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Journal articles on the topic 'Climatic change'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Hare, Robert M. "Climactic climatic change." Medical Journal of Australia 184, no. 11 (December 8, 2005): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00368.x.

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2

Tabor, Lisa, and John Harrington. "Teaching about Local Climates, Global Climate, and Climatic Change." Journal of Geography 122, no. 6 (November 2, 2023): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2023.2284390.

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3

Davies, T. D. "Climatic change." Science and Public Policy 14, no. 3 (June 1987): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/spp/14.3.171.

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4

Parry, Martin, Timothy Carter, and Nicolaas Konijn. "Climatic Change." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 27, no. 1 (February 1985): 4–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1985.9930810.

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5

Oriangi, George, Yazidhi Bamutaze, Paul Isolo Mukwaya, and Edekebon Elaijah. "Medium Term Climate Change Effects on Millet Yields in Gulu District, Northern Uganda." African Journal of Climate Change and Resource Sustainability 3, no. 1 (May 12, 2024): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ajccrs.3.1.1919.

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Climate change is expected to adversely affect crop yields and livelihoods of agro-dependent societies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there remain gaps on the effects of expected regional climatic changes on key food security crops. This study assessed the projected climatic conditions and expected changes in millet yields for Paicho Sub County (S/C) in Gulu District up to the year 2033 using a cross sectional study design. To determine future climatic conditions, PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) model was used based on projected conditions at a 50 km spatial resolution while millet yields were modelled using Penman Grindley soil moisture balance model. PRECIS projected changes for 2033 reveal a strong and significant decrease in rainfall (p< 0.05). This is likely to decrease millet yields by 2.6% below the average current yields of 1.8 tons per hectare per year under business-as-usual scenario. The finding indicates a need for improved millet varieties that can survive under changed climatic conditions
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6

Elsen, Paul R., William B. Monahan, Eric R. Dougherty, and Adina M. Merenlender. "Keeping pace with climate change in global terrestrial protected areas." Science Advances 6, no. 25 (June 2020): eaay0814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay0814.

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Protected areas (PAs) are essential to biodiversity conservation, but their static boundaries may undermine their potential for protecting species under climate change. We assessed how the climatic conditions within global terrestrial PAs may change over time. By 2070, protection is expected to decline in cold and warm climates and increase in cool and hot climates over a wide range of precipitation. Most countries are expected to fail to protect >90% of their available climate at current levels. The evenness of climatic representation under protection—not the amount of area protected—positively influenced the retention of climatic conditions under protection. On average, protection retention would increase by ~118% if countries doubled their climatic representativeness under protection or by ~102% if countries collectively reduced emissions in accordance with global targets. Therefore, alongside adoption of mitigation policies, adaptation policies that improve the complementarity of climatic conditions within PAs will help countries safeguard biodiversity.
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7

Kovács-Láng, E., Gy Kröel-Dulay, M. Kertész, G. Fekete, S. Bartha, J. Mika, I. Dobi-Wantuch, T. Rédei, K. Rajkai, and I. Hahn. "Changes in the composition of sand grasslands along a climatic gradient in Hungary and implications for climate change." Phytocoenologia 30, no. 3-4 (November 24, 2000): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/30/2000/385.

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8

Cang, F. Alice, Ashley A. Wilson, and John J. Wiens. "Climate change is projected to outpace rates of niche change in grasses." Biology Letters 12, no. 9 (September 2016): 20160368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0368.

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Climate change may soon threaten much of global biodiversity, especially if species cannot adapt to changing climatic conditions quickly enough. A critical question is how quickly climatic niches change, and if this speed is sufficient to prevent extinction as climates warm. Here, we address this question in the grass family (Poaceae). Grasses are fundamental to one of Earth's most widespread biomes (grasslands), and provide roughly half of all calories consumed by humans (including wheat, rice, corn and sorghum). We estimate rates of climatic niche change in 236 species and compare these with rates of projected climate change by 2070. Our results show that projected climate change is consistently faster than rates of niche change in grasses, typically by more than 5000-fold for temperature-related variables. Although these results do not show directly what will happen under global warming, they have troubling implications for a major biome and for human food resources.
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9

Barcellos, Afonso Lopes, Renata Da Silva Pereira Saccol, Nathalia Leal Carvalho, and Luana Filippin Rosa. "A simple reflection on climate change." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 23 (June 1, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117034387.

