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Journal articles on the topic 'Climate laws'

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Published: 7 July 2024

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1

Dubash, Navroz K. "Climate laws help reduce emissions." Nature Climate Change 10, no. 8 (July 13, 2020): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0853-6.

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Mugga, Jovan Ivan, Joyeeta Gupta, and René Lefeber. "Shaping Africa’s Climate Action through Climate Litigation: An Impact Assessment." Recht in Afrika 26, no. 1 (2023): 26–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2023-1-26.

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The academic literature scarcely covers court cases from the Global South on climate change. Hence, this paper examines the impact of existing climate litigation on shaping Africa’s climate action and the role of courts in climate change jurisprudence on the continent. The paper determines that: NGOs are key actors in challenging state granted environmental authorisations of projects whose activities violate human rights, affect climate change, and contravene formal procedures. Courts are deciding that fossil fuel activities like gas flaring violate fundamental human rights and exacerbate climate change. They call for amending laws allowing for such activities to bring them in conformity with laws on the protection of fundamental human rights. In a balancing act of the socio-economic rights and environmental human rights violations courts acknowledge that fossil fuels form part of the energy mix of sources on account of existing government laws and policies aimed at addressing priorities like energy security and poverty alleviation, a context that should inform climate change action. The implication is that short of laws banning fossil fuel activities, these activities will continue under enabling laws thus limiting the extent of court’s intervention in challenging climate change.
3

Huang, Jennifer. "Exploring Climate Framework Laws and The Future of Climate Action." Pace Environmental Law Review 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.58948/0738-6206.1849.

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Henderson, Janis, Jennifer K. Chapman, Shera Thomas-Jackson, Lauren Kelly, and Miriam Mulsow. "Campus Climate." Clinical Lactation 8, no. 4 (2017): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.8.4.158.

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A return to work and school presents mothers with barriers to breastfeeding. Concerns include negative attitudes toward breastfeeding, scheduling and break-time, and appropriate, private space. Current federal laws require worksite support and provision of adequate accommodations for lactation purposes, as do some state laws. An evaluation of faculty, staff, and students (N = 510) at a large public university, assessed breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and support following the implementation of new mother-friendly policies and lactation rooms. Additionally, awareness of the lactation rooms and university policies were assessed. Overall, the university climate reflected high breastfeeding knowledge and positive attitudes. Employees had higher awareness of the new lactation facilities and university policies than did students. Implementation limitations were a need for education and awareness efforts targeted to students. Future directions for worksites and schools are addressed.
5

Pelley, Janet. "States take lead on climate change laws." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 2 (January 2004): 30A—31A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0403413.

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Wenta, Joseph, Jan McDonald, and Jeffrey S. McGee. "Enhancing Resilience and Justice in Climate Adaptation Laws." Transnational Environmental Law 8, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102518000286.

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AbstractResilience thinking – an approach for understanding and managing change – is increasingly central to climate change adaptation law and policy. Yet the influence of adaptation law and policy on the distribution of climate impacts is often overlooked in studies of socio-ecological resilience to climate change. This article demonstrates how environmental justice scholarship helps to address this gap in the literature relating to adaptation law and resilience. Drawing on existing literature, the article identifies four principles to promote resilience and justice through climate adaptation laws. Climate adaptation laws must (i) prepare for, and respond to, change; (ii) address the distributive effects of climate change and adaptation; (iii) promote participation in adaptation processes; and (iv) cross sectors and scales. Each criterion can be implemented in part through existing legal processes, but might also be further supported by incremental law reform. Developing both resilience and justice dimensions will enhance the effectiveness of adaptation laws in addressing climate impacts.
7

Johnston, Jane, and Mark Pearson. "Australia’s media climate: Time to renegotiate control." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v14i2.945.

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In 2007, Australia was rated by two international media bodies as well down the chain in media freedom. Within its own borders, internal media groups—in particular the Australian Press Council and the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, as well as a consortium of major employer groups—have recently released reports investigating the position of media freedoms. This atricle examines a select few of these shrinking freedoms which range from the passive restrcitions on access to documents to the overt threat of imprisonment for publishing sensitive material. In particular, it considers laws relating to freedom of information, camera access to courts, shield laws and whistleblower protection and finally revamped anti-terrorism laws. The article maps the landscape of Australia's downgraded press fredom and suggests that laws controlling media reportage need to be renegotiated.
8

Kehinde, A. O., and O. Abifarin. "Legal Framework for Combating Climate Change in Nigeria." Kutafin Law Review 9, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2713-0525.2022.3.21.395-414.

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A very important issue that needs to be addressed urgently across the globe is the issue of climate change. Nigeria as a country is not left out in the battle against climate change. One of the major things that results in the change in climate is the low level or inadequate laws governing activities which lead to climate change. The laws available are ineffective as the level of compliance with the existing laws is extremely low; ignorance on the part of Nigerians is another major issue as an average Nigerian is not aware that his/her day-to-day activities might result in a change in climatic condition. The concept of climate change is a concept in Nigeria that has received a bit of recognition but has not been addressed as it ought to be. This paper examines the effects of climate change on Nigerians and the Nigeria environment in its totality; it further makes an overview of the international conventions on climate change while evaluating the adoption of the international conventions by Nigeria. It examines the laws put in place by the Nigeria government in relation to environmental protection generally and further considers their effectiveness. It concludes that there is no solid legal framework to combat climate change in Nigeria and that the laws put in place to govern environmental protection in Nigeria are grossly inadequate. It protection in Nigeria are grossly inadequate. It recommends that new laws should as a matter of urgency be promulgated to tackle the menace of climate change in Nigeria.
9

C McCormack, Phillipa. "Climate Change, Wildfires and Wetland Ecosystem Services." University of Queensland Law Journal 39, no. 3 (December 10, 2020): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.38127/uqlj.v39i3.5655.

