Journal articles on the topic 'Clethodim'
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1
Bridges, David C., Albert E. Smith, and Linford N. Falb. "Effect of Adjuvant on Foliar Absorption and Activity of Clethodim and Polar Degradation Products of Clethodim." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (December 1991): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088342.
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Research was conducted to determine foliar absorption of14C-clethodim and its polar degradation products with five adjuvants and to compare the relative herbicidal activity of clethodim and its polar degradation products. Differential14C-clethodim and14C-polar degradation products absorption occurred among the five adjuvants. Adjuvants that mediated rapid foliar absorption of clethodim did not always mediate rapid foliar uptake of polar degradation products. Herbicidal activity of clethodim exceeded activity of polar degradation products regardless of time of day of application or whether adjuvant was used. Inclusion of adjuvant was required for herbicidal activity of polar degradation products. Clethodim activity declined when applied at 0800 h EDT compared to applications at 2000 h EDT. To maximize herbicidal activity of clethodim, adjuvants should be selected that mediate rapid foliar absorption of both clethodim and the polar degradation products of clethodim and that minimize photodegradation of clethodim.
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Grichar, W. J., B. A. Besler, K. D. Brewer, and T. A. Baughman. "Grass Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with Clethodim and Selected Broadleaf Herbicide Combinations1." Peanut Science 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2002): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/pnut.29.2.0002.
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Abstract Field studies were conducted to evaluate broadleaf signalgrass and southern crabgrass control and effect on peanut yield of clethodim alone and sequential applications with six broadleaf herbicides. When rated 9 wk after treatment (WAT), broadleaf signalgrass control with clethodim followed by (fb) acifluorfen, imazapic, or 2,4-DB 24 hr later did not differ from clethodim alone. When acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus bentazon, imazethapyr, imazapic, and lactofen were applied in a tank-mix with clethodim, broadleaf signalgrass control was less than 65%. Clethodim alone or clethodim plus 2,4-DB controlled 86 and 73% broadleaf signalgrass, respectively. When acifluorfen, acifluorfen plus bentazon, or imazethapyr was fb clethodim, signalgrass control was less than 72%. Southern crabgrass control was reduced in 2 of 3 yr from clethodim alone when acifluorfen was tank-mixed with clethodim. When other broadleaf herbicides were tank-mixed with clethodim, reduced crabgrass control was noted in only 1 of 3 yr. Where no POST herbicides were used, peanut yield was < 1600 kg/ha, while all plots which received a POST herbicide yielded over 2200 kg/ha.
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Harre, Nick T., Julie M. Young, and Bryan G. Young. "Influence of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate on clethodim efficacy of volunteer glyphosate-resistant corn." Weed Technology 34, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.124.
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AbstractManagement of volunteer glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn may be problematic in soybean resistant to glyphosate and 2,4-D or dicamba, as auxinic herbicides often antagonize graminicide efficacy. Field and greenhouse trials were conducted using mixtures of 2,4-D or dicamba in combination with glyphosate and clethodim-A (formulated without an adjuvant) or clethodim-SM (adjuvant-inclusive formulation) to determine the effect on volunteer GR corn control. Neither auxinic herbicide reduced clethodim efficacy, regardless of clethodim rate or formulation in field trials. However, the addition of glyphosate to these mixtures at the 35 g ai ha−1 clethodim dose reduced control from clethodim-A and clethodim-SM by 62% to 75% and 27% to 47%, respectively. Increasing the clethodim dose to 105 g ha−1 or greater in combination with glyphosate and either auxinic herbicide generally restored clethodim efficacy (74% to 98% control); in one site-year, the addition of glyphosate plus dicamba to clethodim-A at 140 g ha−1 still reduced control by 34%. In greenhouse experiments, clethodim-A efficacy was reduced by 17% and 28% when applied with glyphosate plus 420 and 1,680 g ae ha−1 2,4-D, respectively, in the absence of crop oil concentrate (COC). Increasing the dose of dicamba in a similar mixture had a negligible effect. Irrespective of auxinic herbicide dose, the inclusion of COC to clethodim-A mixtures with glyphosate plus 2,4-D or dicamba resulted in ≥ 90% control. These results specify an enhanced risk of reduced clethodim efficacy on volunteer GR corn when glyphosate is added to mixtures containing 2,4-D or dicamba. To optimize control from these mixtures, clethodim should be applied at ≥ 105 g ha−1 and should include an activator adjuvant in the form of COC and/or an adjuvant-inclusive clethodim formulation. This recommendation contrasts with several labels of clethodim that do not require COC when applied with adjuvant-loaded glyphosate products.
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Saini, Rupinder Kaur, Jenna Malone, Christopher Preston, and Gurjeet S. Gill. "Frost Reduces Clethodim Efficacy in Clethodim-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Populations." Weed Science 64, no. 2 (June 2016): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00140.1.
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Rigid ryegrass, an important annual weed species in cropping regions of southern Australia, has evolved resistance to 11 major groups of herbicides. Dose–response studies were conducted to determine response of three clethodim-resistant populations and one clethodim-susceptible population of rigid ryegrass to three different frost treatments (−2 C). Clethodim-resistant and -susceptible plants were exposed to frost in a frost chamber from 4:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M. for three nights before or after clethodim application and were compared with plants not exposed to frost. A reduction in the level of clethodim efficacy was observed in resistant populations when plants were exposed to frost for three nights before or after clethodim application. In the highly resistant populations, the survival percentage and LD50were higher when plants were exposed to frost before clethodim application compared with frost after clethodim application. However, frost treatment did not influence clethodim efficacy of the susceptible population. Sequencing of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) gene of the three resistant populations identified three known mutations at positions 1781, 2041, and 2078. However, most individuals in the highly resistant populations did not contain any known mutation in ACCase, suggesting the resistance mechanism was a nontarget site. The effect of frost on clethodim efficacy in resistant plants may be an outcome of the interaction between frost and the clethodim resistance mechanism(s) present.
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Nandula, Vijay K., Daniel H. Poston, Krishna N. Reddy, and Clifford H. Koger. "Formulation and Adjuvant Effects on Uptake and Translocation of Clethodim in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)." Weed Science 55, no. 1 (February 2007): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-024.1.
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The effect of formulation and adjuvants on absorption and translocation of 14C-clethodim was determined at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT) in bermudagrass under greenhouse conditions. Absorption of 14C-clethodim with the 0.12 kg L−1 (15 to 85%) formulation was higher than with the 0.24 kg L−1 (5 to 40%) formulation, regardless of presence or absence of adjuvant. There was considerable variation in the effect of adjuvant on 14C-clethodim absorption. When either ammonium sulfate (AMS) or AMS plus crop oil concentrate (COC) was added to the 0.12 kg L−1 formulation, 14C-clethodim absorption increased significantly at all harvest times except at 12 HAT compared with 0.12 kg L−1 formulation alone, whereas, 14C-clethodim absorption after addition of COC to the 0.12 kg L−1 formulation was similar to the 0.12 kg L−1 formulation alone up to 24 HAT. Conversely, COC enhanced 14C-absorption at all harvest times when added to 0.24 kg L−1 formulation. Most of 14C-clethodim (79 to 100% of absorbed) remained in the treated leaf, independent of formulation or adjuvant. Formulation did not have an impact on distribution of absorbed 14C-clethodim; however, presence of an adjuvant increased movement of 14C-clethodim out of treated leaf. Of the absorbed 14C-label, most remained in the treated leaf. 14C-clethodim that translocated out of the treated leaf remained in the shoot, and negligible amount of 14C-clethodim translocated to roots. These results demonstrated improved absorption of clethodim with formulations containing half the active ingredient (0.12 kg L−1) and inclusion of both AMS and COC.
