Journal articles on the topic 'Climate change demonstrations'
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1
Wahlström, Mattias, Magnus Wennerhag, and Christopher Rootes. "Framing “The Climate Issue”: Patterns of Participation and Prognostic Frames among Climate Summit Protesters." Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 4 (November 2013): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00200.
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Did the protests surrounding recent climate summits mark the emergence of a climate justice movement? We analyze responses to surveys of three large demonstrations in Copenhagen, Brussels, and London, organized in connection with the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference (COP-15) to determine who demonstrated, and how and why the collective action frames employed by demonstrators varied. The demonstrations were products of the mobilization of broad coalitions of groups, and we find significant variation in demonstrators' prognostic framings—the ways in which they formulated solutions to climate problems. Most notably, there was a tension between system-critical framings and those oriented around individual action. A large proportion of demonstrators expressed affinity with the global justice movement (GJM), but we find little evidence of an emerging “climate justice” frame among rank-and-file protesters. Individual variations in framing reflect differences between the mobilization contexts of the three demonstrations, the perspectives and values of individual participants, and the extent of their identification with the GJM.
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ASuryani, Ade. "Sosialisasi Strategi Mitigasi Petani terhadap Perubahan Iklim di Korong Sijangek Kanagarian Sungai Durian Kecamatan Patamuan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman." RANGKIANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/rangkiang.2019.v1i2.3929.
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Changes in global climate that changes the average global temperature increases. Increased greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, specifically CO2, have trapped heat in the Earth's atmosphere. This has an impact on the global system that causes everything from unexpected rainfall to extreme heat waves. The earth has gone through a period of warming and which is associated with repeated changes. What is currently the main concern and carried out by researchers is the heating process which is carried out faster than previously done, and also the increases associated with increasing levels of human production. The method of service activities that are used, among others: Lecture The use of laptops and LCDs helps socialization participants more easily discuss socialization material, relatively more material and limited training time, Demonstrations. Demonstrations were carried out by the service team as a source in the hope that the training participants could be carried out in accordance with the instructions given by the nara sources.
Keywords: Socialization. Mitigation. Climate change.
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Uusitalo, Niina. "Unveiling unseen climate practices on Instagram." Novos Olhares 9, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-7714.no.2020.171996.
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Climate change is often portrayed through stereotypical, extreme or controversial messages, with the role of human agency attached to consumption and demonstrations. Such depictions can be demotivating and cause issue fatigue. There is a need to broaden and elaborate our understanding of human connections to climate change. The aim of this paper is to identify a wide array of climate practices expressed by social media users. An empirical study of 42 Finnish ecological Instagram accounts was conducted. The textual and visual contents of climate-related posts were qualitatively analyzed to identify climate practices and the role visual images play in these representations. Six types of climate practices were identified in the data: detaching, reforming, transilluminating, persevering, caring and consolidating. The visualization of climate practices should be expanded in the media to broaden the understanding of potential human agency in the climate crisis.
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Anderson, Paulo Renda, Carlos Mergulhão Júnior, Moacy José Stoffes Junior, and Cléver Reis Stein. "Construction of an experimental apparatus to simulate the greenhouse effect and global warming for educational use." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss8.2535.
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This article describes the construction of a complete experimental apparatus to simulate the greenhouse and global warming for educatioal use. These demonstrations are fundamental for people understand the importance of greenhouse effect to keep that life continues on earth and, know about climate change and the causes of global warming. For development of this devise we used an Arduino UNO, temperature and pressure sensors, and low cost products. The experimental results showed that the average atmosphere temperature increases with the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). Moreover, this apparatus can be used in classroom to demonstration these important global phenomena.
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Kowasch, Matthias, Joana P. Cruz, Pedro Reis, Niklas Gericke, and Katharina Kicker. "Climate Youth Activism Initiatives: Motivations and Aims, and the Potential to Integrate Climate Activism into ESD and Transformative Learning." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 11581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111581.
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For about two years, the climate youth activism initiative Fridays for Future has addressed climate emergency, receiving considerable attention because of their consistent protests every week in many different locations worldwide. Based on empirical studies in Austria and Portugal, this paper investigates the motivations of students to participate in the movement and the solutions proposed by young activists to fight against climate emergency. Moreover, we discuss the integration of climate change activism into ESD (education for sustainable development) and transformative learning processes, and how this enables environmental citizenship. The results of the studies reveal that emotions and feelings of solidarity and collective aims are motives to participate in the strikes. The young activists sometimes propose innovative and sometimes radical solutions to climate emergency. Both demonstrations and exhibitions as forms of bottom-up climate activism initiatives contribute to engagement in political dialogue and scientific knowledge transfer. They can be seen as “triggers of change” for transformative learning.
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Dovhyi, S. O., K. V. Terletskа, and S. M. Babiіchuk. "Climate education in Junior academy of sciences of Ukraine." Scientific Notes of Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 2(18) (2020): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51707/2618-0529-2020-18-01.
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Global climate change is one of the central issue of human progress. In the long run, climate change is likely cause a significant slowdown in economic growth. Education is one of the important decision-making tools to adress further climate change. Climate education requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes as the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, geography, biology, geophysics, etc.) and the social sciences (economics, law, etc.). Climate education in the Junior academy sciences of Ukraine (as a UNESCO center of science education) includes techniques within the framework of science education, that based on projects and active teaching, discussing problems in class, questioning: inquiry-based approaches to learning, research to investigate the hypotheses, which may be carried out through experiments, investigations, observations or documentary studies that will lead to solutions with the climate change. The goal of this educational activity is to develop environmental awareness, understanding of the physical aspects of the formation of natural phenomena such as the greenhouse effect, ocean currents and atmospheric circulation, other scientific knowledge and life skills. They are necessary for young people to understand the causes, consequences and mechanisms of climate change. The possibilities of integrating elements of science education on climate issues in the extracurricular education program are described in present paper. In the paper we describe as some examples and corresponding demonstrations of physical experiments as the possibilities of remote sensing to monitor climate change and factors affecting to them.
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Moye Eric Kongnso, Nsahlai Loveline Kongla, and Kiming Ignatius Ngala. "Agricultural Extension Approaches and Climate Change Communication Within the Ndop Rice Sector, North West Region, Cameroon." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss2pp125-141.
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Climate change communication is a pre-requisite for proper adaptation. This article seeks to examine the agricultural extension approaches used in the Ndop rice sector within the context of climate variability and change. Using a mixed research approach, questionnaires were administered to 216 purposively sampled rice farmers, interviews conducted with 16 extension agents and three focus group discussions were organized. Results revealed that extension workers have been using farm demonstrations, capacity building of farmers through training and participatory approaches. However, these approaches have proven to be limited and inefficient. Challenges in climate change communication are attributed to factors such as; low ratio of extension workers to rice farmers, inadequate communication in the mass media (7.14%), no access to internet (4.17%), low competencies of extension staffs (68.75%) and limited access to weather elements. Given that climate change communication is complex and requires a mastery of the climatic systems, the extension services need to continuously upgrade capacities of their staffs and strengthen the link between research institutions, extension workers and farmers.
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Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Maria Luísa Lima, and José-Manuel Sabucedo. "“Save the climate! Stop the oil”: Actual protest behavior and core framing tasks in the Portuguese climate movement." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 8, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 426–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v8i1.1116.
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In this article, we focus on two demonstrations against climate change that took place in Portugal on the 12th of November 2016 and the 29th of April 2017. Two separate studies were conducted on the same protests. In Study 1, we conducted a quantitative study (N = 259), to examine the role of socio-demographics and socio-psychological predictors in predicting the actual protest. Participants were demonstrators (N = 158), as well as non-demonstrators (N = 101). Results indicated that moral motivation and identification as an environmentalist were the key variables in explaining actual protest. In Study 2, we conducted a framing analysis of the written manifestos (N = 2), to identify the core framing tasks which were used to inspire and legitimize the protests. The framing analysis suggests that the problems and paths for action were described by appealing to the interlinkage between the global and local dimensions of climate change, and that arguments of severity and urgency of the problem were the most salient. The implications of this research are discussed in relation to possible pathways for a more comprehensive understanding of the reasons why people engage in collective action in climate change related issues, and how these motives may relate to how social movements mobilize people for action.