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Australia’s 2019–20 fire season has been described as the ‘Black Summer’. Vast swathes of the continent burned, including areas that have not been fire-prone in the past, such as wet rainforest and alpine wetlands. This article considers the implications of more frequent and intense wildfires for wetland ecosystems and the extremely valuable ecosystem services that they provide. The article investigates what Australia’s laws have to say about restoring ecosystem services after extreme events such as fire. In particular, the article considers the extent to which existing laws anticipate the possibility of ecosystem transformation, asking: what do our laws require if restoration is not possible?
10

McCormack, Phillipa C., Jan McDonald, and Kerryn A. Brent. "Governance of Land-based Negative-emission Technologies to Promote Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons from Australia." Climate Law 10, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01002001.

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Climate change is a fundamental threat to biodiversity. Climate mitigation in general, and Negative-Emission Technologies (nets) in particular, have the potential to benefit biodiversity by reducing climate impacts. Domestic laws could help to ensure that nets have benefits for biodiversity adaptation to climate change (e.g. reducing land clearing and habitat loss and facilitating habitat restoration, corridors for species’ migration, and broader ecological resilience). Domestic laws will also need to govern trade-offs between nets and biodiversity adaptation (e.g. increased competition for land and landscape-scale fragmentation by new industrial developments and linear infrastructure). We argue that domestic laws should be used to maximize the benefits of nets while minimizing trade-offs for biodiversity. These laws should ensure that trade-offs are, at the very least, explicit and transparent, both in terms of their implications for current biodiversity and in the context of an acceleration of climate-driven biodiversity decline.
11

Rumble, O. "Facilitating African Climate Change Adaptation Through Framework Laws." Carbon & Climate Law Review 13, no. 4 (2019): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/cclr/2019/4/4.

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12

Getman, Anatolii P., Yevhen A. Getman, and Viacheslav I. Lozo. "Climate Protection Laws: European Reality and Ukrainian Prospects." Environmental Policy and Law 49, no. 2-3 (August 16, 2019): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-190156.

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13

Scotford, Eloise, Stephen Minas, and Andrew Macintosh. "Climate change and national laws across Commonwealth countries." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 43, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2017): 318–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050718.2017.1439361.

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14

Ferrey, Steven. "Tightening the Legal ‘Net’: The Constitution’s Supremacy Clause Straddle of the Power Divide." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 10.2 (2021): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.10.2.tightening.

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This article analyzes Constitutional Supremacy Clause tensions in preempting state law that addresses climate change and the rapid warming of the Planet. Net metering laws, enacted in 80% of U.S. states, are a primary legal mechanism to control and mitigate climate warming. This article analyzes three recent federal court decisions creating a preemptive Supremacy Clause stand-off between federal and state law and presents a detailed state-by-state analysis of which those 80% of states’ laws could be preempted by legal challenge. If state net metering laws affected only ordinary technologies, this issue would not be front and center with global warming. However, state net metering laws are the most widely deployed U.S. incentive for renewable energy to address climate warming. This article examines and documents, state-by-state, that 75% of the states with questionable legal practices a decade ago have changed their laws to avoid legal prohibitions, while some others have not. At the federal level, the federal government recently revised regulations substantially restricted four decades of federal regulatory incentives for small renewable energy projects pursuant to the key statute that President Jimmy Carter characterized as the federal response to fight the “moral equivalent of war!” In its conclusion, this article provides a legal path for states to insulate their state laws from Constitutional challenge while still effectively addressing climate change. There is much at risk in the legal structure of U.S. state net metering laws, as world climate approaches the tipping points that will alter regional and global environmental balances irreversible within the time span of our current civilization.
15

Dunayeva, Anastasia S. "Modern Carbon Regulation in Russia: Assessment of Limitations and Possible Solutions." Energy Law Forum, no. 4 (2023): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.61525/s231243500029319-8.

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With the climate agenda becoming increasingly important at the state level, we need to develop approaches and implement measures to effectively manage greenhouse gas emissions, as well create a regulatory framework that will contribute to the wider adoption of low-carbon development practices. Climate regulation laws are currently being actively developed and improved in Russia. Some aspects of the existing laws require clarification. The article analyzes aspects of corporate management in the field of climate change adaptation, the legal framework providing climate regulation and some of its vulnerabilities, as well as ways to eliminate the identified shortcomings.
16

Luo, Shih-Hsiung, and Gwo-Guang Lee. "Key Factors for Knowledge Management Implementation." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 41, no. 3 (April 1, 2013): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.3.463.

