Journal articles on the topic 'Climatic resilience'
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Magruder, Matthew, Sophan Chhin, Brian Palik, and John B. Bradford. "Thinning increases climatic resilience of red pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 9 (September 2013): 878–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0088.
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Forest management techniques such as intermediate stand-tending practices (e.g., thinning) can promote climatic resiliency in forest stands by moderating tree competition. Residual trees gain increased access to environmental resources (i.e., soil moisture, light), which in turn has the potential to buffer trees from stressful climatic conditions. The influences of climate (temperature and precipitation) and forest management (thinning method and intensity) on the productivity of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in Michigan were examined to assess whether repeated thinning treatments were able to increase climatic resiliency (i.e., maintaining productivity and reduced sensitivity to climatic stress). The cumulative productivity of each thinning treatment was determined, and it was found that thinning from below to a residual basal area of 14 m2·ha−1 produced the largest average tree size but also the second lowest overall biomass per acre. On the other hand, the uncut control and the thinning from above to a residual basal area of 28 m2·ha−1 produced the smallest average tree size but also the greatest overall biomass per acre. Dendrochronological methods were used to quantify sensitivity of annual radial growth to monthly and seasonal climatic factors for each thinning treatment type. Climatic sensitivity was influenced by thinning method (i.e., thinning from below decreased sensitivity to climatic stress more than thinning from above) and by thinning intensity (i.e., more intense thinning led to a lower climatic sensitivity). Overall, thinning from below to a residual basal area of 21 m2·ha−1 represented a potentially beneficial compromise to maximize tree size, biomass per acre, and reduced sensitivity to climatic stress, and, thus, the highest level of climatic resilience.
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Abu Shoaib, Syed, Muhammad Muhitur Rahman, Faisal I. Shalabi, Ammar Fayez Alshayeb, and Ziad Nayef Shatnawi. "Climate Resilience and Environmental Sustainability: How to Integrate Dynamic Dimensions of Water Security Modeling." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020303.
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Considering hydro-climatic diversity, integrating dynamic dimensions of water security modeling is vital for ensuring environmental sustainability and its associated full range of climate resilience. Improving climate resiliency depends on the attributing uncertainty mechanism. In this study, a conceptual resilience model is presented with the consideration of input uncertainty. The impact of input uncertainty is analyzed through a multi-model hydrological framework. A multi-model hydrological framework is attributed to a possible scenario to help apply it in a decision-making process. This study attributes water security modeling with the considerations of sustainability and climate resilience using a high-speed computer and Internet system. Then, a subsequent key point of this investigation is accounting for water security modeling to ensure food security and model development scenarios. In this context, a four-dimensional dynamic space that maps sources, resource availability, infrastructure, and vibrant economic options is essential in ensuring a climate-resilient sustainable domain. This information can be disseminated to farmers using a central decision support system to ensure sustainable food production with the application of a digital system.
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Overland, James E. "Less climatic resilience in the Arctic." Weather and Climate Extremes 30 (December 2020): 100275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2020.100275.
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Liu, Congcong, Yuanfang Chai, Boyuan Zhu, Yunping Yang, Jinyun Deng, and Yong Hu. "River regulation and resilience: an approach for the Yangtze watershed." Water Supply 21, no. 4 (February 2, 2021): 1817–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.035.
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Abstract Many studies have focused on analyzing variation characteristics of the watershed resilience based on different indicators, while few efforts have been made to quantificationally evaluate contributions of climatic and anthropogenic factors to the varied resilience. In this study, we investigate changes in the seasonal runoff resilience of the entire Yangtze River basin during 1961–2014 by using a convex model and a resilience indicator (Pi). The MIKE 11HD model and the regression method were adopted to further differentiate effects of climate variations and human activities. Results show that climate variation (especially droughts and floods) and human activities exert negative and positive effects, respectively, and become primary reasons for falling and increasing trends in entire watershed resilience. These impacts grow with time under the gradually intensified climate variability and human activity. HIGHTLIGHTS Effects of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the varied watershed runoff resilience are quantificationally estimated. Investigating the changes in the watershed resilience in the entire Yangtze River.
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Lamichhane, Prahlad, Kelly K. Miller, Michalis Hadjikakou, and Brett A. Bryan. "Resilience of smallholder cropping to climatic variability." Science of The Total Environment 719 (June 2020): 137464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137464.
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Maybery, Darryl, Rod Pope, Gene Hodgins, and Yvonne Hitchenor. "Fostering resilience: Empowering rural communities in the face of hardship." Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 3 (November 25, 2010): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v3i0.1029.
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Australian rural communities are experiencing some of the worst climactic and economic conditions in decades. Unfortunately, the multiple government and non-government agency responses have reportedly been uncoordinated, sometimes losing sight of their consumers. This article describes a program designed to strengthen and empower resilience in small rural communities and summarises the outcomes, including needs and action planning undertaken. The 97 participants were from eight outer regional or remote towns and communities in the northern Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. As groups representing their communities, they attended meetings and responded to a series of questions regarding issues arising from the drought, community needs, and actions their community could take to address these issues and needs. The study findings highlight the stress and strain of the climatic conditions and the insecurity of rural incomes, as well as problems with the high cost of transport. The communities recognised a degree of social disintegration but also expressed considerable hope that, by working together and better utilising social agencies, they could develop a social connectedness that would make their communities more resilient. Approaches that empower and facilitate community resilience are suggested as an effective model that governments and non-government agencies can use to encourage social groups that are struggling to build resilience.
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Stan, Kayla, and Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa. "Tropical Dry Forest Diversity, Climatic Response, and Resilience in a Changing Climate." Forests 10, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050443.
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Central and South America tropical dry forest (TDF) is a water-limited biome with a high number of endemic species and numerous ecosystem services which has experienced a boom in research in the last decade. Although the number of case studies across these seasonal, water-limited, tropical forests has increased, there has not been a comprehensive review to assess the physiological variability of this biome across the continent and assess how these forests respond to climatic variables. Additionally, understanding forest change and resilience under climatic variability, currently and in the future, is essential for assessing the future extent and health of forests in the future. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a literature review on the variability of TDF diversity and structure across a latitudinal gradient and to assess how these components respond to differences in climatic variables across this geographic area. We first assess the current state of understanding of the structure, biomass, phenological cycles, and successional stages across the latitudinal gradient. We subsequently review the response of these five areas to differences in precipitation, temperature, and extreme weather events, such as droughts and hurricanes. We find that there is a range of adaptability to precipitation, with many areas exhibiting drought tolerance except under the most extreme circumstances, while being susceptible to damage from increased extreme precipitation events. Finally, we use this climatic response to provide a commentary on the projected resilience of TDFs under climatic changes, finding a likelihood of resilience under drying scenarios, although model projections do not agree on the magnitude or direction of precipitation change. This review of quantitative studies will provide more concrete details on the current diversity that encompasses the TDF, the natural climatic ranges under which this ecosystem can survive and thrive, and can help inform future forest management practices under climate change scenarios.
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Kahiluoto, Helena, Janne Kaseva, Jan Balek, Jørgen E. Olesen, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Anne Gobin, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, et al. "Decline in climate resilience of European wheat." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804387115.
