Relevant bibliographies by topics / CLFR

Academic literature on the topic 'CLFR'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CLFR"

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Zakeri-Milani, Parvin, Zohreh Fasihi, Jafar Akbari, Ensieh Jannatabadi, Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali, Raimar Loebenberg, and Hadi Valizadeh. "Crystal-liquid Fugacity Ratio as a Surrogate Parameter for Intestinal Permeability." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 3 (August 18, 2016): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3ks4p.

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Background: We assessed the feasibility of using crystal-liquid fugacity ratio (CLFR) as an alternative parameter for intestinal permeability in the biopharmaceutical classification (BCS) of passively absorbed drugs. Methods: Dose number, fraction of dose absorbed, intestinal permeability, and intrinsic dissolution rate were used as the input parameters. CLFR was determined using thermodynamic parameters i.e., melting point, molar fusion enthalpy, and entropy of drug molecules obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. Results: The CLFR values were in the range of 0.06-41.76 mole percent. There was a close relationship between CLFR and in vivo intestinal permeability (r > 0.8). CLFR values of greater than 2 mole percent corresponded to complete intestinal absorption. Applying CLFR versus dose number or intrinsic dissolution rate, more than 92% of tested drugs were correctly classified with respect to the reported classification system on the basis of human intestinal permeability and solubility. Conclusion: This investigation revealed that the CLFR might be an appropriate parameter for quantitative biopharmaceutical classification. This could be attributed to the fact that CLFR could be a measure of solubility of compounds in lipid bilayer which was found in this study to be directly proportional to the intestinal permeability of compounds. This classification enables researchers to define characteristics for intestinal absorption of all four BCS drug classes using suitable cutoff points for both intrinsic dissolution rate and crystal-liquid fugacity ratio. Therefore, it may be used as a surrogate for permeability studies. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Ezzat, Shahira M., and Amira Abdel Motaal. "Isolation of New Cytotoxic Metabolites from Cleome droserifolia Growing in Egypt." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2012): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-5-605.

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The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the aqueous (AqEx) and ethanolic (AlEx) extracts, respectively, of the aerial parts of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. against two human cancer cell lines, breast (MCF7) and colon (HCT116) adenocarcinoma. AqEx exhibited higher cytotoxic activity, thus its four subfractions, namely n-hexane (HxFr), chloroform (ClFr), ethyl acetate (EtFr), and n-butanol (BuFr) fractions, were also tested. Purifi cation of the more active ClFr and EtFr yielded nine compounds. Six terpenoids, guai-7(11),8-diene (C1), 1-hydroxy-guai-3,10(14)-diene (C2), 18-hydroxydollabela- 8(17)-ene (C3), (24E)-stigmasta-5,8-dien-3β-ol (C4), teucladiol [1α,5β-guai-10(14)- ene-4β,6β-diol] (C5), and buchariol (4,10-epoxy-6α-hydroxyguaiane) (C6), were isolated from ClFr and three fl avonol glycosides, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (F1), quercetin- 3`-methoxy-3-O-(4``-acetylrhamnoside)-7-O-α-rhamnoside (F2), and kaempferol-4`-methoxy- 3,7-O-dirhamnoside (F3), were isolated from EtFr. Compounds C3 and F2 are new in nature. The isolated compounds were identifi ed using various spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and COSY). Compounds C1, C3, F2, and F3 showed significant cytotoxic activities against the two tested cell lines comparable to those of the anticancer drug doxorubicin®. The new compound C3 was the most active as it had the lowest IC50 values, (1.9 ± 0.08) and (1.6 ± 0.09) μg/ml corresponding to 6.5 and 5.4 μM, against MCF7 and HCT116 cells, respectively
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Jasien, Paul G. "Stabilities of hypervalent chlorine fluorides (ClF3, ClF5 and ClF7)." Chemical Physics Letters 188, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)85102-g.

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Wang, Gang, Fan Shen, Fasi Wang, and Zeshao Chen. "Design and experimental study of a solar CPV system using CLFR concentrator." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 40 (August 2020): 100751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100751.

