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Journal articles on the topic 'Climate Change Convention'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. "Biodiversity and Climate Change." International Community Law Review 23, no. 2-3 (June 29, 2021): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341473.

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Abstract This article analyses the question of a relationship between biodiversity and climate change. The legal framework for the protection of biodiversity from climate change is contained in the climate change system of treaties, i.e. the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; the 1997 Kyoto Protocol; the 2015 Paris Agreement, on one hand; and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity on the other. There are also important global Conventions which contribute to combating of impacts of climate change on biodiversity, such as the Desertification Convention and the Ramsar Convention. The article discusses the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities within the context of climate change and biodiversity. The case study is the Arctic, which illustrates the impact of climate change on biodiversity.

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2

Sarvašová, Z., and A. Kaliszewski. "The policy process on climate change." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 3 (January 10, 2012): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4549-jfs.

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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change accepted in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro provides principles and framework for cooperative international action on mitigating climate change. But it soon became clear that more radical targets were needed to encourage particular countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In response, countries that have ratified the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change accepted the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The rulebook for how the Kyoto Protocol will be implemented – the Marrakech Accord, was agreed in 2001. This paper describes political instruments and facilities of mitigating climate change by forestry proposed in those political documents.

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3

Neil Adger, W. "Compliance with the Climate Change Convention." Atmospheric Environment 29, no. 16 (August 1995): 1905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)91243-l.

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4

Eicke, Tim. "Climate Change and the Convention: Beyond Admissibility." European Convention on Human Rights Law Review 3, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10033.

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5

Rowbotham, Elizabeth J. "The climate change convention and human health." Medicine and War 11, no. 4 (October 1995): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07488009508409241.

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6

Warren, Andrew. "The EC and the climate change convention." European Environment 3, no. 5 (July 6, 2007): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.3320030504.

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7

Bator, Agata, and Agnieszka Borek. "Adaptation to Climate Change under Climate Change Treaties." International Community Law Review 23, no. 2-3 (June 29, 2021): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341467.

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Abstract On the ground that climate change poses a great threat to societies and economies, it became evident for policy makers that attention should be given to the problem of adaptation, i.e. adaptation measures should be undertaken to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. As the debate on the adverse impacts of climate change advanced at international level, states are taking actions at national, regional and local levels. Along with the increase awareness regarding importance of adaptation, regulations designed to prepare states to strengthen their resilience to climate change, has been developed in climate change treaties. Paris Agreement seems to be the first global agreement which addresses adaptation as one of its key goals and links it with mitigation efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the most important regulations and programmes within the regime established by the Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement concerning adaptation to climate change.

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8

Victor, David G. "What the Framework Convention on Climate Change Teaches Us About Cooperation on Climate Change." Politics and Governance 4, no. 3 (September 8, 2016): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i3.657.

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Arild Underdal has been at the center of an important community of scholars studying global environmental governance. Since the 1990s that community, along with many other scholars globally, has offered important insights into the design and management of international institutions that can lead to more effective management of environmental problems. At the same time, diplomats have made multiple attempts to create institutions to manage the dangers of climate change. This essay looks at what has been learned by both communities—scholars and practitioners—as their efforts co-evolved. It appears that despite a wealth of possible insights into making cooperation effective very few of the lessons offered by scholars had much impact during the first two decades of climate change diplomacy. Indeed, basic concepts from cooperation theory and evidence from case studies—many developed in Arild’s orbit—can explain why those two decades achieved very little real cooperation. The new Paris agreement may be changing all that and much better reflects insights from scholars about how to build effective international institutions. Success in the Paris process is far from assured and scholars can contribute a lot more with a more strategic view of when and how they have an impact.

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9

Sands, Philippe. "The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 1, no. 3 (September 1992): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1992.tb00046.x.

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10

Zielinski, Sarah. "Convention sets next steps on climate change efforts." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 86, no. 51 (2005): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005eo510003.

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11

John Houghton, Sir. "The climate convention and the latest scientific understanding of climate change." Renewable Energy 5, no. 1-4 (August 1994): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90348-4.

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12

Kondratyev, K. Ya. "On an International Framework Convention on Climate Change: Global climate change in the context of global change." Il Nuovo Cimento C 15, no. 1 (January 1992): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02507774.

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13

Goldemberg, José, and Patricia Maria Guardabassi. "Climate Change and "historical responsibilities"." Ambiente & Sociedade 15, no. 1 (April 2012): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-753x2012000100013.