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Although ethical climate, trust, satisfaction, and commitment are related to knowledge management (KM), there are at present few studies in which the way ethical climate affects KM through trust, satisfaction, and commitment has been emphasized. Our aim was to fill this research gap by examining different ethical climates in this context. We found that principleoriented climates of company rules and procedures (CRP) and laws and professional codes (LPC) affected KM positively and directly, the benevolence-oriented climate of team interest (TI) influenced KM positively but indirectly, and the effect of trust on commitment was indirect but fully mediated through satisfaction in TI and LPC. We used structural equation modeling for data analysis to map the relationships between KM practices and the key factors.
17

Robertson, David Brian. "Leader to Laggard: How Founding Institutions Have Shaped American Environmental Policy." Studies in American Political Development 34, no. 1 (April 2020): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x20000024.

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The U.S. led the world in environmental policy in the 1970s, but now lags behind comparable nations and resists joining others in tackling climate change. Two embedded, entwined, and exceptional American institutions—broad private property rights and competitive federalism—are necessary for explaining this shift. These two institutions shaped the exceptional stringency of 1970s American environmental laws and the powerful backlash against these laws that continues today. American colonies ensured broad private rights to use land and natural resources for profit. The colonies and the independent state governments that followed wielded expansive authority to govern this commodified environment. In the 1780s, Congress underwrote state governance of the privatized environment by directing the parceling and transfer of federal land to private parties and of environmental governance to future states. The 1787 Constitution cemented these relationships and exposed states to interstate economic competition. Environmental laws of the 1970s imposed unprecedented challenges to the environmental prerogatives long protected by these institutions, and the beneficiaries responded with a wide-ranging counterattack. Federalism enabled this opposition to build powerful regional alliances to stymie action on climate change. These overlooked institutional factors are necessary to explain why Canadian and American environmental policies have diverged.
18

Wang, Muxi. "Recommendations for Improvements under the United States Current Environmental Law." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 16, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/16/20231011.

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As the global climate became more and more unpredictable and devastating in the past few decades, the discussion on the avoidance and remediation of climate-related activities was attracted exclusive attention both in the international and national level. As a result, environmental laws and policies were enacted to urge the public as well as governmental officials to both restrict greenhouse gas emission and reduce exploitation and deforestation. This article focuses on identifying the gaps between the environmental laws in United States and international environmental laws or policies, and propose innovative or alternative solutions that the government could adopt in within a pragmatic scenario. More specifically, this article emphasizes on three approaches: climate funds, insurance, and healthcare. The three approaches altogether examine the potential improvements of U.S. environmental laws in the perspectives of economics as well as social security. Therefore, it is determined that the eventual influence on the entire society, if the nation emended the law, would be considered cross-sectionally beneficial.
19

Bergquist, Magnus, Andreas Nilsson, Niklas Harring, and Sverker C. Jagers. "Meta-analyses of fifteen determinants of public opinion about climate change taxes and laws." Nature Climate Change 12, no. 3 (March 2022): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01297-6.

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AbstractPublic acceptance is a precondition for implementing taxes and laws aimed at mitigating climate change. However, it still remains challenging to understand its determinants for the climate community. Here, we use a meta-analytic approach to examine the role of public opinion about climate change taxes and laws. Fifteen variables were examined by synthesizing 89 datasets from 51 articles across 33 countries, with a total sample of 119,465 participants. Among all factors, perceived fairness and effectiveness were the most important determinants. Self-enhancement values and knowledge about climate change showed weak relationships and demographic variables showed only weak or close to zero effects. Our meta-analytic results provide useful insights and have the potential to inform climate change researchers, practitioners and policymakers to better design climate policy instruments.
20

Gulliver, Robyn E., Robin Banks, Kelly S. Fielding, and Winnifred R. Louis. "The Criminalization of Climate Change Protest." Contention 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 24–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cont.2023.110103.

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Abstract This article examines the strategies used by a democratic state to suppress dissent by criminalizing social protest activities. We compile and tabulate new legislation in Australia affecting protest rights from 2010 to 2020. Using data collected from the Facebook pages of 728 environmental groups and climate-related arrests reported in media articles, we then examine connections between climate change protest and protest criminalization in Australia between 2010 and 2019. Australian governments are shown to have criminalized climate protest via large-scale arrests by introducing laws curtailing protest freedoms and expanding police and corporate discretionary power in the application of those laws. State, corporate, and media actors are shown to engage in the rhetorical criminalization of climate protest, portraying protesters as threats to economic and political interests and to national security. However, the ongoing growth of climate change activism indicates that these criminalization strategies seeking to prevent climate protest may have been largely ineffective.
21

Jani, Aditi, and Mayuri Pandya. "AN ANALYSIS OF LAWS REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE: A TRANSNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE." VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47413/vidya.v1i1.85.

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“In spite of a lack of environmental care in the Indian Constitution, India has established a number of important environmental legislation since its independence, despite the lack of environmental concern in the Indian Constitution. However, environmental legislation in India is being developed piecemeal and in response to specific events that have occurred. In the development of Indian environmental legislation, these may be found. The 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm paved the way for future environmental and climate change legislation. On that basis, the Indian parliament adopted many laws and placed environmental measures in the Constitution, such as Articles 48 A and 51 A. (g). Climate change is now having a subtle but profound effect on Indian society. There has been recent progress toward passing a climate change bill under the country's current legislation, while at the UN Lima summit, member nations agreed on cutting Earth-warming greenhouse gas emissions. This year, on the 147th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's birth on October 2, 2016, India approved the National Determined Contribution (NDC). Basic climate change law features are explained in this article, with an emphasis on those topics that are likely to be essential for some time to come and on main drivers of climate change law development. Environmental, energy, corporate, and international law all play a role in the development of the evolving climate change legislation. Any attempt to combat climate change raises questions regarding the correct role and relationship of state and federal governments. What follows will serve as a basic overview of an increasingly complicated and dynamic field.”
22

Tari, Vahyala A., and Emmanuel C. Diah. "Challenges and Prospects of the Legal Frameworks for Combatting Climate Change in Nigeria." AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujacog.2024.009.