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Manhard, Christopher V., John E. Joyce, and Anthony J. Gharrett. "Evolution of phenology in a salmonid population: a potential adaptive response to climate change." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 10 (October 2017): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0028.
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Accumulating evidence has indicated that many fish populations are responding to climate change through shifts in migration time, but genetic data identifying the role of evolution in these shifts are rare. One of the first demonstrations of evolution of migration time was produced by monitoring allozyme alleles that were experimentally manipulated to genetically mark late-migrating pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Here, we extend that research by using observations of the marker alleles in fry to demonstrate that these changes in migration time were caused by directional selection against the late-migrating phenotype during the oceanic phase of the salmonid life cycle. The selective event, which appeared to be driven by early vernal warming of the nearshore marine environment and consequent decreased survival of late-migrating fry relative to early-migrating fry, decreased the late-migrating phenotype from more than 50% to approximately 10% of the total fry abundance in only one generation. These demographic changes have persisted over the subsequent 13 generations and suggest that a larger trend toward earlier migration time in this population may reflect adaptation to warming sea-surface temperatures.
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Eggert, Nina, and Marco Giugni. "Homogenizing "Old" and "New" Social Movements: A Comparison of Partipants in May Day and Climate Change Demonstrations." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.17.3.5m40368417v63828.
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We assess whether the distinction between old and new social movements still holds by examining the social class and value orientations of participants in old and new social movement protests. We argue that new cleavages have emerged from globalization, affecting not only electoral politics, but also contentious politics, and thereby having a homogenization effect on the structural basis of movements of the left. Moreover, we hypothesize that traditional cleavages, such as class mediate the homogenization effect of new cleavages. We look at participants in May Day and climate change demonstrations in Belgium and Sweden, two countries that differ in terms of strength of class cleavage. Results show that there is evidence of homogenization between old and new social movements and that this effect is more important when the class cleavage is stronger.
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Boos, Philip, and Gesa Jessen. "„Wir sind hier, wir sind laut“ – Artikulationen von Emotionen der Nähe auf Fahrraddemonstrationen." Geographica Helvetica 78, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-78-1-2023.
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Abstract. The article examines how citizens' initiatives use articulations of proximity in the context of emotionalized environment perceptions for demanding the integration of protective bicycle infrastructure in urban design. In order to do so, we present a variety of material consisting of images and language that was created in 2020 as part of various bicycle demonstrations in Berlin-Neukölln. These flyer texts, posters, speeches and photos help to understand how concerns about safety and quality of life are articulated in a language of proximity. What is perceived as closer spatially (urban spaces of everyday use such as streets in front of individuals' doors, regularly frequented cycling routes) becomes intertwined with what is perceived as closer in time, i.e. imminent and already occurring “great phenomena” (Everts, 2016) such as climate change and scarcity of resources. In our study, we assume that bicycle demonstrations function as transformation experiences. Bicycle demonstrations are motivated by emotions such as fear or anger, but can also generate different emotions such as joy and sense of community in the course of protest. For the duration of the demonstrations, streets become lived spaces suitable for bicycles, while the power relations that otherwise determine urban road traffic are challenged for a short amount of time. The experience of closeness becomes one of belonging and self-determination. It is these appropriations of space that mark bicycle demonstrations as a form of protest worth investigating, since they contribute to transforming emotions and intensifying perceptions of one's own environment.
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Padilla-Castillo, Graciela, and Jonattan Rodríguez-Hernández. "International Youth Movements for Climate Change: The #FridaysForFuture Case on Twitter." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010268.
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Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are critical pieces of climate change communication. #FridaysForFuture (FFF) is one of the movements with the most coverage. This paper analyzes the network structure generated in Twitter by the interactions created by its users about the 23 September 2022 demonstrations, locates the most relevant users in the conversation based on multiple measures of intermediation and centrality of Social Network Analysis (SNA), identifies the most important topics of conversation regarding the #FridaysForFuture movement, and checks if the use of audio-visual content or links associated with the messages have a direct influence on the engagement. The NodeXL pro program was used for data collection and the different structures were represented using the Social Network Analysis method (SNA). Thanks to this methodology, the most relevant centrality measures were calculated: eigenvector centrality, betweenness centrality as relative measures, and the levels of indegree and outdegree as absolute measures. The network generated by the hashtag #FridaysforFuture consisted of a total of 12,136 users, who interacted on a total of 37,007 occasions. The type of action on the Twitter social network was distributed in five categories: 16,420 retweets, 14,866 mentions in retweets, 3151 mentions, 1584 tweets, and 986 replies. It is concluded that the number of communities is large and geographically distributed around the world, and the most successful accounts are so because of their relevance to those communities; the action of bots is tangible and is not demonized by the platform; some users can achieve virality without being influencers; the three languages that stood out are English, French, and German; and climate activism generates more engagement from users than the usual Twitter engagement average.
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Walgrave, Stefaan, Ruud Wouters, Jeroen Van Laer, Joris Verhulst, and Pauline Ketelaars. "Transnational Collective Identification: May Day and Climate Change Protesters' Identification with Similar Protest Events in Other Countries." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.17.3.3nkh1p041013500q.
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Why do some people participating in transnational protest events identify with their foreign counterparts while others participating in the same events do not? We find that participants in a series of May Day and climate change events are aware that the events are part of a broader struggle, and many in fact identify with their overseas counterparts. However, there are differences between demonstrations. Some are populated with people who identify transnationally, while others are comprised of participants who more closely identify with their national companions. Focusing on differences in transnational identification at the participant level, our findings can be summarized in two statements: (1) protest participation is a stronger producer of transnational identification than associational activism; (2) expressive protesters identify more transnationally than instrumentally motivated protesters.
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Jones, Roy. "Rural Sustainability in the Face of Climate Change: Consultation and Adaptation in Australia’s South West Corner." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 2, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v2i2.489.
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The Margaret River region is within a biodiversity ‘hot spot’ and is an agricultural region famous for its premium wine production and wine, gastronomic and ecotourism. These activities are vulnerable to climate change, especially to reductions in rainfall and runoff. The region has experienced demographic growth as the wine and tourism industries have expanded, and as an educated and affluent population of retirees, second home owners, ‘electronic cottagers’ and alternative lifestylers has moved into the area. Two projects, a local study as part of a national evaluation of the adaptation of tourist areas to climate change and a more focused identification of vulnerable locations and activities were supported by local government, business and community organisations and several adaptive strategies were identified. The success of these projects can in part be attributed to the relatively high levels of both education and environmental awareness possessed by the local population as a matter of happenstance. Nevertheless, the original contention of this paper is that these initiatives also allow communities like Margaret River to take on the role of front-runners, providing demonstrations and learning opportunities on how to manage the transition to sustainability and guidance on how such methods might be adapted in other rural areas facing the challenges of climate change.
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Neumann, James E., and Kenneth Strzepek. "State of the literature on the economic impacts of climate change in the United States." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 5, no. 03 (December 2014): 411–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbca-2014-9003.
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Abstract:This paper discusses the current literature on impacts and adaptation costs at the sectoral level. The focus is primarily the US, but includes examples on international applications that highlight key differences or other relevant demonstrations of method and data use. The paper provides an overall framework that addresses the components of economic impacts, including definitions of impacts, adaptation costs, and residual damages. The paper then focuses on understanding the current breadth and depth of the literature that exists to characterize what we know about economic sectors studied in the recent literature (agriculture, coastal resources, water resources, infrastructure, health, crime, energy, labor productivity, and ecosystems), how the methodologies differ, what the gaps and challenges are, and offers a sense of the impacts at the US national level. A new generation of impact studies, including the U.S. EPA’s ongoing Climate Impacts and Risk Analysis (CIRA) project; the new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 Working Group II report; the U.S. National Climate Assessment; and the Risky Business Project led by the Next Generation Foundation, provide the motivation for this review. These efforts, taken together, have advanced the state of US economic impact assessment work along two critical frontiers, both of which support benefit-cost analyses of climate change: assessment of the risk and economic consequences of extreme climatic events; and assessment of ecosystem effects. Yet, the latest work also highlights gaps in the lack of comprehensive sectoral coverage; more complete incorporation of adaptation opportunities in impact assessment; and critical cross- and multi-sectoral effects that remain poorly understood.