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The historical responsibility of countries listed in the Annex I of the Convention on Climate Change has been used extensively as a justification for the lack of action of countries not included in Annex I to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. We analyzed the contribution of non-Annex I countries to the CO2 emissions in the period 1850 - 2006 to assess their relative contribution to total CO2 emissions. In the period 1980 - 2006 non-Annex I countries represented 44% of the total but this contribution increased in the period 1990 - 2006 to 48%. If we extrapolate present trends to 2020 they will represent 56% in the period 1990 - 2020. The "historical responsibility" of Annex I countries is therefore decreasing. If we take 1990 as the starting year in which the Climate Convention recognized clearly that greenhouse gases are interfering dangerously with the climate system, it becomes very difficult to attribute "blame" and "guilt" to Annex I for their historical contributions. It becomes also quite clear the need of non-Annex I countries to engage with Annex I countries in the effort to reduce emissions. The Copenhagen Accord has no mention of "historical responsibilities".

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14

Gibb, Christine, and James Ford. "Should the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change recognize climate migrants?" Environmental Research Letters 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2012): 045601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045601.

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15

Terrill, Greg. "Climate Change: How Should the World Heritage Convention Respond?" International Journal of Heritage Studies 14, no. 5 (September 2008): 388–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527250802284388.

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16

Boyle, Alan. "Law of the Sea Perspectives on Climate Change." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27, no. 4 (2012): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341244.

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Abstract The Law of the Sea Convention was negotiated at a time when climate change was not yet part of the international environmental agenda. Nevertheless, it is not a static or immutable legal regime and it is not difficult to apply Part XII to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change insofar as they affect the marine environment. However, it is doubtful whether viewing climate change from the perspective of the law of the marine environment greatly alters the overall picture. At best it provides a vehicle for compulsory dispute settlement notably lacking in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime. Realistically, while the 1982 Convention may import any newly agreed standards for the control of GHGs, it is not a substitute for further agreement within the UNFCCC framework.

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17

Osóbka, Przemysław. "Climate Change and the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 28 July 1951." Polish Review of International and European Law 10, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2021.10.1.04.

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The article deals with The United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28.7.1951 in the context of climate change consequences. Refuge is strictly defined category in the acts of international law. It does not include environmental and climatic reasons to leave one’s country of origin. However, in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) drew attention to the fact that human migration could be one of the greatest effects of climate change. The author also analyzes the meaning of the provisions of Article 3 and Article 8 ECHR in the discussed area. The article tries to give an answer to the question whether and why it is necessary to apply the Geneva Convention to climate change refugees if they can be protected under core human rights treaties. It is of greatest interest to the extent where if refers to the climate change refugees situation in New Zeeland and Australia. These states seem to be pioneers in giving refugees protection due to climate change consequences. Probably adaptation of the 1951 Convention to the challenges facing the international community in connection with climate change will in itself become an expression of its responsibility for the consequences of these changes and their impact on individuals and entire communities.

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18

Adeola, Romola, and Frans Viljoen. "Climate Change, Development Projects and Internal Displacement In Africa." Journal of African Law 62, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855318000219.

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AbstractGiven the need for legislation to protect internally displaced persons, African Heads of State and Government adopted the Convention on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa in Kampala in October 2009. The convention, which entered into force on 6 December 2012, is an important binding instrument on internal displacement. Article 10 of the convention requires states to prevent displacement caused by development projects, including climate-based development projects. This article examines the content of this obligation within the context of climate-based development projects.

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19

Beck, Dr Tony. "INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE: POLICY AND ACTION." APPEA Journal 34, no. 2 (1994): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93088.

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The Framework Convention on Climate Change, first negotiated at the Rio 'Earth Summit', has recently been ratified by the required 50 countries. Now that the Convention has come into force the pace of implementation will quicken with important implications for Australia and world trade. Developed countries, including Australia, are likely to be under significant pressure to strengthen the emission control commitments they made at Rio.For a country like Australia with growing energy demand and a dependence on fossil fuels, the potential costs of meeting stringent greenhouse emission constraints are high, both in terms of domestic economic costs and lost export markets. We need to be vigilant with respect to policy developments in other countries and need to ensure that domestic greenhouse policies are appropriate to our circumstances.The recent International Negotiating Committee (INC9) meeting in Geneva gives an indication of the direction of international policy developments and a forewarning of the potential dangers for Australia. This paper reviews the outcomes of INC9 and considers the implications of these developments for Australia.

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20

Chan, Gabriel, Robert Stavins, and Zou Ji. "International Climate Change Policy." Annual Review of Resource Economics 10, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 335–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100517-023321.