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Duggal, Rohit, and RavindraJilte. "Numerical analysis of synthetic fluids in three-dimensional trapezoidal cavity used for CLFR plant." Materials Today: Proceedings 16 (2019): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.109.

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Serag-Eldin, M. A. "Thermal design of a roof-mounted CLFR collection system for a desert absorption chiller." International Journal of Sustainable Energy 33, no. 3 (February 8, 2013): 506–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2012.761998.

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Kim, Hyung Don, Ji Yeon Lee, Jeong-Yong Park, Dong Hwi Kim, Min Hye Kang, Hyun-A. Seong, Kyung Hye Seo, and Yun-Jeong Ji. "Neuroprotective Effects of Coreopsis lanceolata Flower Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells and Mice." Antioxidants 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060951.

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(1) Background: Coreopsis lanceolata L. is a perennial plant of the family Asteraceae, and its flower is known to contain flavonoids with various bioactivities. We evaluated the effect of Coreopsis lanceolata L. flower (CLF) extracts on H2O2-induced oxidative stress (OS) in neuronal cells and mouse neurons. (2) Methods: The flowering part of CL was used as CLF1 (70% ethanol extract) and CLF2 (water extract), and 10 types of phenolic compounds were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of CLF, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were measured, and the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and proteins related to OS-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells and mouse neurons treated with the extracts were investigated. (3) Results: In the in vitro study, CLF ameliorated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and induced the expression of antioxidant enzymes in PC12 cells. Furthermore, CLF1 enhanced the expression of the Bcl-xL protein but reduced the expression of Bax and the cleavage of caspase-3. In the same manner, CLF1 showed neuroprotective effects against OS in vivo. Pretreatment with CLF1 (200 mg/kg) increased the Bcl-2 protein and decreased Bax compared with the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated C57BL/6 mice model group. Our results suggest that the protective effects of CLF1 on MPP+-induced apoptosis may be due to its anti-apoptotic activity, through regulating the expression of the Bcl-2 family. (4) Conclusions: CLF1 exerts neuroprotective effects against OS-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells in a Parkinson’s disease model mouse. This effect may be attributable to the upregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, downregulation of Bax expression, and inhibition of caspase-3 activation. These data indicate that CLF may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hoshi, Akira, David R. Mills, Antoine Bittar, and Takeo S. Saitoh. "Screening of high melting point phase change materials (PCM) in solar thermal concentrating technology based on CLFR." Solar Energy 79, no. 3 (September 2005): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.04.023.

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Gomes, A. R., S. Vinga, M. Zavolan, and H. de Lencastre. "Analysis of the Genetic Variability of Virulence-Related Loci in Epidemic Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 1 (January 2005): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.1.366-379.2005.

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ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates have previously been classified into major epidemic clonal types by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in combination with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing. We aimed to investigate whether genetic variability in potentially polymorphic domains of virulence-related factors could provide another level of differentiation in a diverse collection of epidemic MRSA clones. The target regions of strains representative of epidemic clones and genetically related methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates from the 1960s that were sequenced included the R domains of clfA and clfB; the D, W, and M regions of fnbA and fnbB; and three regions in the agr operon. Sequence variation ranged from very conserved regions, such as those for RNAIII and the agr interpromoter region, to the highly polymorphic R regions of the clf genes. The sequences of the clf R domains could be grouped into six major sequence types on the basis of the sequences in their 3′ regions. Six sequence types were also observed for the fnb sequences at the amino acid level. From an evolutionary point of view, it was interesting that a small DNA stretch at the 3′ clf R-domain sequence and the fnb sequences agreed with the results of MLST for this set of strains. In particular, clfB R-domain sequences, which had a high discriminatory capacity and with which the types distinguished were congruent with those obtained by other molecular typing methods, have potential for use for the typing of S. aureus. Clone- and strain-specific sequence motifs in the clf and fnb genes may represent useful additions to a typing methodology with a DNA array.
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Bae, Sung Hun, Sun-Young Chang, and So Hee Kim. "Slower Elimination of Tofacitinib in Acute Renal Failure Rat Models: Contribution of Hepatic Metabolism and Renal Excretion." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080714.