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This paper examined the phenomenon of climate change through a series of legal frameworks to mitigate the effects. Nigeria, being a party to many global conventions against climate change has many domestic policies towards reacting to the phenomenon of climate change. Some of these legal expositions include the Climate Change Act 2021, The National Environmental Standard and Relations Enforcement Agency Act,2007, the National Climate Change Policy, International Measures in Combatting Climate Change etc. However, the implementation of the aforementioned policies has been a great challenge to the Nigerian government and stakeholders amounting to the present devastating effect of the phenomenon in the lives and livelihoods of the people across the world especially the third world countries and Nigeria to be specific. Some of the climate change events manifest in the forms of drought, erosion, changeable rainfall, degradation of land, dirty air etc. giving rise to loss of biodiversity, and intense flooding among others. This study relied on secondary data from newspapers, published research papers, policy documents on climate change and other unpublished literature in reaction to the subject matter. Some of these challenges include ineffective enforcement and implementation of existing legislation, and non-domestication of international climate change treaties amongst others. In light of the existing challenges, the study hopes to motivate Nigerian lawmakers, policymakers and relevant stakeholders towards more proactive legislation in combating climate issues in Nigeria. The study recommended that to enhance access to justice, climate change legislation should adopt a liberal approach to locus standi requirements, and review and revise existing legislations and policies that are relevant to climate change regulation such as environmental laws, energy laws, taxation laws, etc.
23

Oh, Seok-Youn. "Effect of Ethical Climate in Hotel Companies on Organizational Trust and Organizational Citizenship Behavior." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 7886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137886.

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This study identifies the factors of ethical climate in hotel companies in light of the growing importance of ethics in corporate management. It determines the effects those factors have on organizational trust and, in turn, the effect organizational trust has on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A survey was conducted on employees working at five-star hotels in Seoul, Korea, followed by an empirical analysis of the data. The ethical climate in hotel companies comprises seven factors: self-interest, efficiency, friendship and team interest, social responsibility, personal morality, rules and standard operating procedures, and laws and professional codes. The following were discovered. First, among these ethical climate factors, social responsibility, personal morality, rules and standard operating procedures, and laws and professional codes affected trust in supervisors. Second, social responsibility and laws and professional codes affected trust in the organization; trust in the supervisor and organization—factors of organizational trust—affected the OCB directed toward individuals and the organization. Based on these results, this study provides ways to increase organizational trust and improve the OCB of employees by creating an ethical climate in hotel companies.
24

Fuo, Oliver, Cathrin Zengerling, and Debora Sotto. "A Comparative Legal Analysis of Urban Climate Mitigation and Adaptation in the Building Sector in Brazil, Germany, and South Africa." Climate Law 12, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 32–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-12010002.

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Abstract This article aims to contribute to the growing body of urban climate-governance research from a comparative legal perspective. It analyses the climate-related mitigation and adaptation efforts in the building sector of three cities: Cape Town (South Africa), Hamburg (Germany), and São Paulo (Brazil). We examine national, state, and local laws and policies with a focus on building-related energy, water, and green infrastructure. The comparative analysis reveals similarities and differences in multilevel building-related laws and policies that partly enhance and partly limit cities’ climate-mitigation and adaptation efforts. The study also carves out synergies, conflicts, and key challenges in building-related climate mitigation and adaptation at the city level and suggests how identified shortcomings could be overcome.
25

Garner, Eric L. "Adapting water laws to increasing demand and a changing climate." Water International 41, no. 6 (August 24, 2016): 883–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1214775.

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26

Rayens, Mary Kay, Nancy L. York, Sarah M. Adkins, Erin L. Kaufman, and Ellen J. Hahn. "Political Climate and Smoke-Free Laws in Rural Kentucky Communities." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 13, no. 2 (May 2012): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154412456434.

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27

Morton, Graeme. "Population Checks and Natural Laws: Malthus, Climate Determinism and Emigration." Northern Scotland 15, no. 1 (May 2024): 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2024.0305.

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Through the lens of emergent laws of climatology developed to advance the scientific foundations and popular reach of practical meteorology in the nineteenth century, this article examines the checks on population and the global movement of people linked to reoccurring climate patterns and abnormal climatic events. Meteorological research contributed to debates within political economy and the public health movement, and to the disputed moral rationale for poor law reform. Scientific authority for this new analysis rested on a network of personal, religious, and professional links between T.R. Malthus, Thomas Chalmers, Francis Jeffrey, David Brewster, James D. Forbes, James Stark, Edwin Chadwick and William Pulteney Alison. The work of climate determinists argued that several causations were simultaneously affecting the nation’s vital statistics. The potential advantage to health from moving on a permanent basis to a more salubrious climate was explored. Adding further to the conundrum of colonisation, and the case for assisted migration, the laws of climatology offered reasons why any migrants pulled into parts of urban and Highland Scotland by freed resource – the vacuum effect – would still experience a positive Malthusian check on their life chances.
28

Raitbaur, Louisa. "The New German Coal Laws: A Difficult Balancing Act." Climate Law 11, no. 2 (July 22, 2021): 176–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-11020003.

