Academic literature on the topic 'Climate quality evaluation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Climate quality evaluation"
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Nightingale, Joanne, Jonathan P. D. Mittaz, Sarah Douglas, Dick Dee, James Ryder, Michael Taylor, Christopher Old, et al. "Ten Priority Science Gaps in Assessing Climate Data Record Quality." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080986.
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Decision makers need accessible robust evidence to introduce new policies to mitigate and adapt to climate change. There is an increasing amount of environmental information available to policy makers concerning observations and trends relating to the climate. However, this data is hosted across a multitude of websites often with inconsistent metadata and sparse information relating to the quality, accuracy and validity of the data. Subsequently, the task of comparing datasets to decide which is the most appropriate for a certain purpose is very complex and often infeasible. In support of the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) mission to provide authoritative information about the past, present and future climate in Europe and the rest of the world, each dataset to be provided through this service must undergo an evaluation of its climate relevance and scientific quality to help with data comparisons. This paper presents the framework for Evaluation and Quality Control (EQC) of climate data products derived from satellite and in situ observations to be catalogued within the C3S Climate Data Store (CDS). The EQC framework will be implemented by C3S as part of their operational quality assurance programme. It builds on past and present international investment in Quality Assurance for Earth Observation initiatives, extensive user requirements gathering exercises, as well as a broad evaluation of over 250 data products and a more in-depth evaluation of a selection of 24 individual data products derived from satellite and in situ observations across the land, ocean and atmosphere Essential Climate Variable (ECV) domains. A prototype Content Management System (CMS) to facilitate the process of collating, evaluating and presenting the quality aspects and status of each data product to data users is also described. The development of the EQC framework has highlighted cross-domain as well as ECV specific science knowledge gaps in relation to addressing the quality of climate data sets derived from satellite and in situ observations. We discuss 10 common priority science knowledge gaps that will require further research investment to ensure all quality aspects of climate data sets can be ascertained and provide users with the range of information necessary to confidently select relevant products for their specific application.
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Alexander, Joachim. "Evaluation of climate and air quality in environmental compatibility tests." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 3, no. 3 (July 11, 1994): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/3/1994/111.
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Menut, Laurent, Om P. Tripathi, Augustin Colette, Robert Vautard, Emmanouil Flaounas, and Bertrand Bessagnet. "Evaluation of regional climate simulations for air quality modelling purposes." Climate Dynamics 40, no. 9-10 (August 28, 2012): 2515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1345-9.
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Turnberg, Wayne, and William Daniell. "Evaluation of a healthcare safety climate measurement tool." Journal of Safety Research 39, no. 6 (January 2008): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.09.004.
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Navarro, Andrés, Eduardo García-Ortega, Andrés Merino, and José Luis Sánchez. "Extreme Events of Precipitation over Complex Terrain Derived from Satellite Data for Climate Applications: An Evaluation of the Southern Slopes of the Pyrenees." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132171.
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Estimating extreme precipitation events over complex terrain is challenging but crucial for evaluating the performance of climate models for the present climate and expected changes of the climate in the future. New satellites operating in the microwave wavelengths have started to open new opportunities for performing such estimation at adequate temporal and spatial scales and within sensible error limits. This paper illustrates the feasibility and limits of estimating precipitation extremes from satellite data for climatological applications. Using a high-resolution gauge database as ground truth, it was found that global precipitation measurement (GPM) constellation data can provide valuable estimates of extreme precipitation over the southern slopes of the Pyrenees, a region comprising several climates and a very diverse terrain (a challenge for satellite precipitation algorithms). Validation using an object-based quality measure showed reasonable performance, suggesting that GPM estimates can be advantageous reference data for climate model evaluation.
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Han, Haoshuang, and Rongrong Wan. "Research progress of forest ecological quality assessment methods." Sustainable Forestry 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i2.1606.
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Forests have ecological functions in water conservation, climate regulation, environmental purification, soil and water conservation, biodiversity protection and so on. Carrying out forest ecological quality assessment is of great significance to understand the global carbon cycle, energy cycle and climate change. Based on the introduction of the concept and research methods of forest ecological quality, this paper analyzes and summarizes the evaluation of forest ecological quality from three comprehensive indicators: forest biomass, forest productivity and forest structure. This paper focuses on the construction of evaluation index system, the acquisition of evaluation data and the estimation of key ecological parameters, discusses the main problems existing in the current forest ecological quality evaluation, and looks forward to its development prospects, including the unified standardization of evaluation indexes, high-quality data, the impact of forest living environment, the acquisition of forest level from multi-source remote sensing data, the application of vertical structural parameters and the interaction between forest ecological quality and ecological function.
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Schuck-Zöller, Susanne, Jörg Cortekar, and Daniela Jacob. "Evaluating co-creation of knowledge: from quality criteria and indicators to methods." Advances in Science and Research 14 (November 3, 2017): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-305-2017.
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Abstract. Basic research in the natural sciences rests on a long tradition of evaluation. However, since the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) came out in 2012, there has been intense discussion in the natural sciences, above all amongst researchers and funding agencies in the different fields of applied research and scientific service. This discussion was intensified when climate services and other fields, used to make users participate in research and development activities (co-creation), demanded new evaluation methods appropriate to this new research mode. This paper starts by describing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary literature overview of indicators to evaluate co-creation of knowledge, including the different fields of integrated knowledge production. Then the authors harmonize the different elements of evaluation from literature in an evaluation cascade that scales down from very general evaluation dimensions to tangible assessment methods. They describe evaluation indicators already being documented and include a mixture of different assessment methods for two exemplary criteria. It is shown what can be deduced from already existing methodology for climate services and envisaged how climate services can further to develop their specific evaluation method.
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Pogorzelska-Maziarz, Monika, Ingrid M. Nembhard, Rebecca Schnall, Shanelle Nelson, and Patricia W. Stone. "Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument for Measuring Organizational Climate for Quality." American Journal of Medical Quality 31, no. 5 (July 9, 2016): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860615587322.
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Joseph, Heather A., Evan Mallen, Megan McLaughlin, Elena Grossman, Tisha Joseph Holmes, Autumn Locklear, Emily Powell, et al. "Evaluating public health strategies for climate adaptation: Challenges and opportunities from the climate ready states and cities initiative." PLOS Climate 2, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): e0000102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000102.
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Evaluation generates critical evidence about the effectiveness of health-focused climate adaptation, who receives what benefits, and how to improve program quality. However, using evaluation to improve climate adaptation outcomes with timeliness and context-specificity is uniquely challenging. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supports health departments to implement adaptation initiatives through the Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative (CRSCI) grant and minimize negative health impacts of climate change via the Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) framework, which includes evaluation. In this paper, we present current evaluation practice by describing the health-focused adaptation actions that were evaluated among CRSCI recipients, the evaluation approaches they used, and the barriers and enablers encountered. Using a mixed methods approach, we abstracted annual progress report and standardized performance measure data to characterize evaluation activities across 18 grant recipients using basic quantitative descriptive analysis. Through structured interviews with three grant recipients and standard team-based qualitative coding and analysis techniques, we developed qualitative case studies to explore evaluation barriers and enablers in richer context. Recipients reported 76 evaluations over the reporting period (2018–2021). Evaluated programs commonly addressed extreme weather (50.0%), followed by heat (27.6%). The most common purpose was to monitor implementation or improve delivery (57.9%). Case studies highlighted barriers to successful evaluation such as limited specialized evaluation expertise and staff time. Enablers included staff motivation to justify program expansion, strong relationships with community partners, and use of evaluation plans. Case studies revealed diverse strategies to seek input from stakeholders disproportionately impacted by climate change and to reduce health disparities. The experiences of CDC grant recipients provide an opportunity to better understand the barriers and enablers of climate and health evaluation practice and to identify practical strategies to expand the value of evaluation in this nascent field.