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Food security relies on the resilience of staple food crops to climatic variability and extremes, but the climate resilience of European wheat is unknown. A diversity of responses to disturbance is considered a key determinant of resilience. The capacity of a sole crop genotype to perform well under climatic variability is limited; therefore, a set of cultivars with diverse responses to weather conditions critical to crop yield is required. Here, we show a decline in the response diversity of wheat in farmers’ fields in most European countries after 2002–2009 based on 101,000 cultivar yield observations. Similar responses to weather were identified in cultivar trials among central European countries and southern European countries. A response diversity hotspot appeared in the trials in Slovakia, while response diversity “deserts” were identified in Czechia and Germany and for durum wheat in southern Europe. Positive responses to abundant precipitation were lacking. This assessment suggests that current breeding programs and cultivar selection practices do not sufficiently prepare for climatic uncertainty and variability. Consequently, the demand for climate resilience of staple food crops such as wheat must be better articulated. Assessments and communication of response diversity enable collective learning across supply chains. Increased awareness could foster governance of resilience through research and breeding programs, incentives, and regulation.
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Chiesa, Giacomo. "Climatic potential maps of ventilative cooling techniques in Italian climates including resilience to climate changes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 032039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/3/032039.
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Islam, M., and Dennis Ashilenje. "Diversified Forage Cropping Systems and Their Implications on Resilience and Productivity." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 3920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113920.
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Plant diversity is associated with resilient ecosystems. Loss of plant biodiversity triggered by anthropogenic and climatic factors jeopardizes environmental stability and sustainable forage production. The understanding of biodiversity mechanisms and functional traits of species can help to design forage production systems to buffer against perturbations. Resilience and productivity are linked to plant species characteristics and interactions that enable them to recover from adverse conditions and compensate for the loss of susceptible species. Benefits of diversified crops including enhanced carbon assimilation, nitrogen fixation, and turnover are transferred to soil microbes which in return contribute to resilience against drought and poor soil fertility. In the absence of disturbances, these mechanisms are credited for stability and climax ecosystems. Cultivated systems are more fragile because management interferes with many functions while maintaining few. Strategies that sustain an entire range of functions can increase production regardless of climatic and management factors. This has been demonstrated in binary mixtures of cool season grasses including meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey) with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Suitable combinations of perennial species and cultivars bred for compatible traits can enhance resilience and productivity in a wide range of ecosystems.
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Bahta, Yonas T., and Vuyiseka A. Myeki. "The Impact of Agricultural Drought on Smallholder Livestock Farmers: Empirical Evidence Insights from Northern Cape, South Africa." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (March 22, 2022): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040442.
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The Northern Cape Province of South Africa faces drought that limits human endeavours, and which explains the unpredictable progress in livestock production over time. This study evaluated the impact of agricultural drought on smallholder farming households’ resilience in the Northern Cape Province. Data from 217 smallholder livestock farmers were collected and analysed descriptively and with the Agricultural Drought Resilience Index (ADRI), and Household Food insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). This study found that most smallholder livestock farmers (79%) were not resilient to agricultural drought. Further, the findings revealed that agricultural drought significantly impacted resources, food security, and government policy. This implies that a lack of access to resources, food insecurity, and ineffective government policy affected already vulnerable smallholder livestock farmers coping with severe agricultural drought. This study is significant in providing policymakers and other stakeholders with evidence-based recommendations for developing strategies and implementing policies for improving the resilience of smallholder livestock farmers by improving access to resources, including access to land. They will be better able to deal with challenges that come their way if they become more resilient, resulting in reduced household loss. This study recommends that government and stakeholders enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers by supporting less resilient farmers. The government needs to work with stakeholders to improve access to land and funds to enhance farmers’ resilience. As a result, these policies can help smallholder farmers be more resilient in times of climatic shock.
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Sandoval-Castillo, Jonathan, Katie Gates, Chris J. Brauer, Steve Smith, Louis Bernatchez, and Luciano B. Beheregaray. "Adaptation of plasticity to projected maximum temperatures and across climatically defined bioregions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (July 9, 2020): 17112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921124117.
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Resilience to environmental stressors due to climate warming is influenced by local adaptations, including plastic responses. The recent literature has focused on genomic signatures of climatic adaptation, but little is known about how plastic capacity may be influenced by biogeographic and evolutionary processes. We investigate phenotypic plasticity as a target of climatic selection, hypothesizing that lineages that evolved in warmer climates will exhibit greater plastic adaptive resilience to upper thermal stress. This was experimentally tested by comparing transcriptomic responses within and among temperate, subtropical, and desert ecotypes of Australian rainbowfish subjected to contemporary and projected summer temperatures. Critical thermal maxima were estimated, and ecological niches delineated using bioclimatic modeling. A comparative phylogenetic expression variance and evolution model was used to assess plastic and evolved changes in gene expression. Although 82% of all expressed genes were found in the three ecotypes, they shared expression patterns in only 5 out of 236 genes that responded to the climate change experiment. A total of 532 genes showed signals of adaptive (i.e., genetic-based) plasticity due to ecotype-specific directional selection, and 23 of those responded to projected summer temperatures. Network analyses demonstrated centrality of these genes in thermal response pathways. The greatest adaptive resilience to upper thermal stress was shown by the subtropical ecotype, followed by the desert and temperate ecotypes. Our findings indicate that vulnerability to climate change will be highly influenced by biogeographic factors, emphasizing the value of integrative assessments of climatic adaptive traits for accurate estimation of population and ecosystem responses.
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Uexkull, Nina von, Marco d’Errico, and Julius Jackson. "Drought, Resilience, and Support for Violence: Household Survey Evidence from DR Congo." Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 10 (May 7, 2020): 1994–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002720923400.
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The effects of climate variability and change on security are debated. While this topic has received considerable attention in both policy circles and academia, the microlevel pathways and conditions under which climatic shocks increase conflict risks are poorly understood. We suggest that household resilience provides one key to understanding these relationships. Using novel household survey data from two conflict-affected regions in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, we study variation in the support for violence related to reported exposure to drought and resilience metrics. Using comprehensive multifaceted objective and subjective indicators of resilience, we find that less resilient respondents who report having experienced drought and associated losses are more likely to be supportive of the use of political violence. In contrast, our findings suggest that there is no general association between reporting drought exposure and support for violence.
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Joy, Aleena, Frank R. Dunshea, Brian J. Leury, Iain J. Clarke, Kristy DiGiacomo, and Surinder S. Chauhan. "Resilience of Small Ruminants to Climate Change and Increased Environmental Temperature: A Review." Animals 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2020): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050867.
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Climate change is a major global threat to the sustainability of livestock systems. Climatic factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, direct and indirect solar radiation and wind speed influence feed and water availability, fodder quality and disease occurrence, with production being most efficient in optimal environmental conditions. Among these climatic variables, ambient temperature fluctuations have the most impact on livestock production and animal welfare. Continuous exposure of the animals to heat stress compromises growth, milk and meat production and reproduction. The capacity of an animal to mitigate effects of increased environmental temperature, without progressing into stress response, differs within and between species. Comparatively, small ruminants are better adapted to hot environments than large ruminants and have better ability to survive, produce and reproduce in harsh climatic regions. Nevertheless, the physiological and behavioral changes in response to hot environments affect small ruminant production. It has been found that tropical breeds are more adaptive to hot climates than high-producing temperate breeds. The growing body of knowledge on the negative impact of heat stress on small ruminant production and welfare will assist in the development of suitable strategies to mitigate heat stress. Selection of thermotolerant breeds, through identification of genetic traits for adaption to extreme environmental conditions (high temperature, feed scarcity, water scarcity), is a viable strategy to combat climate change and minimize the impact on small ruminant production and welfare. This review highlights such adaption within and among different breeds of small ruminants challenged by heat stress.
