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Academic literature on the topic 'Climate databases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Climate databases"

Meeus, Sofie. "Herbaria as Functional Trait Databases." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (July 4, 2018): e25766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25766.

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Although tropical rainforests play an important role in regulating the world’s climate, they are at the same time particularly vulnerable to changes in the climate. Intense and prolonged droughts, for instance, can lead to biomass loss which will further accelerate these changes. Especially for tree species it becomes problematic, due to their long lifespan, to quickly adapt to or evade unfavorable climatic conditions affecting the composition of the forest community as a whole and consequently the ecosystem services that the rainforests provide. A long-term drying trend currently threatens tropical regions worldwide but is especially strong in the central African rainforest, the second-largest rainforest on Earth. The impact of this decrease in precipitation on the vegetation is, however, still largely unknown due to the limited amount of historical eco-climatological data. Fortunately, these kind of data do exist albeit in a poorly accessible (analog) format in herbarium collections. To investigate if trees show changes in morphology and/or physiology invoked by climatic changes in the last century, the COBECORE team (Congo Basin Eco-Climatological Data Recovery and Valorization”) is exploring the usability of herbaria as potential sources of plant leaf functional trait data using established protocols adjusted to dried leaf material. Photosynthesis as well as gas exchange and transpiration are processes regulated by a plant’s leaves, and depend on the specific leaf area (SLA) and the number and size of the stomata. The less area the latter structures occupy on the leaf the less the plant will suffer from water losses which increases the resistance to drought of plants. We explored the recently digitized African Herbarium of the Botanic Garden Meise which contains over 1.2 million African specimens with a very good coverage of the Congo Basin, dating back to 1880. Currently, we obtained average SLA measurements for 833 herbarium specimens from 59 of the most common tree species of central African rainforests. Pictures for stomata counts and size measurements were taken from over one hundred specimens mainly focused on three Prioria species, giant tree species (up to 60 metres) currently suffering from overexploitation. The data generated in this project will be valuable to understand some lower-level vegetation responses such as plant water use needed to model and predict long-term climate change impacts on vegetation.

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Mafredas, Thomas, and George Malaperdas. "Archaeological Databases and GIS: Working with Databases." European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science 1, no. 3 (June 21, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/compute.2021.1.3.20.

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Digital databases are considered nowadays, necessary for the organization of a recent archeological project. Typically, one of the main issues at the stage of archaeological surface research preparation is the method of recording all the archaeological information that will emerge, which is directly dependent on two factors, the difference of each area in terms of its geomorphology, including the climate and general environmental conditions, and the different approach to the objectives to be achieved by the leading archaeologists. As a consequence of all of this, there is no such thing as a uniquely generated form that can act as a guideline. This paper provides some basic database knowledge as well as a case study with a database example.

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Kurian, Rosaliya, Kishor Sitaram Kulkarni, Prasanna Venkatesan Ramani, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Ashok Kumar, and Raffaello Cozzolino. "Estimation of Carbon Footprint of Residential Building in Warm Humid Climate of India through BIM." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144237.

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In recent years Asian Nations showed concern over the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of their civil infrastructure. This study presents a contextual investigation of a residential apartment complex in the territory of the southern part of India. The LCA is performed through Building Information Modelling (BIM) software embedded with Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of materials utilized in construction, transportation of materials and operational energy use throughout the building lifecycle. The results of the study illustrate that cement is the material that most contributes to carbon emissions among the other materials looked at in this study. The operational stage contributed the highest amount of carbon emissions. This study emphasizes variation in the LCA results based on the selection of a combination of definite software-database combinations and manual-database computations used. For this, three LCA databases were adopted (GaBi database and ecoinvent databases through One Click LCA software), and the ICE database was used for manual calculations. The ICE database showed realistic value comparing the GaBi and ecoinvent databases. The findings of this study are valuable for the policymakers and practitioners to accomplish optimization of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions over the building life cycle.

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Hickcox, C. Woodbridge. "Using your Computer: Climate Databases for the Macintosh." Weatherwise 45, no. 6 (January 1993): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00431672.1993.9931090.

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Wood, J. L., S. Harrison, L. Reinhardt, and F. E. Taylor. "Landslide databases for climate change detection and attribution." Geomorphology 355 (April 2020): 107061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107061.

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Mínguez, R., A. Tomás, F. J. Méndez, and R. Medina. "Mixed extreme wave climate model for reanalysis databases." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 27, no. 4 (June 27, 2012): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-012-0604-y.

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Ziedan, Abubakr, Mbakisya Onyango, Weidong Wu, Sampson Udeh, Joseph Owino, and Ignatius Fomunung. "Comparative Analysis between Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications and Updated Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Climate Database in the State of Tennessee." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (May 16, 2019): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844242.

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The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide addresses climate effects on pavement design in a comprehensive way, which allows for investigating the effect of climate on pavement performance. However, it requires detailed climate inputs, which might not be readily available for most of the state departments of transportation. The AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical Design (PMED) version 2.3 (v2.3) climate database encompasses 12 weather stations in the state of Tennessee, which does not satisfactorily represent all climatic regions in the state. The terrain in Tennessee varies from flat in the west to mountainous in the east. To evaluate the effectiveness of the updated AASHTOWare PMED v2.3 climate data input, this study analyses the performance of selected pavements in the state of Tennessee using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the AASHTOWare PMED v2.3 databases as sources of PMED climate data inputs. A comparative analysis of the two climate data sources is conducted using eight long-term pavement performance (LTPP) sites in the state of Tennessee. The study revealed that MERRA as a climate data source for the state of Tennessee offers better geographic coverage, and therefore provides more precise distress predictions than the AASHTOWare PMED v2.3 climate database.

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Cornick, S. M., P. C. Thomas, and D. K. Prasad. "Predicting the Effects of Changes in Thermal Envelope Characteristics on Energy Consumption: Application and Verification of a Simple Model for Australian and Canadian Climates." Energy & Environment 7, no. 1 (February 1996): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9600700101.