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Lancaster, Sarah H., David L. Jordan, Alan C. York, Ian C. Burke, Frederick T. Corbin, Yvonna S. Sheldon, John W. Wilcut, and David W. Monks. "Influence of Selected Fungicides on Efficacy of Clethodim and Sethoxydim." Weed Technology 19, no. 2 (June 2005): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-172r.
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Field experiments were conducted to compare large crabgrass control by clethodim or sethoxydim applied alone and with selected fungicides registered for use in peanut. Fluazinam, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, or tebuconazole did not affect efficacy of clethodim or sethoxydim. Azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorothalonil, and pyraclostrobin reduced efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim in some experiments. Increasing the herbicide rate increased large crabgrass control regardless of the addition of chlorothalonil. In laboratory experiments,14C absorption was less when14C-clethodim or14C-sethoxydim was applied with chlorothalonil. Pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole did not affect absorption of14C-clethodim or14C-sethoxydim.
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Perkins, Clay M., Thomas C. Mueller, and Lawrence E. Steckel. "Efficacy of Burndown with Sequential Applications for Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) Control." Journal of Cotton Science 26, no. 1 (2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/niuu9765.
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Junglerice has continued to expand its range as a serious weed pest in Tennessee cotton. Both glyphosate resistance and herbicide antagonism have been documented as possible causes for poor control. Approximately 15% of junglerice populations in Tennessee have been found to be glyphosate resistant. In addition, dicamba tank mixtures with glyphosate and/or clethodim have been reported to reduce junglerice control. Due to poor in-crop control, starting clean has taken on added importance when trying to control junglerice. Therefore, research was conducted to determine the best herbicide burndown methods utilizing clethodim, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, or paraquat. Paraquat alone or in tank-mixtures with glyphosate or clethodim provided poor control (< 50%). Likewise, glufosinate alone or in tank-mixture with glyphosate or clethodim provided poor control (< 35%). A dicamba + glyphosate, glufosinate + clethodim, or paraquat + clethodim application provided poor junglerice control. Regardless of which herbicides were initially applied, making a follow-up application of glyphosate or glyphosate + clethodim two weeks later provided optimal control of junglerice. In Tennessee, a glyphosate + clethodim application at 14 days before planting is recommended to control junglerice, other grasses and some broadleaf weeds, followed by paraquat at-planting to control remaining weed species.
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Burke, Ian C., Shawn D. Askew, Jerry L. Corbett, and John W. Wilcut. "Glufosinate Antagonizes Clethodim Control of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)." Weed Technology 19, no. 3 (September 2005): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-214r1.1.
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Because of a previously reported antagonism of clethodim activity by other herbicides, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine goosegrass control with clethodim and glufosinate postemergence alone, in tank mixtures, and as sequential treatments. Herbicide treatments consisted of glufosinate at 0, 290, or 410 g ai/ha and clethodim at 0, 105, or 140 g ai/ha, each applied alone, in all possible combinations of the above application rates, or sequentially. Glufosinate at either rate alone controlled goosegrass at the two- to four-leaf growth stage <44%, and control was less for goosegrass at the one- to two- and four- to six-tiller growth stages. Clethodim controlled two- to four-leaf and one- to two-tiller goosegrass 91 and 99% at application rates of 105 and 140 g/ha, respectively, and controlled four- to six-tiller goosegrass 68 and 83% at application rates of 105 and 140 g ai/ha, respectively. All tank mixtures of glufosinate with clethodim reduced goosegrass control at least 52 percentage points when compared to the control with clethodim alone. Glufosinate at 290 or 410 g/ha when applied sequentially 7 or 14 d prior to clethodim reduced goosegrass control at least 50 percentage points compared to the control obtained with clethodim applied alone. Clethodim at rates of 105 or 140 g/ha when applied 7 or 14 d prior to glufosinate controlled goosegrass equivalent to the control obtained with each respective rate of clethodim applied alone at the two- to four-leaf and one- to two-tiller growth stage. Clethodim should be applied to goosegrass no larger than at the one- to two-tiller growth stage at least 7 d prior to glufosinate application or 14 d after a glufosinate application for effective goosegrass control.
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Chahal, Gurinderbir S., David L. Jordan, Alan C. York, Rick L. Brandenburg, Barbara B. Shew, James D. Burton, and David Danehower. "Interactions of Clethodim and Sethoxydim with Other Pesticides." Peanut Science 40, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps11-19.1.
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ABSTRACT A wide range of agrochemicals are applied in peanut to manage biotic and abiotic stresses. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim applied alone or with dimethenamid-P, pyraclostrobin, S-metolachlor, and 2,4-DB. When applied in combination with clethodim, pyraclostrobin often reduced goosegrass and large crabgrass control compared with clethodim only. Pyraclostrobin did not impact efficacy of sethoxydim in most instances. Dimethenamid-P and S-metolachlor did not negatively affect efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim. The impact of 2,4-DB on efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim was inconsistent. The magnitude of adverse impact on graminicides (clethodim and sethoxydim) performance did not exceed 19% and was caused primarily by pyraclostrobin. Conversely, increased efficacy of graminicides caused by chloroacetamide herbicides did not exceed 14%. Graminicides and chloroacetamide herbicides changed solution pH from slightly acidic to highly acidic. Several combinations of clethodim and sethoxydim produced temporary precipitates but no permanent precipitates. Results from these experiments suggest that applying tank mixtures containing up to four chemical components will not dramatically reduce control of emerged annual grasses in peanut.
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Tredaway, Joyce A., Michael G. Patterson, and Glenn R. Wehtje. "Interaction of Clethodim with Pyrithiobac and Bromoxynil Applied in Low Volume." Weed Technology 12, no. 1 (March 1998): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00042779.
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Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the interaction of clethodim sprayed in low volume with pyrithiobac or bromoxynil and to determine the influence of these mixtures on large crabgrass control. A low-volume, air-assisted spraying system was calibrated to deliver 26 L/ha and was compared to a conventional hydraulic fan spraying system calibrated to deliver 140 L/ha. Greenhouse data indicated that carrier volume had no effect on large crabgrass control with clethodim. The addition of pyrithiobac to clethodim in mixture was antagonistic compared to control with clethodim applied alone. The addition of bromoxynil to clethodim in mixture was synergistic. Field studies showed similar results.
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McMullan, P. M. "Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Clethodim or Quizalofop Efficacy and the Role of Ultraviolet Light." Weed Technology 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039701.