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Tofacitinib is a Jak inhibitor developed as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Tofacitinib is metabolized mainly through hepatic CYP3A1/2, followed by CYP2C11. Rheumatoid arthritis tends to increase renal toxicity due to drugs used for long-term treatment. In this study, pharmacokinetic changes of tofacitinib were evaluated in rats with gentamicin (G-ARF) and cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (C-ARF). The time-averaged total body clearance (CL) of tofacitinib in G-ARF and C-ARF rats after 1-min intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg was significantly decreased by 37.7 and 62.3%, respectively, compared to in control rats. This seems to be because the time-averaged renal clearance (CLR) was significantly lower by 69.5 and 98.6%, respectively, due to decreased creatinine clearance (CLCR). In addition, the time-averaged nonrenal clearance (CLNR) was also significantly lower by 33.2 and 57.4%, respectively, due to reduction in the hepatic CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C11 subfamily in G-ARF and C-ARF rats. After oral administration of tofacitinib (20 mg/kg) to G-ARF and C-ARF rats, both CLR and CLNR were also significantly decreased. In conclusion, an increase in area under plasma concentration-time curves from time zero to time infinity (AUC) of tofacitinib in G-ARF and C-ARF rats was due to the significantly slower elimination of tofacitinib contributed by slower hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion of the drug.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CLFR"

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Engels, Sabine. "Regulation der clp-Genexpression durch ClgR und Definition des ClgR-Regulons aus Corynebacterium glutamicum." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973949759.

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Іванченко, О. О., and В. А. Бісюк. "Платформа CLR в середовищі ОС Windows." Thesis, КОД, 2012. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/4407.

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Fuchs, Franz Xaver. "Clock-feedthrough compensation in MOS sample-and-hold circuits." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2354.

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All MOS sample-and-hold circuits suffer to a greater or lesser extent from clock-feedthrough (CLFT), also called charge-injection. During the transition from sample to hold mode, charge is transferred from an MOS transistor switch onto the hold capacitor, thus the name charge-injection. This error can lead to considerable voltage change across the capacitor, and predicting the extent of the induced error potentials is important to circuit designers. Previous studies have shown a considerable dependency of CLFT on signal voltage, circuit impedances, clock amplitude and clock fall-time. The focus of this work was on the signal dependency of the CLFT error and on the CLFT induced signal distortion in open-loop sample-and-hold circuits. CLFT was found to have a strongly non-linear, signal dependent, component, which may cause considerable distortion of the sampled signal. The parameters influencing this distortion were established. It was discovered that distortion could be reduced by more than 20dB through careful adjustment of the clock fall-rate. Several circuit solutions that can help reduce the level of distortion arising from CLFT are presented. These circuits can also reduce the absolute level of CLFT. Simulations showed their effectiveness, which was also proven in silicon. The CLFT reduction methods used in these circuits are easily transferable to other switched-capacitor circuits and are suitable for applications where space is at a premium (as, for example, in analogue neural networks). A new saturation mode contribution to CLFT was found. It is shown to give rise to increased CLFT under high injection conditions.
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Fruja, Nicu Georgian. "Type safety of C# and .Net CLR /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17003.

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Monteiro, João Gonçalo Tereno Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] [Lepenies, Ralph Akademischer Betreuer] Goethe, and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schwartz-Albiez. "A C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-Fc fusion protein library as a toolbox to detect novel CLR ligands and the interplay of CLR/virus interactions / João Gonçalo Tereno Monteiro ; Bernd Lepenies, Ralph Goethe, Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119175278X/34.

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Monteiro, João Gonçalo Tereno [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Lepenies, Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Goethe, and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwartz-Albiez. "A C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-Fc fusion protein library as a toolbox to detect novel CLR ligands and the interplay of CLR/virus interactions / João Gonçalo Tereno Monteiro ; Bernd Lepenies, Ralph Goethe, Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119175278X/34.

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Crystal, Raphael. "High wire : chamber ballet in five movements for multiple woodwind player (piccolo, E� clar., alto sax., bass clar.) and piano and written report High wire : a tonal and serial composition." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292541.