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Braverman, Amy, Snigdhansu Chatterjee, Megan Heyman, and Noel Cressie. "Probabilistic evaluation of competing climate models." Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-3-93-2017.
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Abstract. Climate models produce output over decades or longer at high spatial and temporal resolution. Starting values, boundary conditions, greenhouse gas emissions, and so forth make the climate model an uncertain representation of the climate system. A standard paradigm for assessing the quality of climate model simulations is to compare what these models produce for past and present time periods, to observations of the past and present. Many of these comparisons are based on simple summary statistics called metrics. In this article, we propose an alternative: evaluation of competing climate models through probabilities derived from tests of the hypothesis that climate-model-simulated and observed time sequences share common climate-scale signals. The probabilities are based on the behavior of summary statistics of climate model output and observational data over ensembles of pseudo-realizations. These are obtained by partitioning the original time sequences into signal and noise components, and using a parametric bootstrap to create pseudo-realizations of the noise sequences. The statistics we choose come from working in the space of decorrelated and dimension-reduced wavelet coefficients. Here, we compare monthly sequences of CMIP5 model output of average global near-surface temperature anomalies to similar sequences obtained from the well-known HadCRUT4 data set as an illustration.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Climate quality evaluation"
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Dowiatt, Matthew. "Urban Adaptation Planning in Response to Climate Change Risk." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1598284306542077.
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RAIMONDO, DANIELA. "Indoor and Energy quality assessment in buildings." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2501601.
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Interest on Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) increased more and more in the last years. This attention is evidenced by the fact that nowadays maintaining a certain level of comfort in the building, as it is prescribed by the standards, means to deal with a rising energy demand. For this reason increasing attention needs to be spent in the envelope and systems building design, as well in the building robustness at the occupants actions. Further than the design phase it becomes necessary to shift the focus on to the building management and maintenance too. To this aim energy and environmental long term monitoring are introduced in the building life cycle, with the objective to optimize the building-plant system and to look for a good balance between different levels of comfort and energy consumption.
Main objective of the research is the critical analysis of the indoor environment quality assessment existing methods, within the evaluation of the energy consumptions required to maintain specific comfort levels, and suggesting new methods of analysis and representation of data from monitorings or simulations. In order to reach high level of IEQ, the study also focuses on the performance evaluation of energy saving by radiant systems, through tests in thermostatic room or in situ. Research is therefore conceived in three deepening phases.
The first phase is based on the indoor environment quality assessment through the use of categories. Comfort, and particularly thermal comfort, is regulated by the standards ISO 7730/2005, EN 15251/2007, and ASHRAE 55/2004. Methods for data elaboration and representation suggested by the standards (specifically by EN 15251) are in this work compared and discussed, investigating, also through the use of a case study, the effective utility of these instruments, of their applications and limitations.
Maintaining specific comfort categories in a building often comport to spend energy. Energy demand can be varied depending on the envelope characteristics and quality, and from the systems controls and the outdoor climate conditions. With the aim to demonstrate what enounced, the second phase of the study is explained through an office room energy simulation, conducted with the aim to assess the heating and cooling energy demand variation with the thermal and air quality variation, as well as for different climate zones. Buildings energy simulation is however only one of the tools that can be used for this kind of analysis. Direct monitoring of the energy consumptions is in fact another method that is becoming more and more important. Energy monitoring plans, with IEQ monitoring plans, give a detailed overview about levels of comfort and related costs in a building, moreover investigating on the correct or wrong systems operation and controls. The correlation between the two measurements conducted simultaneously allows to give, as output of the analysis, a complete building energy and environment evaluation. In addition to the data processing, the study also addresses the results representation, through the analysis of energy and environmental data from one year of monitoring in an office building.
As mentioned above, the connecting element between ICQ in a room and the related energy consumptions, beyond the building thermo physical properties, is the installed plants system. In recent years many studies in literature about comfort in buildings treated the topic of low energy radiant systems to reach the indoor environmental quality objective. Among the many typologies of radiant systems, this work faces with two kinds of them, very different one from each other, and both object of analysis and experimentation: the first is represented by vertical electric radiant plates for heating, and the second is about TABS (Thermal Active Building System) for cooling. In both cases energy and environmental measurements were carried out. In the first case the experiments took place in test rooms, in the second case they were performed in situ (office room). Differences between the two analysis and strategies adopted for the measurements during the operational time of the building using TABS are shown.
Results of the work are shown and widely explained in internationals journals and international conference papers.
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Irby, Isaac. "Using Water Quality Models in Management - A Multiple Model Assessment, Analysis of Confidence, and Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639464.
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Human impacts on the Chesapeake Bay through increased nutrient run-off as a result of land-use change, urbanization, and industrialization, have resulted in a degradation of water quality over the last half-century. These direct impacts, compounded with human-induced climate changes such as warming, rising sea-level, and changes in precipitation, have elevated the conversation surrounding the future of water quality in the Bay. The overall goal of this dissertation project is to use a combination of models and data to better understand and quantify the impact of changes in nutrient loads and climate on water quality in the Chesapeake Bay. This research achieves that goal in three parts.
First, a set of eight water quality models is used to establish a model mean and assess model skill. All models were found to exhibit similar skill in resolving dissolved oxygen concentrations as well as a number of dissolved oxygen-influencing variables (temperature, salinity, stratification, chlorophyll and nitrate) and the model mean exhibited the highest individual skill. The location of stratification within the water column was found to be a limiting factor in the models’ ability to adequately simulate habitat compression resulting from low-oxygen conditions.
Second, two of the previous models underwent the regulatory Chesapeake Bay pollution diet mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency. Both models exhibited a similar relative improvement in dissolved oxygen concentrations as a result of the reduction of nutrients stipulated in the pollution diet. A Confidence Index was developed to identify the locations of the Bay where the models are in agreement and disagreement regarding the impacts of the pollution diet. The models were least certain in the deep part of the upper main stem of the Bay and the uncertainty primarily stemmed from the post-processing methodology.
Finally, by projecting the impacts of climate change in 2050 on the Bay, the potential success of the pollution diet in light of future projections for air temperature, sea level, and precipitation was examined. While a changing climate will reduce the ability of the nutrient reduction to improve oxygen concentrations, that effect is trumped by the improvements in dissolved oxygen stemming from the pollution diet itself. However, climate change still has the potential to cause the current level of nutrient reduction to be inadequate. This is primarily due to the fact that low-oxygen conditions are predicted to start one week earlier, on average, in the future, with the primary changes resulting from the increase in temperature.
Overall, this research lends an increased degree of confidence in the water quality modeling of the potential impact of the Chesapeake Bay pollution diet. This research also establishes the efficacy of utilizing a multiple model approach to examining projected changes in water quality while establishing that the pollution diet trumps the impact from climate change. This work will lead directly to advances in scientific understanding of the response of water quality, ecosystem health, and ecological resilience to the impacts of nutrient reduction and climate change.
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Cappelli, G. A. "IN SILICO EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF RICE PRODUCTIONS IN THE MAIN ITALIAN RICE-GROWING DISTRICT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347453.
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The definition of food security provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) includes the quality of agricultural products as a principal pillar, intended as the production of nutritious food to allow people to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. In a world that is undergoing major physical, social, and economic transitions, the achievement of global food security is undermined by the projected increase of human population to 9 billion people by 2050.