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Gardner, Janet L., Eleanor Rowley, Perry de Rebeira, Alma de Rebeira, and Lyanne Brouwer. "Effects of extreme weather on two sympatric Australian passerine bird species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1723 (May 8, 2017): 20160148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0148.
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Despite abundant evidence that natural populations are responding to climate change, there are few demonstrations of how extreme climatic events (ECEs) affect fitness. Climate warming increases adverse effects of exposure to high temperatures, but also reduces exposure to cold ECEs. Here, we investigate variation in survival associated with severity of summer and winter conditions, and whether survival is better predicted by ECEs than mean temperatures using data from two coexisting bird species monitored over 37 years in southwestern Australia, red-winged fairy-wrens, Malurus elegans and white-browed scrubwrens, Sericornis frontalis . Changes in survival were associated with temperature extremes more strongly than average temperatures. In scrubwrens, winter ECEs were associated with survival within the same season. In both species, survival was associated with body size, and there was evidence that size-dependent mortality was mediated by carry-over effects of climate in the previous season. For fairy-wrens, mean body size declined over time but this could not be explained by size-dependent mortality as the effects of body size on survival were consistently positive. Our study demonstrates how ECEs can have individual-level effects on survival that are not reflected in long-term morphological change, and the same climatic conditions can affect similar-sized, coexisting species in different ways. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events’.
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Šipöczová, Eva. "„Času je málo, voda stúpa.“ Minulosť, prítomnosť a budúcnosť pri tvorbe naratívu hnutia Fridays for Future na príklade transparentov." Český lid 109, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21104/cl.2022.2.02.
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Protests by the Fridays for Future movement occupied squares and streets of countries all over the world in 2019. Thanks to their popularity, they successfully brought the topic of climate change to the attention of the mass media, politics and the public. This case study is focused on the process of creating the movement’s narrative. It is based on a qualitative content analysis of inscriptions and pictures on banners that were part of the demonstrations in Brno, Bratislava and Vienna. At the centre of analysis are the past, the present and the future as important motifs of the narrative. The main question of the case study is how the demonstrators interpret, reinterpret and make constructions of these time perspectives from their specific social position, and how this interpretation is becoming a part of the narrative of the movement. The second focus of the paper is on the influence of the narrative on climate change in co-creating generation identity.
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Emilsson, Kajsa, Håkan Johansson, and Magnus Wennerhag. "Frame Disputes or Frame Consensus? “Environment” or “Welfare” First Amongst Climate Strike Protesters." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030882.
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Present debates suppose a close linkage between economic, social, and environmental sustainability and suggest that individual wellbeing and living standards need to be understood as directly linked to environmental concerns. Because social movements are often seen as an avant-garde in pushing for change, this article analyzes climate protesters’ support for three key frames in current periods of social transformation, i.e., an “environmental”, an “economic growth”, and a “welfare” frame. The analyzed data material consists of survey responses from over 900 participants in six Global Climate Strikes held in Sweden during 2019. The article investigates the explanatory relevance of three factors: (a) political and ideological orientation, (b) movement involvement, and (c) social characteristics. The results indicate that climate protesters to a large degree support an environmental frame before an economic growth-oriented frame, whereas the situation is more complex regarding support for a welfare frame vis-á-vis an environmental frame. The strongest factors explaining frame support include social characteristics (gender) and protestors’ political and ideological orientation. Movement involvement has limited significance. The article shows how these frames form a fragment of the complexity of these issues, and instances of frame distinctions, hierarchies, and disputes emerge within the most current forms of climate change demonstrations.
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Ruiu, Maria Laura, Massimo Ragnedda, and Gabriele Ruiu. "Similarities and differences in managing the Covid-19 crisis and climate change risk." Journal of Knowledge Management 24, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 2597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-06-2020-0492.
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Purpose This paper investigates both similarities and differences between two global threats represented by climate change (CC) and Covid-19 (CV). This will help understand the reasons behind the recognition of the CV as a pandemic that requires global efforts, whereas efforts to tackle climate change still lack such urgency. This paper aims to answer to the following questions: What are the elements that make CV restrictions acceptable by both the public and policymakers? and What are the elements that make CC restrictions not acceptable? Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the situation reports released by the World Health Organisation between the 11th of March (declaration of pandemic) and the 22nd of April, and their associated documents such as the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (WHO), the Risk Communication and Community Engagement Action Plan (WHO) and its updated version (WHO) and the Handbook for public health capacity-building (WHO). The analysis ends one week after President Trump’s announcement to suspend US funding to WHO (Fedor and Manson, 2020) and his support to public demonstrations against restrictions. Findings The application of the second stage of the “Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication” model identifies five lessons that can be learned from this comparison. These relate to the necessity to simultaneously warn (about the severity of a threat) and reassure (by suggesting specific courses of action) the public; the need for multilevel collaboration that integrates collective and individual actions; the capacity to present cohesive messages to the public; the risk of politicisation and commodification of the issue that might undermine global efforts to tackle the threat; and the capacity to trigger individual responses through the promotion of self-efficacy. Originality/value This paper identifies both similarities and differences between CC and CV managements to understand why the two threats are perceived and tackled in different ways. The analysis of official documents released by both the World Health Organisation and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate CV outbreak as a crisis, whereas climate change is still anchored to the status of a future-oriented risk.
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Næsset, Erik, Terje Gobakken, and Ronald E. McRoberts. "A Model-Dependent Method for Monitoring Subtle Changes in Vegetation Height in the Boreal–Alpine Ecotone Using Bi-Temporal, Three Dimensional Point Data from Airborne Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151804.
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The boreal tree line is in many places expected to advance upwards into the mountains due to climate change. This study aimed to develop a general method for estimation of vegetation height change in general, and change in tree height more specifically, for small geographical domains utilizing bi-temporal airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. The domains subject to estimation may subsequently be used to monitor vegetation and tree height change with detailed temporal and geographical resolutions. A method was developed with particular focus on statistically rigorous estimators of uncertainty for change estimates. The method employed model-dependent statistical inference. The method was demonstrated in a 12 ha study site in a boreal–alpine tree line in southeastern Norway, in which 316 trees were measured on the ground in 2006 and 2012 and ALS data were acquired in two temporally coincident campaigns. The trees ranged from 0.11 m to 5.20 m in height. Average growth in height was 0.19 m. Regression models were used to predict and estimate change. By following the area-based approach, predictions were produced for every individual 2 m2 population element that tessellated the study area. Two demonstrations of the method are provided in which separate height change estimates were calculated for domains of size 1.5 ha or greater. Differences in height change estimates among such small domains illustrate how change patterns may vary over the landscape. Model-dependent mean square error estimates for the height change estimators that accounted for (1) model parameter uncertainty, (2) residual variance, and (3) residual covariance are provided. Findings suggested that the two latter sources of uncertainty could be ignored in the uncertainty analysis. The proposed estimators are likely to work well for estimation of differences in height change along a gradient of small monitoring units, like the 1.5 ha cells used for demonstration purposes, and thus may potentially be used to monitor tree line migration over time.
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Blocq, Daniel, Bert Klandermans, and Jacquelien van Stekelenburg. "Political Embeddedness and the Management of Emotions." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.17.3.c5176254116u7881.