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High Wire is a chamber ballet in five movements for multiple woodwind player (piccolo, Eb clarinet, alto saxophone, bass clarinet) and piano. It was inspired by Frederick H. Graham's Wait For The Muncie Boys: Indiana's Early Circuses, and was first performed, with choreography by Michele Kriner, at a concert of the Middletown Arts Project on January 26, 2003. The work is somewhat unusual in that it is both tonal and serial. It evokes popular musical styles of the turn of the twentieth century, with particular reference to circus music, and yet it is based on a twelve-tone series and generally adheres to strict serial techniques. The genesis of the work, the relationship of the music to the choreography, and the way in which two rather different musical sensibilities are reconciled are discussed in the written report that serves as an introduction to the score. A recording of the first performance is included in the side-pocket.
School of Music
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Wilson, K. Craig. "Using marginal analysis to load Combat Logistics Force (CLF) ships." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA293136.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994.
Thesis advisor(s): Paul J. Fields, Katsuaki L. Terasawa. "December 1994." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Zhang, Qiang. "Genetic and Expression Analyses of the 'Nkrp1-Clr' Gene Cluster." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23271.

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Natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes of the innate immune system, can recognize a wide array of cells via several receptors families such as Ly49 and NKR-P1. The Nkrp1 gene family encode for C-type lectin-like receptors which can recognize their ligands, Clr, on target cells. Nkrp1 and Clr genes are intertwined in the NK gene complex and are thus inherited together. The Nkrp1-Clr genes in 129S6 and BALB/c mouse strains show significant sequence polymorphism compared to those of C57BL/6 mice while the overall gene organization and gene number are conserved. RT-PCR was utilized to study the expression of individual Nkrp1-Clr genes. In situ hybridization was performed to validate expression results from RT-PCR, as well as to verify the cell types in which Nkrp1-Clr genes are expressed. Surprisingly, our expression studies reveal an interesting pattern of expression of Nkrp1 and Clr genes not only in lymphoid tissues but also in the epithelial cells of the intestine, kidney, eye and lung, the myocytes of the heart and skeletal muscle, and possibly some endothelial cells, indicating novel functions of NK cells in these tissues.
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Mock, Philip J. "Measuring Combat Logistics Force (CLF) Adequacy in Supporting Naval Operations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6837.

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Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
We uses the existing outputs of the Combat Logistics Force (CLF) Planner tool to (1) assess the minimum level of support required for a specified force in a multi-stage naval combat scenario and (2) compare CLF adequacy, surplus mission capability, and logistics shortfalls that a minimum level of support provides to combat forces of varying compositions. We examine the potential impact of the transition from a traditional nuclear-powered aircraft carrier strike group to a more distributed conventionally-powered one. We find that the logistical demands of a small conventionally powered carrier strike group with comparable striking power require significant increases in CLF end strength, and therefore that logistical supportability must be an integral part of future fleet planning.
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Books on the topic "CLFR"

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D, Smith Larry. Clar: Biography of Johan Simon Clar. [Pennsylvania?: L.D. Smith, 1991.

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Congáil, Nollaig Mac. Máire: Clár saothair. BAC [ie. Baile Átha Cliath]: Coiscéim, 1990.

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Dhondy, Farrukh. CLR James. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001.

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Tartera, Roger. Quan es fa clar. Barcelona: Columna Edicions, 2002.

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Cheanainn, Ciarán Ó. Con. Clár amhrán Mhaigh Cuilinn. Baile Átha Cliath: Comhairle Bhealoideas Eireann, 2011.

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Council, Gwynedd (Wales), University of Wales, Bangor. Canolfan Bedwyr., and Welsh Language Board, eds. Cymraeg clir: Canllawiau iaith. Bangor: Cyngor Gwynedd, Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg a Chanolfan Bedwyr, 1999.

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Workers' Party. Special Ard Fheis. Special Ard Fheis: Clar. [Dublin]: Workers' Party of Ireland, 1992.

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Ag Neartu Clar na Naisiunaithe. [Dublin]: Sinn Féin, 1993.

