Relevant bibliographies by topics / Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers"

1

Zabolotskikh, E. V. "Review of methods to retrieve sea ice parameters from satellite microwave radiometer data." Известия Российской академии наук. Физика атмосферы и океана 55, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002-3515551128-151.

Full text
Abstract:
Sea ice monitoring using long-term data of satellite passive microwave instruments enables climate change estimates. These numerical estimates depend on the methods used for sea ice parameter retrievals. This work presents a review of methods to retrieve sea ice parameters from the data of satellite microwave radiometers. Physical modeling of the sea ice–ocean–atmosphere microwave radiation provides the means to identify the general sources of the retrieval errors and to classify the methods by used approach. The basics of the algorithms are formulated along with assumptions and approximations as well as the data used for the algorithm verification. Weather filters are considered to identify the areas of open water. A comparative analysis of method advantages and limitations is given related to sea ice concentration retrievals from such satellite instruments as the series of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR). A review of the basic satellite sea ice products based on SSM/I, AMSR-E and AMSR2 data is complemented by the list of the essential internet resources for operational and historical sea ice data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Banks, Andrew Clive, Riho Vendt, Krista Alikas, Agnieszka Bialek, Joel Kuusk, Christophe Lerebourg, Kevin Ruddick, et al. "Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Colour (FRM4SOC)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081322.

Full text
Abstract:
Earth observation data can help us understand and address some of the grand challenges and threats facing us today as a species and as a planet, for example climate change and its impacts and sustainable use of the Earth’s resources. However, in order to have confidence in earth observation data, measurements made at the surface of the Earth, with the intention of providing verification or validation of satellite-mounted sensor measurements, should be trustworthy and at least of the same high quality as those taken with the satellite sensors themselves. Metrology tells us that in order to be trustworthy, measurements should include an unbroken chain of SI-traceable calibrations and comparisons and full uncertainty budgets for each of the in situ sensors. Until now, this has not been the case for most satellite validation measurements. Therefore, within this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) funded a series of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) projects targeting the validation of satellite data products of the atmosphere, land, and ocean, and setting the framework, standards, and protocols for future satellite validation efforts. The FRM4SOC project was structured to provide this support for evaluating and improving the state of the art in ocean colour radiometry (OCR) and satellite ocean colour validation through a series of comparisons under the auspices of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). This followed the recommendations from the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group’s white paper and supports the CEOS ocean colour virtual constellation. The main objective was to establish and maintain SI traceable ground-based FRM for satellite ocean colour and thus make a fundamental contribution to the European system for monitoring the Earth (Copernicus). This paper outlines the FRM4SOC project structure, objectives and methodology and highlights the main results and achievements of the project: (1) An international SI-traceable comparison of irradiance and radiance sources used for OCR calibration that set measurement, calibration and uncertainty estimation protocols and indicated good agreement between the participating calibration laboratories from around the world; (2) An international SI-traceable laboratory and outdoor comparison of radiometers used for satellite ocean colour validation that set OCR calibration and comparison protocols; (3) A major review and update to the protocols for taking irradiance and radiance field measurements for satellite ocean colour validation, with particular focus on aspects of data acquisition and processing that must be considered in the estimation of measurement uncertainty and guidelines for good practice; (4) A technical comparison of the main radiometers used globally for satellite ocean colour validation bringing radiometer manufacturers together around the same table for the first time to discuss instrument characterisation and its documentation, as needed for measurement uncertainty estimation; (5) Two major international side-by-side field intercomparisons of multiple ocean colour radiometers, one on the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) oceanographic cruise, and the other on the Acqua Alta oceanographic tower in the Gulf of Venice; (6) Impact and promotion of FRM within the ocean colour community, including a scientific road map for the FRM-based future of satellite ocean colour validation and vicarious calibration (based on the findings of the FRM4SOC project, the consensus from two major international FRM4SOC workshops and previous literature, including the IOCCG white paper on in situ ocean colour radiometry).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Poulsen, C. A., P. D. Watts, G. E. Thomas, A. M. Sayer, R. Siddans, R. G. Grainger, B. N. Lawrence, E. Campmany, S. M. Dean, and C. Arnold. "Cloud retrievals from satellite data using optimal estimation: evaluation and application to ATSR." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 2389–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2389-2011.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Clouds play an important role in balancing the Earth's radiation budget. Clouds reflect sunlight which cools the Earth, and also trap infrared radiation in the same manner as greenhouse gases. Changes in cloud cover and cloud properties over time can have important consequences for climate. The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) has identified current gaps in the understanding of clouds and related climate feedback processes as a leading cause of uncertainty in forecasting climate change. In this paper we present an algorithm that uses optimal estimation to retrieve cloud parameters from satellite multi-spectral imager data, in particular the Along-Track Scanning Radiometers ATSR-2 and AATSR. The cloud parameters retrieved are the cloud top pressure, cloud optical depth, cloud effective radius, cloud fraction and cloud phase. Importantly, the technique also provides estimated errors along with the retrieved values and quantifies the consistency between retrieval representation of cloud and satellite radiances. This should enable the effective use of the products for comparison with climate models or for exploitation via data assimilation. The technique is evaluated by performing retrieval simulations for a variety of simulated single layer and multi-layer conditions. Examples of applying the algorithm to ATSR-2 flight data are presented and the sensitivity of the retrievals assessed. This algorithm has been applied to both ATSR-2 and AATSR visible and infrared measurements in the context of the GRAPE (Global Retrieval and cloud Product Evaluation) project to produce a 14 year consistent record for climate research (Sayer et al., 2010).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Urabe, Tomoyuki, Xiaoxiong Xiong, Taichiro Hashiguchi, Shigemasa Ando, Yoshihiko Okamura, and Kazuhiro Tanaka. "Radiometric Model and Inter-Comparison Results of the SGLI-VNR On-Board Calibration." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010069.