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In order to discuss climate change and our role, this literature review was developed. The term climate change, climate change or climate change refers to global-scale climate change or Earth's regional climates over time. These variations refer to changes in temperature, precipitation, cloudiness and other climatic phenomena in relation to historical averages. Such variations can alter climatic characteristics in a way to change their didactic classification. These changes can be caused by processes internal to the Earth-atmosphere system, by external forces, or by the result of human activity. Therefore, it is understood that climate change can be either an effect of natural processes or arising from human action and so one should keep in mind what kind of climate change is being referred to.
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10

Perry, John S. "Climatic Change:Getting Serious About Climatic Change." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 27, no. 10 (December 1985): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1985.9931314.

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11

Bryson, Reid A. "Civilization and Rapid Climatic Change." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 1 (1988): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002840x.

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Research over the past century has shown that the rates and magnitudes of climatic change constitute a continuum. Changes have now been identified in the climatic record that range in duration from interannual through decades and centuries to the multi-millennial time-scale. Examples range from the drought years of the 1930 and 1970 decades to the ponderous comings and goings of the ice-ages. More recently it has become clear that some changes can be quite rapid. In recent decades great progress has been made in identifying the causes of climatic variation.The present understanding of the causes of climatic change emphasizes continental drift (or ‘plate tectonics’) at the million-years' scale, with pulses of plate movement producing significant bursts of volcanic activity that may act on the millennial or century scale. At the multi-millennial scale there is growing agreement that the variations in irradiance of the Earth, resulting from slow changes in the Sun-Earth geometry (the so-called Milankovitch variations), exercise the operative control on the timing of ice-ages and interglacials. At the decadal and interannual scales there is less agreement; but there is at least a body of research which suggests that significant volcanic activity is a contributing factor. There is considerable agreement—but little direct evidence—that anthropogenic causes such as increased carbon dioxide and other Man-made or-enhanced trace gases in the atmosphere, will be important in the coming decades.Cultural responses might be expected to differ across this continuum. To assess the expected response to a climatic variation, one must know at least the shape of the response surface.There is probably a critical threshold combination of climatic change magnitude and duration. Human cultures seem to be adapted to frequently-occurring short ‘aberrations’ from the expected climate. Some evidence indicates, on the other hand, that relatively small changes of climates (of the order of a century in duration) have been associated over the past 8,000 years with cultural changes that proved large enough to lead to different names being assigned in perhaps half of the cultural termini identified. A climate model which includes the effect of volcanic aerosols, suggests that most of the climatic changes associated with these globally synchronous cultural termini are related to peaks of volcanic activity. Some apparently catastrophic events have been recognized in this connection.There remains the problem of assessing, in realistic terms, the impact of large-magnitude climatic variations on modern human societies. Of particular concern is the effect of climatic events associated with very large-scale short-term insertions of aerosols into the atmosphere. It is likely that non-equilibrium models of the atmosphere, with specified sea-surface temperatures, would give realistic results if refined to the degree that they could replicate events of lesser magnitude which have occurred in the past century. At present there appear to be no models in which the formulation of the radiative effect of aerosols or gases gives a good match with observed radiative effects. It seems that much more research, including field experiments, will be needed if science is to supply reliable advice to society on the nature of coming climatic changes.
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12

Jäger, Jill. "Anticipating Climatic Change." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 30, no. 7 (September 1988): 12–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1988.9930899.

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13

Green, David. "Adverse climatic change." International Journal of Environmental Studies 77, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2020.1745551.

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14

Houghton, Richard A., and George M. Woodwell. "Global Climatic Change." Scientific American 260, no. 4 (April 1989): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0489-36.

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15

Tabai, Ieremia. "Global climatic change." Marine Policy 18, no. 2 (March 1994): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(94)90025-6.

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16

Hardy, Steve, and Werner Gaiser. "Forming Climatic Change." Architectural Design 77, no. 6 (2007): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.593.