Nowadays, even if the current total food production would be capable to provide humankind with enough calories, the latest FAO statistics estimate that hundreds of millions of people live in hunger or lack a suitable supply of food. This is why the world governments are acting to meet the need of higher quality diets as a main objective. The challenge to improve the quality and the nutritional value of crop productions is also threatened by the climate change issue, with agriculture representing the most vulnerable economic sector due to the deep influence of weather conditions on the performances of cropping system.
The only viable solution to gain information on the future trends of the qualitative aspect of crop production and to provide farmers and stakeholders in agriculture with effective adaptation strategies is the use of process based simulation models, which are capable to reproduce the responses of biophysical systems to changing boundary conditions.
This doctorate gives answers to these research questions, by developing a reference methodological framework to assess the quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) –the first staple food crop in the world – in current and future climatic conditions.
The first chapter presents a software library of models to simulate the dynamics of the main aspects of rice grain quality as a function of agro-meteorological conditions. This research product is released as a framework independent component, fostering extension with new models and reuse by third parties intended as collaborations between research entities.
In the second chapter the performances of the rice quality models in reproducing observed field data of milling quality and functional properties of grains are tested in a multi-site and multi-year evaluation, prior to be used to assess climate change impacts.
The third chapter deals with the development of a forecasting system targeting the simulation of qualitative and quantitative rice productions in Northern Italy, the main European producing area. This pilot study is realized by coupling the WARM rice model with rice quality models, taking the head rice yield, i.e., the percentage of entire grains as a case study.
The fourth chapter presents the complete workflow to assess the climate change impacts on crop productivity in the Lombardy plain via the application of process based models at a fine spatial resolution. An exploratory analysis of the impacts of climate change on giant reed crop is performed to illustrate the potentialities of the methodology.
This work led the basis to the last chapter, where a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on rice milling quality and technological suitability is performed in Europe. The main sources of uncertainties in climate change projections were taken into account, i.e., General Circulation Models and emission scenarios, to give an ensemble of future weather scenarios as input data to the models. The implementation of remote sensing to detect rice sowing dates and the assimilation of local farmers management led to a tight adherence between simulated and real system.
The main perspective of this work is the application of the methodological framework developed here in top producing rice countries, in order to allow moving a step forward the mere focus on the quantitative trends of crop production in a changing climate.
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Duszka, Christopher Damian. "School Climate in the School Choice Era: A Comparative Analysis of District-Run Public Schools and Charter Schools." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3922.
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Comparative analyses of district-run public schools and charter schools are limited to performance outcomes. There is a dearth of research on how the school-types vary on factors consequential to performance such as school climate. Public-private distinctions, such as in organizational autonomy, value orientations, funding structures, and management practices, could result in school climate dissimilarities between district-run public schools and charter schools.
The aim of this dissertation is to assess the influence organizational factors have on school climate and determine if school-type affects school climate. Student and staff school climate survey data from the Miami-Dade school district were utilized for this dissertation. Structural equation modeling was employed to test theoretical models of students’ and staffs’ perceptions of school climate using data from 2001-2002 through 2015-2016 academic years. Within-between effects panel regression was utilized to test the effect of school-type on school climate constructs over time using data from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 academic years.
The structural equation results demonstrate that milieu, ecology, culture, and organizational structure influence students’ and staffs’ perceptions of their schools’ climates. Ecology has the strongest association with students’ perceptions of school climate. Job satisfaction, a part of milieu and culture, has the strongest association with staffs’ perceptions of school climate. The results indicate that the theoretical models of school climate employed by this study are sound.
The within-between effects panel regression results demonstrate that characteristics inherent to school-type have a plausible influence on students’ perceptions of school climate, but not for staff. Charter school students rated their school climates more favorably than traditional public schools, but when other factors are controlled, traditional public schools and magnet schools had more favorable ratings. Public-sector values, collective bargaining, and school district oversight may be beneficial to schools’ climates.
This dissertation underscores the impact management and funding structures have on school climate. The author recommends that the school climate concept and evaluations of schools’ organizational practices be incorporated into school improvement policies. The milieu, culture, ecology, and organizational structures of schools should be reviewed when assessing school quality.
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Peloso, Antony Frederick. "The antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16028/1/Antony_Peloso_Thesis.pdf.
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Increasing and maintaining customer loyalty has been shown to enhance service firm profitability. This research focuses on the antecedents of customer loyalty in a large
national North American banking organisation, in particular the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, and further within the organisation, the antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship. Thus the current research investigates the chain of events from managerial actions to customer loyalty with the aim of identifying relevant managerial practices and their influences within the organisation that lead to customer loyalty.
The research provides tangible evidence supporting the importance of providing
organisational resources to increase employee loyalty as a means of increasing customer
loyalty in service organisations. To achieve this goal, the study suggests that a
comprehensive set of managerial practices will enhance an organisation's service climate,
foster positive employee attitudes and behaviours in relation to service provision, that
impact on employee loyalty, service quality, and ultimately customer loyalty. These practices include support provided by senior leadership, the provision of resources that facilitate effective work practices, a positive management orientation on customers, and the use of employee evaluation and remuneration based on service-oriented behaviours and attitudes. By instituting these managerial practices, management can increase employee perceptions of self-efficacy, employees' beliefs in the abilities to perform well in their jobs, increase employee satisfaction, which in turn drive employee loyalty.
These managerial practices also enhance the favourable nature of the organisation's
service climate so that customer perceptions of service quality are likely to be more positive.
Overall the study provides evidence to support the existence of a chain of events from
managerial actions to employee and customer loyalty intentions. Evidence also exists to
support the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, so that higher
levels of loyalty within service a service organisation can potentially lead to higher levels of customer loyalty.
The implications of the research are that management within service organisations can
impact customer loyalty by focussing directly on service delivery issues and by providing a favourable service climate. Managers can also influence employee beliefs about their
abilities to do their jobs and the level of satisfaction employees have within those
organisational roles.
The study also suggests that a service organisation's service climate is an important
mechanism by which management can communicate to both employees and customers that a customer orientation is a primary managerial imperative. Finally, the study provides valuable insight into the processes by which employees perceive managerial orientation and support, and how those perceptions influence customer perceptions of service quality and impact on their loyalty intentions towards service organisations.
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Peloso, Antony Frederick. "The antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16028/.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing and maintaining customer loyalty has been shown to enhance service firm profitability. This research focuses on the antecedents of customer loyalty in a large
national North American banking organisation, in particular the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, and further within the organisation, the antecedents of the employee loyalty-customer loyalty relationship. Thus the current research investigates the chain of events from managerial actions to customer loyalty with the aim of identifying relevant managerial practices and their influences within the organisation that lead to customer loyalty.
The research provides tangible evidence supporting the importance of providing
organisational resources to increase employee loyalty as a means of increasing customer
loyalty in service organisations. To achieve this goal, the study suggests that a
comprehensive set of managerial practices will enhance an organisation's service climate,
foster positive employee attitudes and behaviours in relation to service provision, that
impact on employee loyalty, service quality, and ultimately customer loyalty. These practices include support provided by senior leadership, the provision of resources that facilitate effective work practices, a positive management orientation on customers, and the use of employee evaluation and remuneration based on service-oriented behaviours and attitudes. By instituting these managerial practices, management can increase employee perceptions of self-efficacy, employees' beliefs in the abilities to perform well in their jobs, increase employee satisfaction, which in turn drive employee loyalty.
These managerial practices also enhance the favourable nature of the organisation's
service climate so that customer perceptions of service quality are likely to be more positive.
Overall the study provides evidence to support the existence of a chain of events from
managerial actions to employee and customer loyalty intentions. Evidence also exists to
support the relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, so that higher
levels of loyalty within service a service organisation can potentially lead to higher levels of customer loyalty.