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Abstract The German government adopted a coal exit law in 2020. The law enshrines a coal exit pathway through to 2038 and provides for significant compensation for coal companies. An accompanying structural-support law is to create new prospects for coal regions and workers. The development of the laws involved participation by the public, experts, interest groups, and the German states. Concerns about just transition and climate justice played an important role. The final laws were nevertheless met with a significant degree of dissatisfaction from stakeholders across the political spectrum, science, industry, and ngo s. Flaws in the participation process and deviation from expert recommendations have been raised as criticisms. The climate ambition, economic rationale, and social-justice effects of the laws have been contested. Repeal of the laws in any substantive way nevertheless seems unlikely.
29

Sarangi, Unmana. "GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, SMART URBANIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS FOR GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3115.

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Abstract: The research study entitled ‘Global Environment, Climate Change, Smart Urbanization and International Environment Laws for Global Sustainable Development’ focuses on the issues relating to the global environment, climate change, smart urbanization and the international environmental laws that determine these global indicators in achieving sustainable development goals and in trying to assess the linkages and implications of these macro variables as key determinants of the global environment and climate change. Thus, the problem associated with this research study is a global phenomenon that definitely has national, sub-national, and regional implications/ramifications across economies. These macro variables are scientific and practical determinants of the way global economies move forward and the problems encountered by various economies in the light of the global environment, climate, and rapid smart urbanization changes. Hence, the research problem which the research study focuses on is a realistic and practical one that encompasses, covers, and determines the major macro aspects of the global economies. The aspects dealt in the research study covers among others issues such as global environment, climate change, smart urbanization, and international environmental laws, IPCC, Paris Agreement on Climate Change and NDCs, promoting climate-resilient smart and rapid urbanization, exploration of climate change legislation, global environmental governance systems to promote peace, justice and development and in fulfillment of environmental and human rights connected with it, etc., The most important conclusions drawn from the research study is that United Nations has been playing a major role as the unique international organization which has been making all-out efforts to mitigate climate change, adopt climate-resilient measures for effective, smart and rapid urbanization in cities, reshaping these measures to attain global sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and in impacting global infrastructure for global sustainable development.
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Yamamoto, Lilian, Diogo Andreola Serraglio, and Fernanda de Salles Cavedon-Capdeville. "Human mobility in the context of climate change and disasters: a South American approach." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2017-0069.

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Purpose This paper aims to assess to what extent South American countries have integrated recommendations of the international agenda to address human mobility in the context of disasters and climate change in their national laws and policies. Design/methodology/approach This research sought to find the level of discussions around human mobility in disaster laws, NDCs and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) by looking for a range of search terms connected to human mobility in the context of disasters and climate change, followed by the content analysis of these terms. Findings Some advances with regards to human mobility are already confirmed in the domestic level of South American countries through humanitarian visas to disaster displaced persons and the inclusion of the topic in the DRR, climate change laws, NAPs and INDCs/NDCs. But they have not developed specific strategies with regards to it. Hence, their advances still require that national norms and policies are harmonized with the international guidelines. This will enable to fill the protection gap of people in context of disasters and climate change. Originality/value The results assess the level of harmonization above-mentioned between international instruments with national policies on human mobility in the context of disasters and climate change in South America.
31

Mörner, Nils-Axel. "Global Climate Socialism (GCS)." Studies in Media and Communication 6, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v6i2.3873.

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Climate has always changed, and will always change. The present global warming (1970-2000) is real, but driven by natural forces (NGW) not anthropogenic (CO2) forces (AGW). Observational facts and physical laws set the frames of what is possible, and what must be discarded as nonsense. Despite this the IPCC concept of AGW forcing has gained remarkable international recognition; not because of its own merits but thanks to a very effective lobbying campaign. It has rather taken the form of a new world order with obeying, paying and silence in the center, all strong signs of the establishment of a global climatic socialism system.
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Benn, Douglas I., Nicholas R. J. Hulton, and Ruth H. Mottram. "‘Calving laws’, ‘sliding laws’ and the stability of tidewater glaciers." Annals of Glaciology 46 (2007): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871161.

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AbstractA new calving criterion is introduced, which predicts calving where the depth of surface crevasses equals ice height above sea level. Crevasse depth is calculated from strain rates, and terminus position and calving rate are therefore functions of ice velocity, strain rate, ice thickness and water depth. We couple the calving criterion with three ‘sliding laws’, in which velocity is controlled by (1) basal drag, (2) lateral drag and (3) a combination of the two. In model 1, velocities and strain rates are dependent on effective pressure, and hence ice thickness relative to water depth. Imposed thinning can lead to acceleration and terminus retreat, and ice shelves cannot form. In model 2, ice velocity is independent of changes in ice thickness unless accompanied by changes in surface gradient. Velocities are strongly dependent on channel width, and calving margins tend to stabilize at flow-unit widenings. Model 3 exhibits the combined characteristics of the other two models, and suggests that calving glaciers are sensitive to imposed thickness changes if basal drag provides most resistance to flow, but stable if most resistance is from lateral drag. Ice shelves can form if reduction of basal drag occurs over a sufficiently long spatial scale. In combination, the new calving criterion and the basal–lateral drag sliding function (model 3) can be used to simulate much of the observed spectrum of behaviour of calving glaciers, and present new opportunities to model ice-sheet response to climate change.
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Kochhar, Sahira. "GUN LAWS IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15472.