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A simple energy model was used for determining thermal envelope characteristics and building envelope trade-off procedures for the new Canadian and Australian energy efficiency codes for new buildings. The model relates heating and cooling system loads to envelope thermal characteristics. It was developed from thousands of DOE2.1E simulation runs. Two separate databases, one containing 25 Canadian locations and the other containing 9 Australian locations were created. The heating and cooling models were developed from these databases. The model is shown to give consistent results although there are significant differences in climate, construction of the building envelope, building operational schedules and HVAC system configurations. This paper briefly describes the DOE2.1E models used for the study in each country, highlighting similarities and differences. The consistency of results predicted by the model is discussed for typical climatic locations in both countries. The methods for predicting heating and cooling system loads are shown to produce good results over a wide range of climates and for different system configurations. The paper also discusses the development of climate correlations to extend the range of the models to include locations not in the original databases.

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Labonnote, Nathalie, Åshild Lappegard Hauge, and Edvard Sivertsen. "A climate services perspective on Norwegian stormwater-related databases." Climate Services 13 (January 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2019.01.006.

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Sidău, Mugurel Raul, Adina-Eliza Croitoru, and Diana-Elena Alexandru. "Comparative Analysis between Daily Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Values Derived from Observations and Gridded Datasets in North-Western Romania." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030361.

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Climate gridded datasets are highly needed and useful in conducting data analysis for research and practical purposes. They provide long-term information on various climatic variables for large areas worldwide, making them suitable for use at any spatial level. It is essential to assess the accuracy of gridded data by comparing the data to measured values, especially when they are used as input parameters for hydro-climatic models. From the multitude of databases available for North-western Romania, we selected three, particularly the European Climate Assessment and Dataset (E-OBS), the Romanian Climatic Dataset (ROCADA), and the Climate of the Carpathian Region (CARPATCLIM). In this paper, we analyse the extreme precipitation and temperature data derived from the above-mentioned datasets over a common 50-year period (1961–2010) and compare the data with raw values to estimate the degree of uncertainty for each set of data. The observation data, recorded at two meteorological stations located in a complex topography region, were compared to the output of the gridded datasets, by using descriptive statistics for the mean and extreme annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation data, and trend analyses. The main findings are: the high suitability of the ROCADA gridded database for climate trend analysis and of the E-OBS gridded database for extreme temperature and precipitation analysis.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Climate databases"

Vorhees, Damon C. "The impacts of global scale climate variations on Southwest Asia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FVorhees.pdf.

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Nicolle, Marie. "Variabilités hydro-climatiques multi-décennales à pluri-séculaires en Arctique-subarctique depuis 2000 ans." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR129/document.

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L’augmentation globale des températures au cours de la période 1850-2012 n’est pas uniforme à l’échelle du globe et l’Arctique se réchauffe deux fois plus que la moyenne. Cependant, la couverture temporelle trop courte des données instrumentales rend difficile la distinction entre la variabilité climatique naturelle et celle liée au forçage anthropique. L’étude de la variabilité climatique « exempte » de l’influence humaine est alors réalisée à partir de données proxies indirectes provenant d’archives paléoclimatiques continentales et marines. Dans la région Arctique-subarctique, les enregistrements disponibles à haute résolution sur les derniers 2000 ans ont été centralisé dans la base de données PAGES Arctic 2k. Les objectifs de ces travaux sont l’amélioration de la caractérisation et de l’interprétation de la variabilité climatique sur les derniers 2000 ans, en allant plus loin que la tendance millénaire et les périodes climatiques majeures mais aussi en s'intéressant au rôle et l’expression spatiale de la variabilité interne du système climatique. Cette thèse s'appuie sur la base de données PAGES Arctic 2k permettant l'étude des variations de températures dans la région Arctique-subarctique mais aussi d'une nouvelle base de données permettant de reconstruire les variations hydroclimatiques (précipitations et humidité) dans la région et créée lors de cette étude. L'utilisation de méthodes d'analyse du signal climatique sur des enregistrements régionaux calculés à partir de ces deux bases de données a permis de mettre en évidence une variabilité climatique dans la région Arctique-subarctique s’exprimant depuis les échelles multi-décennales à millénaire. En particulier, les variabilités multi-décennales sont en lien avec la variabilité interne du système climatique. Les variations hydroclimatiques et de températures s'exprimant aux échelles multi-décennales dans la région sont en effet caractérisées par des fréquences spécifiques aux oscillations climatiques régionales (oscillation Atlantique Nord et oscillation Pacifique décennale), en particulier sur les derniers 200 ans. Les travaux réalisés sur la base de données de températures et la réflexion autour de la création et l’exploitation de la base de données hydroclimatiques ont également conduit à la définition d’une méthodologie de travail avec une base de données paléoclimatiques, depuis sa construction jusque la définition de ses limites, notamment en termes de représentativité spatiale des séries contenues dans la base de données et de l'assimilation de données avec des saisonnalités différentes
The temperature increase during the 1850-2012 period is not uniform globally and the Arctic is warming twice as much as the average. However, the short time coverage of instrumental data makes it difficult to distinguish natural climate variability and anthropogenic forcing. The study of climatic variability "free" of human influence requires the use of proxies data measured in continental and marine palaeoclimatic archives. In the Arctic-subarctic region, high resolution records have been centralized in the Arctic 2k PAGES database. The objectives of this work are to improve the characterization and interpretation of climatic variability over the last 2000 years, going beyond the millennial trend and the major climatic periods, but also by focusing on the role and spatial expression of the internal variability of the climate system. This thesis is based on the Arctic 2k PAGES database, which allows the study of temperature variations in the Arctic-subarctic region, as well as a new database to reconstruct hydroclimatic variations (precipitation and humidity) in the region and created during this study. The use of climate signal analysis methods on regional records calculated from these two databases has highlighted climate variability in the Arctic-subarctic region from the multi-decadal to millennial scales.In particular, multi-decadal variability is related to the internal variability of the climate system. The hydroclimatic and temperature variations expressed at multi-decadal scales in the region are characterized by frequencies specific to regional climate oscillations (North Atlantic oscillation and decadal Pacific oscillation), particularly over the last 200 years. The work done on the temperature database and the reflection on the creation and exploitation of the hydroclimatic database have also led to the definition of a working methodology with a palaeoclimatic database, from its construction to the definition of its limits, in particular in terms of the spatial representability of the series contained in the database and the assimilation of data with different seasonings

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Tifafi, Marwa. "Different soil study tools to better understand the dynamics of carbon in soils at different spatial scales, from a single soil profile to the global scale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV021/document.

