Journal articles: 'Climate quality evaluation'

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Nightingale, Joanne, Jonathan P. D. Mittaz, Sarah Douglas, Dick Dee, James Ryder, Michael Taylor, Christopher Old, et al. "Ten Priority Science Gaps in Assessing Climate Data Record Quality." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080986.

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Decision makers need accessible robust evidence to introduce new policies to mitigate and adapt to climate change. There is an increasing amount of environmental information available to policy makers concerning observations and trends relating to the climate. However, this data is hosted across a multitude of websites often with inconsistent metadata and sparse information relating to the quality, accuracy and validity of the data. Subsequently, the task of comparing datasets to decide which is the most appropriate for a certain purpose is very complex and often infeasible. In support of the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) mission to provide authoritative information about the past, present and future climate in Europe and the rest of the world, each dataset to be provided through this service must undergo an evaluation of its climate relevance and scientific quality to help with data comparisons. This paper presents the framework for Evaluation and Quality Control (EQC) of climate data products derived from satellite and in situ observations to be catalogued within the C3S Climate Data Store (CDS). The EQC framework will be implemented by C3S as part of their operational quality assurance programme. It builds on past and present international investment in Quality Assurance for Earth Observation initiatives, extensive user requirements gathering exercises, as well as a broad evaluation of over 250 data products and a more in-depth evaluation of a selection of 24 individual data products derived from satellite and in situ observations across the land, ocean and atmosphere Essential Climate Variable (ECV) domains. A prototype Content Management System (CMS) to facilitate the process of collating, evaluating and presenting the quality aspects and status of each data product to data users is also described. The development of the EQC framework has highlighted cross-domain as well as ECV specific science knowledge gaps in relation to addressing the quality of climate data sets derived from satellite and in situ observations. We discuss 10 common priority science knowledge gaps that will require further research investment to ensure all quality aspects of climate data sets can be ascertained and provide users with the range of information necessary to confidently select relevant products for their specific application.

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Alexander, Joachim. "Evaluation of climate and air quality in environmental compatibility tests." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 3, no. 3 (July 11, 1994): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/3/1994/111.

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Menut, Laurent, Om P. Tripathi, Augustin Colette, Robert Vautard, Emmanouil Flaounas, and Bertrand Bessagnet. "Evaluation of regional climate simulations for air quality modelling purposes." Climate Dynamics 40, no. 9-10 (August 28, 2012): 2515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1345-9.

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Turnberg, Wayne, and William Daniell. "Evaluation of a healthcare safety climate measurement tool." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 6 (January 2008): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.09.004.

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Navarro, Andrés, Eduardo García-Ortega, Andrés Merino, and José Luis Sánchez. "Extreme Events of Precipitation over Complex Terrain Derived from Satellite Data for Climate Applications: An Evaluation of the Southern Slopes of the Pyrenees." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132171.

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Estimating extreme precipitation events over complex terrain is challenging but crucial for evaluating the performance of climate models for the present climate and expected changes of the climate in the future. New satellites operating in the microwave wavelengths have started to open new opportunities for performing such estimation at adequate temporal and spatial scales and within sensible error limits. This paper illustrates the feasibility and limits of estimating precipitation extremes from satellite data for climatological applications. Using a high-resolution gauge database as ground truth, it was found that global precipitation measurement (GPM) constellation data can provide valuable estimates of extreme precipitation over the southern slopes of the Pyrenees, a region comprising several climates and a very diverse terrain (a challenge for satellite precipitation algorithms). Validation using an object-based quality measure showed reasonable performance, suggesting that GPM estimates can be advantageous reference data for climate model evaluation.

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Han, Haoshuang, and Rongrong Wan. "Research progress of forest ecological quality assessment methods." Sustainable Forestry 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i2.1606.

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Forests have ecological functions in water conservation, climate regulation, environmental purification, soil and water conservation, biodiversity protection and so on. Carrying out forest ecological quality assessment is of great significance to understand the global carbon cycle, energy cycle and climate change. Based on the introduction of the concept and research methods of forest ecological quality, this paper analyzes and summarizes the evaluation of forest ecological quality from three comprehensive indicators: forest biomass, forest productivity and forest structure. This paper focuses on the construction of evaluation index system, the acquisition of evaluation data and the estimation of key ecological parameters, discusses the main problems existing in the current forest ecological quality evaluation, and looks forward to its development prospects, including the unified standardization of evaluation indexes, high-quality data, the impact of forest living environment, the acquisition of forest level from multi-source remote sensing data, the application of vertical structural parameters and the interaction between forest ecological quality and ecological function.

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Schuck-Zöller, Susanne, Jörg Cortekar, and Daniela Jacob. "Evaluating co-creation of knowledge: from quality criteria and indicators to methods." Advances in Science and Research 14 (November 3, 2017): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-305-2017.

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Abstract. Basic research in the natural sciences rests on a long tradition of evaluation. However, since the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) came out in 2012, there has been intense discussion in the natural sciences, above all amongst researchers and funding agencies in the different fields of applied research and scientific service. This discussion was intensified when climate services and other fields, used to make users participate in research and development activities (co-creation), demanded new evaluation methods appropriate to this new research mode. This paper starts by describing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary literature overview of indicators to evaluate co-creation of knowledge, including the different fields of integrated knowledge production. Then the authors harmonize the different elements of evaluation from literature in an evaluation cascade that scales down from very general evaluation dimensions to tangible assessment methods. They describe evaluation indicators already being documented and include a mixture of different assessment methods for two exemplary criteria. It is shown what can be deduced from already existing methodology for climate services and envisaged how climate services can further to develop their specific evaluation method.

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Pogorzelska-Maziarz, Monika, Ingrid M. Nembhard, Rebecca Schnall, Shanelle Nelson, and Patricia W. Stone. "Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument for Measuring Organizational Climate for Quality." American Journal of Medical Quality 31, no. 5 (July 9, 2016): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860615587322.

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Joseph, Heather A., Evan Mallen, Megan McLaughlin, Elena Grossman, Tisha Joseph Holmes, Autumn Locklear, Emily Powell, et al. "Evaluating public health strategies for climate adaptation: Challenges and opportunities from the climate ready states and cities initiative." PLOS Climate 2, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): e0000102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000102.