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O'Leary, Jennifer K., Fiorenza Micheli, Laura Airoldi, Charles Boch, Giulio De Leo, Robin Elahi, Francesco Ferretti, et al. "The Resilience of Marine Ecosystems to Climatic Disturbances." BioScience 67, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw161.
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Muralikrishnan, L., Rabindra N. Padaria, Anchal Dass, Anil K. Choudhary, Bharat Kakade, Shadi Shokralla, Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin, Khalid F. Almutairi, and Hosam O. Elansary. "Elucidating Traditional Rice Varieties for Consilient Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management under Changing Climate with Landscape-Level Rice Biodiversity." Land 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101058.
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Rice is grown under diverse agro-climatic conditions and crop management regimes across the globe. Emerging climatic-vulnerabilities and the mismatched farm practices are becoming major challenges for poor or declining rice productivity in potential rice growing regions, especially South Asia. In the biodiversity-rich landscapes of South Asia, many traditional rice varieties (TRVs) are known to exhibit resilience to climate change and climate adaptation besides their therapeutic benefits. Hence, a random sample survey of farmers (n = 320), alongwith secondary data collection from non-governmental organizations/farmers’ organizations/farmers, led to documentation of the information on TRVs’ biodiversity in South Asia. The current study (2015–2019) explored and documented ~164 TRVs which may enhance the resilience to climatic-risks with improved yields besides their unique therapeutic benefits. A large number of TRVs have still not been registered by scientific organizations due to poor awareness by the farmers and community organizations. Hence, it is urgently needed to document, evaluate and harness the desired traits of these TRVs for ecological, economic, nutritional and health benefits. This study suggests taking greater cognizance of TRVs for their conservation, need-based crop improvement, and cultivation in the niche-areas owing to their importance in climate-resilient agriculture for overall sustainable rice farming in South Asia so as to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.
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Stewart, Simon, Trine T. Moholdt, Louise M. Burrell, Karen Sliwa, Ana O. Mocumbi, John JV McMurray, Ashley K. Keates, and John A. Hawley. "Winter Peaks in Heart Failure: An Inevitable or Preventable Consequence of Seasonal Vulnerability?" Cardiac Failure Review 5, no. 2 (May 24, 2019): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2018.40.2.
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Climate change is a major contributor to annual winter peaks in cardiovascular events across the globe. However, given the paradoxical observation that cardiovascular seasonality is observed in relatively mild as well as cold climates, global warming may not be as positive for the syndrome of heart failure (HF) as some predict. In this article, we present our Model of Seasonal Flexibility to explain the spectrum of individual responses to climatic conditions. We have identified distinctive phenotypes of resilience and vulnerability to explain why winter peaks in HF occur. Moreover, we identify how better identification of climatic vulnerability and the use of multifaceted interventions focusing on modifiable bio-behavioural factors may improve HF outcomes.
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Adolf, C., C. Tovar, N. Kühn, H. Behling, J. C. Berrío, G. Dominguez-Vázquez, B. Figueroa-Rangel, et al. "Identifying drivers of forest resilience in long-term records from the Neotropics." Biology Letters 16, no. 4 (April 2020): 20200005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0005.
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Here, we use 30 long-term, high-resolution palaeoecological records from Mexico, Central and South America to address two hypotheses regarding possible drivers of resilience in tropical forests as measured in terms of recovery rates from previous disturbances. First, we hypothesize that faster recovery rates are associated with regions of higher biodiversity, as suggested by the insurance hypothesis. And second, that resilience is due to intrinsic abiotic factors that are location specific, thus regions presently displaying resilience in terms of persistence to current climatic disturbances should also show higher recovery rates in the past. To test these hypotheses, we applied a threshold approach to identify past disturbances to forests within each sequence. We then compared the recovery rates to these events with pollen richness before the event. We also compared recovery rates of each site with a measure of present resilience in the region as demonstrated by measuring global vegetation persistence to climatic perturbations using satellite imagery. Preliminary results indeed show a positive relationship between pre-disturbance taxonomic richness and faster recovery rates. However, there is less evidence to support the concept that resilience is intrinsic to a region; patterns of resilience apparent in ecosystems presently are not necessarily conservative through time.
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Şengül, Hatice, Dilem Marşan, and Tuğçe Gün. "Survey assessment of organizational resiliency potential of a group of Seveso organizations in Turkey." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18802655.
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Organizational resilience is vital for long-term value creation in organizations, as they continuously face many obstacles due to fast evolving, complex, and uncertain environments. Resilience is also important for managing hazmat and oil spill risks, given the expected increase in frequency and magnitude of natural disasters due to climatic extremes. Organizations with higher resiliency potential are more likely to manage these challenges effectively. Recently developing literature indicates that development of dynamic capabilities, which are different from ordinary capabilities, leads to greater organizational resiliency potential. This study assesses organizational resiliency potential of a group of Seveso organizations in Turkey via a 5-point Likert-type-scale survey designed toward measuring four important dimensions of dynamic capabilities including anticipation capabilities, adaptive culture, networking capabilities, and organizational learning. Cluster analysis of survey results revealed that there are significant differences in organizational resiliency potential among organizations, as evidenced by the distance plot. While participating organizations have scored relatively high resiliency potentials, there are areas that need improvement including increasing anticipation and networking capabilities and strengthening employee engagement to further enhance resilience of organizations. In the second phase of the study, the effect of three factors on organizational resiliency potential that includes socioeconomic level and earthquake risk of the region that the organization is located, and Seveso Directive status of the organization were assessed. While organizational resiliency potential scores among groups of organizations that fall under different categories for these three factors did not show any statistically significant difference, follow-up focused interview revealed that respondents believed there may be differences in resiliency potential. Both survey and follow-up focused interview assessments showed the complexity and multiple aspects involved in developing adequate organizational resiliency potential. Organizational resiliency potential research is still in its infancy and both theoretical and technical sides of the equation requires further development.
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Matlou, Ringetani, Yonas T. Bahta, Enoch Owusu-Sekyere, and Henry Jordaan. "Impact of Agricultural Drought Resilience on the Welfare of Smallholder Livestock Farming Households in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa." Land 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060562.
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Recurring agricultural droughts are of concern to smallholder livestock farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study determined the impact of agricultural drought resilience on smallholder livestock farming households’ welfare in the Frances Baard District Municipality (FBDM), in Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Interviews, more specifically survey interviews, were conducted with 207 smallholder livestock farmers. We used compensation variation, resilience index and linear regression models to analyse the data. The findings indicate that smallholder farmers who received drought relief support saw an improvement in their welfare. However, the welfare improvements varied across respondents and different gender categories, with males having higher welfare improvements relative to females. The study also found that economic capital, social capital, human capital and natural capital substantially affected the welfare of smallholder farmers. Furthermore, the study revealed that the smallholder farmers had a moderate agricultural drought resilience index, but low natural resilience capital. The study recommends that governments and non-governmental policymakers aiming to improve the welfare of smallholder farmers should focus on building their economic, social, human and capital resource bases. In this way, the smallholder farmers will be resilient in a time of climatic shock.