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CLR via C#. 4th ed. Redmond: Microsoft Press, 2012.

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CLR via C#. 2nd ed. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "CLFR"

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Schreiter, Ekkehard. "Clar-risse." In Verkehr bei Robert Musil, 88–124. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97056-5_5.

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Tudoran, Marina A., and Mihai V. Putz. "Clar Structure." In New Frontiers in Nanochemistry, 119–27. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. | Contents: Volume 1. Structural nanochemistry – Volume 2. Topological nanochemistry – Volume 3. Sustainable nanochemistry.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429022944-8.

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Korotkevitch, Dmitri. "CLR." In Pro SQL Server Internals, 293–309. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1964-5_14.

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Korotkevitch, Dmitri. "CLR." In Pro SQL Server Internals, 255–73. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5963-3_13.

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Strader, Ted N., Christopher Kokoski, David Collins, Steven Shamblen, and Patrick Mckiernan. "CLFC Fatherhood Program." In Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 454–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_990.

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Strader, Ted N., Christopher Kokoski, David Collins, Steven Shamblen, and Patrick Mckiernan. "CLFC Fatherhood Program." In Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_990-1.

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Korotkevitch, Dmitri. "CLR Types." In Pro SQL Server Internals, 311–34. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1964-5_15.

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Korotkevitch, Dmitri. "CLR Types." In Pro SQL Server Internals, 275–300. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5963-3_14.

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Buchweitz, O., and E. Malik. "Die chlrurglsche Therapie cler moderated und cler schweren Endometriose." In Gynäkologische Endoskopie, 91–106. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57440-5_5.

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Chuleerat, Jaruskulchai. "Dictionary-Based Thai CLIR: An Experimental Survey of Thai CLIR." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 209–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45691-0_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "CLFR"

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Hang, Yin, Kevin Balkoski, and Phani Meduri. "Life Cycle Analysis of Linear Fresnel Solar Power Technology." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98147.

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Solar power generation technologies are categorized as Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) and PhotoVoltaic (PV). AREVA’s Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) system is a CSP power generation technology which compares favorably with other technologies in terms of its land efficiency and environmental impact. Analysis of the costs and benefits of solar technologies can inform their design and influence environmental and economic policies. This paper reports a comprehensive “cradle to grave” life cycle analysis (LCA) of AREVA’s CLFR technology. A unique element of this study is the availability of comprehensive inventory data from AREVA’s Reliance project, a 125 MWe Solar CLFR power plant under construction in India. Using actual project data showed the energy payback time was about 8.2 months and the greenhouse gas intensity was about 31 g-CO2/kWhe. Sensitivity analysis identified that the environmental performance is most sensitive to the solar intensity represented by direct normal irradiance. This study also compares AREVA’s CLFR technology with other leading solar power generation technologies. AREVA’s CLFR has the similar energy payback time and greenhouse gas intensity as other CSP technologies, and it has lower environmental impact compared to flat-plate PV systems.
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Conlon, William M., Pete Johnson, and Robert Hanson. "Superheated Steam From CLFR Solar Steam Generators." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55174.

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AREVA Solar has designed, constructed and demonstrated the first successful Once Through Solar Steam Generator (SSG) to deliver superheated steam without intermediate heat transfer fluids. Deployed at the Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Station, SSG4 represents the state of the art for solar steam production, for stand-alone power generation and augmentation of fossil fueled steam cycles. The ASME Section I boiler was designed, constructed, stamped and commissioned during 2010, and includes a novel Model Predictive Control system capable of maintaining any two of three steam conditions (flow, pressure, temperature) under varying solar input. During field trials in September 2010, exit steam conditions were maintained at 60 +/− 3 bar and 370 +/− 20C during steady and transient conditions, while steam flow consistently exceeded predictions. In a “lights-out” test, simulating complete instantaneous cloud cover, SSG4 had sufficient thermal inertia to supply more than 18 minutes of superheated steam. AREVA Solar’s SSGs incorporate a 400m long tube bundle within an elevated insulated cavity receiver, onto which sunlight is concentrated by reflectors. The multi-pass tube bundle arranges superheater tubes in the high flux regions, and economizer/evaporator tubes in lower flux regions. This assures sufficient heat flux to sustain superheated steam temperatures throughout the operating day, and also reduces the average bundle temperature to reduce radiant heat losses. Boiler tubes were prepared in AREVA Solar’s factory to improve their absorption of solar energy and reduce radiant heat losses. The inverted cavity maintains a stagnant air layer between the tube bundle and a glass cover below the boiler tube supports, to reduce convective heat loss. SSG4 was designed for a Maximum Allowable Working Pressure of 105 bara, and a Maximum Mean Wall Temperature of 482C in the superheater section. AREVA Solar is the first Concentrated Solar Power provider with an ASME “S” Stamp and National Board authorization. Following the initial trials at 370C, the SSG is expected to operate at 450C superheated steam temperature. This paper describes the design, construction, commissioning, and testing of the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) SSG4.
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Mills, David R., Graham Morrison, and Peter le Lievre. "Multi-Tower Line Focus Fresnel Array." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44080.