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Research was conducted at two sites during 1991 and 1993 at Brandon, MB to determine if sodium bicarbonate antagonizes clethodim or quizalofop efficacy and if ultraviolet light is a factor in any antagonism. Sodium bicarbonate in the spray solution reduced the efficacy of clethodim. However, removal of ultraviolet light partially reversed sodium bicarbonate antagonism of clethodim activity with all adjuvants except crop oil concentrate with or without ammonium sulfate. Amigo, crop oil concentrate plus ammonium sulfate, and Merge were the most effective adjuvants for clethodim with distilled water. However, only the adjuvant crop oil concentrate plus ammonium sulfate overcame sodium bicarbonate antagonism of clethodim. Enhance increased the activity of clethodim when sodium bicarbonate was present in the spray solution but overall was not as effective an adjuvant as crop oil concentrate plus ammonium sulfate. Sodium bicarbonate in the spray solution did not reduce quizalofop efficacy.
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Ruffner, Marvin E., and Thomas G. Barnes. "Natural Grassland Response to Herbicides and Application Timing for Selective Control of Tall Fescue, an Invasive Cool-Season Grass." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 3 (November 2010): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-019.1.
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AbstractNatural grasslands are one of the most threatened ecosystems in North America. Conservation efforts are often hampered by exotic plant invasions in existing remnant natural grasslands. Tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix(Scop.) Holub.] is an introduced cool-season (C3) forage/turf grass which readily invades natural grasslands in Kentucky and neighboring states. Our study objectives were to (1) compare the efficacy and application timing effect of clethodim to that of imazapic to selectively remove tall fescue from natural grasslands and (2) evaluate the response of the nontarget grassland plant community (i.e., native grass and forb canopy cover) following herbicide treatments. Clethodim and imazapic treatments consisted of early (April 4, 2001) and late (April 20, 2001) applications, and these were applied at 0.23 and 0.21 kg ai ha−1, respectively. Both herbicides reduced tall fescue cover (P ≤ 0.05); herbicide application timing had no effect on herbicide efficacy to control tall fescue. Native grass cover was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in all herbicide-treated plots compared to the untreated controls, except for the late clethodim-treated plots. All herbicide treatments increased forb abundance compared to controls. Spring applications of clethodim were equally effective to those of imazapic at controlling tall fescue in natural grasslands. Imazapic released native grasses better than clethodim, whereas clethodim was better at increasing forb abundance. Furthermore, early clethodim treatments had fewer nontarget effects on native C4grasses compared to late clethodim treatments. Overall, clethodim shows promise as a beneficial management tool for tall fescue control in C4-dominated natural grasslands.
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Perkins, Clay M., Thomas C. Mueller, and Lawrence E. Steckel. "Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) control with sequential applications of glyphosate and clethodim to dicamba." Weed Technology 35, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2021.31.
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AbstractJunglerice is becoming more prevalent in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi row crop fields. The evolution of glyphosate-resistant (GR) junglerice populations is one reason for the increase. Another possible explanation is that glyphosate and clethodim grass activity is being antagonized by dicamba. This question has led to research to examine whether sequential applications alleviate antagonism observed with dicamba plus glyphosate and/or clethodim mixtures and determine whether sequential treatments with those herbicides at 24 h, 72 h, or 168 h can improve junglerice control. Glyphosate + clethodim applications provided >90% junglerice control. The observed levels of antagonism varied by whether the location of the test was in the greenhouse or the field, and the timing of applications. In the greenhouse, clethodim + dicamba provided excellent control, whereas in the field, the same treatment showed a greater than 30% reduction in junglerice control compared with clethodim alone. However, control was restored by using a mixture of glyphosate + clethodim without dicamba. The environment at the time of application and relative GR level of the junglerice influenced the overall control of these sequential applications. When clethodim applied first followed by dicamba at 72 h or 168 h, better control was observed compared with applying dicamba followed by clethodim. Overall, mixing glyphosate + clethodim provided the most complete junglerice control regardless of timing. These data confirm that leaving dicamba out of the spray tank will mitigate herbicide antagonism on junglerice control. These data would also indicate that avoiding dicamba and glyphosate mixtures will also improve the consistency of control with glyphosate-susceptible junglerice.
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Culpepper, A. Stanley, David L. Jordan, Alan C. York, Frederick T. Corbin, and Yvonna Sheldon. "Influence of Adjuvants and Bromoxynil on Absorption of Clethodim." Weed Technology 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00046169.
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The effect of nonionic surfactant, crop oil concentrate, organosilicone surfactant, methylated seed oil, and a blend of organosilicone surfactant and methylated seed oil on absorption of14C-clethodim was evaluated in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Absorption of14C-label was greatest during the first 40 min after application when14C-clethodim was applied with methylated seed oil or a blend of methylated seed oil and organosilicone surfactant. These adjuvants increased the rate of absorption more than crop oil concentrate, organosilicone surfactant, or nonionic surfactant. Crop oil concentrate was more effective than organosilicone or nonionic surfactant in increasing absorption, with nonionic surfactant being more effective than organosilicone surfactant. These results generally agreed with the order of increasing efficacy of clethodim on barnyardgrass as affected by adjuvants in field experiments. Another study was conducted to determine the effect of bromoxynil on absorption and translocation of14C-clethodim in yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca). Bromoxynil reduced absorption of14C–clethodim 4, 8, and 24 h after application and also reduced the amount of14C-label translocated from the treated leaf. These data suggest that antagonism of clethodim control of yellow foxtail by bromoxynil observed in previous research can be attributed partially to decreased absorption and translocation of clethodim.
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Terry, Ryan M., Paul T. Marquardt, James J. Camberato, and William G. Johnson. "Effect of Plant Nitrogen Concentration on the Response of Glyphosate-Resistant Corn Hybrids and Their Progeny to Clethodim and Glufosinate." Weed Science 60, no. 1 (March 2012): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00117.1.
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Rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn hybrids has led to the reemergence of volunteer corn as a problematic weed in soybean and has made controlling the initial stand of corn in a replant situation more difficult. If volunteer corn in soybean or the initial corn stand in a replant situation is not controlled, yield loss can occur. Clethodim and glufosinate are often used to control GR corn in corn replant situations and in soybean. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the response of two hybrid corn varieties and their F2progeny to clethodim and glufosinate and to evaluate the effect of plant nitrogen (N) concentration on clethodim and glufosinate efficacy. First, a dose-response study was conducted with clethodim and glufosinate on DeKalb 60-18 and 60-18F2, and DeKalb 63-42 and 63-42F2to compare the response of the hybrids and their F2progeny to the herbicides. DeKalb 63-42 was more tolerant to clethodim than 60-18 and 60-18F2. No differences were found between the hybrids and their respective F2progeny in the response to clethodim or glufosinate. In a second dose-response study assessing the effect of N conditions on herbicide efficacy, both clethodim and glufosinate were less injurious to plants growing in low N than in high N availability.
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Chahal, Gurinderbir S., David L. Jordan, Barbara B. Shew, Rick L. Brandenburg, James D. Burton, David Danehower, and Peter M. Eure. "Influence of Selected Fungicides on Efficacy of Clethodim and 2,4-DB." Peanut Science 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps11-14.1.