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Brito, Luiz F. F., and Jay S. S. Johnson. "191 Improving Climatic Resilience in Pigs Through Physiological Genomics." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.149.
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Abstract Breeding programs have improved productive and reproductive efficiency in worldwide swine populations. However, greater performance is often accompanied by reduced climatic resilience due to greater metabolic heat production. Genomic selection is an effective tool for alleviating the negative effects of heat stress, but it requires traits that effectively capture the physiological, behavioral, and morphological mechanisms regulating the heat stress response. In this presentation we will first describe the genetic background of heat tolerance based on routinely recorded phenotypes (growth, carcass composition, and reproduction) and climatic variables obtained from public-weather-station databases. There are clear genotype-by-environment interactions across environmental conditions and the definition of the critical periods for quantifying the environmental gradient directly impacts the accuracy of genomic prediction of breeding values for heat tolerance. Secondly, we will describe the genetic background of various behavioral, physiological, and morphological indicators of heat stress in maternal line pigs, including automatically recorded vaginal temperature, skin temperature measured in different body locations and times of the day, respiration rate, panting score, body condition score, hair cortisol, hair density, and ear area. These traits are heritable and can be successfully included in genomic breeding programs. Furthermore, we will discuss the transgenerational effects of heat stress in maternal-line pigs, including an epigenomic analyses of in-utero heat stress that identified over 200 genomic regions that are differentially methylated. In summary, we will: 1) provide a comprehensive description of the environmental-gradient variables and critical periods fitted in genomic evaluations of heat tolerance; 2) describe the genetic background of various indicators of heat tolerance, including heritability, genetic correlations, candidate genes, differentially-methylated regions, and metabolic pathways associated with the significant genomic regions; 3) present the accuracies of genomic predictions for each indicator trait; and, 5) make recommendations for the implementation of genomic selection for improved heat tolerance in pigs. This research was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Competitive Grants number 2020-67015-31575 and 2021-67015-34458 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
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Micheli, Fiorenza, Andrea Saenz-Arroyo, Ashley Greenley, Leonardo Vazquez, Jose Antonio Espinoza Montes, Marisa Rossetto, and Giulio A. De Leo. "Evidence That Marine Reserves Enhance Resilience to Climatic Impacts." PLoS ONE 7, no. 7 (July 18, 2012): e40832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040832.
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Munpa, Phichet, Suthirat Kittipongvises, Athit Phetrak, Wandee Sirichokchatchawan, Nutta Taneepanichskul, Jenyuk Lohwacharin, and Chongrak Polprasert. "Climatic and Hydrological Factors Affecting the Assessment of Flood Hazards and Resilience Using Modified UNDRR Indicators: Ayutthaya, Thailand." Water 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101603.
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This research aims to investigate the effect of climatic and hydrological factors on flood hazards and assess flood resilience in Ayutthaya, Thailand, using the 10 essentials for making cities resilient modified by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). Flood resilience assessment was performed based on a multi-criteria decision-making approach or the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) of pairwise comparison. The results indicate that runoff is considered the most influential factor in flood hazards, followed by land use, rainfall, and historical flood events, sequentially. Regarding the flood incident management concept, a questionnaire survey (n = 552) was conducted to understand the impacts of flood on local communities. The findings reveal that 50% of respondents had never received any flood information or participated in training sessions on flood preparedness. Most reported their concerns about the inadequate supply of drinking water during a flood. Spearman’s correlation coefficient shows positive correlations between flood disaster relief payments, preparedness training, access to flood hazard mapping, emergency health services, and their flood preparation actions. According to the modified UNDRR indicators, the top three highest AHP values in building community resilience to flood hazards in Ayutthaya are flood risk scenario identification, the effectiveness of emergency flood disaster response, integrated urban planning, and disaster risk reduction. The policy implications of this research include the need for national authorities to better understand the role cities can play a vital role in supporting both national and international climate resilience frameworks, especially Thailand’s National Disaster Management Plan, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), and the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Olivier Blarquez, César Morales-Molino, and José Antonio López-Sáez. "The Toledo Mountains: A Resilient Landscape and a Landscape for Resilience? Hazards and Strategies in a Mid-Elevation Mountain Region in Central Spain." Quaternary 2, no. 4 (October 18, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2040035.
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The Toledo Mountains are a mid-elevation mountain range that separates the Tagus and Guadiana basins in the central area of the Iberian Peninsula. The location of these mountains allows the development of typical Mediterranean vegetation with some Atlantic influence. Consequently, typical broadleaved evergreen Mediterranean vegetation currently dominates the regional landscape, with the remarkable presence of more mesophilous species in sheltered and more humid microsites such as gorges (e.g., Prunus lusitanica, Taxus baccata, Ilex aquifolium) and mires/bogs (e.g., Betula pendula susbp. fontqueri, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale). Palaeoecological studies in these mountains are essential to understand the long-term ecology and original distribution of these valuable communities and are key to assess their resilience. Understanding the hazards and opportunities faced in the past by the plant communities of the Toledo Mountains is necessary to enhance the management and protection of those species currently threatened. This study focuses on El Perro mire, a peatland on the southern Toledo Mountains (central Spain) where climatic variability has played a major role in landscape dynamics at multi-decadal to millennial timescales. Climatic events such as the 4.2 ka cal. Before Present (BP) or the Little Ice Age triggered relevant landscape changes such as the spread and latter decline of birch and hazel forests. Human communities also seemed to be affected by these events, as their resilience was apparently jeopardized by the new climatic conditions and they were forced to find new strategies to cope with the new scenarios.
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Hughes, P. D. "Little Ice Age glaciers and climate in the Mediterranean mountains: a new analysis." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 44, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3362.
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Glaciers were common across the Mediterranean mountains during the Little Ice Age. In parts of Turkey some glaciers were several kilometres longer than they are today, whilst in the Pyrenees glaciers were up to several hundred metres longer. In the wettest Mediterranean mountains, such as the Dinaric Alps, many small glaciers and perennial snow patches would have been present. Even in driest and most southerly mountains, such as the High Atlas, small glaciers and perennial snowfields were present. This paper examines the evidence from these two contrasting regions (the western and southern Balkans and the High Atlas) and the climatic significance of glaciers in these areas during the Little Ice Age. Particular focus is given on the climatological controls on glacier mass balance in different climatic conditions. Glaciers in cold and dry climates exhibit different sensitivity to regional climate change compared with glaciers in cold and wet climates. In addition, the factors controlling ablation of glaciers in different climatic regimes can differ considerably, especially the relative contributions and effects of melting and sublimation. All Mediterranean mountain glaciers were strongly controlled by local topoclimatic factors. Avalanche-fed glaciers have proven to be the most resilient to climate change and dramatically increased accumulation from avalanching snow explains the surviving glaciers in the Dinaric Alps and the semi-perennial snow fields of the High Atlas. In addition, geology as well as landscape morphology inherited from Pleistocene glaciations plays a role in explaining the patterns of Little Ice Age glacier distribution and especially the patterns of retreat and survival of these glaciers. The resilience of some of the last remaining Mediterranean glaciers, in the face of warming climate, presents a contradiction and comparisons between glaciers gone and those that remain provides important insight into the future of similar glaciers globally.