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17

Griesbauer, Hardy P., and D. Scott Green. "Regional and ecological patterns in interior Douglas-fir climate–growth relationships in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 2 (February 2010): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-197.

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How climate change will affect tree growth across species’ geographic and climatic ranges remains a critical knowledge gap. Tree-ring data were analyzed from 33 interior Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) stands spanning wide geographic and climatic conditions in the interior of British Columbia to gain insights into how within-species growth responses to climate can vary based on local environmental conditions over a broad climatic and geographic range, including populations growing at the species’ range and climatic margins. Populations growing in relatively warm and dry climates had growth patterns correlated mostly with annual precipitation, whereas populations growing in high-elevation wet and cold climates had growth patterns correlated with snowfall, winter and annual temperatures, and ocean–atmosphere climate systems. Populations growing at climatic extremes (e.g., coldest, driest, warmest) in each study region had the strongest responses to climate. Projected climate change may negatively influence Douglas-fir productivity across most of its range, and populations growing near the species’ climatic limits may provide early and strong indications of future responses.
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18

Riebsame, William E. "Climate hazards, climatic change and development planning." Land Use Policy 8, no. 4 (October 1991): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(91)90019-f.

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19

Toprak, Z. Fuat, Nizamettin Hamidi, Şahin Toprak, and Zekâi Şen. "Climatic identity assessment of the climate change." International Journal of Global Warming 5, no. 1 (2013): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgw.2013.051480.

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20

Wigley, T. M. L., and S. C. B. Raper. "Climatic change due to solar irradiance changes." Geophysical Research Letters 17, no. 12 (November 1990): 2169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl017i012p02169.

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21

Ruget, F., J. C. Moreau, M. Ferrand, S. Poisson, P. Gate, B. Lacroix, J. Lorgeou, E. Cloppet, and F. Souverain. "Describing the possible climate changes in France and some examples of their effects on main crops used in livestock systems." Advances in Science and Research 4, no. 1 (August 2, 2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-4-99-2010.

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Abstract. The effects of climate change on forage and crop production are an important question for the farmers and more largely for the food security in the world. Estimating the effect of climate change on agricultural production needs the use of two types of tools: a model to estimate changes in national or local climates and an other model using climatic data to estimate the effects on vegetation. In this paper, we will mainly present the effects of climate change on climatic features, the variability of criteria influencing crop production in various regions of France and some possible effects on crops.
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22

Singh, Sanjay, Dr Sushma Kumari, and Dr Ravinder Singh. "UN CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND OUR NATIONAL PLAN FOR CLIMATIC CHANGES." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v08i01.006.

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Paper highlights the contemporary issues of climatic change and its serious global environmental concern. It is primarily caused by the building up of Green House Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The global increases in carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) are primarily due to fossil fuel use and due to agriculture land use change yielding the methane and nitrous oxide. Global Warming is a specific example of the broader term “Climate Change”. It also discuss the scientific studies about UN framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC), conferences of parties (CoP) on climate change, our national action plan on climatic changes, eight national missions and in last the impacts of climate change on India and implementation of our national missions of NPA.
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23

Hunt, B. G., and T. I. Elliott. "Interaction of climatic variability with climatic change." Atmosphere-Ocean 42, no. 3 (September 2004): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3137/ao.420301.

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24

Сhirаnjeeb, Kumаr. "Effect of Climatic Change on Soil Microbial Community." Emerging Trends in Climate Change 1, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.106.

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Climate change is the most severe problem that adversely affects crop productivity and negatively impacts soil microbial biodiversity, which is considered the key component of soil fertility indicators. Microbial biodiversity regulates all necessary functions to strengthen and maintain the stability of the ecosystem. Climate change primarily affects the crop microclimate, which in turn destroys the ecological balance and disrupts the ideal growth conditions for the crops and hampers the proliferation of microorganisms in the environment, thus decreasing crop production over a particular region. Climate change conditions such as higher temperature, rainfall and other abrupt conditions destroy the equilibrium between microbes, plants and the environment to a large extent, altering the plant-microbe interactions. Higher Carbon dioxide concentration favours the crop in photosynthesis and helps achieve higher productivity. Microbial respiration also enhances the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and other potentially hazardous conditions. Mitigation strategies on crop, soil and land management measures are important to counteract the negative impact of climate change.
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25

Brizuela-Torres, Diego, Raymundo Villavicencio-García, José Ariel Ruiz-Corral, and Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo. "Effects of climate change on the potential distribution of a dominant, widely distributed oak species, Quercus candicans, in Mexico." Atmósfera 37 (May 12, 2023): 455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/atm.53182.