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Evaluation generates critical evidence about the effectiveness of health-focused climate adaptation, who receives what benefits, and how to improve program quality. However, using evaluation to improve climate adaptation outcomes with timeliness and context-specificity is uniquely challenging. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supports health departments to implement adaptation initiatives through the Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative (CRSCI) grant and minimize negative health impacts of climate change via the Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) framework, which includes evaluation. In this paper, we present current evaluation practice by describing the health-focused adaptation actions that were evaluated among CRSCI recipients, the evaluation approaches they used, and the barriers and enablers encountered. Using a mixed methods approach, we abstracted annual progress report and standardized performance measure data to characterize evaluation activities across 18 grant recipients using basic quantitative descriptive analysis. Through structured interviews with three grant recipients and standard team-based qualitative coding and analysis techniques, we developed qualitative case studies to explore evaluation barriers and enablers in richer context. Recipients reported 76 evaluations over the reporting period (2018–2021). Evaluated programs commonly addressed extreme weather (50.0%), followed by heat (27.6%). The most common purpose was to monitor implementation or improve delivery (57.9%). Case studies highlighted barriers to successful evaluation such as limited specialized evaluation expertise and staff time. Enablers included staff motivation to justify program expansion, strong relationships with community partners, and use of evaluation plans. Case studies revealed diverse strategies to seek input from stakeholders disproportionately impacted by climate change and to reduce health disparities. The experiences of CDC grant recipients provide an opportunity to better understand the barriers and enablers of climate and health evaluation practice and to identify practical strategies to expand the value of evaluation in this nascent field.

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Braverman, Amy, Snigdhansu Chatterjee, Megan Heyman, and Noel Cressie. "Probabilistic evaluation of competing climate models." Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-3-93-2017.

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Abstract. Climate models produce output over decades or longer at high spatial and temporal resolution. Starting values, boundary conditions, greenhouse gas emissions, and so forth make the climate model an uncertain representation of the climate system. A standard paradigm for assessing the quality of climate model simulations is to compare what these models produce for past and present time periods, to observations of the past and present. Many of these comparisons are based on simple summary statistics called metrics. In this article, we propose an alternative: evaluation of competing climate models through probabilities derived from tests of the hypothesis that climate-model-simulated and observed time sequences share common climate-scale signals. The probabilities are based on the behavior of summary statistics of climate model output and observational data over ensembles of pseudo-realizations. These are obtained by partitioning the original time sequences into signal and noise components, and using a parametric bootstrap to create pseudo-realizations of the noise sequences. The statistics we choose come from working in the space of decorrelated and dimension-reduced wavelet coefficients. Here, we compare monthly sequences of CMIP5 model output of average global near-surface temperature anomalies to similar sequences obtained from the well-known HadCRUT4 data set as an illustration.

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Lim, Hyunjin, Sunkuk Kim, Yonggu Kim, and Seunghyun Son. "Relative Importance Analysis of Safety Climate Evaluation Factors Using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP)." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084212.

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Various studies have confirmed that the increasing quality of safety climate has a positive influence on reducing the occurrence of accidents. The quality of safety climate is comprehensively affected in three domains: management, site, and enterprise. At the company level, it is challenging to manage all areas at a high level due to limited managerial resources. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a strategy that improves the safety climate step by step. For the efficient execution of the strategy, it is necessary to analyze the relative importance of each evaluation factor of the safety climate and allocate managerial resources accordingly. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relative importance of safety climate evaluation factors using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) technique. For this study, AHP questionnaire and analysis are conducted, and the relative priorities of safety climate evaluation factors are derived. As a result, (E) workers’ safety priority and risk non-acceptance is the most important dimension among seven dimensions as the weight is 0.1900. In addition, (E1) compliance with safety regulations, even if the process is tight, is the most important one between items as the weight 0.6663. The results of this study will be used as basic data for institutional improvement and policy making for a high-quality safety climate at construction sites.

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Schoetter, Robert, Peter Hoffmann, Diana Rechid, and K. Heinke Schlünzen. "Evaluation and Bias Correction of Regional Climate Model Results Using Model Evaluation Measures." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 9 (September 2012): 1670–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0161.1.

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AbstractFor the assessment of regional climate change the reliability of the regional climate models needs to be known. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the quality of climate model data that are used for impact research. Temperature, precipitation, total cloud cover, relative humidity, and wind speed simulated by the regional climate models Climate Local Model (CLM) and Regional Model (REMO) are evaluated for the metropolitan region of Hamburg in northern Germany for the period 1961–2000. The same evaluation is performed for the global climate model ECHAM5 that is used to force the regional climate models. The evaluation is based on comparison of the simulated and observed climatological annual cycles and probability density functions of daily averages. Several model evaluation measures are calculated to assure an objective model evaluation. As a very selective model evaluation measure, the hit rate of the percentiles is introduced for the evaluation of daily averages. The influence of interannual climate variability is considered by determining confidence intervals for the model evaluation measures by bootstrap resampling. Evaluation shows that, with some exceptions, temperature and wind speed are well simulated by the climate models; whereas considerable biases are found for relative humidity, total cloud cover, and precipitation, although not for all models in all seasons. It is shown that model evaluation measures can be used to decide for which meteorological parameters a bias correction is reasonable.

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Nightingale, Joanne, Klaas Boersma, Jan-Peter Muller, Steven Compernolle, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Simon Blessing, Ralf Giering, et al. "Quality Assurance Framework Development Based on Six New ECV Data Products to Enhance User Confidence for Climate Applications." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081254.

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Data from Earth observation (EO) satellites are increasingly used to monitor the environment, understand variability and change, inform evaluations of climate model forecasts, and manage natural resources. Policymakers are progressively relying on the information derived from these datasets to make decisions on mitigating and adapting to climate change. These decisions should be evidence based, which requires confidence in derived products, as well as the reference measurements used to calibrate, validate, or inform product development. In support of the European Union’s Earth Observation Programmes Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) project fulfilled a gap in the delivery of climate quality satellite-derived datasets, by prototyping a generic system for the implementation and evaluation of quality assurance (QA) measures for satellite-derived ECV climate data record products. The project demonstrated the QA system on six new long-term, climate quality ECV data records for surface albedo, leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and carbon monoxide (CO). The provision of standardised QA information provides data users with evidence-based confidence in the products and enables judgement on the fitness-for-purpose of various ECV data products and their specific applications.