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Sáenz-Romero, Cuauhtémoc, Antoine Kremer, László Nagy, Éva Újvári-Jármay, Alexis Ducousso, Anikó Kóczán-Horváth, Jon Kehlet Hansen, and Csaba Mátyás. "Common garden comparisons confirm inherited differences in sensitivity to climate change between forest tree species." PeerJ 7 (January 15, 2019): e6213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6213.
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The natural distribution, habitat, growth and evolutionary history of tree species are strongly dependent on ecological and genetic processes in ecosystems subject to fluctuating climatic conditions, but there have been few experimental comparisons of sensitivity between species. We compared the responses of two broadleaved tree species (Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea) and two conifer tree species (Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) to climatic transfers by fitting models containing the same climatic variables. We used published data from European provenance test networks to model the responses of individual populations nested within species. A mixed model approach was applied to develop a response function for tree height over climatic transfer distance, taking into account the climatic conditions at both the seed source and the test location. The two broadleaved species had flat climatic response curves, indicating high levels of plasticity in populations, facilitating adaptation to a broader range of environments, and conferring a high potential for resilience in the face of climatic change. By contrast, the two conifer species had response curves with more pronounced slopes, indicating a lower resilience to climate change. This finding may reflect stronger genetic clines in P. sylvestris and P. abies, which constrain their climate responses to narrower climatic ranges. The response functions had maxima that deviated from the expected maximum productivity in the climate of provenance towards cooler/moister climate conditions, which we interpreted as an adaptation lag. Unilateral, linear regression analyses following transfer to warmer and drier sites confirmed a decline in productivity, predictive of the likely impact of ongoing climate change on forest populations. The responses to mimicked climate change evaluated here are of considerable interest for forestry and ecology, supporting projections of expected performance based on “real-time” field data.
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Zhou, Hao, Min Dai, Min Wei, and Zhicai Luo. "Quantitative Assessment of Shallow Groundwater Sustainability in North China Plain." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020474.
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The depletion of shallow groundwater has seriously affected the sustainable development of water resources in the North China Plain (NCP). Based on 556 well monitoring observations over a period of 13 years, we quantitatively evaluated the shallow groundwater sustainability in the NCP via various indices (e.g., the reliability, resilience, vulnerability, and sustainability indices), and further discussed the contribution of different drivers (including climatic and non-climatic factors). The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) the yearly trend of shallow groundwater shows a serious long-term deficit in the Piedmont Plain but is not significant in the East-Central Plain. (2) As for the sustainability of shallow groundwater in the NCP, the reliability is below the medium level (reliability < 0.5) in most areas and the ability of shallow aquifers to restore groundwater is very weak (resilience < 0.2), while the lack of groundwater storage in most shallow aquifers is not serious (vulnerability < 0.4). The final sustainability index (<0.1) shows the poor sustainability of most shallow aquifers in the NCP. (3) The non-climatic factor is the dominant driver of shallow groundwater depletion in the NCP when compared to the climatic factor. This result is helpful to formulate the water management policies for sustainable shallow groundwater storage in the NCP.
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Zoysa, Mangala De. "Urbanization, Climate Change and Environmental Resilience: Experiences in Sri Lanka." Urban Studies and Public Administration 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): p46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v4n1p46.
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Urbanization in conjunction with climatic change affecting urban life and pose challenges to cities worldwide creating urban residents increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather and other natural disasters. Improvement of urban ecosystems provide cost-effective solution against negative impacts of climate change accelerated with high population pressure and promote resilience of urban dwellers. The cities in Sri Lanka are focused on improving land use planning and management of urban forest ecosystems for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change impacts with the rapid urbanization. This study attempts to ascertain the effects of urbanization, analyze the impacts of urbanization and climate change, and examine the environmental resilience with urban forests in Sri Lanka, reviewing the relevant literature. This paper explore the effects of urbanization in terms of increase population, land use change, rising greenhouse gas emissions and intensity of urban heat island. The impacts of urbanization and climate change are revealed as change of annual rainfall, urban warming, extreme weather events, and urban health hazards. Disaster resilient cities, sustainable urbanization, greening the cities, other environmental resilience strategies as well as institutional and policy setting are discussed for environmental resilience to urbanization and changing climate. Limiting CO2 emission, reducing land surface temperature, and controlling urban heat island effect are discussed under the other environmental resilience strategies. Institutional and policy setting is explained through popularizing urban forestry and developing policy support. Urban forestry strategies incorporating urban planning should be manifested in urban development policy in order to counteract the negative effects of climate change in the process of environmental resilience and sustainable urbanization.
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SONG, Qiaoyun, Yan ZHENG, and Chenzhen LIN. "Improving Urban Resilience to Rainstorm Disasters: A Comparative Case Study of Beijing." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 09, no. 02 (June 2021): 2150010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s234574812150010x.
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Urban resilience is a major indicator of a city’s sustainability. Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, thereby increasing uncertainty and disaster risk. A city’s capacity to cope with climatic risks can be improved by developing resilience. In China, heavy rainfall is the most frequent and costly extreme weather event. We conducted a comparative case study on Beijing’s extraordinary 7.21 rainstorm disaster in 2012 and the 7.20 rainstorm in 2016. Taken generic resilience and specific resilience as the analytical framework, we found that generic resilience is mainly determined by the socio-economic development level and geography of each district; while the combination of engineering and non-engineering adaptive measures after 2012 disaster has improved the specific resilience to rainstorm disaster, which contributed a good performance in the 2016 rainstorm. As a megacity in China, Beijing is a representative case that provides guidance for other cities to improve their urban resilience to rainstorm disasters.
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Kundu, Shilpi, Mohammad Ehsanul Kabir, Edward A. Morgan, Peter Davey, and Moazzem Hossain. "Building Coastal Agricultural Resilience in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review of Progress, Gaps and Implications." Climate 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8090098.
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This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review of climate change adaptation and resilience in coastal agriculture in Bangladesh. It explores the existing adaptation measures against climatic stresses. It investigates the extent of resilience-building by the use of these adaptation measures and identifies major challenges that hinder the adaptation process within the country. The review was conducted by following the systematic methods of the protocol of Preferred Items for Systematic Review Recommendations (PRISMA) to comprehensively synthesize, evaluate and track scientific literature on climate-resilient agriculture in coastal Bangladesh. It considered peer-reviewed English language articles from the databases Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct between the years 2000 and 2018. A total of 54 articles were selected following the four major steps of a systematic review, i.e., identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion. Adaptation measures identified in the review were grouped into different themes: Agricultural adaptation, alternative livelihoods, infrastructure development, technological advancement, ecosystem management and policy development. The review revealed that within the adaptation and resilience literature for coastal Bangladesh, maladaptation, gender imbalance and the notable absence of studies of island communities were gaps that require future research.