Full text
Abstract:
The Second Generation Global Imager (SGLI) on Global Change Observation Mission–Climate (GCOM-C) satellite empowers surface and atmospheric measurements related to the carbon cycle and radiation budget, with two radiometers of Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (SGLI-VNR) and Infrared Scanning Radiometer (SGLI-IRS) that perform a wide-band (380 nm–12 µm) optical observation not only with as wide as a 1150–1400 km field of view (FOV), but also with as high as 0.25–0.5 km resolution. Additionally, polarization and along-track slant view observations are quite characteristic of SGLI. It is important to calibrate radiometers to provide the sensor data records for more than 28 standard products and 23 research products including clouds, aerosols, ocean color, vegetation, snow and ice, and other applications. In this paper, the radiometric model and the first results of on-board calibrations on the SGLI-VNR, which include weekly solar and light-emitting diode (LED) calibration and monthly lunar calibration, will be described. Each calibration data was obtained with corrections, where beta angle correction and avoidance of reflection from multilayer insulation (MLI) were applied for solar calibration; LED temperature correction was performed for LED calibration; and the GIRO (GSICS (Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System) Implementation of the ROLO (RObotic Lunar Observatory) model) model was used for lunar calibration. Results show that the inter-comparison of the relative degradation amount between these three calibrations agreed to within 1% or less.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

De Mazière, Martine, Anne M. Thompson, Michael J. Kurylo, Jeannette D. Wild, Germar Bernhard, Thomas Blumenstock, Geir O. Braathen, et al. "The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC): history, status and perspectives." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 7 (April 11, 2018): 4935–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4935-2018.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) is an international global network of more than 90 stations making high-quality measurements of atmospheric composition that began official operations in 1991 after 5 years of planning. Apart from sonde measurements, all measurements in the network are performed by ground-based remote-sensing techniques. Originally named the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC), the name of the network was changed to NDACC in 2005 to better reflect the expanded scope of its measurements. The primary goal of NDACC is to establish long-term databases for detecting changes and trends in the chemical and physical state of the atmosphere (mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere) and to assess the coupling of such changes with climate and air quality. NDACC's origins, station locations, organizational structure, and data archiving are described. NDACC is structured around categories of ground-based observational techniques (sonde, lidar, microwave radiometers, Fourier-transform infrared, UV-visible DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy)-type, and Dobson–Brewer spectrometers, as well as spectral UV radiometers), timely cross-cutting themes (ozone, water vapour, measurement strategies, cross-network data integration), satellite measurement systems, and theory and analyses. Participation in NDACC requires compliance with strict measurement and data protocols to ensure that the network data are of high and consistent quality. To widen its scope, NDACC has established formal collaborative agreements with eight other cooperating networks and Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW). A brief history is provided, major accomplishments of NDACC during its first 25 years of operation are reviewed, and a forward-looking perspective is presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sánchez-Zapero, Jorge, Fernando Camacho, Enrique Martínez-Sánchez, Roselyne Lacaze, Dominique Carrer, Florian Pinault, Iskander Benhadj, and Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater. "Quality Assessment of PROBA-V Surface Albedo V1 for the Continuity of the Copernicus Climate Change Service." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162596.