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Chan, Ya-Ting. "La misura della qualità di vita e dell’utilità in farmacoeconomia: strumenti e loro applicazioni in una rassegna di letteratura." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2002): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v3i4.758.

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In a climate of economic scarcity, decisions about the allocation of healthcare resources need to be made explicit. An economic evaluation is able to identify and quantify the relationship between an input of resources and an output, hence to appreciate the efficiency of the project. One of the recent methodological approaches that has been used increasingly in health economic evaluations is the ‘cost-utility analysis’ (CUA). CUA considers benefits in utility terms and uses a unique index to assess them. We investigated the generic measurements of health related quality of life in the economic evaluation. Different instruments for evaluating quality of life and utility were categorized and briefly introduced. Literatures published in the journal “PharmacoEconomics” in 1997-2001 regarding quality of life and utility were reviewed. We were especially interested in the application of health profile SF-36 and utility measure EQ-5D. Selected articles were further analyzed and some issues concerning the methodologies of quality of life and utility are discussed.

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Sperotto, Anna, Josè Luis Molina, Silvia Torresan, Andrea Critto, Manuel Pulido-Velazquez, and Antonio Marcomini. "Water Quality Sustainability Evaluation under Uncertainty: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Based on Bayesian Networks." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 31, 2019): 4764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174764.

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With increasing evidence of climate change affecting the quality of water resources, there is the need to assess the potential impacts of future climate change scenarios on water systems to ensure their long-term sustainability. The study assesses the uncertainty in the hydrological responses of the Zero river basin (northern Italy) generated by the adoption of an ensemble of climate projections from 10 different combinations of a global climate model (GCM)–regional climate model (RCM) under two emission scenarios (representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5). Bayesian networks (BNs) are used to analyze the projected changes in nutrient loadings (NO3, NH4, PO4) in mid- (2041–2070) and long-term (2071–2100) periods with respect to the baseline (1983–2012). BN outputs show good confidence that, across considered scenarios and periods, nutrient loadings will increase, especially during autumn and winter seasons. Most models agree in projecting a high probability of an increase in nutrient loadings with respect to current conditions. In summer and spring, instead, the large variability between different GCM–RCM results makes it impossible to identify a univocal direction of change. Results suggest that adaptive water resource planning should be based on multi-model ensemble approaches as they are particularly useful for narrowing the spectrum of plausible impacts and uncertainties on water resources.

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Mishra, Devendra Kumar, and Himani Awasthi. "Quality Evaluation of Flaxseed Obtained from Different Locations." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08754.

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The aim of this study is to review the quality of flaxseed obtained from different geographical locations. The review is based on the previous studies which confirm that climatic conditions provide the impact on the plant growth and their quality as well. Geographic investigations of plant molecular variety can give substantial data of plant growth and upgrade plant germplasm, medicinal values, and the uses, yet such examinations are deficient in cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Flax is the third biggest fibre harvest naturally and one among the five significant oil crops on the earth. Flax is often utilized as a model plant for the best plants on account of its compact size and self-fertilization characteristics. Flaxseed yields shifted incredibly due to climate and soil type, yet these conditions demonstrated next to no impact on plant thickness. There is a higher variety of generative plant parts seen by cultivated flax and more vegetative pieces of the plant were seen in pale flax fluctuates. The scope of variety, hereditarily based variety, heritability, and connection of a few characters are thought of, particularly concerning the impact of domestication. Higher developing season temperatures in different locations can impact the efficacy of agricultural, income of the farm and food security. Postponement in planting prompted an expansion in natural temperature during conceptive development of harvest bringing about lower seed quality. The outcomes demonstrated that the planting climate influences the development characteristics, yield, and its segment as well as the yield of oil. These findings are important for understanding flax domestication and are also helpful in grouping intraspecific variety of cultivated flax, setting up a centre subset of the flax assortment, and investigating new wellsprings of qualities for flax improvement.

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Jury, Martin W., Andreas F. Prein, Heimo Truhetz, and Andreas Gobiet. "Evaluation of CMIP5 Models in the Context of Dynamical Downscaling over Europe." Journal of Climate 28, no. 14 (July 13, 2015): 5575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00430.1.

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Abstract The quality of regional climate model (RCM) simulations is strongly dependent on the quality of data provided as lateral boundary conditions (LBCs). Frequently, the quality of near-surface variables of general circulation model (GCM) simulations like those from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is analyzed in the region of interest. However, such analysis does not necessarily lead to the selection of high-quality LBCs, as demonstrated in this study. The study region is the European domain of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX), where a model performance index (MPI) is used to evaluate the skill of CMIP5 GCMs to reproduce near-surface variables within the EURO-CORDEX domain and free atmosphere variables along its lateral boundaries as a proxy for LBCs used in regional climate modeling. The results suggest that a GCM’s skill in simulating near-surface variables is correlated with 0.62 (Spearman’s r) to its skill in simulating LBCs for regional climate simulations. However, there is hardly any correlation between the performances of different variables, implying that a GCM evaluation solely based on surface parameters or a few variables is inadequate to select suitable driving data for regional climate models. The selection should include the evaluation of all variables passed to the RCM as LBCs in the lateral boundary zone (LBZ) on at least one midtropospheric level.

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Gerlak, Andrea K., Simon J. Mason, Meaghan Daly, Diana Liverman, Zack Guido, Marta Bruno Soares, Catherine Vaughan, et al. "The Gnat and the Bull: Do Climate Outlook Forums Make a Difference?" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): E771—E784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0008.1.