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Rurinda, Jairos, Mark van Wijk, Paul Mapfumo, and Ken Giller. "Managing Nutrients for Climatic Resilience in African Smallholder Maize Production." Better Crop with Plant Food 102, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24047/bc102129.
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Testa, Alexandra C., Mark N. Furtado, and Alice Alipour. "Resilience of Coastal Transportation Networks Faced with Extreme Climatic Events." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2532, no. 1 (January 2015): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2532-04.
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Yu, Hongying, Xiaodi Liu, Quanhui Ma, Zuotian Yin, Yuhui Wang, Zhenzhu Xu, and Guangsheng Zhou. "Climatic warming enhances soil respiration resilience in an arid ecosystem." Science of The Total Environment 756 (February 2021): 144005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144005.
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Latte, Nicolas, Philippe Taverniers, Tanguy de Jaegere, and Hugues Claessens. "Dendroecological assessment of climate resilience of the rare and scattered forest tree species Tilia cordata Mill. in northwestern Europe." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 5 (June 2, 2020): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaa011.
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Abstract To increase forest resilience to global change, forest managers are often directing forest stands towards a broader diversity of tree species. The small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.), a rare and scattered species in northwestern Europe, is a promising candidate for this purpose. Its life traits suggest a high resilience to climate change and a favourable impact on forest ecosystem services. This study used a dendroecological approach to assess how lime tree radial growth had responded to the past climatic change. First, 120 lime trees from nine sites were selected in southern Belgium based on criteria adapted to the rareness of the species. Chronology quality was assessed and resulting tree-ring series were validated at site and region levels. Second, a range of dendrochronological methods was used to analyze the changes over time in the variability and long-term trends of lime tree growth and their relation to climate during the period 1955–2016. Last, behaviour of lime trees was compared with that of beech from the same region and time period. For this purpose, the same methodology was applied to an additional beech tree-ring dataset (149 trees from 13 sites). Beech is the climax tree species of the region, but is known to be drought-sensitive and has shown weaknesses in the current climate. The quality of our tree-ring series attests that dendroecological investigation using rare and scattered species is possible, opening the way to further analysis on other such lesser-known forest tree species. The analysis showed that the small-leaved lime had been resilient to the past climatic change in multiple ways. Lime growth increased during the preceding decades despite an increased frequency and intensity of stressful climatic events. Lime growth quickly recovered in the years following the stresses. The growth–climate relationships were either stable over time or had a positive evolution. The behaviour of lime contrasted strongly with that of beech. Lime performed better than beech in every analysis. Small-leaved lime is thus a serious candidate for addressing climate change challenges in the region. It should be considered by forest managers planning to improve the sustainability and resilience of their forests, in particular in vulnerable beech stands.
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Lynch, Elizabeth A., Randy Calcote, Sara C. Hotchkiss, and Michael Tweiten. "Presence of lakes and wetlands decreases resilience of jack pine ecosystems to late-Holocene climatic changes." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 11 (November 2014): 1331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0107.
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We reconstructed vegetation and fire histories from four sites located on a sandy outwash plain in northwestern Wisconsin (USA) to test whether lakes and wetlands have influenced how vegetation and fire regimes in pine–oak forests responded to late-Holocene climatic changes. Because of positive feedbacks between jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and fire, communities with few fire breaks should be more resilient to changing climatic conditions. Pollen and charcoal from lake-sediment cores were used to reconstruct vegetation changes at 50- to 100-year intervals and forest fire history at decadal time scales for the past 2500 years. The presence of fire breaks affected both fire regimes and the response of vegetation to climatic changes. Areas with more fire breaks had smaller charcoal peaks and the vegetation was more responsive to climate changes. The vegetation in areas with few fire breaks was more resilient, maintaining higher amounts of jack pine and (or) red pine than the more protected sites. We interpret these findings as evidence that positive feedbacks between fire and jack pine forests stabilized vegetation at sites where fire breaks were absent, and that such sites may be relatively resilient to future climate changes, until jack pine is no longer able to regenerate under the regional climatic conditions.
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Mátyás, Csaba, František Beran, Jaroslav Dostál, Jiří Čáp, Martin Fulín, Monika Vejpustková, Gregor Božič, Pál Balázs, and Josef Frýdl. "Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070821.
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Research Highlights: Data of advanced-age provenance tests were reanalyzed applying a new approach, to directly estimate the growth of populations at their original sites under individually generated future climates. The results revealed the high resilience potential of fir species. Background and Objectives: The growth and survival of silver fir under future climatic scenarios are insufficiently investigated at the xeric limits. The selective signature of past climate determining the current and projected growth was investigated to analyze the prospects of adaptive silviculture and assisted transfer of silver fir populations, and the introduction of non-autochthonous species. Materials and Methods: Hargreaves’ climatic moisture deficit was selected to model height responses of adult populations. Climatic transfer distance was used to assess the relative drought stress of populations at the test site, relating these to the past conditions to which the populations had adapted. ClimateEU and ClimateWNA pathway RCP8.5 data served to determine individually past, current, and future moisture deficit conditions. Besides silver fir, other fir species from South Europe and the American Northwest were also tested. Results: Drought tolerance profiles explained the responses of transferred provenances and predicted their future performance and survival. Silver fir displayed significant within-species differentiation regarding drought stress response. Applying the assumed drought tolerance limit of 100 mm relative moisture deficit, most of the tested silver fir populations seem to survive their projected climate at their origin until the end of the century. Survival is likely also for transferred Balkan fir species and for grand fir populations, but not for the Mediterranean species. Conclusions: The projections are less dramatic than provided by usual inventory assessments, considering also the resilience of populations. The method fills the existing gap between experimentally determined adaptive response and the predictions needed for management decisions. It also underscores the unique potential of provenance tests.
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Simoniello, T., M. Lanfredi, M. Liberti, R. Coppola, and M. Macchiato. "Estimation of vegetation cover resilience from satellite time series." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2008): 511–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-511-2008.
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Abstract. Resilience is a fundamental concept for understanding vegetation as a dynamic component of the climate system. It expresses the ability of ecosystems to tolerate disturbances and to recover their initial state. Recovery times are basic parameters of the vegetation's response to forcing and, therefore, are essential for describing realistic vegetation within dynamical models. Healthy vegetation tends to rapidly recover from shock and to persist in growth and expansion. On the contrary, climatic and anthropic stress can reduce resilience thus favouring persistent decrease in vegetation activity. In order to characterize resilience, we analyzed the time series 1982–2003 of 8 km GIMMS AVHRR-NDVI maps of the Italian territory. Persistence probability of negative and positive trends was estimated according to the vegetation cover class, altitude, and climate. Generally, mean recovery times from negative trends were shorter than those estimated for positive trends, as expected for vegetation of healthy status. Some signatures of inefficient resilience were found in high-level mountainous areas and in the Mediterranean sub-tropical ones. This analysis was refined by aggregating pixels according to phenology. This multitemporal clustering synthesized information on vegetation cover, climate, and orography rather well. The consequent persistence estimations confirmed and detailed hints obtained from the previous analyses. Under the same climatic regime, different vegetation resilience levels were found. In particular, within the Mediterranean sub-tropical climate, clustering was able to identify features with different persistence levels in areas that are liable to different levels of anthropic pressure. Moreover, it was capable of enhancing reduced vegetation resilience also in the southern areas under Warm Temperate sub-continental climate. The general consistency of the obtained results showed that, with the help of suited analysis methodologies, 8 km AVHRR-NDVI data could be useful for capturing details on vegetation cover activity at local scale even in complex territories such as that of the Italian peninsula.