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This article will provide a critical analysis of the causes and impacts of gun violence and the contemporary mass killings in the USA, assessing the effectiveness of federal firearm laws such as stand-your-ground, open carry, and permit laws in tackling the issue. This article places emphasis on the factors responsible for these incidents and how they were shaped, along with their immediate and long-term impacts. The significance of the Second Amendment will also be explored, along with how it is interpreted. Therefore, it will explore whether existing gun laws in the USA make it all the more difficult to bring about a sense of peace and justice in the country. After all, given the current political climate and soaring rates of gun violence in the USA, the impacts of gun laws on crime rates are important to explore. To further the investigation, this statement will be evaluated via the examination of gun laws and recent incidents.
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Alabi, S. "Using Litigation to Enforce Climate Obligations under Domestic and International Laws." Carbon & Climate Law Review 6, no. 3 (2012): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/cclr/2012/3/219.

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Okpara, Chizoba, and Chinonso Onwuchekwa. "Climate Change Laws: The Catholicon to the Farmer-Herder Crises in Nigeria." International Journal of Law and Policy 8, no. 1 (March 8, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijlp.1832.

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Purpose: The weight of overwhelming scientific evidence indicates that human-induced climate change is occurring in Nigeria, with the northern areas of the country faced with massive desertification. This has forced the northern herders down south in search of green pastures and on the farms of southerners who depend on these crops for a living. The resultant incessant clashes, this time with more sophisticated arms and weapons, take their toll in lives and property. The major problem envisaged in this work is the erroneous belief by the Federal Government that the proposed establishment of cattle colonies - Rural Grazing Areas (RUGA) - and National Livestock Transformation Programme (NLTP) will curb the farmer-herder crises. Methodology: The study used doctrinal method of research which involve review of existing literature Findings: Major findings in this work include that Nigeria has joined very elite countries in the world in enacting climate change laws encapsulated in the Nigeria Climate Change Act, 2021. Effective implementation of this Act therefore remains the nepenthe to the farmer-herder crises in Nigeria. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the Nigeria Climate Change Act should be fully implemented so that the farmer-herder crises can capsize.
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Adekamnbi, Toyin Omoriyeba. "Sustainability of the Cybersecurity and Climate: A Review of the Interconnectivity." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1 (June 30, 2022): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/bk2022-p48.

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Climate change is a global issue common to the whole world regardless of continent, nationality, tribe, sex, or age. The temperature is rising due to the greenhouse effect as the greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere are increasing. The average global temperature is increasing continuously and is predicted to rise by 2oC until 2100, which would cause substantial economic losses at the global level. Cybersecurity is likewise a global issue common to everyone, just as climate change and its interaction with the physical world phenomena (e.g., weather, climate, water, and oceans) is mostly not found in modern information technology systems. The ability to relate the current climate change impact with the latest cybersecurity scenario, calls for scrutinization and making necessary recommendations. Many aspects of the cyber-security system are not known to relate to climate change and are highly fragmented. The connection between the cybersecurity system and climate change needs to be studied through a multidisciplinary approach to recommend the best way to manage these systems for sustainability, thus making both cyber laws, climate laws, and policy more effective to address any impacts they might pose to humanity. This report presents the relationships between climate change and cybersecurity while identifying their positive and negative impacts, as well as recommending ways to mitigate the impacts. Keywords: Climate change, Cybersecurity, Sustainability, Cyberattack, Interconnectivity
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Mair, Simon. "Language, Climate Change, and Cities beyond Capitalism." Journal of City Climate Policy and Economy 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2024): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jccpe-2023-0012.

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Appeals to the economy are often used to shut down substantive action on climate change. But exactly what is meant by the economy is rarely made explicit. In this paper, I draw on previously published research in ecological, feminist, and Marxist economics to argue that appeals to the economy are really appeals to capitalism. It is not an unchangeable set of economic laws that prevents climate action; rather, it is a set of stories and social relationships specific to capitalist ways of organizing economic activity. In theory, we can construct new laws and promote non-capitalist ways of organizing. But in practice, this is difficult because capitalism has enormous cultural power supported by the advertising industry and a lack of cultural depictions of alternatives to capitalism. Cities can undermine this cultural power by rethinking their advertising policy and using it to promote pro-social and pro-ecological ways of living rather than mass consumption. Cities can also produce cultural artefacts that name capitalism and alternatives to capitalism. In this way, cities can take on a radical educational role, helping their citizens to understand how they fit into both capitalist and non-capitalist modes of production, and organize for new economic structures that support substantive climate action.
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Daebel, Marie-Christin. "Climate Change Litigation in Germany An Overview of Politics, Legislation and Especially Jurisdiction regarding Climate Protection and Climate Damages." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 28, Issue 2 (April 1, 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2019006.