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Abstract A range of fungicides and herbicides can be applied to control pests and optimize peanut yield. Experiments were conducted in North Carolina to define biological and physicochemical interactions when clethodim and 2,4-DB were applied alone or with selected fungicides. Pyraclostrobin consistently reduced large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control by clethodim. Chlorothalonil and tebuconazole plus trifloxystrobin reduced large crabgrass control by clethodim in two of four experiments while prothioconazole plus tebuconazole and flutriafol did not affect control. Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats] control by 2,4-DB was not affected by these fungicides. Although differences in spray solution pH were noted among mixtures of clethodim plus crop oil concentrate or 2,4-DB and fungicides, the range of pH was 4.40 to 4.92 and 6.72 to 7.20, respectively, across sampling times of 0, 6, 24, and 72 h after solution preparation. Permanent precipitates were formed when clethodim, crop oil concentrate, and chlorothalonil were co-applied at each sampling interval. Permanent precipitates were not observed when clethodim and crop oil concentrate were included with other fungicides or when 2,4-DB was mixed with fungicides. Significant positive correlations were noted for Palmer amaranth control by 2,4-DB and solution pH but not for clethodim and solution pH.
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Siddiqui, Sazada, and Sulaiman Alrumman. "Cytological changes induced by clethodim in Pisum sativum plant." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 2 (September 20, 2020): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i2.49318.
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Effects of clethodim treatment on mitotic cells of P. sativum were studied in the present investigation. Pisum sativum seeds are treated with different concentrations of clethodim varying from 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04% for 1 and 2 hrs and their effect on seed germination, radicle length, mitotic index and chromosomal anomalies were investigated. The outcomes reveal that treatment of clethodim on P. sativum seeds diminishes seed germination, radicle length, and mitotic index in dose-dependent manner. Also, in clethodim treated seeds which are time and concentration dependent, an escalation in the proportion of abnormal mitotic phases was observed. C-mitosis, fragments, precocious separation, stickiness and bridges were the most frequently observed deviations. The results revealed that frequently used herbicide clethodim has a substantial cytotoxic effect on P. sativum.
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Wang, Fei, Guoqiang Yang, Jin Xu, Weiwei Yu, Lihong Shi, Song Zeng, Lingzhu Chen, Deyu Hu, and Kankan Zhang. "Simultaneous determination and method validation of clethodim and its metabolites clethodim sulfoxide and clethodim sulfone in tobacco by LC-MS/MS." Biomedical Chromatography 32, no. 4 (December 8, 2017): e4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4148.
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Bridges, David C. "Adjuvant and pH Effects on Sethoxydim and Clethodim Activity on Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)." Weed Technology 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032905.
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Rhizome johnsongrass control with sethoxydim and clethodim was evaluated with the addition of three adjuvants: Agrioil3, BAS8153, and Li7003. Johnsongrass control was similar with the three adjuvants when either sethoxydim or clethodim was applied alone, but when bentazon was added, johnsongrass control declined with both sethoxydim and clethodim. Control generally declined less with BAS815 than with Agrioil or Li700, but the addition of BAS815 did not completely reverse the effects of adding bentazon to sethoxydim or clethodim. Johnsongrass control was not affected by adjusting pH when sethoxydim or clethodim was applied with bentazon and Agrioil. Johnsongrass control over a pH range of 3.5 to 6.5 via the addition of glacial acetic acid and calcium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide indicated a lack of pH dependence for these herbicides. The addition of ammonium hydroxide resulted in slight, but inconsistent increases in johnsongrass control.
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Oliveira, Guilherme Mendes Pio de, Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e. Silva, and Giliardi Dalazen. "ACCase inhibitor fractionation and glyphosate addition improve perennial sourgrass control." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 657–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p657.
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Glyphosate-resistant sourgrass is difficult to control, particularly when perennial, and strategies that improve the control efficiency against this grass and preserve the useful life of graminicides are warranted. Therefore, the present study aimed to answer the following questions: (i) Does fractionating the doses of ACCase inhibitors improve the control of perennial sourgrass? (ii) Does alternating the chemical groups cyclohexanediones (DIMs) and aryloxyphenoxypropanoates (FOPs) improve the control of perennial sourgrass, and does the order of their application affect sourgrass control efficiency? (iii) Does the addition of glyphosate to ACCase inhibitors improve to the control of perennial sourgrass resistant to 5-enol-pyruvyl-shiquime-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors? Two field experiments (I and II) were performed in 2018 and repeated in 2019. In experiment I, the treatments included a single or fractional application clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (216 + 108 g a.i. ha-1), clethodim (216 g a.i. ha-1), and quizalofop-P-tefuryl (108 g a.i. ha-1), applied in the order of clethodim followed by quizalofop-P-tefuryl and vice versa, as well as a control treatment. In experiment II, the treatments included a single or fractional application of clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (216 + 108 g a.i. ha-1) and clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or associated with glyphosate, as well as a control treatment. In both experiments, the interval between the fractional applications was 7 days. Percentage of control, number of tillers per plant, and height of sourgrass plants were determined. Compared with the unfractionated application, the fractionation of clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl and clethodim increased control by respectively 20-24 and 25-30%. Fractionated clethodim has greater
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Betto, Alan Serafini, Rafael Dysarz, Rafaela Cinelli, Rubens Antonio Polito, Tamara Heck, and Anderson Luis Nunes. "New Formulation of Clethodim/Adjuvant at Control of Grass Weeds for Soybean Crops." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 4 (July 20, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i4.17036.
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The use of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides without the correct addition of an adjuvant is a major cause of inefficient poaceous weed control. As such, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of a new clethodim/adjuvant formulated mixture in postemergence weed control for soybean crops. Two field experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 growing seasons. A randomized block design, consisting of ten treatments with four repetitions, was used. The treatments and doses were: clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1) + Lanzar® (0.5%), clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1) + Nimbus® (0.5%), clethodim/adjuvant formulation at doses of (84 g a.i. ha-1), (96 g a.i. ha-1), (108 g a.i. ha-1), (120 g a.i. ha-1), (132 g a.i. ha-1), and (144 g a.i. ha-1), and a control with and without weeding. The formulated clethodim/adjuvant mixture showed high control at 7 days after application (DAA) in the 2015/16 growing season. At 28 DAA, formulation doses of 108 g a.i. ha-1 and higher exhibited superior weed control and the highest crop yields. Therefore, the use of correct adjuvant or formulated mixture is essential to increase the efficiency of clethodim herbicide.
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Saini, Rupinder Kaur, Samuel G. L. Kleemann, Christopher Preston, and Gurjeet S. Gill. "Alternative Herbicides for the Management of Clethodim-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Faba Bean (Vicia fabaL.) in Southern Australia." Weed Technology 29, no. 3 (September 2015): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00143.1.
Full textAbstract:
Two field experiments were conducted during 2012 and 2013 at Roseworthy, South Australia to identify effective herbicide options for the management of clethodim-resistant rigid ryegrass in faba bean. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance in both field populations (B3, 2012 and E2, 2013) to clethodim and butroxydim. Sequencing of the target site of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase gene in both populations identified an aspartate-2078-glycine mutation. Although resistance of B3 and E2 populations to clethodim was similar (16.5- and 21.4-fold more resistant than the susceptible control SLR4), the B3 population was much more resistant to butroxydim (7.13-fold) than E2 (2.24-fold). Addition of butroxydim to clethodim reduced rigid ryegrass plant density 60 to 80% and seed production 71 to 88% compared with the standard grower practice of simazine PPI plus clethodim POST. Clethodim + butroxydim combination had the highest grain yield of faba bean (980 to 2,400 kg ha−1). Although propyzamide and pyroxasulfone plus triallate PPI provided the next highest levels of rigid ryegrass control (< 60%), these treatments were more variable and unable to reduce seed production (6,354 to 13,570 seeds m−2) to levels acceptable for continuous cropping systems.