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Simoniello, T., M. Lanfredi, M. Liberti, R. Coppola, and M. Macchiato. "Estimation of vegetation cover resilience from satellite time series." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 30, 2008): 1053–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1053-2008.
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Abstract. Resilience is a fundamental concept for understanding vegetation as a dynamic component of the climate system. It expresses the ability of ecosystems to tolerate disturbances and to recover their initial state. Recovery times are basic parameters of the vegetation's response to forcing and, therefore, are essential for describing realistic vegetation within dynamical models. Healthy vegetation tends to rapidly recover from shock and to persist in growth and expansion. On the contrary, climatic and anthropic stress can reduce resilience thus favouring persistent decrease in vegetation activity. In order to characterize resilience, we analyzed the time series 1982–2003 of 8 km GIMMS AVHRR-NDVI maps of the Italian territory. Persistence probability of negative and positive trends was estimated according to the vegetation cover class, altitude, and climate. Generally, mean recovery times from negative trends were shorter than those estimated for positive trends, as expected for vegetation of healthy status. Some signatures of inefficient resilience were found in high-level mountainous areas and in the Mediterranean sub-tropical ones. This analysis was refined by aggregating pixels according to phenology. This multitemporal clustering synthesized information on vegetation cover, climate, and orography rather well. The consequent persistence estimations confirmed and detailed hints obtained from the previous analyses. Under the same climatic regime, different vegetation resilience levels were found. In particular, within the Mediterranean sub-tropical climate, clustering was able to identify features with different persistence levels in areas that are liable to different levels of anthropic pressure. Moreover, it was capable of enhancing reduced vegetation resilience also in the southern areas under Warm Temperate sub-continental climate. The general consistency of the obtained results showed that, with the help of suited analysis methodologies, 8 km AVHRR-NDVI data could be useful for capturing details on vegetation cover activity at local scale even in complex territories such as that of the Italian peninsula.
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Filin, S., V. Rogalin, and I. Kaplunov. "Creation of aerosolized detergent compositions for protecting high-precision metal mirrors from the impact of adverse climate factors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2052, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2052/1/012012.
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Abstract This article is devoted to creation of aerosolized detergent compositions, needful for use during operation of high-precision metal mirrors, as a rule, in field conditions. The created detergent compositions with inhibitory properties allow, simultaneously with carrying out the process of physicochemical cleaning of optical surface from technological impurities, to ensure its protection from the influence of adverse climatic factors during storage, transportation, installation and exploitation of the element with the possibility of its alignment. The high climatic resilience of the protective films investigated in this article, which are formed during the cleaning of the optical surface, is shown. In this case, the optical characteristics of the processed elements after climatic tests do not get worse.
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Imani, Moslem, Shang-Lien Lo, Hoda Fakour, Chung-Yen Kuo, and Shariat Mobasser. "Conceptual Framework for Disaster Management in Coastal Cities Using Climate Change Resilience and Coping Ability." Atmosphere 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010016.
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Global warming and environmental changes have resulted in more frequent and extreme weather events, as well as larger-scale disasters around the world. This study presents a disaster risk analysis in Taiwan coastal area using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) and examines the strategies adopted by the coastal residents of Taiwan, through a new concept of “copability” analysis. Based on the results, the majority of the coastal regions fall under the medium-to-low resilient category with the south-western and northern coast of Taiwan as the most high-risk regions posing a high risk to millions of people facing climatic disasters in the future. The coping mechanisms used by local residents are also influenced by the socioeconomic status of the decision-makers as well as the synchronization of disasters. Based on the findings, a 4R management package is developed in which the copability and resilience management strategy are squeezed into four main sectors of resource, reason, roadmap, and respond to work towards a more coordinated management and use of natural resources across sectors and scales. It is advised that all governmental, private, and community actors implement coherent climate risk management measures, accompanied by mitigation initiatives, in order to establish a sustainable level of climate resilience in cities.
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Rodríguez-Ramírez, Ernesto C., Doris B. Crispín-DelaCruz, Ginette Ticse-Otarola, and Edilson J. Requena-Rojas. "Assessing the Hydric Deficit on Two Polylepis Species from the Peruvian Andean Mountains: Xylem Vessel Anatomic Adjusting." Forests 13, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050633.
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The impact of drought on vessel architecture and function has been broadly assessed for a variety of tree species in the last decades, but the hydraulic plasticity under temperature increase has scarcely been studied. The effect of drought on tree-ring width and specific hydraulic conductivity depends on relict-tree species resilience to climatic adaptability and its wood anatomical responses to climatic oscillations. We assessed the vessel architecture adaptation of two threatened Peruvian Andean Polylepis species (P. rodolfo-vasquezii and P. tarapacana). We found that historical Peruvian drought years differentially affected Polylepis species, where P. rodolfo-vasquezii showed vessel anatomical features significantly sensitive to drought events when contrasted with P. tarapacana. The drought effect influenced the capacity of Polylepis species to adjust the tree-ring width and vessel anatomical traits of their hydraulic system. Our results suggest that drought events influence Polylepis species’ adaptability and resilience to dry periods and could also restrict them from remaining as a part of the Peruvian Andean puna and mountain ecosystems.
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Wilby, Robert L. "Resilience Viewed through the Lens of Climate Change and Water Management." Water 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 2510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092510.
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Resilience is not a new idea but there has been an upsurge in efforts to operationalize the concept within water management. This review begins with a synopsis of related themes around persistent and emerging pressures on freshwaters; environmental thresholds (or tipping points); ‘safe’ operating conditions; multiple stable states; regime shifts. A case is made for viewing and managing the resilience of water systems at nested scales. Indicators are needed to track evolving climate risks as well as to measure socio-ecological responses. Catchment properties can identify those river systems that are more or less likely to return to a pre-disturbance state; resilience further depends on institutional and social landscapes. Ideally, allied notions of resistance and reliability are applied alongside resilience to broaden the portfolio of adaptation measures. Water managers would also benefit from more consistent use of resilience terminology; incentives to build back better after catastrophes; strategic monitoring of incipient threats and tipping points; availability of long-term adaptation indicators; coordinated efforts to reduce non-climatic pressures on freshwaters (especially in headwaters); evidence-based, practical guidance on adaptation measures that build resilience.
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Ismail, Sharif A., Sadie Bell, Zaid Chalabi, Fouad M. Fouad, Reinhard Mechler, Andrada Tomoaia-Cotisel, Karl Blanchet, and Josephine Borghi. "Conceptualising and assessing health system resilience to shocks: a cross-disciplinary view." Wellcome Open Research 7 (May 13, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17834.1.