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As an alternative to conventional tracking trough systems, one may use line focus Fresnel reflector systems. Before the current Australian work, each field of Fresnel reflectors was directed to a single tower. However, efficient systems of very high ground utilisation can be set up if a field of reflectors uses multiple receivers on different towers (Mills and Morrison, 1999). This paper describes an Australian line focus system, called the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) system and a project to produce an initial 25MWe solar array. The array will be used as a retrofit preheater for a coal fired generating plant. Future use of such arrays as stand alone high capacity factor powerplants in New South Wales are discussed.
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Guerreiro, Luis, Manuel Collares-Pereira, and Diogo Canavarro. "Increasing the Cost Effectiveness of CSP Technologies Through the Development of a New CLFR “Etendue Matched” Collector." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.25.14.

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Devabhaktuni, Swati, Hari Shankar Jain, and Kiran kumar Pamera. "A comparative study of CLR and CLCR as Current Limiters in AC power systems." In 2016 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccpeic.2016.7557304.

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Hale, Mary Jane, Peter Sugimura, Rob Hanson, Milt Venetos, and Peter Tanner. "Thermal Performance Testing of Solar Steam Generator 4 at AREVA Solar’s Kimberlina Demonstration Facility." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55178.

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The Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Station in Bakersfield, California, is AREVA Solar’s first North American solar thermal energy facility and an important showcase of AREVA’s Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) technology. Construction of a fourth solar steam generator (SSG4) was completed at Kimberlina in August 2010. At the time SSG4 represented AREVA Solar’s most current commercial technology, designed for direct superheat steam generation. SSG4 incorporates technology advancements that significantly enhance the AREVA Solar technology’s controllability, steam temperature and pressure capabilities as well as overall performance. After SSG4 was commissioned, AREVA Solar carried out an extensive performance test program on this advanced technology to formally evaluate and quantify its measured performance and compare that to the model-predicted performance. The performance testing included two specific tests. The first was the Steady State Performance Test (SSPT), which evaluated the technology’s steady-state performance over a two-hour period on multiple days. The second test was the Entire Day Performance Test (EDPT), which evaluated the technology’s performance throughout an entire day, including overnight losses, startup, mid-day performance (including steady-state, quasi steady-state and transients) and shutdown. The third test demonstrated the technology’s response to a simulated direct normal insolation (DNI) transient. AREVA Solar took great care to design and perform this testing in a standardized manner that would stand up to independent, expert observation and was consistent with established ASME performance test codes (PTC), where applicable. AREVA Solar plans to implement this testing methodology in future commercial plants and technology demonstrations. This paper documents in detail the performance testing methodology used to evaluate AREVA Solar’s new technology, including: • Test prerequisites; • Performance (both measured and modeled) calculation equations; • Environmental and optical surface measurement techniques; • Measurement test success criteria; • Uncertainty calculation and implementation. This paper also documents the measured testing results relative to the AREVA Solar internal modeled results including follow-up model validation.
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Yin, Ning, Hongyan Li, and Hanchen Su. "CLR." In the ACM Turing 50th Celebration Conference - China. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3063955.3063976.