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International cooperation to address the threat of climate change has become more institutionally diverse over the past decade, reflecting multiple scales of governance and the growing inclusion of climate change issues in other policy arenas. Cooperation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has continued to evolve from the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 2015 Paris Agreement, while other governmental and private sector international fora for cooperation have arisen. As the level of activity in international cooperation on climate change mitigation has increased, so too has the related scholarly literature. In this review, we synthesize the literature on international climate change cooperation and identify key policy implications, as well as those findings most relevant for the research community. Our scope includes critical evaluation of the organization and implementation of agreements and instruments, retrospective analysis of cooperative efforts, and explanations of successes and failures.

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21

Redgwell, Catherine. "Treaty Evolution, Adaptation and Change: Is the LOSC ‘Enough’ to Address Climate Change Impacts on the Marine Environment?" International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 34, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 440–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13431096.

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AbstractClimate change poses serious threats to the marine environment but there is no explicit mention of climate change, ocean warming and acidification in LOSC. This comes as little surprise, given its conclusion in the early 1980s when appreciation for the potential severity of climate change was emerging. As a ‘living instrument’, the Convention has the flexibility and legal tools to address emerging climate change impacts. This article assesses its capacity to do so, as well as the extent to which the oceans have featured in the climate regime. LOSC is not ‘enough’ – but then, it has never been a ‘one stop shop’ for marine environmental protection, whether from conventional sources of marine pollution or from relatively newly appreciated threats such as the impacts of climate change. Indeed, a multifaceted approach is typical of legal responses to the ‘super wicked’ problem of climate change, and the oceans are no exception.

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22

Paterson, Matthew. "Negotiating climate change: the inside story of the Rio Convention." International Affairs 71, no. 3 (July 1995): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624884.

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23

BONG, Geun Sung. "Adaptation as a Climate Change Convention and Legal Policy Challenge." European Constitutional Law Association 31 (December 31, 2019): 589–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2019.31.589.

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24

BILKIS, Mindaugas. "THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND LITHUANIA." Acta Zoologica Lituanica 6, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13921657.1997.10541391.

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25

Paterson, Matthew. "The convention on climate change agreed at the rio conference." Environmental Politics 1, no. 4 (December 1992): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644019208414055.

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26

Nitze, W. A. "A Proposed Structure for an International Convention on Climate Change." Science 249, no. 4969 (August 10, 1990): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4969.607.

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27

Bigg, Grant. "After Rio: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change." Weather 48, no. 11 (November 1993): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1993.tb05820.x.

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28

Pathak, Himanshu. "Agriculture and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change." Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 3, no. 5 (October 2013): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ghg.1374.

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29

Eddebbar, Yassir A., Natalya D. Gallo, and Lauren B. Linsmayer. "The Oceans and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change." Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 24, no. 3 (July 14, 2015): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lob.10059.

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30

Brown, Katrina, and Neil Adger. "Estimating national greenhouse gas emissions under the climate change convention." Global Environmental Change 3, no. 2 (June 1993): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-3780(93)90003-4.

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31

Żylicz, Tomasz. "Economics of climate change." Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0004.

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Abstract The paper looks at the ineffectiveness of climate protection undertaken by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite the emission reduction measures commenced by some countries, the global emission of carbon dioxide has increased more than 40% since the adoption of the UNFCCC. The most important reason of the catastrophe is the so-called Berlin Mandate (1995), which exempts most of the countries in the world – including China that became the largest emitter in 2006 – from taking any binding commitments to reduce emissions. The Paris Agreement (2015) has been the first attempt to overcome the failure. There are a number of economic reasons why the protection process has not been successful so far. ‘Carbon leakage’ caused by the fact that most countries do not have binding commitments implies that emission from economies that impose restrictions moves to where it is not constrained. This calls for a global agreement on emission reduction. Such a global agreement requires recognition of the fact that climate protection is a public good. It is surprising that those UNFCCC signatories, who are likely to be hit by the lack of protection most acutely, hesitate to adopt effective provisions.

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32

Madruga, Ramón Pichs. "Linking climate and biodiversity." Science 374, no. 6567 (October 29, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm8739.

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Climate change and loss of biological diversity are global challenges, linked to each other and to other socioeconomic and environmental challenges. These interlinkages have been discussed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), valuable references for multilateral negotiations in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), whose Conference of the Parties (COP) convenes in November, and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), whose COP convened in October. In the past year, in recognition of common challenges and opportunities, the IPCC and IPBES formally collaborated for the first time. Decision-making processes around these complex issues will be more effective if they integrate responses to climate change, biodiversity loss, and human development gaps at various spatial scales: global, regional, national, and local.