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Health systems worldwide face major challenges in anticipating, planning for and responding to shocks from infectious disease epidemics, armed conflict, climatic and other crises. Although the literature on health system resilience has grown substantially in recent years, major uncertainties remain concerning approaches to resilience conceptualisation and measurement. This narrative review revisits literatures from a range of fields outside health to identify lessons relevant to health systems. Four key insights emerge. Firstly, shocks can only be understood by clarifying how, where and over what timescale they interact with a system of interest, and the dynamic effects they produce within it. Shock effects are contingent on historical path-dependencies, and on the presence of factors or system pathways (e.g. financing models, health workforce capabilities or supply chain designs) that may amplify or dampen impact in unexpected ways. Secondly, shocks often produce cascading effects across multiple scales, whereas the focus of much of the health resilience literature has been on macro-level, national systems. In reality, health systems bring together interconnected sub-systems across sectors and geographies, with different components, behaviours and sometimes even objectives – all influencing how a system responds to a shock. Thirdly, transformability is an integral feature of resilient social systems: cross-scale interactions help explain how systems can show both resilience and transformational capability at the same time. We illustrate these first three findings by extending the socioecological concept of adaptive cycles in social systems to health, using the example of maternal and child health service delivery. Finally, we argue that dynamic modelling approaches, under-utilised in research on health system resilience to date, have significant promise for identification of shock-moderating or shock-amplifying pathways, for understanding effects at multiple levels and ultimately for building resilience.
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Canale, CI, and PY Henry. "Adaptive phenotypic plasticity and resilience of vertebrates to increasing climatic unpredictability." Climate Research 43, no. 1 (August 5, 2010): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr00897.
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Hung, Hung-Chih, Ching-Yi Yang, Chang-Yi Chien, and Yi-Chung Liu. "Building resilience: Mainstreaming community participation into integrated assessment of resilience to climatic hazards in metropolitan land use management." Land Use Policy 50 (January 2016): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.08.029.
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Sibrian, Ricardo, Marco d’Errico, Patricia Palma de Fulladolsa, and Flavia Benedetti-Michelangeli. "Household Resilience to Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Central America and the Caribbean." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 9086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169086.
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Latin American and Caribbean countries, affected mainly by extreme climatic events, are heterogeneous in farming practices and the relevance of critical determinants of resilience. This paper fills the knowledge gap and informs on the application of the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis version II (RIMA-II) for Resilience on Food and Nutrition Security (RFNS) indicators in five vulnerable countries in Central America and the Caribbean: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic. Already-collected information on food consumption and social and economic dimensions, depicting key determinants or “pillars” as defined by RIMA-II methodology, is the basis for developing several models on RFNS. These findings are baselines for subnational territories and country-specific inputs for monitoring and enhancing Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) indicators. This paper fills three critical gaps in the literature on resilience. It presents cross-country data-driven evidence, highlighting consistencies and discrepancies by analyzing data on otherwise unexplored Latin American and Caribbean countries. It suggests the country-specific approach of resilience measurement for heterogeneous contexts. In addition, it provides policy indications to support the role of farm diversification in promoting household resilience.
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Garzón, Andrea Fernández, Laura Patricia Perdomo Rivas, and Lizeth Manuela Avellaneda Torres. "Effect of management (ecological and conventional) on functional groups of soil microorganisms in coffee agroecosystems with different resilience to climate variability, Colombia." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 42 (May 19, 2020): e48620. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v42i1.48620.
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The effect of management (ecological and conventional) on functional groups of microorganisms of soil in agroecosystems with different resilience scores reported to climate variability in Anolaima, Colombia was evaluated. Were found clustering associated with management and cellulolytic bacteria and fungi abundances. No differences found in diversity of phosphate solubilizing or nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, related to management. The diversity of microbial functional groups was affected by the climatic condition of sampling season. Management was relevant in relationships between resilience scores to climate variability and cellulolytic microorganisms; in ecological agroecosystems, biodiversity knowledge, agroecological main structure, and the participation of farmers in organizations were important
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Lassa, Jonatan A. "Negotiating Institutional Pathways for Sustaining Climate Change Resilience and Risk Governance in Indonesia." Climate 7, no. 8 (July 30, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7080095.
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Institutions matter because they are instrumental in systematically adapting to global climate change, reducing disaster risks, and building resilience. Without institutionalised action, adapting to climatic change remains ad-hoc. Using exploratory research design and longitudinal observations, this research investigates how urban stakeholders and policy entrepreneurs negotiate institutional architecture and pathways for sustaining climate change adaptation and resilience implementation. This paper introduces hybrid institutionalism as a framework to understand how city administrators, local policy makers, and policy advocates navigate complex institutional landscapes that are characterised by volatility and uncertainties. Grounded in the experience from a recent experiment in Indonesia, this research suggests that institutionalisation of adaptation and resilience agenda involves different forms of institutionalisation and institutionalism through time. Future continuity of adaptation to climate change action depends on the dynamic nature of the institutionalism that leads to uncertainty in mainstreaming risk reduction. However, this research found that pathway-dependency theory emerges as a better predictor for institutionalising climate change adaptation and resilience in Indonesia.
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Defo, M., and M. Lacasse. "Resilience of Canadian residential brick veneer wall construction to climate change." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 022019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022019.
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Abstract Canada employs a prescriptive-based code for residential buildings. The minimum requirements as prescribed in the 2015 National Building Code were developed based on historical climate which was assumed static. It is now evident that the climate is changing and it is anticipated that wind-driven rain events will be more frequent, of longer duration and of increased intensity. These changes may affect the durability of wall assemblies designed following the minimum requirements set in the building code. In this study, the moisture performance of residential wood-framed walls using brick veneer as cladding and meeting the minimum requirements of the National Building Code were evaluated for different climatic regions of Canada. Various types of brick veneer were evaluated using hygrothermal simulations and projected future climate loads. The mold growth index on the sheathing panel was used as performance indicator. Results showed that the future moisture performance of brick veneer walls depends on the brick properties and varies with climatic region. In particular, for brick veneer having relatively high water absorption coefficient and lower vapor permeability, there may be a heightened risk to mold growth in the future if used in locations on the east and west coasts of Canada. As consequence, the minimum requirements for brick veneer walls may need to be reviewed in these locations to ensure their long-term performance.
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Ratna, Fatema Sultana, Md Enamul Hoque, Prabal Barua, and Md Rejuanul Haque. "TRENDS OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS AND RESILIENCE PRACTICES OF CLIMATE DISPLACED PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN COAST OF BANGLADESH." Earth Science Malaysia 6, no. 2 (2022): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2022.119.129.
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Climate change is an extremely crucial issue in Bangladesh and is affecting people displacement in Bangladesh both sudden and gradual environmental change. To conduct the study, both the qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted, the primary data are collected through participant observation, key informant interview (KII), Focus group discussion and Questionnaire methods. In total, 120 questionnaires were operated in 3 unions. In addition, estimate of Displacement hazard impact analysis, weight analysis, and effective adaptation analysis with various Ranking. The study prescribed 14 adaptation policies for resolving climate displacement problem, in which Incorporate climate Change in long term planning, Grass plantation, Multi crops cultivation in a land Promote awareness, Embankment construction, Salt production Using deep tube-well for pure drinking water, Livelihood skill development are highly effective adaptation policies. This study will help for resolving the displacement problem and overall adaptation goals.