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This article explores how variation in political embeddedness of social movement organi-zations (SMOs) influences the management of emotions. By variation in the political embed-dedness of SMOs, we mean variation in the strength and the number of ties between SMOs and the political establishment. By management of emotions, we mean the efforts of SMO leaders to evoke particular emotions among SMO members. Using data from protest surveys conducted at demonstrations regarding climate change in Belgium and the Netherlands in 2009, we find that protestors who are members of more politically embedded SMOs are generally less angry than protestors who are members of less politically embedded SMOs. The finding that this pattern is especially strong among SMO members who heard about the dem-onstration through an SMO confirms the assumed role of SMO leaders in the management of emotions.
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Soliev, Ilkhom, Marco A. Janssen, Insa Theesfeld, Calvin Pritchard, Frauke Pirscher, and Allen Lee. "Channeling environmentalism into climate policy: an experimental study of Fridays for Future participants from Germany." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 114035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac30f7.
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Abstract This study argues that scholars and policy-makers need to understand environmental activists better to bridge the gap between growing activism and policy. Conventional wisdom is that environmental activists generally support stronger climate policies. But there is still little understanding about diversity of views within activist groups when it comes to specific policies, and existing studies indicate that their views are not uniform, which can weaken their impact as a group. Activists might unite to demand change, but not necessarily agree on details of the desired change. Exploring the differences within the group, this paper focuses on how to nudge those who already share favorable attitudes towards policies that mitigate climate change. The motivation has been to see, in presence of general support for stronger environmental policies, whether this support could be channeled into more specific policies. We first take on a methodological challenge to construct an index of environmental predisposition. Then drawing from existing social-behavioral scholarship, we analyze results of an experimental survey with select treatments previously reported as promising. In November and December 2019, we collected responses from 119 participants at the Fridays for Future demonstrations in Germany. The results indicate that there are indeed important differences within the group, and nudging effects exist even in this rather strongly predisposed group, with participants assigned to the experimental group showing higher levels of support for the introduction of a carbon tax that is traditionally seen as a difficult policy to gain widespread public support. We find that those who score neither too high nor too low are more likely to respond to nudging. Yet, the effects vary for general outcomes such as policy support, behavioral intentions, and environmental citizenship. Overall, the findings show the value of understanding the heterogeneity of individual views within environmental movements better and directing interventions in large resource systems such as climate to specific issues and target groups for accelerating transformations towards sustainability.
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Finkenstaedt-Quinn, Solaire A., Natalie V. Hudson-Smith, Matthew J. Styles, Michael K. Maudal, Adam R. Juelfs, and Christy L. Haynes. "Expanding the Educational Toolset for Chemistry Outreach: Providing a Chemical View of Climate Change through Hands-On Activities and Demonstrations Supplemented with TED-Ed Videos." Journal of Chemical Education 95, no. 6 (April 19, 2018): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00948.
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Nisiforou, Olympia, Louisa Marie Shakou, Afroditi Magou, and Alexandros G. Charalambides. "A Roadmap towards the Decarbonization of Shipping: A Participatory Approach in Cyprus." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042185.
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities are driving climate change and are currently at their highest levels in history. The international community, through the United Nations process, places great emphasis on the decarbonisation of our economies across all sectors. GHG emissions from maritime transport, even if considered the most carbon efficient method of transportation, are projected to increase if no action is taken to decarbonise, and thus pressure has extended to the maritime sector to contribute to the significant GHG emission cuts necessary. The paths by which the maritime sector can contribute to the achievement of the international target of GHG reduction by 2050 are still being determined, but numerous promising options exist. This paper aims to provide an overview of action towards decarbonisation by the international maritime sector, and to assess how Cyprus, an important flag state, can contribute to decarbonisation efforts. A participatory approach was used, through implementation of the EIT Climate-KIC’s Deep Demonstrations methodology, as part of the ‘ Zero-Net Emissions, Resilient Maritime Hubs in Cyprus’ project. The results were used to identify a portfolio of actions related to policy and regulatory development, education and re-skilling, technological development, and operation optimisation, which can support the decarbonisation of the maritime sector in Cyprus.
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van Troost, Dunya, Bert Klandermans, and Jacquelien van Stekelenburg. "Friends in High Places." Humanity & Society 42, no. 4 (October 7, 2018): 455–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597618802537.
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Scholars working from the political opportunity approach have upheld the notion that the political context sets the grievances around which activist mobilizes. Inspired by Tarrow and colleagues plea to explain political activism by analyzing how activists are mobilized, this article focuses on the individual protester. The research question in this article reads how are activist’s protest emotions shaped by characteristics of the political context, specifically by their political alliances? We focus on the emotional constellation evoked by environmental issues (e.g., climate change and nuclear energy) with Green Parties as movement allies and anti-austerity issues with Social Democratic parties as movement allies. Specifically, the parliamentary position of these allies is linked to the relative stake anger and frustration have within the emotional constellation of demonstrators. Results are based on survey data collected among 6,598 demonstrators, and their emotions dispersed over 28 demonstrations in seven European countries. We conclude that having a politically well-connected friend seems to matter more to demonstrators’ emotional constellation than the ideological support provided by that friend.
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Fedorczak-Cisak, Małgorzata, Mark Bomberg, David W. Yarbrough, Lowell E. Lingo, and Anna Romanska-Zapala. "Position Paper Introducing a Sustainable, Universal Approach to Retrofitting Residential Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060846.
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Protests during the 2021 Climate Conference in Glasgow exemplified our dilemma. The establishment perpetuates old thinking, while young people demand a new approach to mitigate the impact of climate change. The authors agree with the young people, and as a solution we propose to replace the current fragmentary approach with a new holistic one. The passive house approach that was conceptualized by the University of Illinois and built in Canada in 1977 showed us that energy consumption can be reduced about half of that used in the traditional design. Seventeen years later, a European passive house was built in Darmstadt. In 2008, a demonstration house in Syracuse, NY, showed that integrated passive measures produced energy use by about half of the NY state code for 2004. At the same time, some advanced houses in the USA showed total energy use of about 70 kWh/(m2∙y). In 2008, at the first Building Enclosure Science and Technology Conference, two equally important objectives for 2030 were proposed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: (1) a 90% reduction of energy use in new buildings and (2) 50% for the retrofitting of existing buildings, i.e., to the level achieved in the 1980s. The first objective has recently been achieved in small buildings while the large residential buildings remain on the level obtained in the 2000s. Yet, the retrofitting of existing buildings (the second objective) has been a dismal failure. This paper acknowledges progress in hydronic heating and cooling involving electric heat pumps and hybrid solar panels, building automatics used for operation of HVAC, and modification of air distribution systems that comes from experience with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Furthermore, it highlights that to accelerate energy efficiency and carbon emission reductions, there must be broad public-private educational programs with demonstrations of a new generation of retrofitting. Economically and ecologically retrofitted buildings will create a new approach to real estate investment.
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Aclaro-Naranjo, Michele, Alvyn Klein Alpuerto Mana-ay, Jin Honculada-Genove, and Ruth Ann Sumili Entea. "Nutrition Intervention as Service Learning: Silliman University’s Indigenous Food Security in Philippine High Risk Calamity Areas." SHS Web of Conferences 59 (2018): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185901020.
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Hunger is a major concern in times of disaster and it can result in malnutrition. Hence, food becomes the most important immediate need in times of disaster. As a result of climate change, the Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world. Disaster preparedness is a challenge that everyone in the Philippines must address. A collaborative effort between Silliman University Nutrition and Dietetics Department- through Service-Learning and the local government units became a means to reduce social inequalities in disastrous situations. The goal of this project was to immerse students in a community to prepare selected community members to cope with emergency nutritional needs, and to teach them food preservation techniques using available indigenous foods. The program carried out lectures on nutrition education and calamity awareness. These included seminars, workshops, cooking demonstrations and backyard gardening, food preservation for consumption during calamities was the major activity of this project. The community members were taught how to nourish themselves within 48 h during disasters using the skills they learned. This project contributed to students‟ whole person education through service-learning by developing in them the values of empathy, concern to others, volunteerism, and strong community engagement with local government units.
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Pagliacci, Francesco, Francesco Bettella, and Edi Defrancesco. "The Role of Information and Dissemination Activities in Enhancing People’s Willingness to Implement Natural Water Retention Measures." Water 14, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 3437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213437.
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Under a climate-change scenario, adaptation strategies to pluvial flood risk are crucial in urban and rural areas. Natural water retention measures are particularly helpful to manage runoff water, providing also additional co-benefits to the local population. However, the very limited knowledge of their benefits among citizens hinders their implementation, especially across southern European countries. Therefore, information and dissemination activities aimed at showing the benefits of these measures are particularly important to stimulate implementation by private citizens, although only a few studies have previously investigated their role. This paper considers some demonstrations of natural water retention measures—and the related information and dissemination activities to the local population—in northeastern Italy, explicitly including them as a driver in the Protection Motivation Theory framework. Through a direct survey of 219 households, it aims to quantitatively assess the impact on citizens’ willingness to implement natural water retention measures of the different levels of access to information provision, namely, the role played by active access through participation in the activities; passive access to available information; and no access. The results show that citizens’ willingness to implement the interventions on their properties is positively affected by their active access to information, thus highlighting the importance of high-quality information provision by public and private actors.
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Gil, Alex, Marcela Santos Brigida, and Gabriela Ribeiro Nunes. "Digital Humanities and Social Change: an Interview with Alex Gil." Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 19, no. 33 (September 17, 2020): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2020.54114.
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While it is not yet possible to gauge the long-term impacts of the shifts brought on by the experiences of 2020, it seems safe to assume this year will be remembered by the many critical events that precipitated change in the ways humans relate to each other and to our environment. The most far-reaching of those is, of course, the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the Black Lives Matter marches, popular demonstrations against totalitarian governments throughout the world, as well as deeply concerning tipping-points regarding climate change are all part of a collective conversation we feel the urge to engage with. Nearly six months into our own experience with the pandemic in Brazil, after the loss of more than one hundred thousand lives to COVID-19, we at Palimpsesto aim at publishing pieces that not only acknowledge the circumstances under which they were written, but that also engage and produce critical thinking about them. It was within this spirit, and not only considering this issue's theme – “Literature Teaching in Digital Contexts: Dialogues and Connections” – that we approached Dr. Alex Gil and asked him for an interview.Alex Gil is a well-known scholar in the field of Digital Humanities not only for his work as a Digital Scholarship Librarian at Columbia University Libraries or as a developer of ingenious projects, but also for the fact that he often directs his abilities to produce tools that help promote social change. Dr. Gil has developed and collaborated in several of such efforts, as we discuss throughout our interview. Bearing Witness, one of his most recent initiatives, has been jointly announced by him and Prof. Samuel Roberts (Columbia University) and appears as “an effort to document and interpret the events associated with the novel coronavirus epidemic in the United States as it pertains to racialized minorities”. We strongly recommend that you read more about the Mobilized Humanities interventions in the links available at the end of this piece.It has been truly delightful to discuss Alex Gil’s projects and to consider how each of us – as students, researchers, and teachers – can work in the humanities to acquire new skills to produce change. The discussion around the place of the university amid this crisis, as an institution, is also one that deeply interests us. Finally, Gil is a prominent Aimé Césaire scholar. Discussing the work produced by this writer and thinker – at a moment when Discourse on Colonialism has just been released in a new Brazilian edition – also seems to be a crucial exercise to try to make sense of our questions – in a local and in a global scale – with a critical eye. We are thankful to Dr. Alex Gil for taking the time to talk to us amid the 2020 chaos as well as for the thought-provoking insights he has brought to us, which we now proudly share with Palimpsesto's readers.
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Rao, D. Uma Maheswara, P. B. Pradeep Kumar, and K. Tejeswara Rao. "Direct seeding of rice with drum seeder is made easy rice cultivation in Visakhapatnam district of North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.2/661-665.
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Paddy is major predominant crop during Kharif in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, cultivated in an area of 1,17,608 ha, out of total cropped area of 1,92,638 ha with productivity of 2664 kg/ha. Farmers grow crop by adopting traditional method of paddy cultivation, use more seed rate, close spacing, late transplanting with over aged seedlings common phenomenon due to erratic rainfall climate change. Scarcity of labour and escalation in labor wages, reduction in labor efficiency are leading to low net returns. In this context DAATT Centre, Visakhapatnam district of ANGRAU, in collaboration with K.V.K., Kondempudi and Department of Agriculture, Visakhapatnam has introduced ‘Drum Seeder technology which is very easy and less labour involved. Drum seeder technology is boon to farmers to save money and time and crop comes to harvest 7-10 days earlier than normal transplanted paddy. DAATT Centre, Visakhapatnam has organized On-Farm Demonstrations (OFDs) in farmer fields in two seasons Kharif,2019 and Rabi,2019-20. Drum seeder technology in paddy recorded 12.49% yield over normal transplanting method of paddy cultivation during Kharif season. The results from the study showed that the farmers realized the 58.19% increase in net income due to increased grain yield by 12.49% with reduction of cost of cultivation by 9.35%, , it could be attributed to reduction in manual labour of 12 man labour and 25 women labour per ha and also increase in yield attributes and yield.
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Nurhayu, Winati, Jeane Siswitasari Mulyana, Dewi Chusniasih, Wahyuni Dian Lestari, Hellen Amelysa, and Gita Pratiwi. "Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Skala Rumah Tangga Pada Guru Sma Global Madani Bandar Lampung." JURNAL KREATIVITAS PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT (PKM) 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 1450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v5i5.5835.
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ABSTRAK Sampah skala rumah tangga yang berasal dari aktivitas harian masyarakat menjadi salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi pada perubahan iklim karena menghasilkan gas metana dan karbon dioksida sehingga menyebabkan efek rumah kaca pada lapisan atmosfer. Berdasarkan hasil survei dan diskusi, pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga pada Sekolah Global Madani berada pada tahap awal untuk dilakukan secara tepat dan berkelanjutan. Pengelolaan sampah berkelanjutan berbasis reuse, reduce, recycle (3R) dapat diterapkan pada sampah rumah tangga berupa sisa-sisa makanan, pembungkus, kulit buah, daun serta ranting. Kegiatan pengabdian di Sekolah Global Madani dilakukan secara interaktif dengan penyuluhan dan demonstrasi yang melibatkan partisipasi aktif peserta. Penyampaian informasi mengenai cara pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik, kegunaan sampah organik, daur ulang dan pengurangan jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan individu dilakukan dalam rangkaian penyuluhan. Sosialisasi tata cara bertransaksi di bank sampah serta cara pembuatan eco-enzyme juga dilakukan untuk memunculkan antusiasme dan partisipasi peserta dalam memilih serta memisahkan sampah karena akan menghasilkan keuntungan secara ekonomi. Hal ini merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mulai menanggulangi berbagai permasalahan terkait perubahan iklim. Penyuluhan berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta mengenai durasi degradasi sampah anorganik, jenis-jenis sampah yang dapat ditukar ke bank sampah, sampah yang dapat dijadikan eco-enzyme, dan langkah nyata untuk mengurangi sampah. Selanjutnya perlu diadakan workshop agar peserta dapat praktek langsung mengenai pengelolaan sampah. Kata Kunci: Bandar Lampung, Guru Sekolah Global Madani, Krisis Iklim, Pengabdian, Pengelolaan Sampah ABSTRACT Household waste originating from people's daily activities is one of the contributing factors to climate change because it produces methane and carbon dioxide, causing the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. Based on the survey and discussion by the team, household waste management in Global Madani School was at an early stage yet has the potency to be sustainable. Sustainable waste management based on reuse, reduce, and recycle (3R) can be applied to household waste in the form of food scraps, wrappers, fruit peels, leaves, and twigs. Counseling at the Global Madani School was interactive with counseling and demonstrations involving active participation from participants. Information is well provided in counseling such as how to separate organic and inorganic waste, the use of organic waste, recycling, and reducing the amount of waste produced by individuals. Socialization of transaction procedures in the waste bank and the method of producing eco-enzymes were also well demonstrated to raise the enthusiasm and participation of participants in selecting and separating waste as it would generate economic benefits. This was one of the efforts to start tackling various problems related to climate change. The counseling succeeded in increasing participants' knowledge about the duration of inorganic waste degradation, the types of waste that can be exchanged for waste banks, waste that can be used as eco-enzymes, and concrete steps to reduce waste individually. Furthermore, it is necessary to hold a workshop, thus participants have hands-on practice on waste management. Keywords: Bandar Lampung, Climate Crisis, Community Service, Global Madani School Teacher, Waste Management
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Murov, Steven. "Climate Change: A Demonstration with a Teaching Moment." Journal of Chemical Education 90, no. 11 (July 8, 2013): 1486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed400363u.
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Fournier-Level, Alexandre, Emily O. Perry, Jonathan A. Wang, Peter T. Braun, Andrew Migneault, Martha D. Cooper, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, and Johanna Schmitt. "Predicting the evolutionary dynamics of seasonal adaptation to novel climates in Arabidopsis thaliana." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 20 (May 2, 2016): E2812—E2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517456113.
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Predicting whether and how populations will adapt to rapid climate change is a critical goal for evolutionary biology. To examine the genetic basis of fitness and predict adaptive evolution in novel climates with seasonal variation, we grew a diverse panel of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana (multiparent advanced generation intercross lines) in controlled conditions simulating four climates: a present-day reference climate, an increased-temperature climate, a winter-warming only climate, and a poleward-migration climate with increased photoperiod amplitude. In each climate, four successive seasonal cohorts experienced dynamic daily temperature and photoperiod variation over a year. We measured 12 traits and developed a genomic prediction model for fitness evolution in each seasonal environment. This model was used to simulate evolutionary trajectories of the base population over 50 y in each climate, as well as 100-y scenarios of gradual climate change following adaptation to a reference climate. Patterns of plastic and evolutionary fitness response varied across seasons and climates. The increased-temperature climate promoted genetic divergence of subpopulations across seasons, whereas in the winter-warming and poleward-migration climates, seasonal genetic differentiation was reduced. In silico “resurrection experiments” showed limited evolutionary rescue compared with the plastic response of fitness to seasonal climate change. The genetic basis of adaptation and, consequently, the dynamics of evolutionary change differed qualitatively among scenarios. Populations with fewer founding genotypes and populations with genetic diversity reduced by prior selection adapted less well to novel conditions, demonstrating that adaptation to rapid climate change requires the maintenance of sufficient standing variation.
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Tumulytė, Ieva. "Pilietinės iniciatyvos aplinkosaugos komunikacijoje." Informacijos mokslai 62 (January 1, 2012): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2012.0.1585.
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Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti pilietinių iniciatyvų raišką: būdingas sritis ir priemones aplinkosaugos komunikacijoje. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą paaiškėjo, kad pilietinės iniciatyvos aplinkosaugos komunikacijoje dažniausiai pasireiškia per žiniasklaidos strategiją ir žiniasklaidos naudojimą; elektroninę veiklą;demonstracijas; vartotojų kampanijas; teisminius procesus; diskusijas, debatus; tiesioginę aplinkos apsaugos veiklą; lobizmą; mokslinius tyrimus, ataskaitas, pranešimus; grupinį veikimą arba vietos bendruomenių veiksmus. Identifikavus pilietinių iniciatyvų sritis aplinkosaugos komunikacijoje atskleista, kad pagrindinės ir daugiausia dėmesio sulaukiančios sritys – pasipriešinimas branduolinei energetikai, genetiškai modifikuotiems organizmams, aplinkos taršos ir klimato kaitos mažinimas, gamtos ir gyvūnijos išsaugojimas. Atliekų rūšiavimas ir perdirbimas, vartojimo bumas, alternatyvių energijos šaltinių panaudojimo trukdžiai – tai sritys, kurioms vis dar trūksta pilietinių iniciatyvų dėmesio.Reikšminiai žodžiai: pilietinės iniciatyvos, aplinkosaugos komunikacija, aplinkosauga, nevyriausybinės organizacijos, NVO, socialiniai judėjimai, žalieji, žaliųjų judėjimas, aplinkosauginiai judėjimai, lobizmas, visuomenės dalyvavimas.Civic Initiatives in Environmental CommunicationIeva Tumulytė SummaryThe aim of the research was to determine the expression of civic initiatives, i. e. characteristic fields and measures of environmental communication. The analysis of scientific literature has revealed that civic initiatives in environmental communication often evidence through media strategy and media usage, electronic activity, demonstrations, consumer campaigns, judicial processes, discussions, debates, direct environmental activity, lobbying; scientific research, reports, statements; group actions and actions of local communities (Nimby, grassroots organisations). By identifying the fields of civic initiatives in environmental communication, it has been revealed that the key fields that acquire the greatest attention are resistance to nuclear power, genetically modified organisms, mitigation of environmental pollution and climate change, preservation of nature and fauna. Meanwhile, waste sorting and processing, consumption boom, obstacles of alternative energy resources consumption are the fields that still lack the attention of civic initiatives. Keywords: civic initiatives, environmental communication, environmental protection, non-governmental organizations (NGO), social movements, green, green movement, environmental movements, lobbying, public participation.
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Green, Rhys E., Yvonne C. Collingham, Stephen G. Willis, Richard D. Gregory, Ken W. Smith, and Brian Huntley. "Performance of climate envelope models in retrodicting recent changes in bird population size from observed climatic change." Biology Letters 4, no. 5 (July 29, 2008): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0052.
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Twenty-five-year population trends of 42 bird species rare as breeders in the UK were examined in relation to changes in climatic suitability simulated using climatic envelope models. The effects of a series of potential ‘nuisance’ variables were also assessed. A statistically significant positive correlation was found across species between population trend and climate suitability trend. The demonstration that climate envelope models are able to retrodict species' population trends provides a valuable validation of their use in studies of the potential impacts of future climatic changes.
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Oegema, Gerbern S. "Climate Change as Apocalypse." Journal of the Council for Research on Religion 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jcreor.v2i1.38.
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The last couple of decades have revealed numerous consequences related to pollution and the impact of climate change. Natural disasters seem to have become part of our daily landscape; less than two years ago the whole continent of Australia was consumed by devastating forest fires, the Western part of the United States also experienced one of its worst wildfires in almost a century, while the ice cap in the North pole is melting and the permafrost of the Canadian and Russian tundra is disappearing. How can we deny the impacts of climate change as all of these catastrophes are unfolding before our very eyes? This conscious awareness of our planet’s rapid deterioration has generated a number of movies and fictional novels about the coming apocalypse, dystopian society and the end of the world. Demonstrating that there is a growing sentiment of worry and anxiety for the future of the planet and of humankind. In this article I propose to examine the anxieties surrounding the impact of climate change and its potential connection the apocalyptic literature.
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Maher, Michelle, and Emer Campbell. "Demonstrating environmental water needs in a climate of change." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10016.
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Efficient and accountable management of water resources in Northern Victoria has become a critical issue for the future of irrigation, communities and the environment, both north and south of the Great Dividing Range. To increase efficiencies and enhance accountability for water resource use, the Victorian Government is investing $1 billion through the Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project (NVIRP) to upgrade ageing irrigation infrastructure across the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation District. The upgrade is expected to generate an additional 225 GL of water that will be distributed equally between irrigators, the environment and Melbourne. Whilst there are significant potential benefits for the environment as a whole from the water savings initiatives, there may also be adverse impacts from altering the hydrology of the diverse array of wetlands and rivers which are directly linked to the irrigation delivery network. The NVIRP Environmental Referrals process has investigated these potential impacts and identified ten wetlands and four rivers of high environmental value that require the development of environmental watering plans. These plans are the primary means by which the NVIRP commitment to ‘no net environmental loss’ will be achieved and assets of high environmental value will be protected. Three Environmental Watering Plans (EWPs) were completed prior to the operation of NVIRP works in the 2009-2010 irrigation season. These are for Johnson Swamp, Lake Elizabeth and Lake Murphy. The paper will describe the development of the Lake Elizabeth EWPs by the North Central Catchment Management Authority (NCCMA), within the context of uncertain climatic conditions, the recent long drought and the need to demonstrate accountability and efficiency in the use of a scarce and finite resource.
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Watson, Maxwell. "CO2CRC’s carbon capture and geological storage demonstration in Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14016.
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The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis) states that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal’, and that ‘it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century’. The IPCC report follows a common trend attributing increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions as the cause of this climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels for energy, is the most common greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Reduction of greenhouse gas emission, particularly CO2 to the atmosphere, is therefore a key environmental issue facing Australia and the world.
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Davis, Corey, Heather Aldridge, Ryan Boyles, Karen S. McNeal, Lindsay Maudlin, and Rachel Atkins. "Visually Communicating Future Climate in a Web Environment." Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0152.1.
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AbstractWhile there is growing demand for use of climate model projections to understand the potential impacts of future climate on resources, there is a lack of effective visuals that convey the range of possible climates across spatial scales and with uncertainties that potential users need to inform their impact assessments and studies. We use usability testing including eye tracking to explore how a group of resource professionals (foresters) interpret and understand a series of graphical representations of future climate change, housed within a web-based decision support system (DSS), that address limitations identified in other tools. We find that a three-map layout effectively communicates the spread of future climate projections spatially, that location-specific information is effectively communicated if depicted both spatially on a map and temporally on a time series plot, and that model error metrics may be useful for communicating uncertainty and in demonstrating the utility of these future climate datasets.
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Jones, Tyler R., Kurt M. Cuffey, William H. G. Roberts, Bradley R. Markle, Eric J. Steig, C. Max Stevens, Paul J. Valdes, et al. "Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene." Nature 613, no. 7943 (January 11, 2023): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05411-8.
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AbstractThe recovery of long-term climate proxy records with seasonal resolution is rare because of natural smoothing processes, discontinuities and limitations in measurement resolution. Yet insolation forcing, a primary driver of multimillennial-scale climate change, acts through seasonal variations with direct impacts on seasonal climate1. Whether the sensitivity of seasonal climate to insolation matches theoretical predictions has not been assessed over long timescales. Here, we analyse a continuous record of water-isotope ratios from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core to reveal summer and winter temperature changes through the last 11,000 years. Summer temperatures in West Antarctica increased through the early-to-mid-Holocene, reached a peak 4,100 years ago and then decreased to the present. Climate model simulations show that these variations primarily reflect changes in maximum summer insolation, confirming the general connection between seasonal insolation and warming and demonstrating the importance of insolation intensity rather than seasonally integrated insolation or season duration2,3. Winter temperatures varied less overall, consistent with predictions from insolation forcing, but also fluctuated in the early Holocene, probably owing to changes in meridional heat transport. The magnitudes of summer and winter temperature changes constrain the lowering of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet surface since the early Holocene to less than 162 m and probably less than 58 m, consistent with geological constraints elsewhere in West Antarctica4–7.
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Corrick, Ellen C., Russell N. Drysdale, John C. Hellstrom, Emilie Capron, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Xu Zhang, Dominik Fleitmann, Isabelle Couchoud, and Eric Wolff. "Synchronous timing of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period." Science 369, no. 6506 (August 20, 2020): 963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5538.
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Abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period have been detected in a global array of palaeoclimate records, but our understanding of their absolute timing and regional synchrony is incomplete. Our compilation of 63 published, independently dated speleothem records shows that abrupt warmings in Greenland were associated with synchronous climate changes across the Asian Monsoon, South American Monsoon, and European-Mediterranean regions that occurred within decades. Together with the demonstration of bipolar synchrony in atmospheric response, this provides independent evidence of synchronous high-latitude–to-tropical coupling of climate changes during these abrupt warmings. Our results provide a globally coherent framework with which to validate model simulations of abrupt climate change and to constrain ice-core chronologies.
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Garbary, David J. "Demonstrating climate change in Prince Edward Island – A procedure using climate normals and weather data suitable for classroom use." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 49, no. 2 (March 10, 2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v49i2.8165.
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A simple method to assess climate warming is described, which is suitable for post-secondary classes in environmental sciences. This method is based on climate normals and subsequent weather data, and is demonstrated using Government of Canada archived climate/weather data from sites in Prince Edward Island including Charlottetown Airport, Alliston and New Glasgow. The method uses a simple statistical analysis based on one or two sample Student’s t-tests as well as scatter plots and linear regression to highlight the direction and magnitude of changes. Statistically significant increases of annual average temperature of 0.7°C to 1.3°C were calculated for the period after the end of the 1961-1990 climate normals for Alliston and Charlottetown, and a 0.9°C change was demonstrated for New Glasgow after the 1971-2000 climate normals. These values suggest a recent rate of change three times greater than a previous estimate of up to 0.9°C per century for the Gulf of St. Lawrence region, with a major temperature increase occurring in the late 1990s. Changes were most pronounced during September and December, and two sites showed a significant increase in continuous frost-free days during the growing season, as well as a decline in the number of days with frost during spring and fall. Keywords: Climate change, climate normals, Prince Edward Island, weather
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Yang, Haijiang, Xiaohua Gou, and Dingcai Yin. "Response of Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Services to Climate Change in China: A Review." Ecologies 2, no. 4 (September 22, 2021): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecologies2040018.
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Climate change is having a significant impact on the global ecosystem and is likely to become increasingly important as this phenomenon intensifies. Numerous studies in climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services in China have been published in recent decades. However, a comprehensive review of the topic is needed to provide an improved understanding of the history and driving mechanisms of environmental changes within the region. Here we review the evidence for changes in climate and the peer-reviewed literature that assesses climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem, and ecosystem services at a China scale. Our main conclusions are as follows. (1) Most of the evidence shows that climate change (the increasing extreme events) is affecting the change of productivity, species interactions, and biological invasions, especially in the agro-pastoral transition zone and fragile ecological area in Northern China. (2) The individuals and populations respond to climate change through changes in behavior, functions, and geographic scope. (3) The impact of climate change on most types of services (provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural) in China is mainly negative and brings threats and challenges to human well-being and natural resource management, therefore, requiring costly societal adjustments. In general, although great progress has been made, the management strategies still need to be further improved. Integrating climate change into ecosystem services assessment and natural resource management is still a major challenge. Moving forward, it is necessary to evaluate and research the effectiveness of typical demonstration cases, which will contribute to better scientific management of natural resources in China and the world.
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Reed, K. A., A. M. Stansfield, M. F. Wehner, and C. M. Zarzycki. "Forecasted attribution of the human influence on Hurricane Florence." Science Advances 6, no. 1 (January 2020): eaaw9253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw9253.
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Changes in extreme weather, such as tropical cyclones, are one of the most serious ways society experiences the impact of climate change. Advance forecasted conditional attribution statements, using a numerical model, were made about the anthropogenic climate change influence on an individual tropical cyclone, Hurricane Florence. Mean total overland rainfall amounts associated with the forecasted storm’s core were increased by 4.9 ± 4.6% with local maximum amounts experiencing increases of 3.8 ± 5.7% due to climate change. A slight increase in the forecasted storm size of 1 to 2% was also attributed. This work reviews our forecasted attribution statement with the benefit of hindsight, demonstrating credibility of advance attribution statements for tropical cyclones.
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Hollý, Ján, and Adela Palková. "Climate change impact – residential unit." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927903007.