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33

Sokolova, N. A. "Climate Change: International Legal Regulation Development." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 12 (January 2, 2022): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.133.12.177-184.

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The paper is devoted to the development of international legal regulation in the field of combating climate change. Over the years, states, in the face of scientific uncertainty, have been trying to find ways to keep global warming at 1.5 °C by establishing international commitments of various configurations.When cooperating in the fight against climate change, additional substantive discussions arise, related, for example, to the implementation of international trade measures or the provision of human rights. However, the main direction remains the one covered by the context of sustainable development, ESG principles for business, government and society, strategies for energy policies of states, cooperation in adaptation and assistance to developing countries.Approaches to the international legal regulation of cooperation in the field of combating climate change began to form when the international community started to pay much attention to the international legal protection of atmospheric air and the protection of the ozone layer. As early as the preamble to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the emphasis was placed on the potential climate impact of ozone-depleting substance emissions.The international legal regime established by the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, in fact, outlined guidelines for finding optimal forms of cooperation, taking into account changes not only in the state of the environment, but also in the economic agenda. The Conference of the Parties has been identified as the key institutional platform for cooperation. Currently in conjunction with the 1992 Framework Convention and the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement the Conference of the Parties provides the conditions for their implementation.

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34

Gupta, Joyeeta. "Legal Steps Outside the Climate Convention: Litigation as a Tool to Address Climate Change." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 16, no. 1 (April 2007): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2007.00541.x.

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35

Swart, Robert J., and Pier Vellinga. "The ?ultimate objective? of the framework convention on climate change requires a new approach in climate change research." Climatic Change 26, no. 4 (April 1994): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01094401.

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36

HSIAO, I.-Chun, and Jerry I.-H. HSIAO. "Taiwan's Quest for Participation in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change." East Asian Policy 04, no. 02 (April 2012): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930512000189.

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This article argues that it will be challenging for Taiwan to participate meaningfully in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through the World Health Assembly model due to obstructions from Mainland China, the convention by which the UNFCCC categorises its participants, and the lack of clarity concerning the rights and responsibilities of observers. Two policy recommendations are provided to Taiwan to deepen its engagement with the international climate regime.

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37

Condon, Bradly J. "Climate Change and Intellectual Property Rights for New Plant Varieties." Journal of World Trade 47, Issue 4 (August 1, 2013): 897–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2013029.

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Debates between developing and developed countries over access to technology to mitigate or adapt to climate change tend to overlook the importance of plant varieties. Climate change will increase the importance of the development of new plant varieties that can adapt to changing climactic conditions. This article compares Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) for plant varieties in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Agreement, the UPOV Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It concludes that TRIPS Article 27.3(b) provides an appropriate degree of flexibility regarding the policy options available to confront climate change.

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38

Horowitz, Cara A. "Paris Agreement." International Legal Materials 55, no. 4 (August 2016): 740–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900004253.

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The Paris Agreement sets forth a new international legal regime aimed at strengthening the global response to climate change. It was adopted in December 2015 at the annual gathering of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Paris Agreement sits within and implements the Convention.

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39

Arneth, Almut, Yunne-Jai Shin, Paul Leadley, Carlo Rondinini, Elena Bukvareva, Melanie Kolb, Guy F. Midgley, Thierry Oberdorff, Ignacio Palomo, and Osamu Saito. "Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (December 7, 2020): 30882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009584117.

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Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have highlighted the risks to humanity arising from the unsustainable use of natural resources. Thus far, land, freshwater, and ocean exploitation have been the chief causes of biodiversity loss. Climate change is projected to be a rapidly increasing additional driver for biodiversity loss. Since climate change and biodiversity loss impact human societies everywhere, bold solutions are required that integrate environmental and societal objectives. As yet, most existing international biodiversity targets have overlooked climate change impacts. At the same time, climate change mitigation measures themselves may harm biodiversity directly. The Convention on Biological Diversity’s post-2020 framework offers the important opportunity to address the interactions between climate change and biodiversity and revise biodiversity targets accordingly by better aligning these with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. We identify the considerable number of existing and proposed post-2020 biodiversity targets that risk being severely compromised due to climate change, even if other barriers to their achievement were removed. Our analysis suggests that the next set of biodiversity targets explicitly addresses climate change-related risks since many aspirational goals will not be feasible under even lower-end projections of future warming. Adopting more flexible and dynamic approaches to conservation, rather than static goals, would allow us to respond flexibly to changes in habitats, genetic resources, species composition, and ecosystem functioning and leverage biodiversity’s capacity to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation.