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Les sols sont la principale composantede l’écosystème terrestre et le plus grand réservoir de carbone organique sur Terre, étant très réactifs aux perturbations humaines et aux changements climatiques. Malgré leur importance dans les réservoirs de carbone, la dynamique du carbone des sols est une source importante d'incertitudes pour les prévisions climatiques futures. Le but de la thèse était d'explorer différents aspects d’études du carbone des sols (mesures expérimentales, modélisation et évaluation de bases de données) à différentes échelles spatiales (de l'échelle d'un profil à l'échelle globale). Nous avons souligné que l'estimation des stocks globaux de carbone du sol est encore assez incertaine.Par conséquent le rôle du carbone des sols dans la dynamique du climat devient l'une des principales incertitudes dans les modèles du système terrestre utilisés pour prédire les changements climatiques futurs. La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur la présentation d'une nouvelle version du modèle IPSL-Land Surface appelé ORCHIDEE-SOM, intégrant la dynamique du 14C dans le sol. Plusieurs tests effectués supposent que les améliorations du modèle devraient se focaliser davantage sur une paramétrisation dépendante de la profondeur,principalement pour la diffusion, afin d'améliorer la représentation du cycle global du carbone dans les modèles de surface terrestre, contribuant ainsi à contraindre les prédictions futures du réchauffement climatique
Soils are the major components ofthe terrestrial ecosystems and the largest organiccarbon reservoir on Earth, being very reactive tohuman disturbance and climate change. Despiteits importance within the carbon reservoirs, soilcarbon dynamics is an important source ofuncertainties for future climate predictions. Theaim of the thesis was to explore different aspectsof soil carbon studies (Experimentalmeasurements, modeling, and databaseevaluation) at different spatial scales (from thescale of a profile to the global scale). Wehighlighted that the estimation of the global soilcarbon stocks is still quite uncertain.Consequently, the role of soil carbon in theclimate dynamics becomes one of the majoruncertainties in the Earth system models (ESMs)used to predict future climate change. Thesecond part of thesis deals with the presentationof a new version of the IPSL-Land SurfaceModel called ORCHIDEE-SOM, incorporatingthe 14C dynamics in the soil. Several tests doneassume that model improvements should focusmore on a depth dependent parameterization,mainly for the diffusion, in order to improve therepresentation of the global carbon cycle inLand Surface Models, thus helping to constrainthe predictions of the future soil organic carbonresponse to global warming

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Ram, Kadambari. "A Complex Systems Simulation Study for Increasing Adaptive-Capacity." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4477.

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Examination of empirical research confirmed that climate change is a complex problem of anthropological origin and revealed the need for a management framework to facilitate strategic decisions aimed at mitigating a rise in global temperatures of 2-°C linked to irresponsible and unsustainable business practices. The purpose of this simulation study was to develop a management framework of resilience, robustness, sustainability, and adaptive-capacity (RRSA) for organizations viewed as complex systems to address the current unsustainable state. As such, the evolutionary-RRSA prisoner's dilemma (PD) simulation was developed using an evolutionary game theory approach to agent based modeling and simulation, to generate data. Regression analyses tested the relationships between organizational resilience (x1), robustness (x2), and sustainability (x3) as independent variables, and the dependent variable of adaptive capacity (y) for cooperative and defective strategies. The findings were that complex nonlinear relationships exist between resilience, robustness, sustainability, and adaptive-capacity, which is sensitive to initial conditions and may emerge and evolve from combinations of cooperative and defective decisions within the evolutionary RRSA PD management tool. This study resulted in the RRSA management framework, a cyclical 4-phased approach, which may be used by climate governance leaders, negotiators, and policy-makers to facilitate strategy to move global climate change policy forward by guiding bottom-up consumption and production of GHGs, thereby improving adaptive-capacity, while mitigating an increase in global temperatures of 2-°C, which in turn would improve global socio-economic conditions.

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Romani, Luciana Alvim Santos. "Integrando mineração de séries temporais e fractais para encontrar padrões e eventos extremos em bases de dados climáticas e de sensoriamento remoto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-19012011-162251/.