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Abstract Little has been documented about the benefits and impacts of the recent growth in climate services, despite a growing call to justify their value and stimulate investment. Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs), an integral part of the public and private enterprise of climate services, have been implemented over the last 20 years with the objectives of producing and disseminating seasonal climate forecasts to inform improved climate risk management and adaptation. In proposing guidance on how to measure the success of RCOFs, we offer three broad evaluative categories that are based on the primary stated goals of the RCOFs: 1) quality of the climate information used and developed at RCOFs; 2) legitimacy of RCOF processes focused on consensus forecasts, broad user engagement, and capacity building; and 3) usability of the climate information produced at RCOFs. Evaluating the quality of information relies largely on quantitative measures and statistical techniques that are standardized and transferrable, but assessing the RCOF processes and perceived usability of RCOF products will necessitate a combination of quantitative and qualitative social science methods that are sensitive to highly variable regional contexts. As RCOFs have taken up different formats and procedures to adapt to diverse institutional and political settings and varied technical and scientific capacities, objective evaluation methods adopted should align with the goals and intent of the evaluation and be performed in a participatory, coproduction manner where producers and users of climate services together design the evaluation metrics and processes. To fully capture the potential benefits of the RCOFs, it may be necessary to adjust or recalibrate the goals of these forums to better fit the evolving landscape of climate services development, needs, and provision.

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Zorpas, Antonis A., and Antreas Skouroupatis. "Indoor air quality evaluation of two museums in a subtropical climate conditions." Sustainable Cities and Society 20 (January 2016): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.10.002.

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Dawson, John P., Pavan N. Racherla, Barry H. Lynn, Peter J. Adams, and Spyros N. Pandis. "Simulating present-day and future air quality as climate changes: Model evaluation." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 19 (June 2008): 4551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.058.

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AI, Nasr. "Evaluation Abu-Dleek Sheep Leathers Properties." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000201.

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Abu-Dleek sheep are from animal hair producers and live under arid conditions and hot climate. This study aims to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of Abu-Dleek tanned leathers. Fifteen sheep skins were collected and divided into three tanning groups; chrome tanning, vegetable tanning with quebracho and vegetable tanning with mimosa. After tanning, all tanned leathers were tested physically and chemically. Data showed increments in tensile strengh, tearing strengh, bursing stretch, permeabiliy of water vapor, pH and ash values of chrome tanned leathers versus vegetable tanned leathers. The results declared the superurity of the chrome tanned leathers’ quality, while quebrcho tanned leathers’ quality was surpased mimosa tanned leathers. It could be concluded the convenient of Abu-Dleek tanned leathers to be used in a wide range of manufacuring purposes like garments, bags and lining.

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Wójcik-Seliga, J., and E. Wójcik-Gront. "Evaluation of blackberry and hybrid berry cultivars new to Polish climate – Short communication." Horticultural Science 40, No. 2 (May 23, 2013): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2012-hortsci.

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There were 13 blackberry cultivars new in Poland tested, including: Black Butte, Boysenberry, Chester Thornless, Helen, Karaka Black, Kotata, Loch Ness, Loch Tay, Loganberry, and Oregon Thornless. The experiment was conducted between 2005 and 2010 in central Poland with the main focus on resistance of the cultivars to adverse local environmental conditions, as well as to assess the yield and fruit quality. Analysis of data on fruit yield and fruit weight indicated significant differences between cultivars and years. There were slight differences in harvest date from year to year. Cv. Chester Thornless had the greatest yield – avg. 12.9 kg/plant (2007–2008). All of the hybrid berries and the trailing blackberries had yields that were not different – below 3.5 kg/plant. Cvs Black Butte and Karaka Black had the heaviest fruit, above 6.0 g (2006) and up to 10 g per fruit (2007 and 2008). Cv. Oregon Thornless had the smallest fruits – 2.1 g per fruit (2006) and up to 3 g (2007, 2008). The experiment showed that plants were influenced by the Polish weather conditions.    

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Meland, Mekjell, Oddmund Frøynes, and Clive Kaiser. "Evaluation of Peach Cultivars in Cool, Mesic Ullensvang, Norway." HortTechnology 24, no. 5 (October 2014): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.5.618.

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In a cool, maritime Nordic climate, where fruit have been grown for many centuries, 13 early maturing peach (Prunus persica) cultivars from northern European climates were evaluated over a 6-year period. Peach leaf curl (Taphrina deformans) was the main disease affecting production. The most consistent yielding cultivar was Riga with 5.74 kg/tree in 2009, 2.06 kg/tree in 2010, and 4.71 kg/tree in 2011. Harnas yielded 6.93 kg/tree in 2010, but had very low yields in 2009 and no yield at all in 2011. ‘Harnas’ fruit quality was excellent when compared with all other cultivars, but trees were extremely susceptible to peach leaf curl. ‘Riga’ was somewhat tolerant of peach leaf curl but flowered early. We conclude that none of the cultivars tested are suitable for commercial production. However, looking forward, both ‘Riga’ and ‘Harnas’ may be suitable for commercial tunnel production and home gardens. Furthermore, ‘Harnas’ and ‘Riga’ could be considered for use in future breeding programs for this cool, mesic Nordic climate.

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Keibach, Evelina, and Homeira Shayesteh. "BIM for Landscape Design Improving Climate Adaptation Planning: The Evaluation of Software Tools Based on the ISO 25010 Standard." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020739.

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This paper investigates the capabilities and limitations of different software tools simulating landscape design adaptability. The evaluation of tools is based on the ISO 25010 framework, which investigates software functionality, reliability, performance efficiency, usability, compatibility, and information quality. These quality characteristics of software are analysed during objective experiments where five software tools are used for a case study project at the conceptual design phase. These experiments reveal that the existing software tools for climate adaptation planning are focused on different aspects of climate adaptability, generating different types of information. Moreover, all tools deal with some limitations in terms of compatibility, performance efficiency, and functional operations. The ISO 25010 quality model provides a comprehensive framework to compare the capabilities of different software tools for climate adaptation planning. This paper is part of a wider study including an analysis of the needs of project stakeholders regarding climate adaptation software tools. However, this article focuses on technical capabilities of current climate adaptation software tools.

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Romero, Helena, Delphine M. Pott, José G. Vallarino, and Sonia Osorio. "Metabolomics-Based Evaluation of Crop Quality Changes as a Consequence of Climate Change." Metabolites 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070461.