Full text
Abstract:
The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) includes estimates of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) as a series of Climate Data Records (CDRs) derived from satellite data. The C3S Surface Albedo (SA) v1.0 CDR is composed of observations from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) (1981–2005), and VEGETATION sensors onboard Satellites for the Observation of the Earth (SPOT/VGT) (1998–2014) and Project for Onboard Autonomy satellite (PROBA-V) (2014–2020), and will continue with Sentinel-3 (from 2020 onwards). The goal of this study is to assess the uncertainties associated with the C3S PROBA-V SA v1.0 product, with a focus on the transition from SPOT/VGT to PROBA-V. The methodology followed the good practices recommended by the Land Product Validation sub-group (LPV) of the Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) of the Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS) for the validation of satellite-derived global albedo products. Several performance criteria were evaluated, including an intercomparison with National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) MCD43A3 C6 products. C3S PROBA-V SA v1.0 and MCD43A3 C6 showed similar completeness but had higher fractions of missing data than C3S SPOT/VGT SA v1.0. C3S PROBA-V SA v1.0 showed similar precision (~1%) to MCD43A3 C6, improving the results of SPOT/VGT SA v1.0 (2–3%), but C3S PROBA-V SA v1.0 provided residual noise in the near-infrared (NIR). Good spatio-temporal continuity between C3S PROBA-V and SPOT/VGT SA v1.0 products was found with a mean bias between ±2%. The comparison with MCD43A3 C6 showed positive mean biases (5%, 8%, and 12% for visible, NIR and total shortwave, respectively). The accuracy assessment with ground measurements showed a median error of 18.4% with systematic overestimation (positive bias of 11.5%). The percentage of PROBA-V retrievals complying with the C3S target requirements was 28.6%.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Sherman, Kenneth, John O'Reilly, Igor M. Belkin, Christopher Melrose, and Kevin D. Friedland. "The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 4 (January 11, 2011): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq177.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Sherman, K., O'Reilly, J., Belkin, I. M., Melrose, C., and Friedland, K. D. 2011. The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 667–676. In 1992, world leaders at the historical UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) recognized that the exploitation of resources in coastal oceans was becoming increasingly unsustainable, resulting in an international effort to assess, recover, and manage goods and services of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). More than $3 billion in support to 110 economically developing nations have been dedicated to operationalizing a five-module approach supporting LME assessment and management practices. An important component of this effort focuses on the effects of climate change on fisheries biomass yields of LMEs, using satellite remote sensing and in situ sampling of key indicators of changing ecological conditions. Warming appears to be reducing primary productivity in the lower latitudes, where stratification of the water column has intensified. Fishery biomass yields in the Subpolar LMEs of the Northeast Atlantic are also increasing as zooplankton levels increase with warming. During the current period of climate warming, it is especially important for space agency programmes in Asia, Europe, and the United States to continue to provide satellite-borne radiometry data to the global networks of LME assessment scientists.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Iacovazzi, Robert A., and Changyong Cao. "Reducing Uncertainties of SNO-Estimated Intersatellite AMSU-A Brightness Temperature Biases for Surface-Sensitive Channels." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecha1020.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In this study, a technique has been developed to improve collocation of two passive-microwave satellite instrument datasets at a simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO). The technique has been designed for the purpose of reducing uncertainties related to SNO-inferred intersatellite brightness temperature (Tb) biases, and it involves replacing the current “nearest-neighbor pixel matching” collocation technique with quality-controlled bilinear interpolation. Since the largest Tb bias estimation uncertainties of the SNO method are associated with highly variable earth scenes and window channels of microwave radiometers that have relatively large (∼50 km) separation between measurements, the authors have used Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A (AMSU-A) data to develop the technique. It is found that using the new data collocation technique reduces SNO ensemble mean Tb bias confidence intervals in the SNO method, as applied to surface-sensitive channels of AMSU-A, by nearly 70% on average. This improvement in the SNO method enhances its ability to quantify intersatellite Tb biases at microwave radiometer channels that are sensitive to surface radiation, which is necessary to advance the sciences of numerical weather prediction and climate change detection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hüsler, F., T. Jonas, M. Riffler, J. P. Musial, and S. Wunderle. "A satellite-based snow cover climatology (1985–2011) for the European Alps derived from AVHRR data." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 3 (June 24, 2013): 3001–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-3001-2013.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Seasonal snow cover is of great environmental and socio-economic importance for the European Alps. Therefore a high priority has been assigned to quantifying its temporal and spatial variability. Complementary to land-based monitoring networks, optical satellite observations can be used to derive spatially comprehensive information on snow cover extent. For understanding long-term changes in alpine snow cover extent, the data acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors mounted onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) and Meteorological Operational satellite (MetOp) platforms offer a~unique source of information. In this paper, we present the first space-borne 1 km snow extent climatology for the Alpine region derived from AVHRR data over the period 1985–2011. The objective of this study is twofold: first, to generate a new set of cloud-free satellite snow products using a specific cloud gap-filling technique and second, to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of snow cover in the European Alps over the last 27 yr from the satellite perspective. For this purpose, snow parameters such as snow onset day, snow cover duration (SCD), melt-out date and the snow cover area percentage (SCA) were employed to analyze spatio-temporal variability of snow cover over the course of 3 decades. On the regional scale, significant trends were found toward a shorter SCD at lower elevations in the south-east and south-west. However, our results do not show any significant trends in the monthly mean SCA over the last 27 yr. This is in agreement with other research findings and may indicate a~deceleration of the decreasing snow trend in the Alpine region. Given the importance of mountain regions for climate change assessment, this study recommends the complementary use of remote sensing data for long-term snow applications. It bears the potential to provide spatially and temporally comprehensive snow information for use in related research fields or to serve as a reference for climate models.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Myers, Daryl R., Thomas L. Stoffel, Ibrahim Reda, Stephen M. Wilcox, and Afshin M. Andreas. "Recent Progress in Reducing the Uncertainty in and Improving Pyranometer Calibrations." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1434262.