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Esta tese apresenta novos metodos baseados na teoria dos fractais e em tecnicas de mineração de dados para dar suporte ao monitoramento agrícola em escala regional, mais especicamente areas com plantações de cana-de-açucar que tem um papel importante na economia brasileira como uma alternativa viavel para a substituição de combustíveis fósseis. Uma vez que o clima tem um grande impacto na agricultura, os agrometeorologistas utilizam dados climáticos associados a índices agrometeorológicos e mais recentemente dados provenientes de satélites para apoiar a tomada de decisão. Neste sentido, foi proposto um método que utiliza a dimensão fractal para identicar mudanças de tendências nas séries climáticas juntamente com um módulo de análise estatística para definir quais atributos são responsáveis por essas alterações de comportamento. Além disso, foram propostos dois métodos de medidas de similaridade para auxiliar na comparação de diferentes regiões agrícolas representadas por múltiplas variáveis provenientes de dados meteorológicos e imagens de sensoriamento remoto. Diante da importância de se estudar os extremos climáticos que podem se intensicar dado os cenários que preveem mudanças globais no clima, foi proposto o algoritmo CLIPSMiner que identifica padrões relevantes e extremos em séries climáticas. CLIPSMiner também permite a identificação de correlação de múltiplas séries considerando defasagem de tempo e encontra padrões de acordo com parâmetros que podem ser calibrados pelos usuários. A busca por padrões de associação entre séries foi alcançada por meio de duas abordagens distintas. A primeira delas integrou o cálculo da correlação de dimensão fractal com uma técnica para tornar os valores contínuos das séries em intervalos discretos e um algoritmo de regras de associação gerando o método Apriori-FD. Embora tenha identificado padrões interessantes em relação a temperatura, este método não conseguiu lidar de forma apropriada com defasagem temporal. Foi proposto então o algoritmo CLEARMiner que de forma não-supervisionada minera padrões em uma série associando-os a padrões em outras séries considerando a possibilidade de defasagem temporal. Os métodos propostos foram comparados a técnicas similares e avaliados por um grupo composto por meteorologistas, agrometeorologistas e especialistas em sensoriamento remoto. Os experimentos realizados mostraram que a aplicação de técnicas de mineração de dados e fractais contribui para melhorar a análise dos dados agrometeorológicos e de satélite auxiliando no trabalho de pesquisadores, além de se configurar como uma ferramenta importante para apoiar a tomada de decisão no agronegócio
This thesis presents new methods based on fractal theory and data mining techniques to support agricultural monitoring in regional scale, specifically regions with sugar canefields. This commodity greatly contributes to the Brazilian economy since it is a viable alternative to replace fossil fuels. Since climate in uences the national agricultural production, researchers use climate data associated to agrometeorological indexes, and recently they also employed data from satellites to support decision making processes. In this context, we proposed a method that uses the fractal dimension to identify trend changes in climate series jointly with a statistical analysis module to define which attributes are responsible for the behavior alteration in the series. Moreover, we also proposed two methods of similarity measure to allow comparisons among different agricultural regions represented by multiples variables from meteorological data and remote sensing images. Given the importance of studying the extreme weather events, which could increase in intensity, duration and frequency according to different scenarios indicated by climate forecasting models, we proposed the CLIPSMiner algorithm to identify relevant patterns and extremes in climate series. CLIPSMiner also detects correlations among multiple time series considering time lag and finds patterns according to parameters, which can be calibrated by the users. We applied two distinct approaches in order to discover association patterns on time series. The first one is the Apriori-FD method that integrates an algorithm to perform attribute selection through applying the correlation fractal dimension, an algorithm of discretization to convert continuous values of series into discrete intervals, and a well-known association rules algorithm (Apriori). Although Apriori-FD has identified interesting patterns related to temperature, this method failed to appropriately deal with time lag. As a solution, we proposed CLEARMiner that is an unsupervised algorithm in order to mine the association patterns in one time series relating them to patterns in other series considering the possibility of time lag. The proposed methods were compared with similar techniques as well as assessed by a group of meteorologists, and specialists in agrometeorology and remote sensing. The experiments showed that applying data mining techniques and fractal theory can contribute to improve the analyses of agrometeorological and satellite data. These new techniques can aid researchers in their work on decision making and become important tools to support decision making in agribusiness

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Grogan, D. Michael. "Information Technology Implementation Decisions to Support the Kentucky Mesonet." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/171.

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The Kentucky Mesonet is a high-density, mesoscale network of automated meteorological and climatological sensing platforms being developed across the commonwealth. Data communications, collection, processing, and delivery mechanisms play a critical role in such networks, and the World Meteorological Organization recognizes that “an observing system is not complete unless it is connected to other systems that deliver the data to the users.” This document reviews the implementation steps, decisions, and rationale surrounding communications and computing infrastructure development to support the Mesonet. A general overview of the network and technology-related research is provided followed by a review of pertinent literature related to in situ sensing network technology. Initial infrastructure design considerations are then examined followed by an in-depth review of the Mesonet communications and computing architecture. Finally, some general benefits of the Mesonet to the citizens of Kentucky are highlighted.

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Buckland, Philip. "The development and implementation of software for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatological research : the Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package (BugsCEP)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Archaeology and Sami Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1105.

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This thesis documents the development and application of a unique database orientated software package, BugsCEP, for environmental and climatic reconstruction from fossil beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages. The software tools are described, and the incorporated statistical methods discussed and evaluated with respect to both published modern and fossil data, as well as the author’s own investigations.

BugsCEP consists of a reference database of ecology and distribution data for over 5 800 taxa, and includes temperature tolerance data for 436 species. It also contains abundance and summary data for almost 700 sites - the majority of the known Quaternary fossil coleopteran record of Europe. Sample based dating evidence is stored for a large number of these sites, and the data are supported by a bibliography of over 3 300 sources. Through the use of built in statistical methods, employing a specially developed habitat classification system (Bugs EcoCodes), semi-quantitative environmental reconstructions can be undertaken, and output graphically, to aid in the interpretation of sites. A number of built in searching and reporting functions also increase the efficiency with which analyses can be undertaken, including the facility to list the fossil record of species found by searching the ecology and distribution data. The existing Mutual Climatic Range (MCR) climate reconstruction method is implemented and improved upon in BugsCEP, as BugsMCR, which includes predictive modelling and the output of graphs and climate space maps.

The evaluation of the software demonstrates good performance when compared to existing interpretations. The standardization method employed in habitat reconstructions, designed to enable the inter-comparison of samples and sites without the interference of differing numbers of species and individuals, also appears to be robust and effective. Quantitative climate reconstructions can be easily undertaken from within the software, as well as an amount of predictive modelling. The use of jackknifing variants as an aid to the interpretation of climate reconstructions is discussed, and suggested as a potential indicator of reliability. The combination of the BugStats statistical system with an enhanced MCR facility could be extremely useful in increasing our understanding of not only past environmental and climate change, but also the biogeography and ecology of insect populations in general.

BugsCEP is the only available software package integrating modern and fossil coleopteran data, and the included reconstruction and analysis tools provide a powerful resource for research and teaching in palaeo-environmental science. The use of modern reference data also makes the package potentially useful in the study of present day insect faunas, and the effects of climate and environmental change on their distributions. The reconstruction methods could thus be inverted, and used as predictive tools in the study of biodiversity and the implications of sustainable development policies on present day habitats.