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Fruit composition determines the fruit quality and, consequently, consumer acceptance. As fruit quality can be modified by environmental conditions, it will be impacted by future alterations produced by global warming. Therefore, agricultural activities will be influenced by the changes in climatological conditions in cultivable areas, which could have a high socioeconomic impact if fruit production and quality decline. Currently, different stresses are being applied to several cultivated species to evaluate their impact on fruit metabolism and plant performance. With the use of metabolomic tools, these changes can be precisely measured, allowing us to determine changes in the patterns of individual compounds. As these changes depend on both the stress severity and the specific species involved and even on the specific cultivar, individual analysis must be conducted. To date, the most-studied crops have mainly been crops that are widely cultivated and have a high socioeconomic impact. In the near future, with the development of these metabolomic strategies, their implementation will be extended to other species, which will allow the adaptation of cultivation conditions and the development of varieties with high adaptability to climatological changes.

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Bates, John J., and Henry F. Diaz. "Evaluation of multichannel sea surface temperature product quality for climate monitoring: 1982–1988." Journal of Geophysical Research 96, no. C11 (1991): 20613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91jc02280.

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Gäbel, Paul, Christian Koller, and Elke Hertig. "Development of Air Quality Boxes Based on Low-Cost Sensor Technology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 3830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103830.

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Analyses of the relationships between climate, air substances and health usually concentrate on urban environments because of increased urban temperatures, high levels of air pollution and the exposure of a large number of people compared to rural environments. Ongoing urbanization, demographic ageing and climate change lead to an increased vulnerability with respect to climate-related extremes and air pollution. However, systematic analyses of the specific local-scale characteristics of health-relevant atmospheric conditions and compositions in urban environments are still scarce because of the lack of high-resolution monitoring networks. In recent years, low-cost sensors (LCS) became available, which potentially provide the opportunity to monitor atmospheric conditions with a high spatial resolution and which allow monitoring directly at vulnerable people. In this study, we present the atmospheric exposure low-cost monitoring (AELCM) system for several air substances like ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter, as well as meteorological variables developed by our research group. The measurement equipment is calibrated using multiple linear regression and extensively tested based on a field evaluation approach at an urban background site using the high-quality measurement unit, the atmospheric exposure monitoring station (AEMS) for meteorology and air substances, of our research group. The field evaluation took place over a time span of 4 to 8 months. The electrochemical ozone sensors (SPEC DGS-O3: R2: 0.71–0.95, RMSE: 3.31–7.79 ppb) and particulate matter sensors (SPS30 PM1/PM2.5: R2: 0.96–0.97/0.90–0.94, RMSE: 0.77–1.07 µg/m3/1.27–1.96 µg/m3) showed the best performances at the urban background site, while the other sensors underperformed tremendously (SPEC DGS-NO2, SPEC DGS-CO, MQ131, MiCS-2714 and MiCS-4514). The results of our study show that meaningful local-scale measurements are possible with the former sensors deployed in an AELCM unit.

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Bortolini, Rafaela, and Núria Forcada. "Association between Building Characteristics and Indoor Environmental Quality through Post-Occupancy Evaluation." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061659.

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Post-occupancy evaluations are common tools used to periodically assess Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in tertiary buildings. Although the large amount of data collected from surveys contain valuable information, the influence of building characteristics on IEQ considering the different uses of the rooms and different types of occupants is rarely considered in the evaluation. This study presents an analysis of the association between building characteristics and IEQ in different building rooms (classrooms and offices) and different occupants (students and lecturers) using a post occupancy evaluation survey to 1013 occupants in 26 higher educational buildings in Spain under a Mediterranean climate. This research demonstrated that building characteristics influence IEQ perceptions of the different rooms in tertiary education buildings. The possibility of controlling the lighting, shadows or heating, ventilation air or conditioning (HVAC) systems are the most influential factors when analyzing IEQ. The findings of this research are of interest to facility managers aiming at implementing energy efficiency measures based on user-centric satisfaction or developing maintenance plans focused on IEQ enhancement.

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Gustafson, William I., and L. Ruby Leung. "Regional Downscaling for Air Quality Assessment." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-88-8-1215.

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Assessing future changes in air quality using downscaled climate scenarios is a relatively new application of the dynamical downscaling technique. This article compares and evaluates two downscaled simulations for the United States made using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model with the goal of understanding how errors in the downscaled climate simulations may introduce uncertainty in air quality assessment. The two downscaled simulations were driven by boundary conditions from the NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis and a global climate simulation generated by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies global circulation model, respectively. Comparisons of the model runs are made against the boundary layer and circulation characteristics of the North American Regional Reanalysis, and also against observed precipitation. The relative dependence of different simulated quantities on regional forcing, model parameterizations, and large-scale circulation provides a framework to understand similarities and differences between model simulations. Results show significant improvements in the downscaled diurnal wind patterns, in response to the complex orography, that are important for air quality assessment. Evaluation of downscaled boundary layer depth and winds, precipitation, and large-scale circulation shows larger biases related to model physics and biases in the GCM large-scale conditions. Based on the comparisons, recommendations are made to improve the utility of downscaled scenarios for air quality assessment.

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Baláž, Richard, Jana Budzáková, and Denisa Dorinová. "Green roof in module of climate chamber." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2019-0008.

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Abstract The submitted article is devoted to the research of the green roofs located at Faculty of civil engineering of Technical University of Kosice. The aim of this research work is to improve the quality of integrated research of advanced building constructions with focusing on intelligent buildings and indoor technologies with respect on design and evaluation of design elements for the progressive buildings.

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Reis, Lara, Laurent Drouet, Rita Dingenen, and Johannes Emmerling. "Future Global Air Quality Indices under Different Socioeconomic and Climate Assumptions." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103645.

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Future socioeconomic developments and climate policies will play a role in air quality improvement since greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions are highly connected. As these interactions are complex, air quality indices are useful tools to assess the sustainability of future policies. Here, we compute new global annual air quality indices to provide insights into future global and regional air quality, allowing for the evaluation of the sustainability of climate policies. We project the future concentrations of major the air pollutants for five socioeconomic pathways covering a broad range of climate radiative forcing targets in 2100, using a fast transport chemistry emulator and the emission database produced for the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Our findings show that climate policies are very relevant in reducing air pollution exposure by mid-century. Climate policies will have a stronger effect on the pollution reduction timing, while socioeconomic developments will have a greater impact on the absolute pollution level. A 1.5 ∘ C policy target may prevent all regions from exceeding the annual average limit for all pollutants considered, except PM 2 . 5 . We emphasize the importance of considering exposure air quality indices, when assessing sustainable policies, as being more informative rather than a population-weighted average index.