The implications of the research are that management within service organisations can
impact customer loyalty by focussing directly on service delivery issues and by providing a favourable service climate. Managers can also influence employee beliefs about their
abilities to do their jobs and the level of satisfaction employees have within those
organisational roles.
The study also suggests that a service organisation's service climate is an important
mechanism by which management can communicate to both employees and customers that a customer orientation is a primary managerial imperative. Finally, the study provides valuable insight into the processes by which employees perceive managerial orientation and support, and how those perceptions influence customer perceptions of service quality and impact on their loyalty intentions towards service organisations.
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Obregon, Oliver. "Evaluating Climate Change Effects in Two Contrasting Reservoirs Using Two-Dimensional Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Models." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3094.
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I analyzed and compared impacts from global climate change (GCC) and land use change to Deer Creek (United States) a temperate reservoir and Aguamilpa (Mexico), a tropical reservoir by using calibrated CE-QUAL-W2 (W2) water quality and hydrodynamic models based on field data over an extended time period. I evaluated and compared the sensitivity to predicted GCC and land use changes. I individually evaluated changes to air temperature (TAIR), inflow rates (Q), and nutrient loads (PO4-P and NO3-NO2-N) followed by analysis of worst case scenarios. I developed analysis methods using indexes to represent the total reservoir change calculated using the total parameter mass (i.e., algae, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids) normalized by the reservoir volume to eliminate apparent mass changes due to volume changes. These indexes have units of average concentrations, but are better thought of as a global reservoir index or normalized concentration. These indexes allow analysis of the total reservoir and not just specific zones. Total normalized algal concentrations were impacted more by changes in nutrient inflows (land use) in both reservoirs than to changes in TAIR and Q. For Deer Creek, PO4-P changes significantly increased normalized algal concentrations in the reservoir and in dam releases when PO4-P inflow was increased by 50%. Aguamilpa was more sensitive to NO3-NO2-N changes, exhibiting significant increases in normalized algal concentration for the +50% NO3-NO2-N simulation. Both reservoirs showed small changes to normalized algal concentration for the +3ºC TAIR simulation with the largest changes occurring during warm seasons. However, Deer Creek exhibited decreased total algal levels when TAIR was increased by 3ºC while Aguamilpa showed increased total algal levels with the 3ºC increase in TAIR. These contrasting trends, a decrease in Deer Creek and an increase in Aguamilpa, were produced by algae succession processes. Changes in Q affected normalized algal concentration in both reservoirs in different ways. In Aguamilpa, total algal levels increased under dry conditions while Deer Creek showed little general change associated with flow changes. Worst case scenario simulations, which included changing more than one parameter, showed that GCC changes can cause large impacts if they occur simultaneously with high nutrient loadings. These results begin to show how GCC could impact reservoirs and how these impacts compare to potential impacts from land use change. The results show that both temperate and tropical reservoirs are impacted by GCC but are more sensitive to nutrients. The methods, plots, and tools developed in this study can assist water managers in evaluating and studying GCC and land use changes effects in reservoirs worldwide.
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Morales, Quiros Alejandro. "Evaluation of ambient and chilled aeration strategies to maintain the quality of stored grain in tropical climates and during summer in temperate climates." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38261.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
Carlos Campabadal Teran
The use of grain aeration as a tool to minimize post-harvest losses requires lower ambient temperature (≤ 20°C) and relative humidity (≤ 70%) conditions than what is usually available during the summer season in temperate climates and throughout the year in some tropical climate regions. Warm and moist conditions contribute to pest problems and increase dependence on chemical control for pest reduction as part of grain management strategies. The grain chilling technology is a non-chemical alternative to cool grain stored under high risk climatic conditions. For this research project, the grain chilling technology was tested in a 1,350-ton low moisture content wheat silo during the 2015 and 2016 summer harvests in Kansas. The grain temperature was lowered from a maximum of 39°C to a minimum of 17°C in less than 250 hours. The results showed that chilled grain maintained at temperatures under 20°C reduced the development rate of insect pests compared to grain stored at temperatures over 25°C and cooled with ambient aeration. However, the cost of grain chilling was calculated to be between 0.26 and 0.32 $/t higher than using ambient aeration. Through computer simulation it was possible to evaluate the performance of the grain chiller against four different ambient aeration strategies for paddy rice stored under the tropical climatic conditions of the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica. After six months of storage, the minimum grain temperature achieved through ambient aeration was 30.8°C using an aeration strategy based on a grain-ambient temperature differential greater than 10°C. Grain chilling lowered the average grain temperature from 35°C to below 15°C in 117 hours and the maximum average temperature it registered after six months of storage was 15.5°C. The economic evaluation of the simulated ambient aeration and chilling strategy determined that the operational costs of grain chilling were between 2 and 4 $/t lower than ambient aeration plus fumigation. However, the initial cost of the grain chiller made the net present cost (NPC) of the chilling strategy between 0.22 and 0.85 $/t higher than the cost of ambient aeration plus fumigation over a 10-year analysis. Several potential financial options were analyzed to make the grain chiller more economically feasible for a rice miller in Costa Rica. It was concluded that the grain chilling technology can reduce grain temperatures below 20°C in a relatively short period of time, which helps control insect populations and maintain grain quality during summer storage in temperate climates and in tropical climates. Utilizing grain chilling reduced operational costs between 78% and 88% when compared to using chemical control of pests. Additionally, it was determined that an initial cost of $74,700 for the grain chiller would require a 16% discount or at least 10,641 t to be chilled annually to make this technology viable for the Costa Rican rice milling industry. Leasing the grain chiller (ten equal payments of $10,926) or adding a premium sell price of 1 $/t to chilled rice would make this technology feasible compared to the traditional grain management strategies utilized in Costa Rica.
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Mohammed, Mohammed Alhaji. "Natural ventilation : an evaluation of strategies for improving indoor air quality in hospitals located in semi-arid climates." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2837.
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This thesis is an investigation into improving natural ventilation in low rise hospital wards in Northern Nigeria. The climate of this region is semi-arid, during the dry season, sub-Saharan fine dust (Harmattan dust) is blown into the region from the North East and during the wet season, Mosquitos are prevalent. The energy infrastructure in the whole of Nigeria is under resourced; hence ventilation strategies’ based on mechanical extraction are not possible. Five wards within low rise hospital buildings were studied; these were purpose designed hospital buildings, not converted buildings. Questionnaire surveys of health care workers in the hospitals was conducted and revealed dissatisfaction with the buildings’ ventilation and Indoor Air Quality. The questionnaires were then followed up by Tracer Gas measurements and during the period of measurement there was only one occasion when a ward achieved an air change rate of 6-ach-1, the ASHREA Standard requirement for hospital buildings. To investigate methods of improving natural ventilation in these wards, a CFD model was developed of a representative ward, the model was validated against the Tracer Gas measurements; with an acceptable agreement of ≤ 15%. Using the CFD model, achievable ventilation strategies within the context of the location, were investigated, and a combination of cross ventilation utilizing windows on the windward and leeward sides of the ward together with a roof ventilator on the leeward side proved the most successful. All openings were screened to prevent the entry of mosquitos. This best case was further investigated with the wind direction at an oblique angle to the ward side. The oblique angle of wind attack reduced the air change rates but improved air circulation/mixing within the ward. With the exception when the wind direction was parallel to the ward side. To reduce the ingress of Harmattan Dust, was problematic given the energy restrictions, a low energy solution of introducing screened plenums on both the windward and leeward sides of the building proved successful. Larger dust particles were detained within the windward plenum and the smaller dust particles were exhausted into the leeward plenum. With the mosquito screens located on the large surface area of the plenum, the window screens were removed resulting in higher air change rates. Thus, it is recommended that, openings should be provided on the windward and leeward walls and on the roof toward the leeward side for efficient ventilation and airflow circulation at the occupancy level. The longer sides of the wards should be oriented toward the North-South to capture the North-East trade winds and South-West monsoon winds with oblique angle of attack. Plenums should be incorporated to the windward and leeward facades and Insect screen should be installed on the plenums instead of the wards’ openings to increase ventilation rates while excluding mosquitoes and decreasing dust particle concentration in the hospital wards. Openings should be at the middle of the windward and leeward walls and on the roof toward the leeward to avoid airflow short-circuiting. It is recommended to use insect screen with the porosity of 0.2 and when the outdoor local wind speed is ≤ 1.26 m/s (2 m/s: airport value), the ventilation should be supplemented with fan.
Books on the topic "Climate quality evaluation"
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Jovan, Sarah. Lichen bioindication of biodiversity, air quality, and climate: Baseline results from monitoring in Washington, Oregon, and California. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2008.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Water Science and Technology Board, National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on the Scientific Bases of Colorado River Basin Water Management, and National Academies Press (U.S.), eds. Colorado River Basin water management: Evaluating and adjusting to hydroclimatic variability. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2007.
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Romsom, Etienne, and Kathryn McPhail. Capturing economic and social value from hydrocarbon gas flaring: evaluation of the issues. 5th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/939-6.
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Atmospheric emissions urgently need to reduce for natural gas to fulfill its potential role in the energy transition to achieve the Paris Agreement on climate change. This paper establishes the magnitude and trends of flaring and venting in oil and gas operations, as well as their emissions and impact on air quality, health, and climate. While global flaring and venting comprise 7.5 per cent of natural gas produced, their combined impact on health and climate (in terms of Social Cost of Atmospheric Release) accounts for 54 per cent. Many low- and middle-income countries are economically dependent on oil and gas production. Most premature deaths from air pollution in 2016 were in developing countries. Most natural gas losses and emissions are avoidable. If all natural gas flared and vented globally is captured and brought to market, it could supply annually more than the total South and Central America gas consumption, plus all of Africa’s power needs. If 75 per cent of these volumes are captured, it provides an additional natural gas sales value of US$36 billion per annum (assuming an average gas price of US$4/MMBtu).
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(US), National Research Council. Colorado River Basin Water Management: Evaluating and Adjusting to Hydroclimatic Variability. National Academies Press, 2007.
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Munro, James. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828709.003.0001.
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This book addresses whether and how emissions trading schemes to mitigate climate change are subject to the network of treaties comprising the international trade and investment regime, collectively referred to as international economic law. Chapter 1 introduces the broad structure and content of the book, which is divided into three principal parts. Part I, comprising Chapters 2 and 3, sets out the approach of the book, insofar as it involves initial process of treaty interpretation to determine the scope and content of relevant aspects of international economic law (including any relevant interaction with the international climate regime), followed by a subsequent process of applying the resulting interpretations to carbon units and the aspects of emissions trading schemes that affect their trade and investment in ways which attract the scrutiny of international economic law. Part II, covering Chapters 4–7, then seeks to ascertain whether carbon units are subject to international economic law by evaluating whether they qualify as ‘goods’/‘products’, ‘services’, ‘financial services’, and ‘investments’. Having determined that carbon units are, to varying extents, subject to international economic law, Part III (comprising Chapters 8 and 9) assesses the consistency of emissions trading schemes and their rules affecting carbon units with that body of law.
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Wojewodzic, Tomasz. Procesy dywestycji i dezagraryzacji w rolnictwie o rozdrobnionej strukturze agrarnej. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-31-1.
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The turn of the 20th and 21st centuries has been a very dynamic period of change in Poland and around the world; also a period of change in thinking about the economy and agriculture. The present work is a study of the decline, divestments and development of agriculture in the areas of fragmented farming structure. The reflections presented herein, upon the processes of the remodelling of agrarian structures, of divestments in farming, and disagrarisation, are mostly anchored in the achievements of the theory of spatial economy (land management), and the microeconomic theories of choice, including the theory of an agricultural holding (farm) and land rent theories. The work focuses on the economic issues of remodelling the agrarian structure, but due to the nature of the issues discussed herein, specifically in relation to family-owned farms, the social and environmental aspects also needed to be taken into account – in response to the need for a heterogeneous approach, which is increasingly stressed in economic sciences today. The main objective of the research was to diagnose and assess the scale and scope of the mechanisms and processes that inform the decline and growth of agricultural holdings in the areas with fragmented farming structure. The study covered the area comprising four regions (provinces) of south-eastern Poland, which – according to the FADN nomenclature – form the macro region of Małopolska and Pogórze. The study of subject literature has been enriched with an analysis of available statistics; data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN); information obtained from the Department of Programming and Reporting at the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture; and author’s own research conducted among farm owners. The information thus obtained made it possible to: • Determine the theoretical premises for the spatial diversity of agriculture, and the role of small farms in the shaping of agrarian structure. • Adapt the concept of “divestment” for the description and analysis of the phenomena occurring in agriculture. • Indicate the role and importance of the processes of divestment and disagrarisation in the restructuring of agriculture. • Assess the natural, social and economic determinants of the process of restructuring agriculture in areas with fragmented farming structure. • Assess selected aspects of economic efficiency of agriculture in areas with fragmented farming structure, with the focus on small and micro farms. • Carry out an ex ante evaluation of the impact of agricultural policy instruments on the process of restructuring of agriculture in the macro region of Małopolska and Pogórze. • Identify the indicators of decline and fall, and barriers to the liquidation of farms. • Assess the relationship between the level of socio-economic development, the structure of farming, and the quality of agricultural production space in a given territorial unit, versus the intensity of the economic and production disagrarisation processes in agricultural holdings. • Propose targeted solutions conducive to the improvement of the farming structure in areas with a high framentation of agriculture. Observation of the processes occurring in agriculture, and the scientific theories created on the basis thereof, have shown that even the smallest farms have a chance to continue in existence, provided that we are able to positively verify their adaptation to the changing conditions in the environment. Carrying out farming activity is a prerequisite for implementing the economic, social and environmental functions associated with family farms. At the same time, based on the analyses performed, we need to assume that the advanced processes of the production and economic disagrarisation of agricultural holdings are to a greater extent determined by the anatomical features of agriculture, and by the natural conditions, than by the level of socio-economic development of the given territorial unit. In the current economic climate, the remodelling of the agrarian structure is only possible with the active participation of the institutions responsible for the creation of economic growth and agricultural policy development. It is extremely important from the point of view of environmental protection, and the viability of rural areas, to support small farms engaged in agricultural activities, and to introduce such instruments that will enable the replacement of an economic collapse with divestments, carried out in a planned manner, and allowing for thus released agricultural resources to find alternative application in units with a higher development potential. The area of theoretical research requiring further exploration includes the issues such as transactional costs of the liquidation of agricultural holdings, and the assessment of the economic effectiveness of conducting divestments.
Book chapters on the topic "Climate quality evaluation"
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Duan, Weili, and Kaoru Takara. "Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Water Quality and Water Quality Incidents Over Japan." In Impacts of Climate and Human Activities on Water Resources and Quality, 57–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9394-5_4.
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Zahid, Maida, Juliane El Zohbi, Elisabeth Viktor, Diana Rechid, Susanne Schuck-Zöller, Elke Keup-Thiel, and Daniela Jacob. "Evaluation of Climate Services: Enabling Users to Assess the Quality of Multi-model Climate Projections and Derived Products." In Climate Change Management, 183–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36875-3_10.
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Tørseth, Kjetil, Wenche Aas, and Sverre Solberg. "The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) – A Coordinated Effort to Provide Harmonized Observation of Air Pollution and Atmospheric Composition." In Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change, 1–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_10-1.
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Jankulovska, Mirjana, Sonja Ivanovska, Ljupcho Jankuloski, Mile Markoski, Biljana Kuzmanovska, and Dane Boshev. "Evaluation of advanced wheat mutant lines for food and feed quality." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 209–19. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0021.
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Abstract The main goals of this study were to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat mutant lines; to detect the effect of genotype, location and different fertilizer levels on analysed traits; to assess seed and feed quality; and to select best performing mutant lines for dual-purpose growing. Ten wheat mutant lines were sown on two locations in Macedonia, for evaluation of their agronomic performance. At both locations, grain yield, straw mass, harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen and protein content in seed and straw, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in the straw were determined. In order to classify the genotypes based on all analysed traits, two-way cluster analysis was applied. According to their overall performance, at both locations and with the three different fertilization treatments, the mutant lines were classified in two main groups. The first cluster consisted of mutants 5/1-8, 2/2-21, 4/2-56 and 2/1-51, characterized by very high values for seed yield, straw yield and harvest index, and high to moderate values for all other traits. Only 4/2-56 had very low values for N and protein content in the seed. One mutant line, 6/2-2, did not belong to any of the groups and differed from all other genotypes based on its very low seed and straw yield and very high values for nitrogen and protein content in the straw and neutral detergent fibre. All other mutants belonged to the second group, with low to moderate yield and moderate to high values for the other traits. Mutant lines with the highest seed and straw yield, as well as the best quality of seed and straw under different management systems, were identified and after additional evaluation will be submitted for official variety registration.
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Invernizzi, G., R. Basile, A. Passerini, N. Calchi Novati, C. Bressi, A. Repossini, and P. Biglioli. "The Evaluation of the Emotional Climate in the Families of Cardiac Surgery Patients." In Impact of Cardiac Surgery on the Quality of Life, 45–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0647-4_6.
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Joseph, Ginson, and J. Bindu. "Quality Evaluation of Ready to Cook, Pressurized Indian White Prawns (Fenneropenaeus indicus)." In Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Cycle, Ecosystem, Fisheries and Food Security, 487–96. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299769-47.
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Kaliyappan, Shunmuga Priya, Balamurugan Panneerselvam, Kirubakaran Muniraj, Gopinath Rajendran, Butsawan Bidorn, and Maciej Thomas. "Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes Using the WQI and EWQI in Semi-Arid Regions in India." In Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Resources, 139–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04707-7_8.
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Moloney, Susie, Haydie Gooder, Heather McListon, Fran MacDonald, and Katrina Dunn. "Beyond a ‘Tick-Box Approach’ for Local Government Climate Change Adaptation: Learning Through Doing with Monitoring and Evaluation." In Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being, 47–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06940-6_4.
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Zanis, P., E. Katragkou, I. Tegoulias, I. Kioutsioukis, and D. Melas. "Regional Air Quality Simulations Over Europe in Present and Future Climate: Evaluation and Climate Change Impacts on Near Surface Ozone." In Advances in Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics, 1257–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29172-2_176.
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Scuderi, Alessandro, Luisa Sturiale, Giuseppe Timpanaro, Giovanni La Via, and Biagio Pecorino. "A Possible Circular Approach for Social Perception of Climate Adaptation Action Planning in Metropolitan Cities." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 155–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_11.
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AbstractOne of the factors that will affect the livability of cities and the overall citizens’ quality of life in the future is certainly climate change. Urban areas will play a fundamental role in the commitment against climate change and will have to develop appropriate adaptation actions, in accordance with the European Strategy against climate change, including the planning and implementation of Green Infrastructures (GIs). They produce various environmental and social benefits in the urban context. Various studies have shown that citizenship involvement at all levels is necessary for the evaluation of the sharing of the proposed projects. The research proposes an innovative methodological model to support administrations in the strategic planning choice of GIs according to a shared and circular approach. To perform a multi-layer assessment, the multi-criteria evaluation will be combined with the circular evaluation model called Green City Circle. The evaluation is set up as a circular process, followed by a first investigative phase, followed by a proactive phase of solutions and an implementation phase up to a final stage of evaluation of the results and strategies for long-term sustainability. The study was carried out in the city of Catania to test a planning and management tool for GIs envisaged by the administration as win–win climate adaptation measures.
Conference papers on the topic "Climate quality evaluation"
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Hu, Die, Lijuan Wang, Sha Sha, and Ni Guo. "Quality Evaluation of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture Product in Gansu Province." In 2018 7th International Conference on Agro-geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2018.8476052.
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Faulkner, Cary A., John E. Castellini Jr., Yingli Lou, Wangda Zuo, David M. Lorenzetti, and Michael D. Sohn. "Tradeoffs Between Indoor Air Quality and Sustainability for Indoor Virus Mitigation Strategies in Office Buildings." In American Modelica Conference 2022, Dallas, October 26-28. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp21186136.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has motivated building operators to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) through long-term sustainable solutions. This paper develops a modeling capability using the Modelica Buildings library to evaluate three indoor virus mitigation strategies: use of MERV 10 or MERV 13 filtration and supply of 100% outdoor air into a building with MERV 10 filtration. New evaluation metrics are created to consider the impact of improving IAQ on financial and environmental costs. The mitigation strategies are studied for medium office buildings in three locations in the United States with differing climates and electricity sources. The results show that use of 100% outdoor air can significantly improve IAQ with limited increases in costs in the milder climate, but leads to very high costs in the hot and humid and very cold climates. MERV 13 filtration can improve IAQ relative to MERV 10 filtration with small increases in costs in all locations.
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Vinay Nangia, Prasanna H. Gowda, David J. Mulla, and Kevin Kuehner. "Evaluation of Predicted Long-term Water Quality Trends to Changes in N Fertilizer Management Practices for a Cold Climate." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19816.
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Akcer, Batuhan, and Dale Dzemydiene. "APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF WATER QUALITY TREATMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." In 23rd Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020.016.
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With the additional conditions influencing the climate change and the population growth, it has added more pressure to the problems of sewage management systems and innovative cleaning technologies. Some different approaches for more effective management of water resources are analysed in this paper. The solutions can be tested whether they have led to the sustainable development of the countries such as Turkey, by taking more attention for best practices of EU countries (for example as Netherlands). By evaluating requirements of sustainable development we are trying to extract different criteria which help to evaluate the situation in water management sector. A case study of water treatment facilities in one enterprise (the Fertiliser Complex in Turkey) is analysed. Results show how some methods such as the highest consumption of wastewater evaluation and TOPSIS can help in situation evaluation process. The most wastewater consuming production zones are determined in the Fertiliser Complex and some pollution factors are determined according to the TOPSIS method.
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Badea, Elena, Cristina Carsote, Cristina Balaceanu, Oana Orza, Sabina Bosoc, Robert Streche, George Suciu, Zóra Barta, Valéria Tálai, and Zsolt Viniczay. "Understanding and Controlling the Environmental Quality in Museums through IoT: An International Research and Practice Collaboration to Support Museums in the Implementation of Climate Action." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.w.1.
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MUSEION project aims at developing an integrated IoT based platform for the sustainable management of environmental control and adaptation to climate change of museum collections. The MUSEION solution will thus provide the optimization of resources such costs, energy, staff workload, while contributing to carbon footprint reduction. This solution is a replicable IoT-based system, which will solve the problems of real objects in real conditions (sustainable environmental control and adaptation to climate change). It will consider the main components of the museum system that influence its optimal climate (i.e, museum itself, artworks and visitors) and will continuously monitor and allow visualization of environmental and air quality markers. The monitoring reports will be elaborated by a software designed to real-time calculate the overall Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Index. The main advantage provided by the MUSEION system consist in the simultaneous monitoring and evaluation of the environment quality and its impact on various artefacts in various conservation condition.
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Cinti, Giovanni, Umberto Desideri, Gabriele Discepoli, Elena Sisani, and Daniele Penchini. "Experimental Comparison and Performance Evaluation of Planar Solid Oxide Single Cell." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54760.
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Nowadays, in a world characterized by the need to reduce the production of pollutants, by global climate changes, by the progressive lack of availability of cheap fossil fuels, one of the most important goals of scientific research is to design systems that can provide energy with low environmental impact. Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are considered to be power generators with high efficiency independent on size and low emissions. Fuel cell laboratory (FCLab) of University of Perugia has focused his studies on SOFC operating at high temperature (800–1000°C), characterized by greater flexibility in the choice of fuel. This study focuses on definition and realization of experimental test able to define the quality of a SOFC single cell and on the effect of test condition parameter. The performance of the cell is evaluated via polarization curves realized in different external conditions. Area Specific Resistance (ASR) is used as main test output. Results analysis confirm that ASR gives important information on fuel cell performance and can be used to compare an qualify SOFC single cell.
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Papavinasam, Sankara, R. Winston Revie, and Michael Attard. "Selection of External Coatings for Northern Pipelines: Laboratory Methodologies for Evaluation and Qualification of Coatings." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0244.
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In the near future, the construction of northern pipelines for transmission of natural gas will begin in North America. Construction in the harsh northern climate, with temperatures as low as −45°C, and remote location will impose unique challenges with respect to protective coatings. It is critical that the design of coatings be adequate to protect the pipelines under long-term, severe environmental conditions, including the extreme climatic conditions that will apply in the North before the pipe is installed and operation begins. There are many quality coatings from which to choose for application on new pipelines. The main issue is in understanding how to select and use coatings on pipelines in new regimes (e.g. Northern pipelines), which may operate in a different environment than do existing pipelines. Uniform, standardized tests that would simulate the conditions during construction and operation of Northern pipelines will allow external pipeline coatings to be selected with confidence regarding anticipated long-term performance under operational conditions. Selection of mainline coatings is important, but there is also a need to focus on field-applied coatings for both repairs and joints. Methodologies and standards that are available to evaluate coatings are reviewed in this paper.
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Predanocyová, Ľubica, Gabriela Jonášková, and Melánia Feszterová. "APPLICATION OF TEACHER COMPETENCES IN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/01.
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"The requirements for the quality of the teacher's pedagogical work and its assessment are constantly increasing. The paper focused on knowledge related to teacher competence. It resulted from research activities in several scientific research projects (e.g. the Slovak Research and Development Agency, Evaluation of Teacher Competencies), implemented at the University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra (Slovakia). The team of Slovak experts and teachers monitored (researched) the possibilities of identifying a complex of relevant professional competencies that need to be taken and developed. Overall, the research work within the national survey in the Slovak Republic was determined ten essential competencies of a teacher. The aim of the paper is to introduce the competence of a teacher - the competence to develop a positive climate in the classroom. The positive climate in the classroom acts to shape the relationship between teacher and pupils. It affects the results of the pupil team and uses not only education but also training. Today (current) school is oriented on the personal and social development of the pupils. It is reflected not only in good school results, but also in the complexity of pupil values. As part of the research process, the participating experts and pedagogues developed tools and criteria for the evaluation and self-assessment of the teacher's quality and the teacher's applied competencies in educational practice. These competencies were presented through case studies and the use of the implementation of the AAA evaluation methodology model. We consider it important to point out that the teacher should be a professionally qualified pedagogue who is always competent to educate and train. The essential condition for his further qualification growth is, at the same time, focused on attention and his own self-improvement."
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McDaniel, Robin J. "Evaluation of Hybrid Nuclear Energy Systems." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59452.
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Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technologies have been recently deemed by the DOE as clean energy, a low carbon-dioxide emitting “alternative energy” source. Recent UN Sustainability Goals and Global Climate Talks to reduce the anthropomorphic Carbon-Dioxide atmospheric concentrations signal a renewed interest and need for nuclear power. The objective of this paper is to present an improved approach to the evaluation of “Hybrid Nuclear Energy Systems”. A hybrid energy system is defined as an energy system that utilizes two or more sources of energy to be used in single or multiple applications. Traditional single sourced energy or power systems require the amount of energy creation and the production of usable power to be carefully balanced. With the introduction of multiple energy sources, loads, and energy capacitors, the design, simulation, and operation of such hybrid systems requires a new approach to analysis and control. This paper introduces three examples of “Hybrid Nuclear Energy Systems”, for large scale power, industrial heat, and electricity generation. The system component independence, reliability, availability, and dynamic control aspects, coupled with component operational decisions presents a new way to optimize energy production and availability. Additional novel hybrid hydro-nuclear systems, concentrated solar-nuclear power desalination systems, and nuclear-insitu petroleum extraction systems are compared. The design aspects of such hybrid systems suitable for process heat, electricity generation, and/or desalination applications are discussed. After a multiple-year research study of past hybrid reactor designs and recent system proposals, the following design evaluation approach is the result of analysis of the best concepts discovered. This review of existing literature has summerized that postulated benefits of Hybrid Nuclear Sytems are; reduced greenhouse gas emissions, increased energy conversion efficiency, high reliability of electricity supply and consistent power quality, reduced fossil fuel dependence, less fresh water consumption, conversion of local coal or shale into higher value fuels, while lowering the risks and costs. As these proposed hybrid systems are interdisciplinary in nature, they will require a new multidisciplinary approach to systems evaluation.
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Karanisa, Theodora, Ahmed Ouammi, Helmi Hamdi, Imen Saadaoui, Noora Fetais, and Sami Sayadi. "A Design-led FEWW Nexus Approach for Qatar University." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0011.
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Demographic explosion, climate change, urbanization, change of life quality, and food demand have put extra pressure on Food, Energy, Water, and Waste (FEWW) resources.A special focus has been placed on university campuses as they are representative urban communities with a substantial need for food, energy, and water and they generate waste. Furthermore, universities can be models for the community as they can apply and disseminate new ideas. The case study of the Qatar University via the Doha Living Lab (DLL) generates ideas and gives solutions to the FEWW Nexus through urban agriculture practices adopted to the climatic conditions of Qatar. The DLL follows the M-NEX Design method consisting of three steps: Design Development, Design Evaluation, and Implementation by engaging stakeholders and the local community. The areas of the DLL increase food production on the campus while minimizing the use of energy and water, enhance biodiversity as well as soil quality by valorizing food waste. The carbon footprint of DLL is reduced by 2% when the same quantity of food is produced locally than imported. This applies when 75% of the energy needs come from renewable sources, 75% of the needed animal feed comes from bio waste, and finally, when novel greenhouse technologies are utilized with low energy consumption. According to the research results, the FEWW Nexus and food production on campus can be sustainable in terms of low carbon footprint with minimal resource use, use of renewable energy sources, and food waste valorization.