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Barroso, A. L. L., H. A. Dan, S. O. Procópio, R. E. B. Toledo, C. R. Sandaniel, G. B. P. Braz, and K. L. Cruvinel. "Eficácia de herbicidas inibidores da ACCase no controle de gramíneas em lavouras de soja." Planta Daninha 28, no. 1 (2010): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582010000100018.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficácia de herbicidas inibidores da ACCase, aplicados isoladamente ou em associações, no controle das espécies de plantas daninhas pertencentes à família das gramíneas Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria ciliaris, Eleusine indica, Brachiaria plantaginea e Cenchrus echinatus, na cultura da soja. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: clethodim (84 g ha-1), clethodim + quizalofop-p-ethyl (48 + 40 g ha-1), [clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl] (50 + 50 g ha-1), sethoxydim (230 g ha-1), tepraloxydim (100 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1), haloxyfop-methyl (60 g ha-1) e testemunha sem herbicida. A convivência das plantas de soja com as gramíneas infestantes resultou em perda significativa na produtividade de grãos. Os melhores níveis de controle de B. decumbens foram verificados com a utilização de haloxyfop-methyl. Tepraloxydim pode ser considerado seletivo a B. decumbens. Nenhum tratamento proporcionou controle final de D. ciliaris superior a 90%, porém menor eficiência foi verificada quando se aplicaram sethoxydim e fluazifop-p-butyl. Apenas os tratamentos sethoxydim e [clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl] não mostraram controle satisfatório de E. indica. B. plantaginea foi a espécie mais facilmente controlada pelos herbicidas avaliados; no entanto, haloxyfop-methyl, tepraloxydim, clethodim e [clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl] se destacaram no controle dessa invasora. A adição de quizalofop-p-ethyl ao clethodim proporcionou incremento significativo no controle de C. echinatus. Também os herbicidas haloxyfop-methyl e tepraloxydim apresentaram controle satisfatório dessa espécie daninha.
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Lancaster, Sarah H., David L. Jordan, and P. Dewayne Johnson. "Influence of Graminicide Formulation on Compatibility with Other Pesticides." Weed Technology 22, no. 4 (December 2008): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-07-067.1.
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Experiments were conducted from 2003 through 2006 to compare annual grass control by graminicides applied alone or with other pesticides and to determine whether graminicide formulation affected annual grass control and interactions with co-applied pesticides. Formulation and rate had no affect on broadleaf signalgrass or large crabgrass control by clethodim. The efficacy of clethodim in tank mixtures with acifluorfen plus bentazon, bentazon, chlorothalonil, imazapic, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole were not affected by clethodim formulation. Broadleaf signalgrass and large crabgrass control by clethodim was slightly reduced by acifluorfen plus bentazon, chlorothalonil, imazapic, and pyraclostrobin, but not by tebuconazole. Chlorothalonil and pyraclostrobin reduced broadleaf signalgrass control with quizalofop-P but did not reduce fall panicum control. Azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and tebuconazole did not affect efficacy of quizalofop-P.
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Falb, Linford N., David C. Bridges, and Albert E. Smith. "Separation of Clethodim Herbicide from Acid and Photodegradation Products by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 6 (November 1, 1991): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.6.999.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Clethodim, (E,E)-(±)-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy]lmino] propyl]-5[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one, is stable in acetonitrlie, but the Inclusion of water induced degradation in the dark. Addition of acetic acid to the mobile phase did not increase degradation; however, it did improve peak symmetry and liquid chromatographic (LC) separation, with the optimum resolution at 0.75% acetic acid. The extinction coefficient for clethodim at 254 nm did not change in acetonitrlie with addition of water or acetic acid. The LC detector responded linearly to clethodim in the 0.7-400 ppm range. Separate solvent gradient programs (40 min each) were developed for separation of acid degradation products (ADPs) and the photodegradation products (PDPs). The inclusion of cobalt or silver nitrate to the mobile phase did not improve separations. A minimum of 31 and 19 products formed during photolytic and hydrolytic degradation of clethodim, respectively. PDPs were more polar than ADPs. Reproducibility of this method was considered to be acceptable for separation of ADPs and PDPs of clethodim.
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Lancaster, Sarah H., David L. Jordan, Alan C. York, John W. Wilcut, David W. Monks, and Rick L. Brandenburg. "Interactions of Clethodim and Sethoxydim with Selected Agrichemicals Applied to Peanut." Weed Technology 19, no. 2 (June 2005): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-232r.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 2002 and 2003 to evaluate broadleaf signalgrass and large crabgrass control by clethodim and sethoxydim applied in two-, three-, or four-way mixtures with fungicides, insecticides, and foliar fertilizer–plant growth regulator treatments. Broadleaf signalgrass and large crabgrass control by clethodim and sethoxydim was not reduced by the insecticides esfenvalerate, indoxacarb, or lambda-cyhalothrin. The fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole reduced large crabgrass control by clethodim or sethoxydim in one or more of three experiments for each herbicide. Disodium octaborate and the plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium plus urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) mixed with clethodim and fungicides improved large crabgrass control in some experiments. In contrast, prohexadione calcium plus UAN and disodium octaborate did not affect broadleaf signalgrass or large crabgrass control by sethoxydim.
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Burke, Ian C., Walter E. Thomas, James D. Burton, Janet F. Spears, and John W. Wilcut. "A Seedling Assay to Screen Aryloxyphenoxypropionic Acid and Cyclohexanedione Resistance in Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)." Weed Technology 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-160.1.
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A seedling bioassay was developed for the rapid diagnosis of resistance to clethodim and fluazifop-P in johnsongrass. The assay was based on differences in the coleoptile length of susceptible (S) and resistant (R) seedlings exposed to clethodim and fluazifop-P in petri dishes for 5 d. Bioassay concentrations of 0.09 mg/L clethodim and 0.18 mg/L fluazifop-P were chosen as discriminant based on rate responses of each biotype to increasing herbicide dose. At 5 d after treatment (DAT), the amounts of clethodim required to reduce coleoptile length by 50% (GR50) for the R and S seedlings were 462.5 and 24.8 mg/L, respectively, resulting in an R:S ratio of 18.7. The fluazifopGR50values for the R and S seedlings were 618.7 and 17.5 mg/L, respectively, resulting in a R:S ratio of 35.4.
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Kuhns, Larry J., and Tracey L. Harpster. "Tolerance of Fine Fescues to Clethodim." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 429E—429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.429e.