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Choi, Jin-Young, Seung-Yeon Kim, Sung-Chul Hong, Jae-Bum Lee, Chang-Keun Song, Hyun-Ju Lee, and Suk-Jo Lee. "Evaluation of Temperature and Precipitation on Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) for Air Quality Prediction." Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 28, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/kosae.2012.28.6.615.

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Gori Maia, Alexandre, Jennifer Anne Burney, José Daniel Morales Martínez, and Daniele Cesano. "Improving production and quality of life for smallholder farmers through a climate resilience program: An experience in the Brazilian Sertão." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): e0251531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251531.

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We use a combination of economic and wellbeing metrics to evaluate the impacts of a climate resilience program designed for family farmers in the semiarid region of Brazil. Most family farmers in the region are on the verge of income and food insufficiency, both of which are exacerbated in prolonged periods of droughts. The program assisted farmers in their milk and sheepmeat production, implementing a set of climate-smart production practices and locally-adapted technologies. We find that the program under evaluation had substantive and significant impacts on production practices, land management, and quality of life in general, using several different quasi-experimental strategies to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated farmers. We highlight the strengths and limitations of each evaluation strategy and how the set of analyses and outcome indicators complement each other. The evaluation provides valuable insights into the economic and environmental sustainability of family farming in semiarid regions, which are under growing pressure from climate change and environmental degradation worldwide.

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Boostani, Haleh, and Polat Hancer. "A Model for External Walls Selection in Hot and Humid Climates." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010100.

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Literature review shows that, to date, no local based method has been developed for evaluation of optimal wall constructions in a hot and humid climate from architects’ point of view. Hence, this study aims at developing a multi factor optimization model (MFOM) for comparative selection of opaque wall construction in a hot and humid climate based on four main evaluation criterion namely energy efficiency, thermal comfort, moisture control, and cost efficiency. In order to indicate the application of the MFOM, a case study methodology was employed in Kish Island, Iran, which is characterized by a hot and humid climate. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed in the research process including literature and field survey, computer simulation, thermal, moisture and economic analysis finalized with a simple multi attribute rating technique (SMART) grading the outputs for final assessment. According to the results, it can be deducted that the application of the MFOM has the potential to save cost and energy, improve the thermal quality of the indoor environment while predicting the possible construction hazards posed by condensation in hot and humid climates.

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Si, Jianhua, Jianming Li, Ying Yang, Xuejiao Qi, Jiajun Li, Zenghui Liu, Mengyuan Li, et al. "Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality in the Source Region of the Yellow River." Water 14, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233946.

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With the disturbance of human factors, the groundwater resources in the source region of the Yellow River have gradually depleted and the water quality has become worse, which has seriously affected the development of high-altitude areas. The groundwater quality of the source region of the Yellow River from 2016 to 2020 was evaluated using single-component and comprehensive evaluation methods, following by a prediction of the groundwater quality from 2021 to 2100 based on the RCPS (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) scenarios coupled with the SWAT hydrological model under the CMIP5 global climate model. The results indicated that the groundwater temperature had an increasing trend, pH showed an obvious decreasing trend, and total hardness (Th), sulfate, and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) contents exhibited no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in the source region of the Yellow River during 2016–2020. The increase rate of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the future climate scenario followed the order of RCP 8.5 > RCP 4.5 > RCP 2.6, and the groundwater contents of TN and TP in the source region of the Yellow River gradually increased. This result is of great significance, as it can help clarify the current situation of groundwater in high-altitude and cold regions, showing the influence of groundwater on global climate change. It provides a reference for the development and utilization planning of groundwater resources in the source region of the Yellow River in the future.

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Kim, Da Ye, Su Hee Park, and Chul Min Song. "Evaluation of Water Social Service and Comprehensive Water Management Linked with Integrated River Evaluation." Water 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050706.

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Various factors like climate change and population increase have limited water management evaluation. In South Korea particularly, although the management of water quality and water quantity has recently been integrated, a comprehensive policy has not yet been identified. This study, therefore, aims to propose a methodology for evaluating water social service for 18 basins near major water resources in South Korea. It aims to promote advanced water resource management, secure water equity, and improve inadequate policy implementation. In addition, it proposes a methodology for comprehensive water management evaluation linked with integrated river evaluation with respect to water quality and water quantity. Accordingly, contrary to the common assumption that the entire population has easy access to the supplied water, the status of water service was assessed objectively. The status of water management per sector was also visually represented, through which the vulnerabilities of water management could be intuitively diagnosed. Based on the possibility of utilizing the study results to determine the basic direction for water management, the methodology of this study has been proposed as a tool for establishing an efficient water management policy.

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Shea, Tracey, Helen De Cieri, Trang Vu, and Trisha Pettit. "How is safety climate measured? A review and evaluation." Safety Science 143 (November 2021): 105413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105413.

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Khoi, Dao Nguyen, Van Nguyen, Truong Thao Sam, and Pham Nhi. "Evaluation on Effects of Climate and Land-Use Changes on Streamflow and Water Quality in the La Buong River Basin, Southern Vietnam." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 7221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247221.

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The effects of climate and land-use changes have put intense pressures on water resources with regard to water quantity and quality in the La Buong River Basin, located in Southern Vietnam. Therefore, an estimate of such effects and their consequences on water resources in this area is needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the segregated and aggregated effects of climate change and land-use change on streamflow and water quality components (sediment and nutrient loads) using the well-known Soils and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was carefully calibrated and validated against the observation data before it can be used as a simulation tool to study the impacts of climate and land-use changes on hydrological processes. As a result of this study, it shows a reduction in the wet-season and annual streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads will be occurred in the study area due to climate change effects, while the streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads will be increased under the effects of the land-use change. Moreover, the streamflow and water quality components are more sensitive to land-use change than climate change. The results obtained from this study can provide a basic knowledge of the effects of climate and land-use changes on the streamflow and water quality to the local and national authorities for the future development of integrated water resources management in the La Buong River Basin.