Reports on the topic "Climate quality evaluation"
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Schuck-Zöller, Susanne, Sebastian Bathiany, Markus Dressel, Juliane El Zohbi, Elke Keup-Thiel, Diana Rechid, and Suhari Mirko. Developing criteria of successful processes in co-creative research. A formative evaluation scheme for climate services. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.541.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and its socio-ecological impacts affect all sectors of society. To tackle the multiple risks of climate change the field of climate services evolved during the last decades. In this scientific field products to be applied in practice are developed in constant interaction between climate service providers and users. To judge the effectiveness of these co-creation endeavours, evaluation is crucial. At present, output and outcome assessments are conducted occasionally in this research field. However, the summative evaluation does not help to adjust the ongoing process of co-creation. Thus, our work focuses on the formative evaluation of co-creative development of science-based climate service products. As the first step, main characteristics of the product development process were identified empirically. Secondly, we determined the six sub- processes of climate service product development and related process steps. Thirdly, we selected the questions for the formative evaluation relevant to all the sub-processes and process-steps. Then, a literature review delivered the theoretical background for further work and revealed further quality aspects. These aspects from literature were brought together with our results from the empirical work. In the end, we created a new scheme of quality criteria and related assessment questions for the different sub-processes in climate services, based on both, empirical and theoretical work. As the authors take into account the process of co-production in a real-life case, the criteria and assessment questions proposed are operational and hands-on. The quality aspects refer to the five principles of applicability, theoretical and empirical foundation, professionalism, transparency of processes and the disclosure of preconditions. They are elaborated comprehensively in our study. The resulting formative evalu- ation scheme is novel in climate service science and practice and useful in improving the co-creation processes in climate services and beyond.
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Ruosteenoja, Kimmo. Applicability of CMIP6 models for building climate projections for northern Europe. Finnish Meteorological Institute, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361416.
Full textAbstract:
In this report, we have evaluated the performance of nearly 40 global climate models (GCMs) participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The focus is on the northern European area, but the ability to simulate southern European and global climate is discussed as well. Model evaluation was started with a technical control; completely unrealistic values in the GCM output files were identified by seeking the absolute minimum and maximum values. In this stage, one GCM was rejected totally, and furthermore individual output files from two other GCMs. In evaluating the remaining GCMs, the primary tool was the Model Climate Performance Index (MCPI) that combines RMS errors calculated for the different climate variables into one index. The index takes into account both the seasonal and spatial variations in climatological means. Here, MCPI was calculated for the period 1981—2010 by comparing GCM output with the ERA-Interim reanalyses. Climate variables explored in the evaluation were the surface air temperature, precipitation, sea level air pressure and incoming solar radiation at the surface. Besides MCPI, we studied RMS errors in the seasonal course of the spatial means by examining each climate variable separately. Furthermore, the evaluation procedure considered model performance in simulating past trends in the global-mean temperature, the compatibility of future responses to different greenhouse-gas scenarios and the number of available scenario runs. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures were likewise explored in a qualitative sense, but owing to the non-existence of data from multiple GCMs, these variables were not incorporated in the quantitative validation. Four of the 37 GCMs that had passed the initial technical check were regarded as wholly unusable for scenario calculations: in two GCMs the responses to the different greenhouse gas scenarios were contradictory and in two other GCMs data were missing from one of the four key climate variables. Moreover, to reduce inter-GCM dependencies, no more than two variants of any individual GCM were included; this led to an abandonment of one GCM. The remaining 32 GCMs were divided into three quality classes according to the assessed performance. The users of model data can utilize this grading to select a subset of GCMs to be used in elaborating climate projections for Finland or adjacent areas. Annual-mean temperature and precipitation projections for Finland proved to be nearly identical regardless of whether they were derived from the entire ensemble or by ignoring models that had obtained the lowest scores. Solar radiation projections were somewhat more sensitive.
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Máñez Costa, Maria, Amy M. P. Oen, Tina-Simone Schmid Neset, Loius Celliers, Mirko Suhari, Jo-Ting Huang-Lachmann, Rafael Pimentel, et al. Co-production of Climate Services : A diversity of approaches and good practice from the ERA4CS projects (2017–2021). Linköping Univeristy Electronic Press, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179291990.
Full textAbstract:
This guide presents a joint effort of projects funded under the European Research Area for Climate Services (ERA4CS) (http://www.jpi-climate.eu/ERA4CS), a co- funded action initiated by JPI Climate with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462), 15 national public Research Funding Organisations (RFOs), and 30 Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) from 18 European countries. This guide sets out to increase the understanding of different pathways, methods, and approaches to improve knowledge co-production of climate services with users as a value-added activity of the ERA4CS Programme. Reflecting on the experiences of 16 of the 26 projects funded under ERA4CS, this guide aims to define and recommend good practices for transdisciplinary knowledge co-production of climate services to researchers, users, funding agencies, and private sector service providers. Drawing on responses from ERA4CS project teams to a questionnaire and interviews, this guide maps the diversity of methods for stakeholder identification, involvement, and engagement. It also conducts an analysis of methods, tools, and mechanisms for engagement as well as evaluation of co-production processes. This guide presents and discusses good practice examples based on the review of the ERA4CS projects, identifying enablers and barriers for key elements in climate service co-production processes. These were: namely (i) Forms of Engagement; (ii) Entry Points for Engagement; and, (iii) Intensity of Involvement. It further outlines key ingredients to enhance the quality of co-producing climate services with users and stakeholders. Based on the analysis of the lessons learned from ERA4CS projects, as well as a review of key concepts in the recent literature on climate service co-production, we provide a set of recommendations for researchers, users, funders and private sector providers of climate services.
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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross, and Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
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Johnson, Billy, and Zhonglong Zhang. The demonstration and validation of a linked watershed-riverine modeling system for DoD installations : user guidance report version 2.0. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40425.
Full textAbstract:
A linked watershed model was evaluated on three watersheds within the U.S.: (1) House Creek Watershed, Fort Hood, TX; (2) Calleguas Creek Watershed, Ventura County, CA; and (3) Patuxent River Watershed, MD. The goal of this demonstration study was to show the utility of such a model in addressing water quality issues facing DoD installations across a variety of climate zones. In performing the demonstration study, evaluations of model output with regards to accuracy, predictability and meeting regulatory drivers were completed. Data availability, level of modeling expertise, and costs for model setup, validation, scenario analysis, and maintenance were evaluated in order to inform installation managers on the time and cost investment needed to use a linked watershed modeling system. Final conclusions were that the system evaluated in this study would be useful for answering a variety of questions posed by installation managers and could be useful in developing management scenarios to better control pollutant runoff from installations.
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Alexander, Serena E., Mariela Alfonzo, and Kevin Lee. Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2027.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strategies through banking and exchanges– allowing multiple development projects to fund a variety of strategies to reduce VMT elsewhere in the city or region. While the shift from LOS to VMT has generally been lauded, concerns remain about how to apply SB 743 effectively and equitably. This study aimed to: 1) understand how local governments are addressing this shift toward VMT while ensuring equity, including its approaches to off-site VMT mitigation; and 2) evaluate the various built environment factors that impact VMT, which should be considered by local governments, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study posited that both micro and macro level aspects of the built environment needed to be considered when evaluating the impacts of proposed development on VMT, not only to ensure higher accuracy VMT models, but also because of the potential equity implications of off-site mitigation measures. Using multiple linear regression, the study shows that macroscale built environment features such as land use, density, housing, and employment access have a statistically significant impact on reducing VMT (35%), along with transit access (15%), microscale features such as sidewalks, benches, and trees (13%), and income (6%). More notably, a four-way interaction was detected, indicating that VMT is dependent on the combination of macro and micro level built environment features, public transit access, and income. Additionally, qualitative interviews indicate that transportation practitioners deal with three types of challenges in the transition to VMT impact mitigation: the lack of reliable, standardized VMT measure and evaluation tools; the lack of a strong legal foundation for VMT as a component of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and the challenge of distributing off-site VMT mitigation equitably. Overall, findings support a nuanced, multi-factor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed, both in terms of modeling VMT, but also when considering whether offsite mitigation would be appropriate. The results of this study can help California ensure equitable VMT mitigation that better aligns with the state’s climate goals.
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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.
Full textAbstract:
Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.