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Fine fescues are immune to two common graminicides, fluazifop-p-butyl and sethoxydim. This study was initiated to determine the tolerance of three fine fescues; chewings, hard, and creeping red, to clethodim alone or with a crop oil concentrate (COC) or non-ionic surfactant (NIS). Clethodim at 0.25 or 1.0 lb/a was applied on 23 Oct. 1995 and evaluated on 22 May and 9 July 1996. Clethodim at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 lb/a, was applied on 31 May and evaluated on 9 July 1996. Applied in the fall at 0.25 lb/a alone or with NIS, clethodim had little effect on chewings or creeping red fescue. Some injury to hard fescue was evident on 22 May, but it recovered by 9 July. The addition of COC resulted in moderate injury to all three species, with only partial recovery by 9 July. Severe injury of all species from clethodim applied at 1 lb/a was evident on 22 May. The amount of recovery that occurred by 9 July was dependent on the spray additive used. With none, all of the grasses recovered fairly well. With NIS, moderate injury to hard fescue persisted; and with COC, unacceptable injury to all species persisted. Similar results were obtained when the treatments were applied in the spring. The 0.5 lb/a rate caused an intermediate degree of injury. Though none of the clethodim treatments totally killed any of the fine fescues, unacceptable injury was caused by the 0.5 and 1.0 lb/a rates, regardless of additive, and by the 0.25 lb/a + COC treatment.
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Santos, Bárbara Suellen de Almeida, Abílio Felipe Oliveira Lopes, Guilherme Mendes Pio de Oliveira, and Giliardi Dalazen. "Control of volunteer corn with rates of post-emergent ACCase inhibitors applied at different phenological stages." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n5.a393.
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The occurrence of volunteer corn (Zea maysL.) has been common in Brazilian crops due to the adoption of a succession of soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merrill) and corn resistant to glyphosate. The aim of this work was to evaluate the control of volunteer corn using different rates of acetyl-CoAcarboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors herbicides at different phenological stages. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design. The experiment was organized in a factorial scheme (3x7x2) with three herbicides (clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuryl and clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl) applied atseven rates [0; 25; 50; 100; 200; 400 and 800 mL of commercial product (C.P.) ha-1], andat two corn phenological stages (V3 and V6). Visual control (%) assessments were carried out at 14, 21 and 28 days after application of treatments (DAT) and shoot dry mass (SDM) at 28 DAT. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and to complementary analysis by logistic regression adjustment. For allherbicides, the control of volunteer corn was greater at V3 stage, requiring lower rates compared to V6. Complete visual control of volunteer corn plants at V3 was obtained with rates of 25 mL C.P. ha-1for all herbicides evaluated, corresponding to 6, 3 and 6 + 3 g a.i. ha-1of clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuryl and clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl, respectively. For V6 application, 400 mL C.P. ha-1of clethodim (equivalent to 96 g a.i. ha-1) and 100 mL C.P. ha-1of quizalofop-P-tefuryl (equivalent to 12 g a.i. ha-1) and clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (equivalent to 24 + 12 g a.i. ha-1) were necessary to achieve 100% of plant mortality. Thus, the efficiency of clethodim was more dependent on the stage of application compared to others herbicides, requiring higher rates to achieve complete control of volunteer corn at V6.
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Saini, Rupinder Kaur, Jenna Malone, Christopher Preston, and Gurjeet Gill. "Target Enzyme-Based Resistance to Clethodim inLolium rigidumPopulations in Australia." Weed Science 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-14-00176.1.
Full textAbstract:
Clethodim resistance was identified in 12 rigid ryegrass populations from winter cropping regions in four different states of Australia. Clethodim had failed to provide effective control of these populations in the field and resistance was suspected. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance to clethodim and butroxydim in all populations. During 2012, the LD50of resistant populations ranged from 10.2 to 89.3 g ha−1, making them 3 to 34–fold more resistant to clethodim than the susceptible population. Similarly, GR50of resistant population varied from 8 to 37.1 g ha−1, which is 3 to 13.9–fold higher than the susceptible population. In 2013, clethodim-resistant populations were 7.8 to 35.3–fold more resistant to clethodim than the susceptible population. The higher resistance factor in 2013, especially in moderately resistant populations, could have been associated with lower ambient temperatures during the winter of 2013. These resistant populations had also evolved cross-resistance to butroxydim. The resistant populations required 1.3 to 6.6–fold higher butroxydim dose to achieve 50% mortality and 3 to 27–fold more butroxydim for 50% biomass reduction compared to the standard susceptible population. Sequencing of the target-site ACCase gene identified five known ACCase substitutions (isoleucine-1781-leucine, isoleucine-2041-asparagine, aspartate-2078-glycine, and cysteine-2088-arginine, and glycine-2096-alanine) in these populations. In nine populations, multiple ACCase mutations were present in different individuals. Furthermore, two alleles with different mutations were present in a single plant of rigid ryegrass in two populations.
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Taverner, James, Jeffrey S. Beasley, Ronald E. Strahan, James L. Griffin, and Steven M. Borst. "Selective Postemergence Herbicide Control of Torpedograss in Centipedegrass." Weed Technology 25, no. 2 (June 2011): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-09-00030.1.
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Torpedograss infestation in centipedegrass has reduced centipedegrass quality in home lawns along the Gulf Coast. This study was conducted to evaluate three selective postemergence herbicides. Field trials were conducted at two sites in Louisiana to evaluate quinclorac, sethoxydim, and clethodim applied once or sequentially every 4 wk for selective torpedograss control in centipedegrass turf. Herbicides were applied to mixed stands of torpedograss/centipedegrass at two locations in Louisiana and evaluated for changes in torpedograss coverage and centipedegrass injury every 2 wk for 16 wk. All herbicides controlled torpedograss more with each sequential application. Sethoxydim and clethodim applied three times reduced torpedograss cover 84 and 87%, respectively, and more than quinclorac 12 wk after initial treatment (WAIT). Increasing clethodim or sethoxydim rates did not improve torpedograss control. Torpedograss regrowth occurred within weeks after final herbicide applications regardless of herbicide. Only multiple clethodim applied at twice manufacturer's labeled rate or quinclorac applications resulted in commercially unacceptable (> 25%) injury to centipedegrass. Multiple sethoxydim or clethodim applications at 0.32 kg ha−1or 0.30 kg ha−1every 4 wk reduced torpedograss competitiveness in centipedegrass; however, multiple applications for more than 1 yr might be necessary to achieve torpedograss control.
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Jordan, David L., P. Roy Vidrine, James L. Griffin, and Daniel B. Reynolds. "Influence of Adjuvants on Efficacy of Clethodim." Weed Technology 10, no. 4 (December 1996): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00040744.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments evaluated barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and rhizomatous johnsongrass control with clethodim applied with Agri-Dex® crop oil concentrate at 1.0% v/v, the adjuvant Dash® at 1.0% v/v, the methylated seed oil Sun-It II® at 1.0% v/v, a blend of silicone surfactant plus methylated seed oil (Dyne-Amic® at 0.5% v/v) or nonionic surfactant (Kinetic® HV at 0.125% v/v), two silicone surfactants (Sylgard® 309 and Silwet L-77® surfactant) at 0.125% v/v, two other conventional nonionic surfactants (Latron AG-98™ and Induce®) at 0.25% v/v, and the acidified soya phospholipid LI-700®. When compared with the conventional nonionic or silicone-based surfactants and LI-700, clethodim at 70 g ai/ha controlled barnyardgrass more effectively when applied with Dash or Sun-It II. Broadleaf signalgrass and rhizomatous johnsongrass were controlled more effectively when clethodim was applied with Agri-Dex, Dash, Sun-It II, or Dyne-Amic. Clethodim at 70 g/ha applied with Dash or Sun-It II controlled grasses equally or greater than clethodim at 140 g/ha.