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Litkowski, Ken. "CLR." In the 4th International Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621474.1621495.

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Leung, Kenneth Wai-Ting, Dik Lun Lee, and Wang-Chien Lee. "CLR." In the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2009916.2009960.

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Morton, Andrew F., Dan Keneipp, and Antoine Altasserre. "Integration, Commissioning and Operation of Solar Steam Generator 4 at Kimberlina." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55193.

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AREVA Solar, Inc. constructed, commissioned and operated the first-of-its-kind Once Through Solar Steam Generator (OTSG SSG), SSG4 at the Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Station. The construction and commissioning of SSG4 was completed in September 2010, culminating in the successful execution of a series of performance tests. This was the first SSG that AREVA Solar, Inc. designed, manufactured and constructed to comply with ASME Section I, and registered with the National Board. SSG4 is the first in its class that produces high-pressure, superheated steam in a once through configuration. Some aspects of the system presented unique commissioning and operational challenges that are not commonly found in conventional fired boilers. These include: i) the use of a first-in-class model predictive control (MPC) system; ii) a steam integration system to blend steam from the once-through superheated SSG4 and the previous-generation, saturated steam SSGs; iii) a steam handling system that delivers the steam to a turbine generator or to a dump condenser; iv) precision optical tracking that is required for optimal boiler performance; v) 1310ft (400 meter) long boiler tube bundle. Unique for field erected boilers, the SSG4 tube bundle was welded at grade. After being inspected, the receiver and tube bundle support structure was placed over the bundles, secured and the entire receiver structure, with boiler tubes, was hoisted to its operating position, 60ft (18m) above grade. Following final connections of feedwater and steam piping, the boiler was inspected by Hartford Steam Boiler Insurance Company, which included hydrostatic test pressurization to 2002.5 psi (13.8MPa), and the stamps were applied to the boiler nameplate (see Figure 1 for a photo of the SSG4 boiler nameplate). Commissioning included standard boiler flushing and tube cleaning program and a comprehensive set of pre-operational tests. There were additional requirements that are unique to Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) solar thermal systems such as reflector alignment and tuning. These and other commissioning activities were scheduled around a constraint unique to solar systems — the availability of sunlight. A comprehensive set of procedures was followed to enable safe and successful integration and commissioning of the model predictive control system. Upon completion of commissioning, the plant was turned over to operations for continued testing. Stable superheated steam delivery was achieved within one week of Mechanical Completion, and Acceptance Testing was completed two weeks later at levels that exceeded the guarantee. This paper will describe the details of the integration, construction and commissioning milestones, distinctive aspects of commissioning solar thermal systems, and organization of the commissioning team to achieve success.
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Reports on the topic "CLFR"

1

Jordan, Jason P. Organizing CLF Replenishment Events into CLF Voyages - The CLF Voyages Template. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada510230.

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Oard, Douglas W., Gina-Anne Levow, and Clara I. Cabezas. TREC-9 Experiments at Maryland: Interactive CLIR. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456186.

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Oard, Douglas W., and Jianqiang Wang. NTCIR CLIR Experiments at the University of Maryland. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458793.

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Oard, Douglas W., Jianqiang Wang, Dekang Lin, and Ian Soboroff. TREC-8 Experiments at Maryland: CLIR, QA and Routing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456027.

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Clark, E. A. Tritium Release Estimate from CLWR-Tritium Extraction Facility Waste Overpack. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781208.

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Clark, E. A. Tritium Permeation Estimate from APT and CLWR-TEF Waste Packages. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4761.

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Wilhite, E. L. Preliminary Performance Assessment for Disposal of APT and CLWR/TEF Wastes at SRS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4943.

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Darwish, Kareem, and Douglas W. Oard. CLIR Experiments at Maryland for TREC-2002: Evidence Combination for Arabic-English Retrieval. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada452814.

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Jones, Russell I. Command Relationships for Amphibious Operations: CATF/CLF Undergo a Transformation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390348.

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Salgueiro, G., V. Gurbani, and A. B. Roach. Format for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Common Log Format (CLF). RFC Editor, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6873.

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