BugsCEP can be downloaded from http://www.bugscep.com

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Enayat, Misha. "20,000 14C Years of Climate and Environmental Change in Europe : A Coleopteran-based Reconstruction with an Anthropocenic Focus." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Miljöarkeologiska laboratoriet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106655.

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This thesis builds on the work of previous coleopteran-based climatic reconstructions to recreate the environment and climate of the last 20,000 14C years of northwest Europe using the data and methods available within the Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package, and aims to assess the ability of the BugsCEP results to provide information regarding events and anthropogenic changes on environment during the Anthropocene. Samples and data from 134 sites across northwest Europe and the British Isles were included in this study. The Mutual Climatic Range method and the BugStats module based on habitat code classifications were used to create the climatic and environmental reconstructions respectively, the results of which are provided in eight isotherm maps for 14.5-9 14C years BP and 2 EcoFigure graphs for 20,000 14C to present. While the results of some isotherm maps align with the changes described in previous studies, other climate trends are muted within these results. Likewise, some previously recognized environmental shifts in Europe are visible, whereas other major events are not distinguishable within the environmental record. An assessment of the environmental reconstruction results finds that though there is not sufficient material to support any proposed Anthropocene start dates, effects of anthropogenic influence upon the environment may be visible starting within the last 2,000 14C years; the results also show some support for the Vera Hypothesis.

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Sánchez, Goñi María Fernanda, Stéphanie Desprat, Anne-Laure Daniau, Frank C. Bassinot, Josué M. Polanco-Martínez, Sandy P. Harrison, Judy R. M. Allen, et al. "The ACER pollen and charcoal database: a global resource to document vegetation and fire response to abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period." COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625837.

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Quaternary records provide an opportunity to examine the nature of the vegetation and fire responses to rapid past climate changes comparable in velocity and magnitude to those expected in the 21st-century. The best documented examples of rapid climate change in the past are the warming events associated with the Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) cycles during the last glacial period, which were sufficiently large to have had a potential feedback through changes in albedo and greenhouse gas emissions on climate. Previous reconstructions of vegetation and fire changes during the D–O cycles used independently constructed age models, making it difficult to compare the changes between different sites and regions. Here, we present the ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database, which includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73–15 ka) with a temporal resolution better than 1000 years, 32 of which also provide charcoal records. A harmonized and consistent chronology based on radiometric dating (¹⁴C, ²³⁴U∕²³⁰Th, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), ⁴⁰Ar∕³⁹Ar-dated tephra layers) has been constructed for 86 of these records, although in some cases additional information was derived using common control points based on event stratigraphy. The ACER database compiles metadata including geospatial and dating information, pollen and charcoal counts, and pollen percentages of the characteristic biomes and is archived in Microsoft Access^TM at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870867.

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Ladd, Matthew Jared. "Reconstructing the Climate of North America During the Past 2,000 Years Using Pollen Data." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31322.

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July temperature (TJUL) and total annual precipitation (ANNP) are reconstructed to better understand the spatial and temporal patterns of change in North America over the last 2,000 years using pollen databases. Using a customized application in R, the reconstructions use a composite averaging of multiple site reconstructions that show a distinct warmer Medieval Warm Period (MWP) compared to the colder Little Ice Age (LIA). Results show that, both multi-centennial scale periods are re- constructed as cooler than the last 50 years. Regional time series from several forested ecoregions show positive anomalies up to 0.6ºC during the MWP and anomalies up to -0.3ºC during the LIA. In order to test whether the TJUL reconstructions are biased to the modern calibration climate data, we show a distinct difference between the reconstructions when using station versus reanalysis-based modern TJUL fields. Reconstructions using station-based modern calibration data sets better reflect the centennial to multi-centennial scale climate variability as compared to the reanalysis-based modern calibration data sets that reveal a warm-bias. We justify the choice of the Whitmore et al. (2005) modern data set for large-scale pollen-based paleoclimate reconstructions. Finally we use Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to spatially filter the ANNP reconstructions in order to distinguish regional hydroclimate patterns from local site-specific conditions. Results show that a La Nina, positive North Atlantic Oscillation (+NAO) and positive Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (+AMO) state-like dominated both the MWP and Roman Warm Period (RWP), although the MWP was generally drier. In contrast, the Dark Ages Cold (DAC) period was likely dominated by El Nino, negative NAO and negative AMO state-like circulation. Minimum solar and high volcanic activity is likely to have contributed to more complex hydroclimate regional patterns during the LIA. The results presented in this dissertation can be used as benchmark data sets for future climate data-model comparisons in order to improve our understanding of natural climate variability during the past 2,000 years in the context of modern human-induced climate change.

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Books on the topic "Climate databases"

H, Geiger Linda, Karavitis George A, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water Climate Response Network. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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L, Cunningham William. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water Climate Response Network. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Cunningham, William L. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water Climate Response Network. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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L, Cunningham William. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water Climate Response Network. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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L, Cunningham William. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water Climate Response Network. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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WCRP Steering Group on Global Climate Modelling. Session. Global Climate Modelling: Report of first session of WCRP Steering Group on Global Climate Modelling, Geneva, Switzerland, 5-8 November 1990. [Geneva, Switzerland]: World Meteorological Organization, 1991.

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Institute for Social and Economic Change) National Seminar on Climate Change: Data Requirement and Availability (2009 Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources. Proceedings of National Seminar on Climate Change: Data Requirement and Availability: 16-17 April 2009. Edited by Nautiyal Sunil, Nayak Bibhu Prasad, Institute for Social and Economic Change. Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources, and India Central Statistical Organisation. [Bangalore]: [Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources, Institute for Social and Economic Change], 2009.

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Kaiyō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō (Japan). Sentanteki yojigen taiki kaiyō rikuiki ketsugō dēta dōka shisutemu no kaihatsu to kōseido kikō hendō yosoku ni hitsuyō na shokichika saikaiseki tōgō dētasetto no kōchiku: Heisei 17-nendo kenkyū seika hōkokusho = Research development of advanced four-dimensional data assimilation system using a climate model toward construction of high-quality reanalysis datasets for climate prediction. [Tokyo]: Monbu Kagakushō̄ Kenkyū Kaihatsukyoku, 2006.

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Session, WCRP Steering Group on Global Climate Modelling. Global climate modelling: Report of second session of WCRP Steering Group on Global Climate Modelling, Bristol, United Kingdom, 18-20 November 1991. [Geneva, Switzerland]: World Meteorological Organization, 1992.

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Cunningham, William L. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water Climate Response Network. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Climate databases"

Ilin, Alexander, and Harri Valpola. "Frequency-Based Separation of Climate Signals." In Knowledge Discovery in Databases: PKDD 2005, 519–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11564126_53.

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Steinhaeuser, Karsten, Nitesh V. Chawla, and Auroop R. Ganguly. "Comparing Predictive Power in Climate Data: Clustering Matters." In Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases, 39–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22922-0_4.

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Bello, Gonzalo A., Michael Angus, Navya Pedemane, Jitendra K. Harlalka, Fredrick H. M. Semazzi, Vipin Kumar, and Nagiza F. Samatova. "Response-Guided Community Detection: Application to Climate Index Discovery." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 736–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23525-7_45.

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Papagiannopoulou, Christina, Stijn Decubber, Diego G. Miralles, Matthias Demuzere, Niko E. C. Verhoest, and Willem Waegeman. "Analyzing Granger Causality in Climate Data with Time Series Classification Methods." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 15–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71273-4_2.

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Stäubli, Anina, Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Simon K. Allen, Christian Huggel, María Arguello, Felipe Costa, Christian Hergarten, et al. "Analysis of Weather- and Climate-Related Disasters in Mountain Regions Using Different Disaster Databases." In Climate Change, Extreme Events and Disaster Risk Reduction, 17–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56469-2_2.

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Hardy, T. A., L. B. Mason, and J. D. McConochie. "Generating Synthetic Tropical Cyclone Databases for Input to Modeling of Extreme Winds, Waves, and Storm Surges." In Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change, 57–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3109-9_9.

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Anamika, Sahil Mehta, Baljinder Singh, Anupam Patra, and Md Aminul Islam. "Databases: A Weapon from the Arsenal of Bioinformatics for Plant Abiotic Stress Research." In Recent Approaches in Omics for Plant Resilience to Climate Change, 135–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21687-0_7.

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Nthambi, Mary, and Uche Dickson Ijioma. "Retracing Economic Impact of Climate Change Disasters in Africa: Case Study of Drought Episodes and Adaptation in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1007–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_66.

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AbstractValuation studies have shown that drought occurrences have more severe economic impact compared to other natural disasters such as floods. In Kenya, drought has presented complex negative effects on farming communities. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the economic impacts of drought and identify appropriate climate change adaptation measures in Kenya. To achieve this objective, an empirical approach, combined with secondary data mined from World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal and FAOSTAT databases, has been used in three main steps. First, historical links between population size and land degradation, temperature and rainfall changes with drought events were established. Second, economic impacts of drought on selected economic indicators such as quantities of staple food crop, average food value production, number of undernourished people, gross domestic product, agriculture value added growth, and renewable water resources per annum in Kenya were evaluated. Third, different climate change adaptation measures among farmers in Makueni county were identified using focused group discussions and in-depth interviews, for which the use of bottom-up approach was used to elicit responses. Findings from the binary logistic regression model show a statistical relationship between drought events and a selected set of economic indicators. More specifically, drought events have led to increased use of pesticides, reduced access to credit for agriculture and the annual growth of gross domestic product. One of the main recommendations of this chapter is to involve farmers in designing and implementing community-based climate change adaptation measures, with support from other relevant stakeholders.

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Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P., Michael Ajanja Sakha, and Joyce Jefwa. "Agricultural Interventions to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation of Underutilized Root and Tuber Crops." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 61–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_40.

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AbstractAgricultural intensification worldwide is increasingly relying on a narrow range of crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The reliability on this relatively small numbers of food diversities raises a very serious concern about the sustainability managing our nutrition today and in the future. We conducted a scoping review using online databases to identify various agricultural interventions that can be utilized for enhancement of underutilized root and tuber crops adaptability under the current observable effects of climate change. This is because reports of underutilized crops’ adaptability to climate change continues to remain anecdotal with limited research capacity to support them. The results mooted a wide range of crop production techniques that can be utilized in production of root and tuber crops. They includes biofertilizers, tied ridging method, improved seed varieties, management of community seed banks, cropping systems, irrigation methods, exploiting abandoned lands, agroforestry practice, clean seed production technologies, and nutrient use efficiency. Based on the findings, each of these interventions plays different roles in management of the negative impacts brought up by climate change and thus they would be useful when adopted in combination since package adoption would enable farmers to benefit from the positive synergy of the selected interventions. The interventions are therefore recommended not only for sustainability but also for profitable production to meet feed, food, energy, and fiber needs and foster economic growth in the ever changing world. Therefore this chapter contributes immensely towards the development of innovative mechanisms for strengthening the resilience of root and tuber crop.

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Lentner, Inigo. "The International Paleoclimate Database (PKDB)." In Climate and Environmental Database Systems, 87–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4094-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Climate databases"

Hautecoeur, O., and J. L. Roujean. "Validation of POLDER surface albedo products based on a review of other satellites and climate databases." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423436.

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Muth, David, Douglas McCorkle, Jared Abodeely, Joshua Koch, Richard Nelson, and Kenneth Bryden. "Developing an Integrated Model Framework for the Assessment of Sustainable Agricultural Residue Removal Limits for Bioenergy Systems." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48889.

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Agricultural residues have significant potential as a feedstock for bioenergy production, but removing these residues from the land can have negative impacts on soil health. Because of this computational tools are needed that can help guide decisions on the amount of agricultural residue that can be sustainably removed. Models and datasets that can support decisions about sustainable agricultural residue removal are available; however, no tools currently exist that are capable of simultaneously addressing all of the environmental factors that can limit the availability of residue for bioenergy production. This paper presents an integrated framework of models and data that provide a coupled a set of environmental process models and databases that can support agricultural residue removal decisions. Specifically the RUSLE2, WEPS, and Soil Conditioning Index models have been integrated together with the disparate set of databases providing the soils, climate, and management practice data required. The integrated system has been demonstrated for two example cases. In the first case the potential impact of agricultural residue removal is explored. In the second case an aggregate assessment of the agricultural residues available bioenergy production in the state of Iowa is performed.