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Carey, Victor F., Roy J. Smith, and Ronald E. Talbert. "Reduced and Standard Herbicide Rates for Grass Control in Rice (Oryza sativa)." Weed Technology 6, no. 2 (June 1992): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034965.
Full textAbstract:
Field research was conducted in 1988 and 1989 to compare effects of clethodim, fenoxaprop, haloxyfop, and sethoxydim each applied singly and sequentially at full (1X) and reduced (0.5X) rates on barnyardgrass, bearded sprangletop, and rice. A tank-mixture of propanil plus thiobencarb (2.2 + 2.2 kg ha–1) applied sequentially was included as a standard treatment. Control of barnyardgrass and bearded sprangletop was equal to that of the standard treatment both years with 1X rates of clethodim and fenoxaprop, and with 0.5X rates of clethodim, fenoxaprop, and sethoxydim each applied after propanil; rice so treated produced high grain yields. In 1988, severe rice injury occurred after the second application of clethodim at the 0.5X rate, but rice recovered. Grass control costs were reduced 57% with a single application of fenoxaprop at the 1X rate compared with the standard treatment, but net returns were not different.
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Culpepper, A. Stanley, Alan C. York, Katherine M. Jennings, and Roger B. Batts. "Interaction of Bromoxynil and Postemergence Graminicides on Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)." Weed Technology 12, no. 3 (September 1998): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00044304.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of bromoxynil on large crabgrass control by clethodim, sethoxydim, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P, and quizalofop-P was evaluated in 1996 and 1997 in bromoxynil-tolerant cotton and in fallow areas. Bromoxynil at 560 g ai/ha reduced large crabgrass control 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) when mixed with labeled rates of fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P, or quizalofop-P. Control 9 WAT was reduced when bromoxynil was mixed with any of the graminicides. Antagonism with the mixtures was greatest with quizalofop-P, intermediate with fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P and fluazifop-P, and least with clethodim and sethoxydim. Increasing the graminicide rate 50% in mixtures with bromoxynil alleviated antagonism only for clethodim. No antagonism was noted 9 WAT when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before or 3 d after application of clethodim or sethoxydim or when bromoxynil was applied 3 d after fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P. Antagonism was observed when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P or when applied 3 d before or 3 d after fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P. Regardless of bromoxynil application, greatest yields were obtained from cotton treated with clethodim or sethoxydim. Bromoxynil applied 3 d before or 3 d after clethodim, sethoxydim, or fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop-P did not reduce yield. Yield was reduced when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before or 3 d after application of fluazifop-P or quizalofop-P and when bromoxynil was mixed with any graminicide.
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Schneider, Theodoro, Leandro Vargas, and Dirceu Agostinetto. "Controle alternativo de biótipos de azevém resistentes ao clethodim." Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2015): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.7824/rbh.v14i3.424.
Full textAbstract:
O azevém é uma planta daninha de ciclo anual, presente em lavouras de inverno, em pomares e vinhedos da região Sul do Brasil. A espécie é normalmente controlada pelo herbicida clethodim, no entanto, o uso continuado desse produto selecionou biótipos resistentes. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a resposta de populações de azevém resistentes ao clethodim a aplicação de herbicidas de diferentes mecanismos de ação, e propor alternativas de controle químico. Um experimento foi realizado em Coqueiros do Sul, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: nicosulfuron (60 e 120 gi.a.ha-1), iodosulfuron-metílico (6 e 12 g i.a.ha-1), paraquat (400 e 800 g i.a. ha-1), amônio-glufosinato (600 e 1200 g i.a. ha-1), clomazone (750 e 1500 g i.a. ha-1), tembotrione (100 e 200 g i.a. ha-1), clethodim (144 e 288 g i.a. ha-1), haloxifop-methyl (60 e 120 g i.a. ha-1) e uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. Os herbicidas tembotrione, nicosulfuron, iodosulfuron-metílico, clomazone, clethodim e haloxifop-methyl não foram eficientes no controle de azevém. Todavia, somente os herbicidas paraquat e amônio-glufosinato causaram o controle da planta daninha e podem ser utilizados no controle de populações de azevém resistentes ao herbicida clethodim.
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Becker, Andreos Dos Santos, Henrique Fabricio Placido, Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht, and Weslei Gomes Dos Santos. "Efeito residual de clethodim aplicado em pré-semeadura do milho." Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas 18, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.7824/rbh.v18i1.635.
Full textAbstract:
O Brasil é um dos poucos países onde é possível realizar mais de uma safra no mesmo ano agrícola, sendo a sucessão soja-milho praticada por grande parte dos produtores. Este sistema cultural proporcionou a seleção de plantas daninhas resistentes à herbicidas, principalmente pela utilização de herbicidas com mesmo mecanismo de ação em sucessivos cultivos. Neste cenário, novas estratégias de manejo devem ser adotadas, como aplicações de herbicidas em pré-semeadura do milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de períodos de aplicação de clethodim em pré-semeadura, sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de híbridos de milho. Para tal, avaliou-se o efeito residual de clethodim sobre híbridos 2B810 Power Core, Status Viptera 3, Dekalb 340 VT PRO2 com aplicação de clethodim 196,80 g L-1 i.a. aos 15, 10, 5, 3 e 1 dias antecedendo a semeadura (DAS) do milho e uma testemunha sem aplicação. As variáveis analisadas foram: emergência, altura de plantas, índice de clorofila falker, diâmetro de colmo, acúmulo de matéria fresca e seca. A aplicação de clethodim 1 dia antecedendo a semeadura afetou negativamente a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial dos híbridos de milho avaliados. Os híbridos apresentaram suscetibilidade diferencial ao residual de clethodim para as variáveis emergência, acúmulo de matéria fresca e acúmulo de matéria seca.
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McWhorter, Chester G., William L. Barrentine, and James E. Hanks. "Postemergence Grass Control with Herbicides Applied at ULV in Paraffinic Oil." Weed Technology 6, no. 2 (June 1992): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034709.
Full textAbstract:
Variables affecting ultra-low-volume (ULV) application of herbicides for postemergence grass control in soybeans were evaluated in field experiments from 1988 to 1990. Air-assist applications of clethodim at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1were compared with 94 and 187 L ha–1applications with a conventional hydraulic sprayer. Rate of herbicide, volume of diluent, type of diluent, air pressure, and four other herbicides were evaluated. Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha–1controlled johnsongrass better 10 wk after treatment than equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha–1in water. At 2.3 L ha–1, barnyardgrass control was improved by applying clethodim in paraffinic oil rather than water. Johnsongrass control 10 wk after treatment was better with clethodim at 28 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil than when applied in soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel. Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPa resulted in better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than higher pressures of 56 and 112 kPa. Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, or sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass when applied in paraffinic oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1with an air-assist sprayer.