Full text
Abstract:
The Measurements and Instrumentation Team within the Distributed Energy Resources Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL, calibrates pyranometers for outdoor testing solar energy conversion systems. The team also supports climate change research programs. These activities led NREL to improve pyranometer calibrations. Low thermal-offset radiometers measuring the sky diffuse component of the reference solar irradiance removes bias errors on the order of 20 Watts per square meter (W/m2) in the calibration reference irradiance. Zenith angle dependent corrections to responsivities of pyranometers removes 15 to 30 W/m2 bias errors from field measurements. Detailed uncertainty analysis of our outdoor calibration process shows a 20% reduction in the uncertainty in the responsivity of pyranometers. These improvements affect photovoltaic module and array performance characterization, assessment of solar resources for design, sizing, and deployment of solar renewable energy systems, and ground-based validation of satellite-derived solar radiation fluxes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers"

1

Jung, Fan. "Satellite measurements of surface temperatures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308756.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Payne, Meredith C. "Development and use of satellite-derived sea-surface temperature data for the nearshore North Pacific and Arctic Oceans : temperature pattern analysis and implications for climate change at ecoregional scale." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28626.

Full text
Abstract:
The quantification and description of sea surface temperature (SST) is critically important because it can influence the distribution, migration, and invasion of marine species; furthermore, SSTs are expected to be affected by climate change. Recent research indicates that there has been a warming trend in ocean temperatures over the last 50 years. Hence, we sought to identify and demonstrate how a particularly germane SST dataset can be used within the scope of global climate change research. For this project we assembled a 29-year nearshore time series of mean monthly SSTs along the North Pacific coastline, as well as mean monthly SSTs for ice-free regions of the Arctic, using remotely-sensed satellite data collected with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. By providing detailed information concerning both dataset generation and data limitations, we aimed to make these data comprehensible to an expanded audience concentrating on life sciences rather than the traditionally physical science-based community. Furthermore, by making these data freely and publically available in multiple formats, including GIS (geographic information systems) layers, we expand their visibility and the extent of their use. We then used the dataset to describe SST patterns of nearshore (< 20 km offshore) regions of 16 North Pacific ecoregions, and of ice-free regions of 20 Arctic ecoregions, as delineated by the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) hierarchical schema. Our work creates a better understanding of present temperature regimes in these critically sensitive areas, from which we can draw several basic conclusions. 1) AVHRR SST measurements alone are sufficient to identify temperature patterns pertinent to determining health of ecosystems; 2) Within the nearshore North Pacific, ecoregions along the California Current System are most vulnerable to habitat-altering SST changes; 3) sea ice distribution is a major factor affecting SSTs in Arctic ecoregions, causing concern for the welfare of Arctic species.
Graduation date: 2012
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers"

1

Los, Sietse Oene. Linkages between global vegetation and climate: An analysis based on NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer data : contract NAS-31752. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Carlson, Toby N. A remotely sensed index of deforestation/urbanization for use in climate models: Annual performance report for the period 1 January 1995 - 31 December 1995. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Carlson, Toby N. A remotely sensed index of deforestation/urbanization for use in climate models: Annual performance report for the period 1 January 1995 - 31 December 1995. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