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Miloradović, Nenad. "Application of Neolepenism in Climatic Conditions with Frequent Fog." In 51st International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094//kghk.020.51.1.53.

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Neolepenism is a new type of energy efficient architecture that could respond to the challenges of sustainable development, primarily as a passive means of protection in the fight against the effects of global warming and climate change. The author improved and optimized the positive experiences of the architecture of Lepenski Vir (Serbia) and made a model of a small family house of neolepenism with a flat roof, which he presented at the 50th International Congress and Exhibition on HVAC in Belgrade in 2019. During the presentation of the model, in the discussion at the exhibition, the question was asked: "Can this architecture be applied in climatic conditions with frequent occurrence of morning fog?" Using the meteorological databases of the Meteonorm program and the typical meteorological years for Ljubljana (Slovenia), as well as the previously developed program in Excel that was used in calculations for this architecture of neolepenism, the author presents the results for Ljubljana, a city located in the valley and where morning fogs are common. In meteorological data, the appearance of frequent morning fog is manifested through a reduced intensity of direct solar radiation in the morning. The paper presents conclusions concerning the optimal orientation of neolepenism buildings for this type of climate depending on the energy class of the building.The obtained results at the level of the whole year indicate that for the needs of heating, the eastern orientation is slightly better than the southern one for the buildings of energy class B, while for the less isolated buildings, the southern orientation has a slight advantage. For the area of Ljubljana, the orientation of the neolepenism building does not play a significant role for heating needs, but still the author believes that the originally assumed eastern orientation should be kept as optimal, due to the need for cooling during the summer season. However, in addition to good thermal insulation, the compactness of the form of neolepenism architecture also plays a crucial role in saving energy and achieving thermal comfort.

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SFÎCĂ, Lucian, Pavel ICHIM, Constantin ION, Ștefan-Emanue BALTAG, and Alina IGNAT. "Filling the Gap of Meteorological Data Along the Prut River Valley, Romania - Cârja Experimental Weather Station." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_16.

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The study presents the results of the measurement realized at a meteorological weather station installed in Cârja village, situated in the valley of Prut river in the south-eastern tip of Vaslui county, Romania. The observations cover the interval from 2013 and 2020 and bring valuable data upon a region that lacks an official weather station. We present briefly the climatic profile of the weather station as reflected by the main climate elements (air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind) and a brief comparison with the data extracted from ROCADA database for the weather station location during the common period (January – December 2013). As main climate features, we underline the mean air temperature of 12.0 °C and the annual precipitation amount of 477.5 mm. It is worth noticing that the difference between the in situ observations and the ROCADA database is below 1°C, being higher in summer time. Additionally, some details are given on those climatic parameters that present practical importance, such as rain intensity or wind power potential. The main conclusions of the study consists in (1) highlighting the very warm conditions specific for the last decade in the analysis region and (2) the relatively high agreement observed between in situ observations and the ROCADA database.

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Jadoul, Nathan, and Erick Stattner. "Climate change data analysis." In the 23rd International Database Applications & Engineering Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3331076.3331122.

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Millour, E., F. Forget, F. González-Galindo, A. Spiga, S. Lebonnois, S. R. Lewis, L. Montabone, et al. "The Mars Climate Database (version 4.3)." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2395.

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Mkrtchian, Alexander. "MODELING PRESENT AND PROSPECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTEUMA GENUS IN CARPATHIAN REGION WITH MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES USING OPEN CLIMATIC AND SOIL DATA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/17.

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"Species distribution modeling can be effectively carried out using open data and data analysis tools with machine learning techniques. Modeling of the distribution of Phyteuma genus in the Carpathian region has been carried out with data from the GBIF database, climatic data from the Worldclim database, and soil properties data from Soilgrids soil information system. Spatial distribution modeling was accomplished with machine learning techniques that have marked advantages over more traditional statistical methods, like the ability to fit complex nonlinear relationships common in ecology. Four methods have been examined: Maxent, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Boosted Regression Trees. AUC and TSS criteria calculated for testing data with cross-validation have been applied for assessing the performance of the models and to tune their parameters. ANN with a reduced set of predictor variables (6 from initial 21) appeared to fare the best and was applied for predictive modeling. Prospective data based on future climate projections from Worldclim were input to the model to get the prospective distribution of the plant taxon considering expected climate changes under different RCPs"

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Machar, Ivo, Marián Halás, and Zdeněk Opršal. "Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce)." In 27th edition of the Central European Conference with subtitle (Teaching) of regional geography. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9694-2020-11.

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Regional climate changes impacts induce vegetation zones shift to higher altitudes in temperate landscape. This paper deals with applying of regional biogeography model of climate conditions for vegetation zones in Czechia to doctoral programme Regional Geography in Palacky University Olomouc. The model is based on general knowledge of landscape vegetation zonation. Climate data for model come from predicted validated climate database under RCP8.5 scenario since 2100. Ecological data are included in the Biogeography Register database (geobiocoenological data related to landscape for cadastral areas of the Czech Republic). Mathematical principles of modelling are based on set of software solutions with GIS. Students use the model in the frame of the course “Special Approaches to Landscape Research” not only for regional scenarios climate change impacts in landscape scale, but also for assessment of climate conditions for growing capability of agricultural crops or forest trees under climate change on regional level.

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Cafferty, Kara G., David J. Muth, Jacob J. Jacobson, and Kenneth M. Bryden. "Model Based Biomass System Design of Feedstock Supply Systems for Bioenergy Production." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13559.