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Who is liable for damages caused by climate change? This question has concerned many lawyers all around the globe in the last few years and is still one of the most controversial topics pertaining to climate protection law. Legal experts argue about the civil and public liability of corporations and the state on the one hand, and the suits against governments to force them to introduce more protective climate protection laws on the other hand. While in other countries many judgments have already been issued, there has been only one judgment in Germany so far and a second claim is pending. However, these claims have made climate change litigation popular. Against this background, this article aims to present the current situation of climate change litigation in Germany. For this aim it gives an overview of politics, the respective legislation and especially the jurisprudence regarding climate protection and climate damages, focusing on the legal problems that have emerged in practice and possible reform perspectives.
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Jafari, Zeynolabedin, and Mohammadbagher Jafari. "Impact of Anti-Discrimination Laws on University Campuses: Student and Faculty Views." Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics 3, no. 1 (2024): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.3.1.4.

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The implementation of anti-discrimination laws on university campuses is crucial for fostering an inclusive academic environment. However, the effectiveness and impact of these laws are often debated. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of students and faculty regarding the influence of anti-discrimination laws on university culture and individual experiences, aiming to understand how these laws shape the campus climate and interpersonal relationships. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with a total of 22 participants, comprising 12 students and 10 faculty members from a university. The interviews were designed to achieve theoretical saturation and were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software to identify recurring themes and patterns under two primary themes: "Students' View" and "Faculty View." The analysis revealed several key categories under each main theme. For students, the categories included Awareness and Understanding, Experiences of Discrimination, Campus Climate, Impact on Social Relations, Administrative Support, and Legal Literacy. Faculty categories encompassed Perception of Laws, Teaching and Curriculum Impact, Professional Responsibilities, and Research Implications. Each category provided insights into the complex interactions between policy implementation and campus experiences, highlighting both successes and areas needing enhancement. The study concludes that while anti-discrimination laws have facilitated some positive changes in campus culture, significant challenges remain in fully realizing their potential. The effectiveness of these laws is intricately linked to the administration's proactive engagement and the community's overall commitment to fostering an inclusive environment. Recommendations are made for universities to enhance policy transparency, increase legal literacy, and improve administrative responsiveness to discrimination reports.
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Torre-Schaub, Marta. "Dynamics, Prospects, and Trends in Climate Change Litigation Making Climate Change Emergency a Priority in France." German Law Journal 22, no. 8 (December 2021): 1445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.86.

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AbstractThis study examines how the climate litigation approach builds pathways to face climate emergency. In light of recent jurisdictional developments, this article underlines the links between legislation, litigation, and public policies to trace ways, progress and obstacles to face it. Those emergent dynamics contribute to build a lasting and sustainable climate change legal regime. Intertwining the different climate disputes in the world and the progress made through the elaboration of different climate laws allow to have a panoramic visibility on this new mode of climate governance which appears in filigree today all over the world and especially in France.
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Chaturvedi, Eeshan. "Climate Change Litigation: Indian Perspective." German Law Journal 22, no. 8 (December 2021): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.85.

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AbstractThis article covers the recent trends in climate change litigation in India, capturing the peculiarities of the Indian judicial system that lend it the will, ability, and credibility to accommodate emerging principles of climate change laws within the law of the land. While tracing the historical underpinnings of judicial activism, environmental considerations, and strength of democratic institutions, this Article discusses some of the current developments in climate change case law in the country. Finally, in showcasing an increasing and immersive trend towards the inculcation of international principles of environmental law, this article establishes the dichotomy between an active judicial system applying international environmental principles at the domestic level and the roadblocks in terms of climate litigation in the recent times.
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Konkes, Claire, Cynthia Nixon, Libby Lester, and Kathleen Williams. "Coal versus coral: Australian climate change politics sees the Great Barrier Reef in court." Queensland Review 28, no. 2 (December 2021): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2022.10.

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AbstractThe likelihood that climate change may destroy the Great Barrier Reef has been a central motif in Australia’s climate change politics for more than a decade as political ideologies and corporate and environmental activism draw or refute connections between the coal industry and climate change. The media fuel this debate because in this contest, as ever, the news media always do more than simply report the news. Given that the Reef has also been central to the evolution of Australia’s environmental laws since the 1960s, it is not surprising that the Reef is now a leading actor in efforts to test the capacity of our environmental laws to support action on climate change. In this contribution, we examine the news coverage of the Australian Conservation Foundation’s (ACF) 2015 challenge to Adani’s Carmichael coal mine to observe the discursive struggle between the supporters and opponents of the mine. Our analysis of the case shows that while the courts are arenas of material and symbolic contest in the politics of climate change in Australia, public interest environmental litigants struggle both inside and outside the courts to challenge the privileging of mining interests over the public interest.
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Todić, Dragoljub. "Climate change, emergency situations and the response of Serbia, Montenegro, and Croatia." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 61, no. 96 (2022): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn1-40978.

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The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between climate change and emergency situations in the legal systems of three states: Serbia, Montenegro, and Croatia. The first part of the paper presents the attitudes of Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia towards climate change and emergency situations. The author analyzes the laws regulating the field of climate change (from the standpoint of potential relevance for emergency situations) and the laws regulating the field of emergency situations (from the standpoint of potential relevance for climate change). The second part of the paper points to the membership of Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia in relevant international agreements in the field of environment. The author discusses the position that the relationship between the climate change and emergency situations is not regulated in a comprehensive manner, and that this issue has been partially and inconsistently recognized in international law regulations. In that regard, there is room for a significant clarification on their correlations. The character of the links between climate change and emergency situations should be viewed in light of the development of international law and the specific features of the legal systems of the three countries, including their status within the EU integration process.
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Redvers, Nicole, Anne Poelina, Clinton Schultz, Daniel M. Kobei, Cicilia Githaiga, Marlikka Perdrisat, Donald Prince, and Be’sha Blondin. "Indigenous Natural and First Law in Planetary Health." Challenges 11, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe11020029.