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The issue of climate change is undeniably demonstrating its presence. Consequently, there is a rising need to be prepared for upcoming threats by any means possible. One of the precautions includes obtaining the information characterizing the expected impact of global warming. This will allow authorities and other stakeholders to act accordingly in time. The article presents the assessment of the extent of impact of energy-related construction solutions in dwelling type unit situated in Central Europe region under the 21st century climate conditions. The findings represent eventual demands of energy for cooling and heating and its prospective savings. This is conducted by consecutively and automatically changing the parameters in individual simulation runs. As a basis for simulations, regionally scaled weather data of three different climate areas are used. These data are based on the emission scenarios by IPCC and are reaching to the year 2100. The selection of assessed parameters and climate data application are briefly explained in the article. The results of simulations are evaluated and recommended solutions are stated in regard to the specific energy-related construction changes. The aim is to successfully mitigate and adapt to the climate change phenomenon.
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Fendel, Veronika, Martin Kranert, Claudia Maurer, Gabriela Garcés-Sánchez, Jingjing Huang, and Girija Ramakrishna. "The Impact of Using Co-Compost on Resource Management and Resilience of Smallholder Agriculture in South India." Environments 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9110143.
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Agriculture is the main source of income in India, with most farmers being smallholders and facing multiple challenges, such as climate change and land degradation. For the sustainable implementation of alternative circular approaches, it is important that agriculture benefits. To assess this, the impact of using co-compost (organic waste and black water consisting of feces and urine) was evaluated through surveys of 120 smallholder farmers in two case studies in South India. All 149 questions related to the overarching research question: what is the impact of using co-compost on closing loops in smallholder agriculture in terms of resource management and resilience. Secondary smallholder resources were found to be well managed and local networks and economies proved to be particularly effective in pandemics, reinforcing the potential for nutrient sources from urban areas. For most farmers, using co-compost improved yields (90%), soil (80%), plant health (93%) and, consequently, profits (67%), as well as water management (53%). Water management was significantly less of a problem for co-compost users (15%) than non-users (42%). In addition, the users of co-compost were able to save resources. Chemical fertilizer use was significantly reduced from 1.42 ± 2.1 to 0.9 ± 1.35 t (acre∙year)−1, with total savings ranging from 37 to 44%. Overall, 67% were able to reduce chemical fertilizer use and 25% were able to reduce chemical spray use. Additionally, 53% reduced water consumption by 30.3% ± 19.92%. The visible benefits could motivate others to try co-composting. The reservations of non-users were due to personal or societal aspects (25%). In addition, the desire of farmers to convert to organic farming and try alternative farming methods, such as using smart technologies, vermicomposting or co-compost, was high (43%) and was positively influenced by the profitable use of alternative circular concepts. Information dissemination was mainly promoted by advertising (60%) and demonstrations (27%), which influenced openness to alternative circular concepts and products. In conclusion, co-composting and co-recycling approaches have a positive impact on the resource management and resilience of smallholder agriculture and thus, contribute to achieving sustainability goals.
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Bitter, M. C., J. M. Wong, H. G. Dam, S. C. Donelan, C. D. Kenkel, L. M. Komoroske, K. J. Nickols, et al. "Fluctuating selection and global change: a synthesis and review on disentangling the roles of climate amplitude, predictability and novelty." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1957 (August 25, 2021): 20210727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0727.
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A formidable challenge for global change biologists is to predict how natural populations will respond to the emergence of conditions not observed at present, termed novel climates. Popular approaches to predict population vulnerability are based on the expected degree of novelty relative to the amplitude of historical climate fluctuations experienced by a population. Here, we argue that predictions focused on amplitude may be inaccurate because they ignore the predictability of environmental fluctuations in driving patterns of evolution and responses to climate change. To address this disconnect, we review major findings of evolutionary theory demonstrating the conditions under which phenotypic plasticity is likely to evolve in natural populations, and how plasticity decreases population vulnerability to novel environments. We outline key criteria that experimental studies should aim for to effectively test theoretical predictions, while controlling for the degree of climate novelty. We show that such targeted tests of evolutionary theory are rare, with marine systems being overall underrepresented in this venture despite exhibiting unique opportunities to test theory. We conclude that with more robust experimental designs that manipulate both the amplitude and predictability of fluctuations, while controlling for the degree of novelty, we may better predict population vulnerability to climate change.
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Smith, William L., Elisabeth Weisz, Robert Knuteson, Henry Revercomb, and Daniel Feldman. "Retrieving Decadal Climate Change from Satellite Radiance Observations—A 100-year CO2 Doubling OSSE Demonstration." Sensors 20, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051247.
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Preparing for climate change depends on the observation and prediction of decadal trends of the environmental variables, which have a direct impact on the sustainability of resources affecting the quality of life on our planet. The NASA Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission is proposed to provide climate quality benchmark spectral radiance observations for the purpose of determining the decadal trends of climate variables, and validating and improving the long-range climate model forecasts needed to prepare for the changing climate of the Earth. The CLARREO will serve as an in-orbit, absolute, radiometric standard for the cross-calibration of hyperspectral radiance spectra observed by the international system of polar operational satellite sounding sensors. Here, we demonstrate that the resulting accurately cross-calibrated polar satellite global infrared spectral radiance trends (e.g., from the Metop IASI instrument considered here) can be interpreted in terms of temperature and water vapor profile trends. This demonstration is performed using atmospheric state data generated for a 100-year period from 2000–2099, produced by a numerical climate model prediction that was forced by the doubling of the global average atmospheric CO2 over the 100-year period. The vertical profiles and spatial distribution of temperature decadal trends were successfully diagnosed by applying a linear regression profile retrieval algorithm to the simulated hyperspectral radiance spectra for the 100-year period. These results indicate that it is possible to detect decadal trends in atmospheric climate variables from high accuracy all-sky satellite infrared radiance spectra using the linear regression retrieval technique.
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Hygen, H. O., C. F. Øyen, and A. J. Almås. "Assessment of climate vulnerability in the Norwegian built environment." Advances in Science and Research 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2011): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-6-151-2011.
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Abstract. The main trends expected for the change of Norwegian climate for this century are increasing temperatures, precipitation and wind. This indicates a probable increase of climate-related risks to the Norwegian built environment. Through co-operation between the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, building and climate information have been combined to estimate changes in strain to the built environment due to climate change. The results show that the risk of wood decay will increase for the whole country. Almost two million buildings will be subject to an increase in risk of wood decay from medium to high level. Similar analyses have been performed for other climate indices, demonstrating a clear increase in potential damages due to water and humidity, while frost damage probably will decrease.
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Susan Lozier, M., Sheldon Bacon, Amy S. Bower, Stuart A. Cunningham, M. Femke de Jong, Laura de Steur, Brad deYoung, et al. "Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program: A New International Ocean Observing System." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 737–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0057.1.
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Abstract For decades oceanographers have understood the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to be primarily driven by changes in the production of deep-water formation in the subpolar and subarctic North Atlantic. Indeed, current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of an AMOC slowdown in the twenty-first century based on climate models are attributed to the inhibition of deep convection in the North Atlantic. However, observational evidence for this linkage has been elusive: there has been no clear demonstration of AMOC variability in response to changes in deep-water formation. The motivation for understanding this linkage is compelling, since the overturning circulation has been shown to sequester heat and anthropogenic carbon in the deep ocean. Furthermore, AMOC variability is expected to impact this sequestration as well as have consequences for regional and global climates through its effect on the poleward transport of warm water. Motivated by the need for a mechanistic understanding of the AMOC, an international community has assembled an observing system, Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), to provide a continuous record of the transbasin fluxes of heat, mass, and freshwater, and to link that record to convective activity and water mass transformation at high latitudes. OSNAP, in conjunction with the Rapid Climate Change–Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID–MOCHA) at 26°N and other observational elements, will provide a comprehensive measure of the three-dimensional AMOC and an understanding of what drives its variability. The OSNAP observing system was fully deployed in the summer of 2014, and the first OSNAP data products are expected in the fall of 2017.