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Bhattacharjee, Panchaal, Omkar Warang, Susmita Das, and Shubranil Das. "Impact of Climate Change on Fruit Crops- A Review." Current World Environment 17, no. 2 (September 10, 2022): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.2.4.

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Climate change is becoming an observed reality. Several researchers around the world have been working for decades to model predicted climatic changes that will occur in the 21st century and forecast the potential impact on the global eco-system. Climate plays a major role in deciding perennial fruit crop’s distribution, phenology, fruit quality, and disease and pest incidents. Physiological and yield attributes of fruits are sensitive to changing global climate as the climatic factors such as temperature rainfall etc. has direct co-relation with the regulatory physiological events of fruit trees. Despite increasing atmospheric CO2, which is needed for plant photosynthetic activity, the future of food production remains uncertain due to global warming and abnormal precipitation. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of information on the practical effects of pests and diseases in a climate change, which may have an effect on food availability in future. Studies suggested not only productivity but also quality of fruits will be impaired under the variable growing climates year to year. Plant diversity loss and area suitability issues would lead to more problems. In the face of such challenges to world fruit production, a plan-based strategic scientific evaluation of such effects, as well as adaptation and mitigation strategies, should be quantified. This review article briefly discusses effect of climate change on various fruit crops as well as approaches to mitigate with these future challenges.

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Varentsov, M. I., P. S. Verezemskaya, E. V. Zabolotskikh, and I. A. Repina. "Evaluation of the quality of polar low reconstruction using reanalysis and regional climate modelling." Current problems in remote sensing of the Earth from space 13, no. 4 (2016): 168–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-8-168-191.

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Mao, H., M. Chen, J. D. Hegarty, R. W. Talbot, J. P. Koermer, A. M. Thompson, and M. A. Avery. "Seasonal climate and air quality simulations for the northeastern US – Part 1: Model evaluation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 17851–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-17851-2009.

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Abstract. Regional climate and air quality simulations were conducted for summers 2001–2005 in the eastern US and subjected to extensive evaluation using various ground and airborne measurements. Climate evaluation focused on transport by comparing modeled dominant map types with ones from reanalysis. Reasonable agreement was found for their frequency of occurrence and distinctness of circulation patterns. The two most frequent map types from reanalysis were the Bermuda High (22%) and passage of a Canadian cold frontal over the northeastern US (20%). The model captured their frequency of occurrence at 25% and 18% respectively. The simulated five average distributions of daily 1-h ozone (O3) daily maxima using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system reproduced salient features in observations. This suggests that the ability of the regional climate model to depict transport processes accurately is critical for reasonable simulations of surface O3. Comparison of mean bias, root mean square error, and index of agreement for CMAQ summer surface 8-h O3 daily maxima and observations showed −0.6±14 nmol/mol, 14 nmol/mol, and 71% respectively. CMAQ performed best in moderately polluted conditions and less satisfactorily in highly polluted ones. This highlights the common problem of overestimating/underestimating lower/higher modeled O3 levels. Diagnostic analysis suggested that significant overestimation of inland nighttime low O3 mixing ratios may be attributed to underestimates of nitric oxide (NO) emissions at night. The absence of the second daily peak in simulations for the Appledore Island marine site possibly resulted from coarse grid resolution misrepresentation of land surface type. Comparison with shipboard measurements suggested that CMAQ has an inherent problem of underpredicting O3 levels in continental outflow. Modeled O3 vertical profiles exhibited a lack of structure indicating that key processes missing from CMAQ, such as lightning produced NO and stratospheric intrusions, are important for accurate upper tropospheric representations.

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Sugiura, H., and T. Saito. "Long-term evaluation of phenology and fruit quality of ‘Fuyu’ persimmon under climate change." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1338 (April 2022): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1338.44.

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Aung, Wint, Julian D. Marshall, T. Pradeep, S. Narayanswami, Grishma Jain, Karthik Sethuraman, Andy Grieshop, Jill Baumgartner, Conor Reynolds, and Michael Brauer. "Air Quality and Health Evaluation of a Climate Financed Cookstove Intervention in Rural India." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 4793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-1-08-02.

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Sun, Yanchao, Binying Wang, and Denglun Liu. "Review of Indoor Environmental Quality Evaluation Index Based on Regional Climate Connected Green Building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 531 (July 31, 2020): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/531/1/012029.

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Böhm, U., M. Kücken, D. Hauffe, F. W. Gerstengarbe, P. C. Werner, M. Flechsig, K. Keuler, A. Block, W. Ahrens, and Th Nocke. "Reliability of regional climate model simulations of extremes and of long-term climate." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 3 (June 21, 2004): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-417-2004.

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Abstract. We present two case studies that demonstrate how a common evaluation methodology can be used to assess the reliability of regional climate model simulations from different fields of research. In Case I, we focused on the agricultural yield loss risk for maize in Northeastern Brazil during a drought linked to an El-Niño event. In Case II, the present-day regional climatic conditions in Europe for a 10-year period are simulated. To comprehensively evaluate the model results for both kinds of investigations, we developed a general methodology. On its basis, we elaborated and implemented modules to assess the quality of model results using both advanced visualization techniques and statistical algorithms. Besides univariate approaches for individual near-surface parameters, we used multivariate statistics to investigate multiple near-surface parameters of interest together. For the latter case, we defined generalized quality measures to quantify the model's accuracy. Furthermore, we elaborated a diagnosis tool applicable for atmospheric variables to assess the model's accuracy in representing the physical processes above the surface under various aspects. By means of this evaluation approach, it could be demonstrated in Case Study I that the accuracy of the applied regional climate model resides at the same level as that we found for another regional model and a global model. Excessive precipitation during the rainy season in coastal regions could be identified as a major contribution leading to this result. In Case Study II, we also identified the accuracy of the investigated mean characteristics for near-surface temperature and precipitation to be comparable to another regional model. In this case, an artificial modulation of the used initial and boundary data during preprocessing could be identified as the major source of error in the simulation. Altogether, the achieved results for the presented investigations indicate the potential of our methodology to be applied as a common test bed to different fields of research in regional climate modeling.

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Alghamdi, Ayman Abdulaziz, and Nasser Akeil Kadasah. "Exploring the Quality of Work Environment at Saudi Aerospace Engineering Industries (SAEI)." Journal of Management and Sustainability 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v5n4p125.

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<p>This study aims to evaluate the Quality of Work Environment (QWE) in Aircraft Maintenance Sector of Saudi Aerospace Engineering Industries (SAEI). It covers safety climate (safety, hazard, and injury), employee satisfaction about their jobs and employee satisfaction about management practices. For that purpose, 314 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The study revealed that SAEI employees have neutral evaluations regarding safety climate in the organization and have neutral evaluations regarding their jobs at SAEI as well. On the other hand, the overall values statically indicate that SAEI employees are unsatisfied regarding SAEI management practices. In conclusion, SAEI employees are unsatisfied about the quality of work environment in general with overall median equal 2 and 95% of confidence. The majority of respondents (60.1%) were between unsatisfied and strongly unsatisfied regarding the QWE. Also, the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the employees’ evaluation regarding the QWE according to their job grades, job title, and their departments. These differences can be concluded as following; employees with higher grades were more satisfied with QWE at SAEI, managers, instructors, and auditors were more satisfied with QWE at SAEI and finally TQA employees were the most satisfied employees with QWE at SAEI while Hangar employees were the most unsatisfied. The study suggests some practical recommendations based on the outcomes of this study.</p>

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Liebig, Mark A., and John W. Doran. "Evaluation of farmers' perceptions of soil quality indicators." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 14, no. 1 (March 1999): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007967.

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AbstractUnderstanding farmers' knowledge of soil quality and health is essential to ensure transfer of appropriate technology for on-farm assessments. The objective of this study was to evaluate farmers' knowledge of soil quality by comparing their perceptions of soil conditions for “good” and “problem” soils on their farms with values of soil quality indicators as determined by established assessment protocol. Twenty-four conventional and organic farmers throughout eastern Nebraska were paired within regions of similar climate, topography, and soil type and their perceptions of soil quality indicators were queried using a written questionnaire. Questionnaire data were compared directly to values of soil quality indicators and perception accuracy indices were calculated. Overall, perception accuracy of soil quality indicators did not differ between conventional and organic farmers. Farmers' perceptions of soil quality indicators tended to be more accurate for “good” soils as compared to “problem” soils. Indicators that were incorrectly estimated at a frequency greater than 33% included available nitrogen and phosphorus, soil color, degree of compaction, and infiltration rate. Despite this, farmers' perceptions were correct or nearly-correct over 75% of the time for the majority of indicators evaluated in the study. Evaluation of social and managerial factors indicated that perception accuracy of soil quality indicators declined as the time of on-farm tenure increased. Results from this study indicate that agriculturists should seek out farmers' knowledge of soil characteristics as a first iteration to pointscale evaluation of soil quality.

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Hensley, David L., Steven C. Wiest, Charles E. Long, John C. Pair, and Frank D. Gibbons. "Evaluation of Ten Landscape Trees for the Midwest." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-9.3.149.

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Abstract Specific problems in plant selection for the midwest vary widely because of large differences in climate, soils, and urbanization. A project was started in 1984 to identify and evaluate worthy landscape plants for use in Kansas and other areas of the midwest. As of 1991, 40 species and cultivars have been planted in six locations throughout Kansas. Data collected for four years include survival, height, stem diameter, foliage quality, and overall quality. The results of the first two completed segments of this study (1984 and 1985) are presented.

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Ramírez, Juan Sebastián, and Néstor Darío Duque. "Evaluation of Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms with Climate Data." Ingeniería y Desarrollo 40, no. 02 (December 1, 2022): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/inde.40.02.622.553.

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When using climate data, researchers have difficulty determining the clustering algo-rithm and the best performing parameters for processing a specific dataset. We evaluated of the following unsupervi-sed machine learning algorithms: K-means, K-medoids and Linkage-complete, which are applied to three datasets with clima-tological variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and solar radiation) for three meteorological stations located in the department of Caldas, Colombia, at diffe-rent heights above sea level. Five scenarios are defined for 2, 3, and 5 clusters for each of the two partitioned algorithms, and five scenarios for the hierarchical algorithm, in each one of the meteorological stations. Different quantities and groupings of varia-bles are applied for the different scenarios by using Euclidean distance. Davis-Bouldin is the applied method of quality evaluation of clusters. Normalization with techniques such as range-transformation and Z-trans-formation, as well as some iterations of the algorithm and reduction of dimensionali-ty with PCA. In addition, the computatio-nal cost is evaluated. This study can guide researchers on certain decisions in cluster analysis used in meteorological data, as well as identify the most important algorithm and parameters to take into consideration for the best performance, according to par-ticular conditions and requirements.

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Lawal, Ibrahim Mohammed, Douglas Bertram, Christopher John White, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Ibrahim Hassan, and Abdulrahman Shuaibu. "Multi-Criteria Performance Evaluation of Gridded Precipitation and Temperature Products in Data-Sparse Regions." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121597.

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Inadequate climate data stations often make hydrological modelling a rather challenging task in data-sparse regions. Gridded climate data can be used as an alternative; however, their accuracy in replicating the climatology of the region of interest with low levels of uncertainty is important to water resource planning. This study utilised several performance metrics and multi-criteria decision making to assess the performance of the widely used gridded precipitation and temperature data against quality-controlled observed station records in the Lake Chad basin. The study’s findings reveal that the products differ in their quality across the selected performance metrics, although they are especially promising with regards to temperature. However, there are some inherent weaknesses in replicating the observed station data. Princeton University Global Meteorological Forcing precipitation showed the worst performance, with Kling–Gupta efficiency of 0.13–0.50, a mean modified index of agreement of 0.68, and a similarity coefficient SU = 0.365, relative to other products with satisfactory performance across all stations. There were varying degrees of mismatch in unidirectional precipitation and temperature trends, although they were satisfactory in replicating the hydro-climatic information with a low level of uncertainty. Assessment based on multi-criteria decision making revealed that the Climate Research Unit, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, and Climate Prediction Centre precipitation data and the Climate Research Unit and Princeton University Global Meteorological Forcing temperature data exhibit better performance in terms of similarity, and are recommended for application in hydrological impact studies—especially in the quantification of projected climate hazards and vulnerabilities for better water policy decision making in the Lake Chad basin.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Climate quality evaluation'

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