J, Jedlovec Gary, Atkinson Robert J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. The use of a satellite climatological data set to infer large scale three dimensional flow characteristics. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

J, Jedlovec Gary, Atkinson Robert J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. The use of a satellite climatological data set to infer large scale three dimensional flow characteristics. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Remotely sensed index of deforestation/urbanization for use in climate models: Annual performance report for the period 1 January 1996 - 31 December 1996 for NASA grant no. NAGW-4250. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, Office of Sponsored Programs, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers"

1

Chiu, Long S., Si Gao, and Dong-Bin Shin. "Climate-Scale Oceanic Rainfall Based on Passive Microwave Radiometry." In Satellite-based Applications on Climate Change, 225–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5872-8_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sassen, Kenneth, and Gerald Mace. "Ground-based Remote Sensing of Cirrus Clouds." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0012.

Full text
Abstract:
Cirrus clouds have only recently been recognized as having a significant influence on weather and climate through their impact on the radiative energy budget of the atmosphere. In addition, the unique difficulties presented by the study of cirrus put them on the “back burner” of atmospheric research for much of the twentieth century. Foremost, because they inhabit the frigid upper troposphere, their inaccessibility has hampered intensive research. Other factors have included a lack of in situ instrumentation to effectively sample the clouds and environment, and basic uncertainties in the underlying physics of ice cloud formation, growth, and maintenance. Cloud systems that produced precipitation, severe weather, or hazards to aviation were deemed more worthy of research support until the mid- 1980s. Beginning at this time, however, major field research programs such as the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program) Regional Experiment (FIRE; Cox et al. 1987), International Cirrus Experiment (ICE; Raschke et al. 1990), Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study (ECLIPS; Platt et al. 1994), and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (Stokes and Schwartz 1994) have concentrated on cirrus cloud research, relying heavily on ground-based remote sensing observations combined with research aircraft. What has caused this change in research emphasis is an appreciation for the potentially significant role that cirrus play in maintaining the radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system (Liou 1986). As climate change issues were treated more seriously, it was recognized that the effects, or feedbacks, of extensive high-level ice clouds in response to global warming could be pivotal. This fortunately came at a time when new generations of meteorological instrumentation were becoming available. Beginning in the early 1970s, major advancements were made in the fields of numerical cloud modeling and cloud measurements using aircraft probes, satellite multispectral imaging, and remote sensing with lidar, short-wavelength radar, and radiometers, all greatly facilitating cirrus research. Each of these experimental approaches have their advantages and drawbacks, and it should also be noted that a successful cloud modeling effort relies on field data for establishing boundary conditions and providing case studies for validation. Although the technologies created for in situ aircraft measurements can clearly provide unique knowledge of cirrus cloud thermodynamic and microphysical properties (Dowling and Radke 1990), available probes may suffer from limitations in their response to the wide range of cirrus particles and actually sample a rather small volume of cloud during any mission.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sassen, Kenneth. "Cirrus: A Modern Perspective." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0006.