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Mexican temperate forests are among the most biodiverse in the world. At present, they face anthropogenic pressures and climatic changes. Quercus candicans is a canopy-dominant, widely distributed species common in the moist habitats of these ecosystems. Its ecological importance, habitat vulnerability, and wide distribution make it a useful model of the vulnerability of Mexican tree forest species to climate change. We used ecological niche modeling to estimate future climatic suitability for this species and its potential range shifts under two emissions scenarios and three-time frames. We also identified areas where novel climates could arise and where predictions should be interpreted cautiously. Additionally, we analyzed how climatic suitability could change across the national protected areas system. In both emissions scenarios, areas with suitable climatic conditions were predicted to experience a net reduction of more than 40% by 2070. This corresponds to more than 100 000 km2 becoming climatically unsuitable. In the national protected areas, we forecast a contraction of approximately 30%. Climatic novelty increased considerably in the higher emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), accounting for 10% of the Mexican temperate mountains, compared to 1% on RCP 4.5. Areas of expansion of suitability not intersected by novel climates occur in areas highly affected by land-use change and other anthropogenic pressures. Effective protection of temperate forests’ tree species such as Q. candicans would need to allow migrations across altitudinal gradients, as areas of stability and expansion of climatic suitability are forecasted to occur at higher altitude sections of mountain ranges.
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26

Khourchid, Ammar M., Salah Basem Ajjur, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. "Building Cooling Requirements under Climate Change Scenarios: Impact, Mitigation Strategies, and Future Directions." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101519.

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Climate change affects building cooling demand; however, little has been done to explore this effect and show its variability in different climatic zones. This review organizes and summarizes studies which have simulated the impact of climate change on building cooling requirements, and critically analyzes the effectiveness of the mitigation strategies proposed by these studies to alleviate this impact. The review methodology selected studies that reported cooling demand and discussed mitigation strategies in future climates. The studies were then grouped based on their climate zone and impact period. Analysis showed that climate change will increase building cooling demand in all climatic zones, with the greatest increase occurring in temperate and cold climatic zones. By the middle of the 21st century (2040–2080), the average increase in building cooling demand is expected to reach 33%, 89%, 288% and 376%, in tropical, arid, cold, and temperate climates, respectively. These numbers are expected to increase during the end of the 21st century (2080–2100) to 55%, 302%, 734%, and 1020%, for tropical, arid, cold, and temperate climates, respectively. Some mitigation strategies (e.g., thermal insulation, solar shading) showed a potential to reduce the increase in building cooling demand; however, the reduction varied depending on the strategy and climatic zone. Further research is required to determine if existing cooling systems can handle the future increase in cooling requirements.
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27

Khaliq, Imran, Christian Hof, Roland Prinzinger, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, and Markus Pfenninger. "Global variation in thermal tolerances and vulnerability of endotherms to climate change." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1789 (August 22, 2014): 20141097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1097.

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The relationships among species' physiological capacities and the geographical variation of ambient climate are of key importance to understanding the distribution of life on the Earth. Furthermore, predictions of how species will respond to climate change will profit from the explicit consideration of their physiological tolerances. The climatic variability hypothesis, which predicts that climatic tolerances are broader in more variable climates, provides an analytical framework for studying these relationships between physiology and biogeography. However, direct empirical support for the hypothesis is mostly lacking for endotherms, and few studies have tried to integrate physiological data into assessments of species' climatic vulnerability at the global scale. Here, we test the climatic variability hypothesis for endotherms, with a comprehensive dataset on thermal tolerances derived from physiological experiments, and use these data to assess the vulnerability of species to projected climate change. We find the expected relationship between thermal tolerance and ambient climatic variability in birds, but not in mammals—a contrast possibly resulting from different adaptation strategies to ambient climate via behaviour, morphology or physiology. We show that currently most of the species are experiencing ambient temperatures well within their tolerance limits and that in the future many species may be able to tolerate projected temperature increases across significant proportions of their distributions. However, our findings also underline the high vulnerability of tropical regions to changes in temperature and other threats of anthropogenic global changes. Our study demonstrates that a better understanding of the interplay among species' physiology and the geography of climate change will advance assessments of species' vulnerability to climate change.
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28

Mohammad Reza, Khaleghi. "Application of dendroclimatology in evaluation of climatic changes." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 3 (March 28, 2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2017-jfs.