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Indigenous Peoples associate their own laws with the laws of the natural world, which are formally known as or translated as Natural or First Law. These laws come from the Creator and the Land through our ancestral stories and therefore, they are sacred. All aspects of life and existence depend on living and following these natural First Laws. Since colonization, Indigenous Peoples’ Natural Laws have been forcibly replaced by modern-day laws that do not take into account the sacred relationship between the Earth and all of her inhabitants. The force of societies who live outside of Natural Law has ensured the modern-day consequences of not living in balance with nature. Pandemics and global environmental change, including climate change, are all consequences of not following the Natural Laws that are encapsulated by the interconnected nature of the universe. Here we discuss Natural Law from an Indigenous paradigm and worldview which carries implications for planetary health and wider environmental movements around the globe.
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Jiang, Han. "Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: The Laws of Climate Change in China." Environmental Practice 16, no. 3 (September 2014): 205–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046614000155.

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Armstrong, John H. "Climate change, costs, or jobs: How policymakers frame state clean energy laws." Electricity Journal 36, no. 9-10 (November 2023): 107350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2023.107350.

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Qurbani, I. D., H. Wijayati, A. A. Paramitha, and M. R. Magistra. "LEGAL POLITICS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LAWS REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE IN PROMOTING A GREEN ECONOMY CLIMATE IN INDONESIA." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 134, no. 2 (February 21, 2023): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2023-02.10.

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Risteski, Temelko, Elena Todorova, Sejdefa Džafče, and Anita Gligorova. "Тhe Right to a Healthy Climate as a Function of the Right to Life UDK 342.7:502.131.1." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, no. 1 (February 12, 2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i1.5.

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Objective: To define the concept of healthy climate and in this regard to determine the relationship between the right to healthy environment and right to life, as top human right, from a legal and ethical aspects.Results: Analysis of international legislation on environment, climate and human rights, and laws on nature protection, environment and other environmental laws of the Republic of Macedonia and other countries of Southeast Europe, based on the facts of climate change, shows that these changes affect the quality of life and therefore the exercise of the right to a healthy life.Conclusion: The right to life is top human right. All other human rights are subordinate to it. It is healthy climate in which the weather as a meteorological phenomenon is mostly compatible with the physiological states of human organisms, most of the average healthy people, and allows normal physiological functions. Normal physiological functions of the organism has a direct impact on human health. Human health is directly in function of life. It makes life healthy and happy. Only healthy and happy life is a real human life. All the troubles in life can be overcome if the person is healthy. It is a notorious fact. Thus, the right to a healthy climate is in function of the right to life.
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Doelle, Meinhard, and Roman Dremliuga. "Comparing Russian and Canadian Climate Policy: Protecting Arctic Interests?" Arctic Review on Law and Politics 13 (2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v13.3225.

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The global human influence on the climate is growing at an alarming pace. This trend appears doomed to continue. Polar regions are feeling the effects first. This means that if the impacts of climate change serve to motivate effective policies, polar regions could be a good place to look for climate policy innovation. It is within this context that this article considers Arctic climate policy in Russia and Canada. The basic question posed is whether the unique and immediate threat climate change presents in the Arctic is reflected in progressive laws and policies with respect to four key areas: mitigation, adaptation, impacts and vulnerability, and development.
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Llarena, Zharama. "Engineering Game Theory of Green Hydrogen towards Energy Transition using Shariah Jurisprudence Developmental Framework based on Ethical Decision-Making from Philosophy of Technology." International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management 7, no. 2 (2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.7.2.4.

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Green hydrogen is a production of business philosophy inclined to promote renewable energies. Its paradigm shift works on targeting the absence of carbon emissions leading to compliance of the first law of thermodynamics since the financial intelligence of business industries is designed to maintain the abundance of natural resources through economical means. Sustainable development is the result of business growth innovations based on environmental impact assessments concerning marketing of goods and services. However, there are observed restrictions on these contract laws of business transactions, thus, problems can be raised pertaining to monetary intelligence of environmental laws. This paper is designed to address issues on energy transition and elucidate the equation development of statutory interpretation and its gaps to environmental laws and electricity regulations using game theory modelling of shariah jurisprudence method resulting to question development of services, particularly, the hydrogen production and zero target emission of greenhouse gases based on Renewable Energy (Electricity) Bill 2000 (Cth). The legal history of commercial transactions, starting from Hague to Rotterdam Rules are documented to enhance the bill of lading pertaining to transportation of goods in relation to receipt and delivery. Constitutional laws are superior as pre-emption doctrine for compliance and harmony of other statutory laws such as electricity bill and climate change regulations. Energy regulations are observed to comply with climate change policies for tightening the monetary strength of business systems against depletion of environmental resources. Therefore, if green hydrogen is the 2050 plan for electricity transition, its prediction is analogous to the technological services of concession elucidating the equation development of business economics and its environmental laws for public safety in meeting the energy demands resulting zero target emission.
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