Full text
Abstract:
It is now understood that the cirrus clouds inhabiting the upper troposphere play a significant role in regulating the radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system and so must be recognized as a crucial component in solving the human-induced climate change puzzle (Liou 1986). Because of their high altitudes, these cold, ice-dominated clouds act as a thermal blanket by trapping the outgoing terrestrial (infrared) radiation, but, at the same time, they can be effective at reflecting the incoming solar radiation back out to space. The balance between these two radiative processes, the greenhouse and albedo effects, respectively, determines the net impact of cirrus on our climate system. Which process dominates appears to be quite sensitive to the cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties (e.g., see Stephans et al. 1990). These properties in turn depend on the weather processes that generate cirrus, a function of geographic location, thereby complicating the global view. Of current concern is comprehending how cirrus clouds will respond, or feedback, to the effects of global warming caused by the buildup of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Would the changing atmosphere produce alterations in cirrus clouds that reinforce, or act to negate, the theoretically predicted global warming surmised from fundamental physics? One must also ask whether increasing jet aircraft traffic is creating more cirrus cloud cover, and if this traffic and agricultural activities are increasing the transport of dust and smoke particles into the upper troposphere and affecting, in a radiatively important sense, those cirrus formed naturally. Settling these issues could be pivotal to making difficult decisions on the future use of the Earth's resources. Fortunately, a new generation of meteorological instrumentation has become available. The need for these new measurement capabilities has helped to spawn and adapt instrumentation for cirrus research. Sophisticated cloud measurement capabilities using in situ probes on jet aircraft, satellite multispectral imaging, and remote sensing with lidar, short-wavelength radar, and passive radiometers, have all greatly facilitated cirrus cloud research. Major advancements have also been made in the field of numerical cloud modeling. As will be reviewed briefly here and in depth in following chapters, these developments have significantly advanced our knowledge of the characteristic properties of cirrus clouds over the past few decades.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Arora, Mohit, Kalyan De, Nandini Ray Chaudhury, Mandar Nanajkar, Prakash Chauhan, and Brijendra Pateriya. "Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India." In Climate Issues in Asia and Africa - Examining Climate, Its Flux, the Consequences, and Society's Responses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96806.

Full text
Abstract:
Coral reefs are one of the most sensitive, productive, and invaluable biological resources on the earth. However, coral reefs are facing unprecedented stress due to ongoing climate changes and intensified anthropogenic disturbances globally. Elevated Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has emerged as the most imminent threat to the thermos-sensitive reef-building corals. The 2010–2014-2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused prolonged marine heat waves (MHWs) that led to the most widespread coral bleaching and mortality in the tropical Indi-Pacific regions. Coral bleaching prediction is vital for the management of the reef biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and services. Recent decades, satellite remote sensing has emerged as a convenient tool for large-scale coral reef monitoring programs. As thermal stress is a critical physical attribute for coral bleaching hence, the present study examines the effectiveness of the elevated SSTs as a proxy to predict coral bleaching in shallow water marginal reefs. Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch’s (CRW) platform has been used for this study. Coral bleaching indices like Bleaching Threshold (BT), Positive SST Anomaly (PA), and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) are computed to analyze the thermal stress on the coral reefs. The computed thermal stress from satellite-derived SST data over regions concurrence with the mass coral bleaching (MCB) events. This study concludes that in the last decades (2010 to 2019) the coral cover around these regions has dramatically declined due to higher SST, which indicates that the thermal stress induced recurrent bleaching events attributed to the coral loss.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Platt, C. Martin R. "Structural and Optical Properties of Cirrus from LIRAD-type Observations." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0014.