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The present study tends to describe the survey of climatic changes in the case of the Bojnourd region of North Khorasan, Iran. Climate change due to a fragile ecosystem in semi-arid and arid regions such as Iran is one of the most challenging climatological and hydrological problems. Dendrochronology, which uses tree rings to their exact year of formation to analyse temporal and spatial patterns of processes in the physical and cultural sciences, can be used to evaluate the effects of climate change. In this study, the effects of climate change were simulated using dendrochronology (tree rings) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for the period from 1800 to 2015. The present study was executed using the Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Meyer. Tree-ring width, temperature, and precipitation were the input parameters for the study, and climate change parameters were the outputs. After the training process, the model was verified. The verified network and tree rings were used to simulate climatic parameter changes during the past times. The results showed that the integration of dendroclimatology and an ANN renders a high degree of accuracy and efficiency in the simulation of climate change. The results showed that in the last two centuries, the climate of the study area changed from semiarid to arid, and its annual precipitation decreased significantly.
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29

SARKER, RP, and V. THAPLIYAL. "CLIMATIC CHANGE AND VARIABILITY." MAUSAM 39, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v39i2.3512.

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30

Idso, Sherwood B. "CO2 and Climatic Change." BioScience 38, no. 7 (July 1988): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310944.

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31

TAKAHASHI, Koichiro. "Climatic change and society." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 99, no. 3 (1990): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.99.3_209.

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32

Smith, R. "Doctors and climatic change." BMJ 309, no. 6966 (November 26, 1994): 1384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6966.1384.

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33

Schneider, Stephen H. "Climatic change has stabilized." Climatic Change 23, no. 1 (January 1993): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01092677.

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34

Engström, Gustav. "Structural and climatic change." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 37 (June 2016): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2015.11.007.

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35

Muñoz-López, F. "Climatic change and asthma." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 35, no. 2 (March 2007): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13101336.

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36

Skaggs, Richard H. "Persistence and Climatic Change." Geographical Analysis 12, no. 2 (September 3, 2010): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1980.tb00028.x.

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37

Wilkinson, Michael James. "Pollen and climatic change." Aerobiologia 5, no. 1 (June 1989): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02446482.

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38

Heintzenberg, J. "Aerosols and climatic change." Journal of Aerosol Science 26 (September 1995): S1—S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(95)96908-p.

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39

Huntley, Brian. "Climatic change and reconstruction." Journal of Quaternary Science 14, no. 6 (October 1999): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1417(199910)14:6<513::aid-jqs486>3.0.co;2-e.

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40

Frank, Hartmut. "Climatic change: Professional indifference?" Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15, no. 12 (December 1992): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240151202.

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41

Wheeler, D. A. "CLIMATIC CHANGE IN SUNDERLAND?" Weather 45, no. 6 (June 1990): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1990.tb05624.x.

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42

Shim, Kyo-Moon, Gun-Yeob Kim, Kee-An Roh, Hyun-Cheol Jeong, and Deog-Bae Lee. "Evaluation of Agro-Climatic Indices under Climate Change." Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2008): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5532/kjafm.2008.10.4.113.

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43

Palmer, Georgina, Philip J. Platts, Tom Brereton, Jason W. Chapman, Calvin Dytham, Richard Fox, James W. Pearce-Higgins, David B. Roy, Jane K. Hill, and Chris D. Thomas. "Climate change, climatic variation and extreme biological responses." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1723 (May 8, 2017): 20160144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0144.

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Extreme climatic events could be major drivers of biodiversity change, but it is unclear whether extreme biological changes are (i) individualistic (species- or group-specific), (ii) commonly associated with unusual climatic events and/or (iii) important determinants of long-term population trends. Using population time series for 238 widespread species (207 Lepidoptera and 31 birds) in England since 1968, we found that population ‘crashes’ (outliers in terms of species' year-to-year population changes) were 46% more frequent than population ‘explosions’. (i) Every year, at least three species experienced extreme changes in population size, and in 41 of the 44 years considered, some species experienced population crashes while others simultaneously experienced population explosions. This suggests that, even within the same broad taxonomic groups, species are exhibiting individualistic dynamics, most probably driven by their responses to different, short-term events associated with climatic variability. (ii) Six out of 44 years showed a significant excess of species experiencing extreme population changes (5 years for Lepidoptera, 1 for birds). These ‘consensus years’ were associated with climatically extreme years, consistent with a link between extreme population responses and climatic variability, although not all climatically extreme years generated excess numbers of extreme population responses. (iii) Links between extreme population changes and long-term population trends were absent in Lepidoptera and modest (but significant) in birds. We conclude that extreme biological responses are individualistic, in the sense that the extreme population changes of most species are taking place in different years, and that long-term trends of widespread species have not, to date, been dominated by these extreme changes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events’.
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44

Grove, Matt. "Climatic change and climatic variability: An objective decomposition." Quaternary Science Reviews 271 (November 2021): 107196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107196.

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45

Lewis, Trevor, and Walter Skinner. "Inferring Climate Change from Underground Temperatures: Apparent Climatic Stability and Apparent Climatic Warming." Earth Interactions 7, no. 9 (September 2003): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1087-3562(2003)007<0001:iccfut>2.0.co;2.

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46

Croce, Pietro, Paolo Formichi, and Filippo Landi. "Climate Change: Impacts on Climatic Actions and Structural Reliability." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 5416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245416.

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Climatic loads on structures are commonly defined under the assumption of stationary climate conditions; but, as confirmed by recent studies, they can significantly vary because of climate change effects, with relevant impacts not only for the design of new structures but also for the assessment of the existing ones. In this paper, a general methodology to evaluate the influence of climate change on climatic actions is presented, based on the analysis of observed data series and climate projections. Illustrative results in terms of changes in characteristic values of temperature, precipitation, snow, and wind loads are discussed for Italy and Germany, with reference to different climate models and radiative forcing scenarios. In this way, guidance for potential amendments in the current definition of climatic actions in structural codes is provided. Finally, the influence of climate change on the long-term structural reliability is estimated for a specific case study, showing the potential of the proposed methodology.
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47

Mishra, Ashok K., and Valerian O. Pede. "Perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in Vietnam." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 4 (August 21, 2017): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-01-2017-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to first examine the factors affecting the intra-household perception of climate change. Second, the study investigates the impact of the perception of climatic stress on the operators’ and spouses’ intra-household adaptation strategies (farm and household financial strategies). Design/methodology/approach The study uses household survey data from Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. The study uses probit and negative binomial count data approaches to evaluate the empirical model. Findings Results confirm the existence of intra-household gender differences in the adaptation strategies. The authors found that although spouses perceive climatic stress, they are less likely to adapt to such stresses when it comes farming enterprise, but more likely to adapt to household financial strategies. In contrast, farm operators, in the presence of climatic stresses, undertake both farm and household finance adaptation strategies. Practical implications Investment in climate smart agriculture can help households in managing climatic stresses. Originality/value A farmer in Asia, and Vietnam in particular, faces significant risks from climatic changes. In Vietnam, agriculture is easily affected by natural disasters and climatic changes. This study provides insights into the perception of climatic changes by operators and spouses in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. Perceived changes in the climate have a greater impact on women because they typically lack the necessary tools to adapt to climate change. The current findings could be useful in managing climatic risk in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta and be helpful to policymakers in designing risk management strategies in response to climatic changes.
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48

Gyllenhaal, Eric D. "Reconciling the lithologic and paleobotanic records of climatic change during the Pennsylvanian." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006766.

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Both lithologic and paleobotanic data have been used to construct climatic curves for the Pennsylvanian of the Appalachian Basin (Figure 1). The strengths and weaknesses of each type of evidence must be considered when reconciling these data into a composite curve. (1) The calibrated lithologic curve is based ultimately on the geographic ranges of sediments and soils relative to modern precipitation. Although it provides quantitative estimates of precipitation, the calibrated curve cannot detect minor fluctuations in climate, and time-averaging of range data can lead to an over-estimate of the rate of climatic change. (2) The geochemical model, although uncalibrated, uses essentially the same data as the calibrated curve. It avoids some of the problems of time-averaging by incorporating rough estimates of abundance. Although the long-term curve portrays a uniform climate during the earlier Pennsylvanian, lithologic data may be insensitive to climatic fluctuations in extremely wet climates. (3) The abundance of arborescent lycopods in coal may be a useful climatic indicator through much of the Pennsylvanian, but its usefulness in the Mississippian (before the evolution of non-lycopod swamp trees) and the latest Pennsylvanian (after a major extinction of arborescent lycopods) must be questioned. (4) The abundance of coal resources (as with any other climatic indicator) depends on many factors other than climate. The lack of congruence between the coal abundance curve and the other curves emphasizes the importance of including non-climatic factors in any model that predicts coal resources based on paleoclimate.The composite curve takes its overall shape from the geochemical model, quantifies it using the calibrated curve, and details climatic trends in the wet lower Pennsylvanian based on lycopod abundance data. The major weakness of the composite curve is that it ignores potential variations in seasonality of precipitation.
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Mortey, Eric Mensah, Thompson Annor, Joël Arnault, Maman Maarouhi Inoussa, Saïdou Madougou, Harald Kunstmann, and Emmanuel Kwesi Nyantakyi. "Interactions between Climate and Land Cover Change over West Africa." Land 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020355.

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Climate–land interaction over West Africa has often been assessed using climate simulations, although the model-based approach suffers from the limitations of climate models for the region. In this paper, an alternative method based on the analysis of historical land cover data and standardized climatic indices is used to investigate climate–land interactions, in order to establish climatic conditions and their corresponding land cover area changes. The annual variation in land cover area changes and climatic changes are first estimated separately and then linked using various spatiotemporal scales. The results show that incidences of land cover change result from abrupt changes in climatic conditions. Interannual changes of −1.0–1.0 °C, 0–1.5 °C, and −0.5–0.5 °C, and up to ±50 mm changes in precipitation and climatic water balance, lead to 45,039–52,133 km2, 20,935–22,127 km2, and approximately 32,000 km2 changes, respectively, while a ±0.5 °C and ±20 mm change represents normal climate conditions with changes below 20,000 km2. Conversely, conversions of cropland, forest, grassland, and shrubland are the main land cover change types affecting the climate. The results offer a basis for the re-evaluation of land cover change and climate information used in regional climate models simulating land–climate interactions over West Africa.
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50

Han, Hongzhu, Jianjun Bai, Gao Ma, and Jianwu Yan. "Vegetation Phenological Changes in Multiple Landforms and Responses to Climate Change." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020111.

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Vegetation phenology is highly sensitive to climate change, and the phenological responses of vegetation to climate factors vary over time and space. Research on the vegetation phenology in different climatic regimes will help clarify the key factors affecting vegetation changes. In this paper, based on a time-series reconstruction of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data using the Savitzky–Golay filtering method, the phenology parameters of vegetation were extracted, and the Spatio-temporal changes from 2001 to 2016 were analyzed. Moreover, the response characteristics of the vegetation phenology to climate changes, such as changes in temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours, were discussed. The results showed that the responses of vegetation phenology to climatic factors varied within different climatic regimes and that the Spatio-temporal responses were primarily controlled by the local climatic and topographic conditions. The following were the three key findings. (1) The start of the growing season (SOS) has a regular variation with the latitude, and that in the north is later than that in the south. (2) In arid areas in the north, the SOS is mainly affected by the temperature, and the end of the growing season (EOS) is affected by precipitation, while in humid areas in the south, the SOS is mainly affected by precipitation, and the EOS is affected by the temperature. (3) Human activities play an important role in vegetation phenology changes. These findings would help predict and evaluate the stability of different ecosystems.
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