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40

NAJAM, ADIL, and THOMAS P. PAGE. "The Climate Convention: deciphering the Kyoto commitments." Environmental Conservation 25, no. 3 (June 1998): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689299800023x.

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The third meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP-3) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) concluded with the signing of the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC 1997). After much political wrangling and an extended all night negotiation session, delegates agreed to a Protocol that mandates specific emissions limits for industrialized countries and economies in transition (collectively listed as Annex I countries). The Protocol mandates that the average anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emission of each Annex I country should be no more than its agreed allowance in the ‘first quantified emission limitation commitment period’ which is defined as the five years between the beginning of 2008 and the end of 2012 (UNFCCC 1997, Article 3.7). The base-period for most countries in Annex I is 1990. The exceptions, which were granted during COP-2 (UNFCCC 1996, decision 9/CP.2), are Bulgaria (1989), Hungary (1985-87), Poland (1988) and Romania (1989).

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41

Durieux, Jean-François. "‘Climate Change, Disasters, and the Refugee Convention’, written by Matthew Scott." Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00301_039.

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42

Jun, Wu, Zhang Chengyi, and Xu Haigen. "Climate change issue in Convention on Biological Diversity: negotiations and focuses." Biodiversity Science 19, no. 4 (November 11, 2011): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2011.04040.

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43

Enting, I. G. "Analysing the conflicting requirements of the Framework Convention on Climate Change." Climatic Change 31, no. 1 (September 1995): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01092978.

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44

French, D. "Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change." Journal of Environmental Law 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/10.1.215.

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45

Reay, David S. "New Directions: Flying in the face of the climate change convention." Atmospheric Environment 38, no. 5 (February 2004): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.026.

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46

Min, Wang, Liu Zhe, Feng Xiangzhao, and Tian Chunxiu. "Cross-boundary issues under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Convention on Biodiversity." Biodiversity Science 22, no. 4 (2014): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2014.14082.

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47

Mata Dona, José Rafael. "Stockholm Convention on the Use of Blockchain to Boost Climate Action." Journal of International Arbitration 36, Issue 1 (February 1, 2019): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2019007.

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This article examines an innovative junction between international investment law and climate change law with the potential to increase foreign investment in climate change mitigation and adaptation. In particular, it explores the use of Blockchain (1) as a climate change investment vehicle, (2) in the collection of evidence of emission reduction compliance and (3) in the implementation of a Carbon Tax. Finally, it analyses the possibility to incorporate those three Blockchain applications to the network of already existing International Investment Agreements (IIAs) and describes a new role arbitration can play in the resolution of new type of claims.

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48

Dutschke, Michael. "CDM Forestry and the Ultimate Objective of the Climate Convention." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12, no. 2 (October 27, 2006): 275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-005-9013-6.

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49

Pittock, Jamie. "A pale reflection of political reality: Integration of global climate, wetland, and biodiversity agreements." Climate Law 1, no. 3 (2010): 343–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/cl-2010-017.

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Avoiding dangerous climate change, conserving biodiversity, and sustaining water resources are three of the greatest environmental challenges facing humanity: their expression and management are inextricably linked. National governments have adopted multilateral environmental agreements to respond to these issues by providing mandates for action, setting higher environmental standards, mobilizing resources, and sharing knowledge. This article examines whether three relevant, global conventions—the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands—are being implemented as effectively and efficiently as possible by managing conflicts and enhancing positive synergies among them through integrative mechanisms. Systematic analysis of the conventions identifies many conflicts between measures adopted under the UNFCCC and the two biodiversity-related conventions, as well as unrealized positive synergies. Detailed assessment of integrative mechanisms reveals isolated examples of good practice. More commonly, integrative measures were not being used, particularly by the UNFCCC. After more than a decade of attempts to expand interconvention collaboration and harmonization, I conclude that voluntary efforts need to be replaced by financial incentives or governance reforms if perverse impacts are to be avoided and these agreements are to be better implemented.

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Carruthers, Ian. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE PETROLEUM PRODUCTION INDUSTRY—NEW CHALLENGES AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES." APPEA Journal 34, no. 2 (1994): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93089.

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Abstract:

This paper discusses developments in the international climate change agenda and the consequent impacts and opportunities this creates for Australia. The Framework Convention on Climate Change has just entered into force, which imposes a range of commitments on Australia. Australia needs to participate actively in the international negotiations on the Convention's implementation to ensure that its interests are protected. The National Greenhouse Response Strategy provides the basis for Australia's response to climate change. The Petroleum Exploration Industry has scope to take 'no regrets' actions to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions as well as an incentive to do so to enhance its public image as a good environmental citizen.

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