Full text
Abstract:
The problem of cirrus clouds, their formation and interactions with solar and infrared (IR) radiation, has been studied over the past two or three decades. Considerable progress has been made over that time through ground-based, satellite, and aircraft observations. This has led to the implementation of fairly sophisticated parameterizations in global circulation models (GCMs; e.g., Rotstayn 1997). However, many problems concerning cirrus properties and their formation remain (e.g., Lee and Somerville 1996; Lohmann and Roeckner 1996). The lidar/radiometer (LIRAD) method was originally formulated to obtain cirrus radiative properties from the ground, with the long-range aim of improving models of the earth's climate (Platt and Gambling 1971; Platt 1973). The method enables many repeated observations easily, once the initial equipment is assembled. The method is essentially a way of obtaining cloud height and depth (from which cloud temperature can be obtained from radiosonde data) simultaneously with a measurement of infrared radiance. This is accomplished in the atmospheric window (8-13 μm), where water vapor or other gaseous absorption is small enough to allow measurement of cirrus cloud radiance without too much error. A cirrus IR emittance can then be calculated, given the cloud depth and temperature. This simple scheme can reveal other facets of the cirrus cloud, such as information on cloud microphysics and particle size. A second lidar channel for detecting depolarized radiation gives information on cloud phase, and even cloud ice crystal habit in the case of hexagonal plate crystals. This chapter describes LIRAD measurements taken over many years in both mid-latitude and tropical cirrus. The observations described by Platt (1973), Platt and Dilley (1981), and Platt et al. (1987, 1998) are then compared to some LIRAD-type observations made by other workers in the field. The LIRAD method uses a calibrated lidar and narrow-beam spectral infrared radiometer placed in close proximity, with both axes aligned accurately to observe the same volume of cloud. The secret of the method is to use compatible field apertures in both instruments and to use a sensitive radiometer that is fast enough to record the rapid fluctuations in cloud emission that can occur (e.g., Platt and Dilley 1981). The lidar is calibrated carefully against a known molecular atmosphere.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Donlon, Craig J., Peter J. Minnett, Nigel Fox, and Werenfrid Wimmer. "Strategies for the Laboratory and Field Deployment of Ship-Borne Fiducial Reference Thermal Infrared Radiometers in Support of Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Climate Data Records." In Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, 557–603. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-417011-7.00018-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers"

1

Myers, Daryl R., Thomas L. Stoffel, Ibrahim Reda, Stephen M. Wilcox, and Afshin M. Andreas. "Recent Progress in Reducing the Uncertainty in and Improving Pyranometer Calibrations." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-126.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The Measurements and Instrumentation Team within the Distributed Energy Resources Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL, calibrates pyranometers for outdoor testing solar energy conversion systems. The team also supports climate change research programs. These activities led NREL to improve pyranometer calibrations. Low thermal-offset radiometers measuring the sky diffuse component of the reference solar irradiance removes bias errors on the order of 20 Watts per square meter (W/m2) in the calibration reference irradiance. Zenith angle dependent corrections to responsivities of pyranometers removes 15 to 30 W/m2 bias errors from field measurements. Detailed uncertainty analysis of our outdoor calibration process shows a 20% reduction in the uncertainty in the responsivity of pyranometers. These improvements affect photovoltaic module and array performance characterization, assessment of solar resources for design, sizing, and deployment of solar renewable energy systems, and ground-based validation of satellite-derived solar radiation fluxes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lebedev, S. A. "Climatic change of the Baltic Sea level and sea surface temperature based on satellite altimetry and radiometry." In 2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2014.6887870.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Climate change; Satellite-borne radiometers' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography