problems than true negatives, conflict and significantly lower scores on closeness. Children’s internalizing and externalizing problems and age were the main factors that increased the likelihood of teachers raising concerns, while increased closeness in the teacher-child relationship reduced the likelihood of being nominated. Children’s gender and conflict level were not significant when adjusting for other factors.These findings suggest that preschool teachers’ concerns about children’s development should not be discarded as the false positive group did show elevated levels of problem behavior and poorer teacher-child relationship compared to the true negative group. Scrutinizing concerns in collaboration with parents and other mental health professionals may be beneficial to ensure healthy development for children with elevated problem levels.
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Wammes, Joost D., Miharu Nakanishi, Jenny T. van der Steen, and Janet L. MacNeil Vroomen. "Japanese National Dementia Plan Is Associated with a Small Shift in Location of Death: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 83, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210521.
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Background: Japan has one of the highest percentages of persons with dementia and hospital deaths in the world. Hospitals are often not equipped to handle the care complexity required for persons with dementia at the end of life. The National Dementia Orange plan aimed to decrease hospital deaths by expanding time in the community. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the National Dementia Orange Plan is associated with a decrease in hospitals deaths for persons with dementia. Methods: We used quarterly, cross-sectional, national death certificate data consisting of the total Japanese dementia population 65 years and older, spanning a period from 2009 to 2016. The primary outcome was quarterly adjusted relative risk rates (aRRR) of dying in hospital, nursing home, home, or elsewhere. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to study the slope change over time. Analyses were adjusted for sex and seasonality. Results: 149,638 died with dementia. With the implementation of the Orange Plan, death in nursing home (aRRR 1.08, [1.07–1.08], p < 0.001) and elsewhere (aRRR 1.05, [1.05–1.06], p < 0.001) increased over time compared to hospital death. No changes were found in death at home. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the National Dementia Orange plan was associated with a small increase in death in nursing home and elsewhere. Hospital death remained the primary location of death. End-of-life strategies should be expanded in national dementia policies to increase aging in the community until death.
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Murtagh, Alan, Radu Petrovici, Wendy Wong, Curtis Obadan, Olufemi Solanke, Emmanuel Nnabuchi, and Kevin Kilbride. "Improving monitoring for metabolic syndrome using audit." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 28, no. 3 (September 2011): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s079096670001226x.
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Audit has been defined as “a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcome, through systematic review of care and comparison with explicit criteria, followed by the implementation of change”. As of May 2011, under the Medical Practitioners Act 2007, doctors are legally obliged to join in professional competence schemes, following requirements set by the Medical Council. These include the obligation for doctors to conduct one clinical audit per year. In Ireland and elsewhere, audit provides an opportunity for services to create an “environment in which clinical care will flourish”.
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Schvartzapel de Kacero, Etel. "The Logical Axis in the Rorschach." Rorschachiana 30, no. 1 (January 2009): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604.30.1.48.
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The paradigm of complexity that rules the current conception of knowledge proposes to observe and understand reality through multiple perspectives. This paradigm emphasizes relations and interactions, leading us to pay special attention to transformations that take place over time. These concepts are particularly valid when reading a subject’s Rorschach productions, inasmuch as the goal is to make visible psychic motions, modalities thereof, as well as the subject’s defense strategies and effectiveness. After having analyzed the spatial, temporal, and bonding perspectives elsewhere, as well as the linguistic resources used in responses, the author focuses in this paper on the logical axis, trying to show subjects’ prevailing codes for attributing meaning and significance to the realities they are seeing. An attempt is made to find out the rules constraining subjects to see and think in a certain way, thus, determining their behavior. From this angle, the goal lies in making plain the problems that subjects have regarding each plate-specific configuration, the way and words they resort to when rationalizing their responses, and the kind of solutions they reach.
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Goodey, C. F. "Why study the history of learning disability?" Tizard Learning Disability Review 20, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-04-2014-0011.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce practitioners and practice-based academics to the relevance of historical study to learning disability research. Design/methodology/approach – States need to balance conceptual history against that of learning disabled individuals; reviews existing literature; offers guidelines for prospective historians; gives sample of findings from author's work elsewhere; draws conclusions. Findings – Research which is conceptually based and goes back before the rise of the long-stay institutions reveals the historical contingency of learning disability not only as a concept but as a supposed “natural kind”, and exposes the more durable historical permanence of the phobia that creates “extreme outgroups”. Originality/value – Of the very small amount of historical scholarship that engages with conceptual history before the modern era, none of it till now has sought to enquire about the relevance of its findings to current practice.
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Smith, Garry, and Dan Rubenstein. "Socially responsible and accountable gambling in the public interest." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 25 (June 1, 2011): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.25.5.
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While much has been written about the need for governments and the gambling industry to act responsibly in their provision of gambling, only modest advances have been made to establish best practices in this area. Worldwide, few governments even approach what William Eadington, in Trends in gambling and responsible gaming in the US and elsewhere (2003, http://www.888betsoff.com/links/04_presentations/Eadington.pdf), calls a stage-four level of responsible gambling stewardship, that is, the unconditional acceptance of strong measures to attenuate gambling-related harms. One of the cornerstones of a gambling regime oriented toward consumer safety and public interest is a commitment by government and the gambling industry to meet commendable standards for accountability and social responsibility. After studying the government's legislative framework for the operation and regulation of gambling in the province of Ontario (Canada), reviewing the province's gambling-related mission and public-policy statements, and interviewing key actors in the government's gambling administration, a template was developed for an optimally socially responsible and accountable gambling regime that operates in the public interest. The template, along with suggestions for improving accountability and social responsibility in the provision of gambling, is presented.
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Shimoinaba, Kaori, Margaret O'Connor, Susan Lee, and Judi Greaves. "Staff grief and support systems for Japanese health care professionals working in palliative care." Palliative and Supportive Care 7, no. 2 (June 2009): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951509000315.
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ABSTRACTObjective:This article is a literature report on grief issues for health care professionals, undertaken to identify Japanese nurses' grief experience when they work in palliative care units. Health care professionals' grief experience and its impact have not been well understood or identified as a significant issue in Japan.Methods:Published articles relating to this study were searched using electronic catalogues such as CINAHL and PsycINFO, books, and research publications. Key words used for the search were “grief,” “palliative care,” “nurse,” “staff support,” and “Japan.” Both English and Japanese were used for the literature search in order to collect information regarding nurses' grief and support systems in Japan and elsewhere. The literature search covered the period 1990–2006 inclusive.Results:This article explores these issues in the literature as preparation for establishing a study that will particularly look at the influence of nurses' grief on the quality of care provided.Significance of results:Consideration of Japanese culture as it relates to death and dying and to nursing culture is a significant part of this work.
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Paulsen, Jane S., Robert K. Heaton, Joseph R. Sadek, William Perry, Dean C. Delis, David Braff, Julie Kuck, Sidney Zisook, and Dilip V. Jeste. "The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1, no. 1 (January 1995): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770000014x.
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AbstractThe California Verbal Learning Test was used to characterize the learning and memory impairment in schizophrenia (SC) and to evaluate potential clinical and demographic factors associated with this impairment. SC patients (n= 175) performed worse than normal comparison (NC) subjects (n= 229) on all learning, recall, and recognition memory measures. The most important clinical correlates of these impairments were earlier age of onset, more negative symptoms, and greater anticholinergic medication dosage. SC patients showed a prominent retrieval deficit as indicated by disproportionate improvement when tested in a recognition, rather than a free recall, format. A residual impairment seen with recognition testing suggests a mild encoding deficit as well. In contrast, the relative absence of a storage deficit is suggested by the lack of rapid forgetting. Using a discriminant function analysis that differentiates cortical dementia [i.e., Alzheimer's disease (AD)], subcortical dementia [i.e., Huntington's disease (HD)], and normals, it was found that 5070 of the SC patients were classified as having a subcortical memory profile and 35% were classified as having a normal profile, whereas only 15% were classified as having a cortical memory profile. Although these findings reflect the clinical heterogeneity often found in SC, results suggest that most SC patients demonstrate a pattern of learning and memory impairments that resembles the pattern seen in patients with primary subcortical (specifically striatal) pathology. (JINS, 1995,I, 88–99.)
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MARTIN, EILEEN M., RICHARD M. NOVAK, MICHAEL FENDRICH, JASMIN VASSILEVA, RAUL GONZALEZ, SILVANA GRBESIC, GERALD NUNNALLY, and LISA SWOROWSKI. "Stroop performance in drug users classified by HIV and hepatitis C virus serostatus." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 10, no. 2 (March 2004): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770410218x.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be detected in the brain (Radkowski et al., 2002) and investigators speculate that HCV has neuroinvasive properties (Forton et al., 2003) with direct effects on cerebral function. MRS studies show that the basal ganglia and white matter of individuals with HCV have abnormal choline/creatine ratios, indicating CNS inflammation or infection (Forton et al., 2003). Patients with HCV show defects in working memory and information processing speed (Forton et al., 2003; Hilsabeck et al., 2002), similar to patients with basal ganglia disorders and HIV (e.g., Heaton et al., 1995).
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Jongsiriyanyong, Sukanya, and Panita Limpawattana. "Mild Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice: A Review Article." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317518791401.
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The spectrum of cognitive decline in the elderly ranges from what can be classified as normal cognitive decline with aging to subjective cognitive impairment to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. This article reviewed the up-to-date evidence of MCI including the diagnostic criteria of MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease, vascular cognitive impairment and MCI due to Parkinson disease, management and preventive intervention of MCI. There are various etiologies of MCI, and a large number of studies have been conducted to ascertain the practical modalities of preserving cognition in predementia stages. Lifestyle modification, such as aerobic exercise, is an approved modality to preserve cognitive ability and decrease the rate of progression to dementia, as well as being recommended for frailty prevention.
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De Kock, Johannes H., and Basil J. Pillay. "A situation analysis of clinical psychology services in South Africa’s public rural primary care settings." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 2 (October 6, 2016): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316673243.
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The goal of our study was to provide a situation analysis of clinical psychology services in South Africa’s public rural primary healthcare sector. In this setting, the treatment gap between human resources for and the burden of disease for mental illness is as high as 85%. The majority of South Africa’s mental health specialists – clinical psychologists and psychiatrists – practice in the country’s urban and peri-urban private sector. At the advent of South Africa’s democracy, public clinical psychological services were negligible, and the country is still facing challenges in providing human resources. The study was based on the analysis of both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected by interviewing the heads of 160 public hospitals classified as rural by the Department of Health, while secondary data comprised a literature review. The number of clinical psychologists working in the public sector indicated a substantial growth over the last 20 years, while the number employed and/or doing out-reach to public rural primary healthcare areas shows a shortfall. Clinical psychology’s numbers, however, compare favourably to that of other mental health specialists in public rural primary healthcare settings. Since the National Mental Health Summit of 2012, strategies have been implemented to improve access to mental health care. In clinical psychology’s case relating to human resources, these strategies have showed encouraging results with a substantial amount of participating institutions reporting that clinical psychologists form a part of their proposed future staff establishment.
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DENNEHY, ELLEN B., TRISHA SUPPES, A. JOHN RUSH, ALEXANDER L. MILLER, MADHUKAR H. TRIVEDI, M. LYNN CRISMON, THOMAS J. CARMODY, and T. MICHAEL KASHNER. "Does provider adherence to a treatment guideline change clinical outcomes for patients with bipolar disorder? Results from the Texas Medication Algorithm Project." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 12 (September 29, 2005): 1695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705005933.
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Background. Despite increasing adoption of clinical practice guidelines in psychiatry, there is little measurement of provider implementation of these recommendations, and the resulting impact on clinical outcomes. The current study describes one effort to measure these relationships in a cohort of public sector out-patients with bipolar disorder.Method. Participants were enrolled in the algorithm intervention of the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP). Study methods and the adherence scoring algorithm have been described elsewhere. The current paper addresses the relationships between patient characteristics, provider experience with the algorithm, provider adherence, and clinical outcomes. Measurement of provider adherence includes evaluation of visit frequency, medication choice and dosing, and response to patient symptoms. An exploratory composite ‘adherence by visit’ score was developed for these analyses.Results. A total of 1948 visits from 141 subjects were evaluated, and utilized a two-stage declining effects model. Providers with more experience using the algorithm tended to adhere less to treatment recommendations. Few patient factors significantly impacted provider adherence. Increased adherence to algorithm recommendations was associated with larger decreases in overall psychiatric symptoms and depressive symptoms over time, but did not impact either immediate or long-term reductions in manic symptoms.Conclusions. Greater provider adherence to treatment guideline recommendations was associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms and overall psychiatric symptoms over time. Additional research is needed to refine measurement and to further clarify these relationships.
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STRITE, DANIEL, PAUL J. MASSMAN, NORMA COOKE, and RACHELLE S. DOODY. "Neuropsychological asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease: Verbal versus visuoconstructional deficits across stages of dementia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 5 (September 1997): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797004207.
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The incidence of clinically apparent asymmetric profiles of neuropsychological deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients similar to those reported in the PET literature is currently unclear. This study investigated lateral neuropsychological asymmetry using principal component factor analysis in a sample of 153 patients diagnosed with probable AD. Using factor scores, patients were classified into groups exhibiting asymmetric or symmetric profiles of neuropsychological deficits. In the analysis of lateral asymmetry, 27.5% of patients were classified as asymmetric (10% verbally and 17% visuospatially). Consistent with reports of continued asymmetry beyond the mild dementia stage, asymmetry was exhibited in the mild, moderate, and severely demented groups. These findings of neuropsychological asymmetry across stages of dementia are consistent with the picture of significant neuropsychological heterogeneity in AD that has been emerging in the decade. (JINS, 1997, 3, 420–427.)
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Tarren-Sweeney, Michael. "Concordance of mental health impairment and service utilization among children in care." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15, no. 4 (October 2010): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104510376130.
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This paper describes caregiver-reported patterns of mental health service use for 347 pre-adolescent children in foster and kinship care in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Children’s mean time in care and mean time with their present caregivers were 4.3 and 3.3 years respectively. Forty-four percent of children received individual therapy or counselling, 45% received interventions in the form of clinical guidance for their caregivers, and 31% received both forms of service. Among children scoring in the clinical range on any CBCL sub-scale ( N = 191), equivalent rates of mental health service use were 60%, 55% and 41% respectively. Although not directly comparable, these findings describe a higher rate of service use than that reported for children in care elsewhere. While children with more complex and severe difficulties had higher rates of service use, there was no evidence of variable access for treatment of different types of disorder. Predictors of service use are reported and contrasted with previous findings. The paper considers several features of the NSW child welfare, health and education systems that may account for the relatively high rate of service use.
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Eastwood, Robin. "Letters, Belles-Lettres, and Silence." International Psychogeriatrics 10, no. 2 (June 1998): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610298005225.
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When the Titanic sped towards New York, the captain was less concerned about icebergs than about transatlantic records. Nevertheless when the ship crashed, the captain did his duty and went down with the ship. Captains lead lonely, but not necessarily isolated, lives. What about editors? I do not wish to drown, but do lament the lack of letters (or correspondence as it is called elsewhere in the English-speaking world). Despite the pleas, nobody answers the call for letters to the editor. Like the captain, I want to know what's going on and what people think.
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MEAD, NICOLA, WENDY MacDONALD, PETER BOWER, KARINA LOVELL, DAVID RICHARDS, CHRIS ROBERTS, and AIDAN BUCKNALL. "The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 11 (July 26, 2005): 1633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170500560x.
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Background. There are significant barriers to accessing effective psychological therapy in primary care resulting from a lack of suitably trained therapists to meet current demand. More efficient service delivery using minimal interventions (such as bibliotherapy) provided by paraprofessional therapists may be one method of overcoming these problems, and is the subject of attention in the UK and elsewhere. A randomized trial was conducted to test the clinical effectiveness of this model. Assistant psychologists delivered a guided self-help intervention to patients with anxiety and depression who were currently waiting for psychological therapy.Method. A total of 114 patients were randomized either to guided self-help or a waiting-list control group. All patients were followed up 3 months later, prior to starting conventional psychological therapy. Measures included self-reported adherence to the intervention, anxiety and depressive symptoms, social functioning and patient satisfaction.Results. Adherence to the guided self-help intervention was acceptable and patients reported satisfaction with the intervention. However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in anxiety and depression symptoms at 3 months.Conclusions. The results demonstrate that this model of guided self-help did not provide additional benefit to patients on a waiting list for psychological therapy. The results are considered in the context of possible internal and external validity threats, and compared with previous trials of minimal interventions. The implications of the results for the design of future minimal interventions are considered.
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PERALTA, VICTOR, and MANUEL J. CUESTA. "Cycloid psychosis: a clinical and nosological study." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 3 (April 2003): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702007055.
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Background. Despite its clinical relevance, the diagnosis of cycloid psychosis has been relatively neglected in the psychiatric literature and in the current nosological systems. This study examined the clinical validity and nosological status of the cycloid psychosis concept.Method. Six-hundred and sixty psychotic in-patients were assessed for psychosis-related variables and diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, ICD-10 and the Perris & Brockington criteria for cycloid psychosis. The cycloid psychosis diagnosis (N=68, 10·3%) was examined in regard to its discriminant validity, concordance with other psychotic disorders, and predictive validity in relation to schizophrenia and psychotic mood disorders. To address putative heterogeneity within cycloid psychosis, affective (N=38) and non-affective (N=30) subgroups were examined.Results. Cycloid psychosis had good discriminant validity regarding other psychoses (95% of correctly classified cases) and poor concordance with individual diagnoses from the formal diagnostic systems (κ<0·22). Cycloid patients had levels of psychotic, disorganization and first-rank symptoms comparable to schizophrenia, and levels of affective symptoms in-between schizophrenia and mood disorders. Regarding most clinical variables and morbidity risk of mood disorders, cycloid psychosis was closer to mood disorders. Cycloid psychosis had higher psychosocial stressors than schizophrenia and mood disorders. Affective and non-affective groups of cycloid psychosis differed in a number of variables indicating an overall better outcome for the non-affective group.Conclusions. Cycloid psychosis does not correspond closely to any DSM-III-R, DSM-IV or ICD-10 category of psychosis, and more specifically this nosological concept is not well represented by the different formal definitions of remitting psychotic disorders. Cycloid psychosis seems to be an heterogeneous condition in that affective and non-affective subgroups can be differentiated.
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Telemi, Edvin, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Mauricio J. Avila, Ashley L. Lukefahr, Christopher Le, and G. Michael Lemole. "Suprasellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report." Surgical Neurology International 10 (April 24, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni-83-2019.
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Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare form of astrocytic neoplasm most commonly found in children and young adults. This neoplasm, which is classified as a Grade II tumor by the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system, carries a relatively favorable outcome. It is usually found supratentorially in cortical regions of the cerebral hemispheres, and as such, presenting symptoms are similar to other supratentorial cortical neoplasms; with seizures being a common initial symptom. Due to the rarity of this type of neoplasm, PXA arising elsewhere in the brain is often not included in the initial differential diagnosis. Case Description: This report presents an extremely rare patient with PXA arising in the suprasellar region who presented with progressive peripheral vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a heterogeneous suprasellar mass with cystic and enhancing components initially; the most likely differential diagnosis was craniopharyngioma. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of the tumor. Microscopically, the tumor was consistent with a glial neoplasm with variable morphology. Based on these findings along with further immunohistochemical workup, the patient was diagnosed with a PXA arising in the suprasellar region. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient remained free of recurrence. Although rare PXA originating in other uncommon locations, such as the spinal cord, cerebellum, the ventricular system, and the pineal region have been previously described. Conclusion: Although rare, PXA should be included in the differential diagnosis for solid-cystic tumors arising in the suprasellar region in young adults.
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Seidler, Gunter H. "The Self-Relatedness Construct: Empirical Verification via Observation in the Context of Inpatient Group Therapy." Group Analysis 33, no. 3 (September 2000): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05333160022077425.
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The article outlines the empirical verification of a self-relatedness construct theoretically elaborated elsewhere for its suitability as a way of describing changes achieved in the framework of inpatient psychotherapy. The study centres on two hypotheses: (1) during inpatient therapy lasting 12 weeks, patients display identifiable changes in the form of an increase in self-referentiality; (2) an increase in self-referentiality correlates with a decrease in symptomatology. The study was conducted in a practice-near design involving 76 patients in the framework of a multi-level approach. The article presents the findings gained with newly devised instruments for the identification of features of (a) self-relatedness and (b) of symptomatology and the experience of illness. First, it was again possible to show that these instruments satisfy various quality criteria. Of the two hypotheses, the first may safely be said to stand confirmed. Assessment of the second hypothesis calls for a differentiation regarding the increase of self-referentiality and symptom change in that this increase differs according to symptom area: whereas the increase of self-referentiality is bound up with a reduction of somatic and social symptoms, there is no demonstrable connection of this kind with regard to psychic symptoms, although the individual scales also show a reduction. The findings are interpreted with all due caution as indicating that the new instruments may have touched on, or indeed identified, a `capacity for symbolization `factor underlying both structure formation and symptomatology.
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Howells, Lawrence, Alice Rose, Brioney Gee, Tim Clarke, Ben Carroll, Sam Harbrow, Clio Oliver, and Jon Wilson. "Evaluation of a non-diagnostic ‘Psychology of Emotions’ group intervention within a UK youth IAPT service: a mixed-methods approach." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465819000407.
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AbstractBackground:A novel CBT-based intervention, tailored for young people, was developed in response to concerns about traditional diagnostically based approaches. Psychology of Emotions workshops use a normative approach to emotional difficulty instead of a diagnostic framework.Aims:To evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of Psychology of Emotions workshops within an IAPT service for young people aged 16–25 years.Method:This was a mixed-methods study, evaluating routinely collected self-report measures of depression and anxiety, and qualitative feedback forms. The main outcomes were rates of attendance, change in symptom severity, and participant views of the intervention.Results:From January to September 2016, 595 young people were invited to attend the Psychology of Emotions workshops, of whom 350 (58.8%) attended at least one session. Young people who attended all six sessions (8.1%) experienced significant reductions in self-reported anxiety (d = .72) and depression (d = .58) and 35.5% were classified as recovered at completion. Those who attended at least two sessions (41.3%) reported smaller but significant improvements in anxiety (d = .42) and depression (d = .45); 22.0% were classified as recovered at the last session attended. Participants provided largely positive feedback about the intervention.Conclusion:Psychology of Emotions is a promising treatment option, delivered outside of a diagnostic framework, for young people with mild to moderate mental health difficulties seen within IAPT services. Better understanding reasons for non-attendance might enable the intervention to be made accessible to more young people.
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Donohue, Bradley, Marina Galante, Julia Maietta, Bern Lee, Nina Paul, Joanne E. Perry, Arianna Corey, and Daniel N. Allen. "Empirical Development of a Screening Method to Assist Mental Health Referrals in Collegiate Athletes." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0070.
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The conspicuous absence of validated screening measures specific to mental health symptomology in collegiate athletes has negatively affected clinical practice in this population. Therefore, this study was performed to develop a sport specific measure to optimally identify collegiate athletes who are particularly likely to benefit from mental health programming. Participants were 289 collegiate-athletes who were assessed for mental health symptomology using the Global Severity Index of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (GSI), factors that interfere with sport performance using the Problems in Sport Competition Scale (PSCS) and Problems in Sport Training Scale (PSTS), and motivation to pursue professional counseling using the Desire to Pursue Sport Psychology Scale (DSPS). As hypothesized, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that PSCS, PSTS and DSPS scores significantly predicted GSI scores, controlling gender and sport status (NCAA, club, intramural). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that high-risk athletes (GSI T-scores ≥ 60) could be correctly classified by PSTS and PSCS scores. Results suggest the PSCS and PSTS may assist identification of collegiate athletes who are especially appropriate for mental health programs. These scales additionally identify factors directly relevant to athletes’ sport performance.
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FOWLER, KYLIE S., MICHAEL M. SALING, ELIZABETH L. CONWAY, JAMES M. SEMPLE, and WILLIAM J. LOUIS. "Computerized neuropsychological tests in the early detection of dementia: Prospective findings." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 2 (March 1997): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797001392.
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This longitudinal study examines the sensitivity of 2 computerized neuropsychological tests, delayed matching to sample and paired associate learning, to early dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Normal controls, patients in the early stages of DAT, and individuals with questionable dementia (QD) were studied. At 6 and 12 months after initial presentation, almost half of the QD group exhibited lower scores on the computerized subtests, maintaining their scores on standard testing. Over the same period NC subjects maintained their performance levels, while DAT patients continued to deteriorate. Linear discriminant function analyses of the computerized subtests at 6 and 12 months correctly classified 100% of the early DAT patients. Eighty-four and 79 percent of normal controls were correctly classified at 6 and 12 months respectively. Further development of these subtests for the detection of early dementia and the documentation of ongoing change in DAT is warranted. The findings are discussed in terms of the special sensitivity of these tests to the neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease. (JINS, 1997, 3, 139–146.)
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Johnson, Hilary, Barbara Solarsh, Karen Bloomberg, and Denise West. "Supporting people with complex communication needs through community capacity building: the Communication Access Network." Tizard Learning Disability Review 21, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-10-2015-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe specific features of a Victorian (Australia) state-wide hub and spoke model of speech pathology provision established for adults with complex communication needs (CCN). Two case studies highlighting successful examples of services developed to enhance community inclusion will be described and the challenges discussed. Design/methodology/approach – The route to community inclusion is described through a case study illustration of one communication accessible community site and one disability service study. The disability service research involved focus groups, survey and interview data and demonstrated the efficacy and sustainability of a support worker training model. Findings – Sustainable change in the community and in disability services can occur through partnerships, training, and long-term commitment. Support workers who can facilitate interactions for people who have cognitive and communicative disabilities are an essential component of building the capacity of communities to include people with CCN. Collaboration between community members, specialised supports and people with disabilities enhances active community participation. Originality/value – This innovative, state-wide model has the capacity to be replicated elsewhere. On-going speech pathology services are integral to support adults with CCN providing both short-term individualised services, sustainable staff training and community engagement.
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Ovadia, Yaniv S., Dov Gefel, Dorit Aharoni, Svetlana Turkot, Shlomo Fytlovich, and Aron M. Troen. "Can desalinated seawater contribute to iodine-deficiency disorders? An observation and hypothesis." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 15 (May 6, 2016): 2808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000951.
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AbstractObjectiveOver 300 million people rely on desalinated seawater and the numbers are growing. Desalination removes iodine from water and could increase the risk of iodine-deficiency disorders (IDD). The present study assessed the relationship between iodine intake and thyroid function in an area reliant on desalination.DesignA case–control study was performed between March 2012 and March 2014. Thyroid function was rigorously assessed by clinical examination, ultrasound and blood tests, including serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and autoimmune antibodies. Iodine intake and the contribution made by unfiltered tap water were estimated by FFQ. The contribution of drinking-water to iodine intake was modelled using three iodine concentrations: likely, worst-case and best-case scenario.SettingThe setting for the study was a hospital located on the southern Israeli Mediterranean coast.SubjectsAdult volunteers (n102), 21–80 years old, prospectively recruited.ResultsAfter screening, seventy-four participants met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-seven were euthyroid controls. Among those with thyroid dysfunction, twenty-nine were classified with non-autoimmune thyroid disease (NATD) after excluding eight cases with autoimmunity. Seventy per cent of all participants had iodine intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 95 µg/d. Participants with NATD were significantly more likely to have probable IDD with intake below the EAR (OR=5·2; 95 % CI 1·8, 15·2) and abnormal serum Tg>40 ng/ml (OR=5·8; 95 % CI 1·6, 20·8).ConclusionsEvidence of prevalent probable IDD in a population reliant on desalinated seawater supports the urgent need to probe the impact of desalinated water on thyroid health in Israel and elsewhere.
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LIBON, DAVID J., SHARON X. XIE, JOEL EPPIG, GRAHAM WICAS, MELISSA LAMAR, CAROL LIPPA, BRIANNE M. BETTCHER, et al. "The heterogeneity of mild cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological analysis." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 16, no. 1 (November 3, 2009): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709990993.
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AbstractA group of 94 nondemented patients self-referred to an outpatient memory clinic for memory difficulties were studied to determine the incidence of single versus multi-domain mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using Petersen criteria. Fifty-five community dwelling normal controls (NC) participants without memory complaints also were recruited. Tests assessing executive control, naming/lexical retrieval, and declarative memory were administered. Thirty-four patients exhibited single-domain MCI, 43 patients presented with multi-domain MCI. When the entire MCI sample (n = 77) was subjected to a cluster analysis, 14 patients were classified with amnesic MCI, 21 patients with dysexecutive MCI, and 42 patients were classified into a mixed/multi-domain MCI group involving low scores on tests of letter fluency, “animal” fluency, and delayed recognition discriminability. Analyses comparing the three cluster-derived MCI groups versus a NC group confirmed the presence of memory and dysexecutive impairment for the amnesic and dysexecutive MCI groups. The mixed MCI group produced lower scores on tests of letter fluency compared with the amnesic MCI and NC groups and lower scores on tests of naming and memory compared with the NC group. In summary, multi-domain MCI is quite common. These data suggest that MCI is a highly nuanced and complex clinical entity. (JINS, 2010, 16, 84–93.)
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Shams, Mohsen, Leila Kianfard, Saadat Parhizkar, and Ali Mousavizadeh. "Women’s Views About Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study in Iran." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 17-18 (May 15, 2017): 3666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517704959.
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Violence against women is an urgent health priority in Iran. Designing effective programs for preventing and controlling the problem necessitates a thorough understanding of Iranian women and their perspectives regarding domestic violence. This study was aimed at exploring the domestic violence–related views of married women who were referred to health care facilities in Ahvaz, Iran. In this qualitative research, data were collected through four focus group discussions with 30 married women. All the discussions were recorded and transcribed, after which the data were classified separately. The main themes and subthemes were then manually derived from the data and analyzed. The five main themes identified were domestic violence against women in Ahvaz, behavioral influencing factors, nonbehavioral influencing factors, the necessity to empower women to prevent domestic violence, and recommendations for developing special training programs for Ahvazi women. Most of the participants were aware that domestic violence against women is a common occurrence in Iran. They were well aware of the definition of violence and expressed a belief that behavioral factors exert an important effect on the occurrence of the problem. They recommended the development of appropriate training programs that empower women to prevent the problem, the use of mass media to educate citizens about domestic violence, and the involvement of opinion leaders in eliminating the taboo against considering such violence a crime against Iranian women. Considering the views and ideas of women as consumers of educational services is a principle used to develop effective programs for preventing and controlling domestic violence. As indicated by the findings, the participants believe that empowering women must be treated as a priority in the Iranian health care system. However, they recommended differing approaches and methods of empowerment on the basis of their individual views and concerns.
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Mayou, Richard, Robert Peveler, Beverley Davies, Jim Mann, and Christopher Fairburn. "Psychiatric morbidity in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Psychological Medicine 21, no. 3 (August 1991): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700022273.
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SYNOPSISPsychiatric disorder and sub-threshold psychological distress were more common in 113 young men and women with insulin-dependent diabetes living in a defined area than in comparable general population samples. Twelve per cent of men and 19% of women were classified by the PSE as psychiatric ‘cases’. Forty per cent of women and 47% of men reported at least one major social problem; effects of diabetes on everyday activities were common.There were associations between medical and social variables. The clinical implications are discussed.
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Foster, Andrew, Gillian Shorter, and Mark Griffiths. "Muscle dysmorphia: Could it be classified as an addiction to body image?" Journal of Behavioral Addictions 4, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/jba.3.2014.001.
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Todd, Anne W., Bob Algozzine, Robert H. Horner, Angela I. Preston, Dale Cusumano, and Kate Algozzine. "A Descriptive Study of School-Based Problem-Solving." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 27, no. 1 (October 31, 2017): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426617733717.
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We report here the type of problems and solutions that 38 school teams reported during a randomized wait-list controlled trial of one problem-solving approach (Team Initiated Problem Solving [TIPS]). The experimental results from that analysis are reported elsewhere. The purpose of this article is to summarize companion descriptive data from this analysis and suggest implications for school personnel and education researchers. Data for this analysis come from direct observation of team meetings for 38 elementary school teams in Oregon and North Carolina as they each met on four different occasions over an 18-month period to manage the behavioral supports in their schools. Our focus was on the types of problems the teams identified, the precision with which problems were identified (what behavior, who, where, when, why), the features of solutions that were developed, the extent to which solutions were perceived as being implemented, and the extent to which solutions were perceived as resulting in improved student outcomes. The most common solutions focused on varying forms of changing organizational systems. Teams were not likely to measure if their solution had been implemented or was effective prior to receiving TIPS training.
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Vňuková, Martina, Radek Ptáček, Filip Děchtěrenko, Simon Weissenberger, Hana Ptáčková, Ellen Braaten, Jiří Raboch, Martin Anders, Martina Klicperová-Baker, and Michal Goetz. "Prevalence of ADHD Symptomatology in Adult Population in the Czech Republic: A National Study." Journal of Attention Disorders 27, no. 4 (January 23, 2023): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10870547221147547.
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Background: ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder frequently diagnosed between the ages 7 and 10 years. We measured ADHD symptomatology in a representative sample of the Czech population. Material and Methods: Data collection was performed in January 2019 through the European National Panel. The respondents completed a demographic questionnaire focusing on ADHD history and a standardized questionnaire, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) screener for ADHD symptomatology in adulthood. Results: From the sample of 1,518 respondents, 3% of the respondents reported having been diagnosed with ADHD/hyperkinetic disorder in their lifetime. According to ASRS scoring, 119 respondents were classified as suspected ADHD. Overall, more males than females reported ADHD symptomatology. Age was also significantly associated with ASRS. Education status yielded no significant results. Conclusion: Our study documents that the prevalence of ADHD symptomatology in adults is comparable with that in Western countries despite the different historical and health care backgrounds.
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Henderson, A. S., A. F. Jorm, A. Mackinnon, H. Christensen, L. R. Scott, A. E. Korten, and C. Doyle. "The prevalence of depressive disorders and the distribution of depressive symptoms in later life: a survey using Draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R." Psychological Medicine 23, no. 3 (August 1993): 719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700025496.
Full textAbstract:
SynopsisThe point prevalence of depressive disorders was estimated in a sample of persons aged 70 years and over, which included both those living in the community and those in institutional settings. Lay interviewers administered the Canberra Interview for the Elderly to the subjects and their informants. The point prevalence of depressive episodes as defined by the Draft ICD-10 diagnostic criteria was 3·3%. The rate for DSM-III-R major depressive disorder was 1·0%. The latter prevalence rate is similar to those reported elsewhere for the elderly. Evidence is accumulating that older persons may indeed have low rates for depressive disorders at the formal case level. Possible reasons for this finding are offered.A scale for depressive symptoms, based exclusively on those specified in Draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R, showed that the elderly do experience many depressive symptoms. Contrary to expectation, these did not increase with age. The number of depressive symptoms was correlated with neuroticism, poor physical health, disability and a history of previous depression. Attention now needs to be directed to the clinical significance of depressive symptoms below the case level in elderly persons.