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Engineering feedstock supply systems that deliver affordable, high-quality biomass remains a challenge for the emerging bioenergy industry. Cellulosic biomass is geographically distributed and has diverse physical and chemical properties. Because of this feedstock supply systems that deliver cellulosic biomass resources to biorefineries require integration of a broad set of engineered unit operations. These unit operations include harvest and collection, storage, preprocessing, and transportation processes. Design decisions for each feedstock supply system unit operation impact the engineering design and performance of the other system elements. These interdependencies are further complicated by spatial and temporal variances such as climate conditions and biomass characteristics. This paper develops an integrated model that couples a SQL-based data management engine and systems dynamics models to design and evaluate biomass feedstock supply systems. The integrated model, called the Biomass Logistics Model (BLM), includes a suite of databases that provide 1) engineering performance data for hundreds of equipment systems, 2) spatially explicit labor cost datasets, and 3) local tax and regulation data. The BLM analytic engine is built in the systems dynamics software package Powersim™. The BLM is designed to work with thermochemical and biochemical based biofuel conversion platforms and accommodates a range of cellulosic biomass types (i.e., herbaceous residues, short-rotation woody and herbaceous energy crops, woody residues, algae, etc.). The BLM simulates the flow of biomass through the entire supply chain, tracking changes in feedstock characteristics (i.e., moisture content, dry matter, ash content, and dry bulk density) as influenced by the various operations in the supply chain. By accounting for all of the equipment that comes into contact with biomass from the point of harvest to the throat of the conversion facility and the change in characteristics, the BLM evaluates economic performance of the engineered system, as well as determining energy consumption and green house gas performance of the design. This paper presents a BLM case study delivering corn stover to produce cellulosic ethanol. The case study utilizes the BLM to model the performance of several feedstock supply system designs. The case study also explores the impact of temporal variations in climate conditions to test the sensitivity of the engineering designs. Results from the case study show that under certain conditions corn stover can be delivered to the cellulosic ethanol biorefinery for $35/dry ton.

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Reports on the topic "Climate databases"

Clouse, Phillip G., and T. J. Whiteside. Directory of Climatic Databases. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada304246.

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Parfenova, Elena. Database "Climate parameters of seed provenances of pine in northern eurasia". SIB-Expertise, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/sib-expertise-0351-25122020.

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Database is created for pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds weight from different habitats of northern Eurasia. Each database record consists of the following fields: latitude, longitude, July temperature, January temperature, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation of vegetation period, growing degree days of vegetation period, degree days of winter period. Database is of 200 records long distributed along the whole area of pine in northern Eurasia.

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Culp, Thomas, and Katherine Cort. Database of Low-e Storm Window Energy Performance across U.S. Climate Zones. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157001.

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Cort, Katherine A., and Thomas D. Culp. Database of Low-E Storm Window Energy Performance across U.S. Climate Zones (Task ET-WIN-PNNL-FY13-01_5.3). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113601.

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Collins, Clarence O., and Tyler J. Hesser. altWIZ : A System for Satellite Radar Altimeter Evaluation of Modeled Wave Heights. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39699.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the design and implementation of a wave model evaluation system, altWIZ, which uses wave height observations from operational satellite radar altimeters. The altWIZ system utilizes two recently released altimeter databases: Ribal and Young (2019) and European Space Agency Sea State Climate Change Initiative v.1.1 level 2 (Dodet et al. 2020). The system facilitates model evaluation against 1 Hz1 altimeter data or a product created by averaging altimeter data in space and time around model grid points. The system allows, for the first time, quantitative analysis of spatial model errors within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Wave Information Study (WIS) 30+ year hindcast for coastal United States. The system is demonstrated on the WIS 2017 Atlantic hindcast, using a 1/2° basin scale grid and a 1/4° regional grid of the East Coast. Consistent spatial patterns of increased bias and root-mean-square-error are exposed. Seasonal strengthening and weakening of these spatial patterns are found, related to the seasonal variation of wave energy. Some model errors correspond to areas known for high currents, and thus wave-current interaction. In conjunction with the model comparison, additional functions for pairing altimeter measurements with buoy data and storm tracks have been built. Appendices give information on the code access (Appendix I), organization and files (Appendix II), example usage (Appendix III), and demonstrating options (Appendix IV).

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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.

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Milek, Karen, and Richard Jones, eds. Science in Scottish Archaeology: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four key headings:  High quality, high impact research: the importance of archaeological science is reflected in work that explores issues connected to important contemporary topics, including: the demography of, the nature of movement of, and contact between peoples; societal resilience; living on the Atlantic edge of Europe; and coping with environmental and climatic change. A series of large-scale and integrated archaeological science projects are required to stimulate research into these important topics. To engage fully with Science in Scottish Archaeology iv these questions data of sufficient richness is required that is accessible, both within Scotland and internationally. The RCAHMS’ database Canmore provides a model for digital dissemination that should be built on.  Integration: Archaeological science should be involved early in the process of archaeological investigation and as a matter of routine. Resultant data needs to be securely stored, made accessible and the research results widely disseminated. Sources of advice and its communication must be developed and promoted to support work in the commercial, academic, research, governmental and 3rd sectors.  Knowledge exchange and transfer: knowledge, data and skills need to be routinely transferred and embedded across the archaeological sector. This will enable the archaeological science community to better work together, establishing routes of communication and improving infrastructure. Improvements should be made to communication between different groups including peers, press and the wider public. Mechanisms exist to enable the wider community to engage with, and to feed into, the development of the archaeological and scientific database and to engage with current debates. Projects involving the wider community in data generation should be encouraged and opportunities for public engagement should be pursued through, for example, National Science Week and Scottish Archaeology Month.  Networks and forums: A network of specialists should be promoted to aid collaboration, provide access to the best advice, and raise awareness of current work. This would be complemented by creating a series inter-disciplinary working groups, to discuss and articulate archaeological science issues. An online service to match people (i.e. specialist or student) to material (whether e.g. environmental sample, artefactual assemblage, or skeletal assemblage) is also recommended. An annual meeting should also be held at which researchers would be able to promote current and future work, and draw attention to materials available for analysis, and to specialists/students looking to work on particular assemblages or projects. Such meetings could be rolled into a suitable public outreach event.

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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.

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