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Laca-Buendia, J. P., and Gad Pires. "Avaliação da eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas gramíneas do herbicida clethodim em algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum var. latifolium Hutch.)." Planta Daninha 10, no. 1-2 (1992): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83581992000100005.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de conhecer a eficiência do herbicida clethodim no controle de plantas daninhas gramíneas e seu comportamento seletivo na cultura do algodão, cv. IAC-20, foi instalado um experimento em solo aluvial de textura arenosa. Foram estudados os seguintes tratamentos: clethodim + óleo mineral nas doses de 0,84 0,96 e 0,108 kg/ha + 0,5 % v/v, sethoxydim + óleo mineral a 0,23 kg/ha + 0,5% v/v em pós-emergência, alachlor a 2,4 kg/ha em pós-emergência, trifluralin a 0,89 kg/ha em pós-plantio incorporado, uma testemunha capinada e outra sem capina. As espécies de plantas daninhas mais freqüentes foram: Cenchrus echinatus L. (capim-carrapicho), Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (capim-pé-de-galinha) e Brachiaria plantaginea (Link.) Hitch. (capim-marmelada). Nenhum dos herbicidas testados apresento injúria à cultura. Quanto à produção, esses herbicidas apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação à testemunha capinada (828 kg/ha), sendo que o tratamento com clethodim + óleo mineral a 0,108 kg/ha + 0,5% v/v (528 kg/ha) foi o único que apresentou diferenças significativas com a testemunha sem capina (330 kg/ha). Na altura da planta, a testemunha capinada somente apresentou diferenças significativas em relação ao tratamento com trifluralin e a testemunha sem capina. O carrapicho-de-burro e o capim-pé-de-galinha foram eficientemente controlados pelo clethodim + óleo mineral, em todas as doses estudadas, e sethoxydim + óleo mineral, com controle acima de 80% aos 45 dias da aplicação. O capim-marmelada foi eficientemente controlado pelo clethodim + óleo mineral a 0,096 e 0,108 kg/ha + 0,5% v/v, com 86% e 94%, respectivamente, seguido de sethoxydim + óleo mineral com 83%, e trifluralin com 71% de controle, até 45 dias após aplicação. O total de gramíneas foi eficientemente controlado pelo clethodim + óleo mineral 0,108 kg/ha + 0,5% v/v com 94,2% seguido de clethodim + óleo mineral 0,096 kg/ha + 0,5% v/v, com 85% e sethoxydim + óleo mineral, com 83% de controle, até 45 dias após a aplicação.
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Blackshaw, Robert E., K. Neil Harker, George W. Clayton, and John T. O'Donovan. "Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Clethodim and Quizalofop-P Efficacy on Volunteer Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Technology 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-059r.1.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments were conducted at three locations in 2003 and 2004 to examine clethodim and quizalofop-P efficacy on spring wheat seedlings when applied alone or in tank mixtures with herbicides used to control broadleaf weeds. Clethodim at the recommended rate of 30 g/ha reduced spring wheat biomass by 63 to 98% and was only >90% in three of six site years. In contrast, quizalofop-P at the recommended rate of 36 g/ha reduced wheat biomass >90% in all cases. Clethodim or quizalofop-P could be tank mixed with 2,4-D ester, bromoxynil, or bromoxynil plus MCPA ester with little risk of reduced efficacy on wheat. However, 2,4-D amine was highly antagonistic to both herbicides. The commercial mixture of thifensulfuron plus tribenuron reduced clethodim, but not quizalofop-P, efficacy on wheat. Herbicide options exist for simultaneous control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant canola and glyphosate-resistant wheat if the latter technology were to be commercialized in the future.
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White, Scott N., and Gavin Graham. "Clethodim suppresses hair fescue in lowbush blueberry." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 101, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2020-0266.
Full textAbstract:
Hair fescue (Festuca filiformis Pourr.) is a tuft-forming perennial grass of concern in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) as tufts form dense sods that reduce lowbush blueberry yield and inhibit harvest. Although generally tolerant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, injury to some Festuca spp. following clethodim applications has been reported. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides are important for non-bearing and bearing year perennial grass management in lowbush blueberry but have not been extensively evaluated for hair fescue management. The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the relative efficacy of foramsulfuron, fluazifop-P-butyl, sethoxydim, and clethodim on hair fescue, and (2) determine if foramsulfuron tank mixtures with fluazifop-P-butyl, sethoxydim, and clethodim improve hair fescue suppression. None of the herbicides evaluated caused unacceptable injury to lowbush blueberry. Foramsulfuron (35 g a.i. ha−1) reduced hair fescue total tuft density, flowering tuft density, and flowering tuft inflorescence number. Fluazifop-P-butyl (250 g a.i. ha−1) and sethoxydim (495 g a.i. ha−1) caused variable levels of visual injury to hair fescue and did not reduce total tuft density, flowering tuft density, or flowering tuft inflorescence number. Clethodim (91 g a.i. ha−1), however, caused >50% visual injury to hair fescue and reduced hair fescue total tuft density, flowering tuft density, and flowering tuft inflorescence number. Fluazifop-P-butyl and sethoxydim tank mixtures with foramsulfuron did not increase hair fescue suppression relative to foramsulfuron alone. A foramsulfuron + clethodim tank mixture provided equivalent hair fescue suppression as either herbicide applied alone. Foramsulfuron and clethodim should therefore be used in rotation rather than tank mixture to manage hair fescue in lowbush blueberry.
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Kryukova, Kristina Dmitrievna, and Valeriya Olegovna Gresis. "Differences in biological efficiency of one- and two-component graminicide on sugar beet crops in Tula region." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2021-16-2-129-136.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most urgent tasks in sugar beet production for Russia today is irregularities in cultivation technology and a low-efficiency crop protection. It leads to a high level of weed infestation of agricultural fields. Developing and identifying the most efficient, selective and accessible herbicides, which have low phytotoxicity, do not have a negative effect on soil chemical characteristics and can be used in sugar beet cultivation is relevant today. The aim of this study was to examine and compare biological efficiency of various doses and concentrations of one- and two-component graminicides on sugar beet crops against the following weeds: Cockspur grass Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Wild millet Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. and Couch Grass Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski. The experiment was conducted on the territory of the Tula region in 2020. The total field experiment area was 480 m2. Application of clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (0.5 l/ha) resulted in reducing the number and weight of annual weeds by 6471 %, reducing the number and weight of perennial weeds by 5458 %, which had the same efficiency as clethodim (0.6 l/ha). The efficiency of clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (1.0 l/ha) was higher than Clethodim (0.6 l/ha) and amounted to 7387 % of reduction in the number of weeds compared to the control, but was lower than Clethodim (1.8 l/ha), which resulted in 8995 % reduction in the number of weeds compared to the control. The highest sugar beet yields were obtained in the variants with clethodim (1.8 l/ha) and two-component herbicide (1 l/ha), which amounted to 28 and 25 % yield increase, in comparison with the control.
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Grichar, W. James. "Control of Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) and Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Postemergence Herbicides1." Peanut Science 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-18-1-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Clethodim, cycloxydim, haloxyfop, fluazifop-P, fenoxaprop, and quizalofop were applied early or late postemergence to Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) and southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Clethodim at 0.11 and 0.14 kg/ha, cycloxydim at 0.11 and 0.17, and fluazifop-P at 0.17 and 0.21 kg/ha provided excellent Texas panicum control. Fluazifop-P provided erratic southern crabgrass control, while clethodim, cycloxydim, haloxyfop, fenoxaprop at 0.22 kg/ha, and quizalofop at 0.14 kg/ha provided excellent southern crabgrass control. Yields of peanuts were usually higher following early postemergence application, thus indicating the timing of application is important in improving yields.
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Ivany, Jerry A., and J. Brian Sanderson. "Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) control in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with clethodim." Phytoprotection 84, no. 1 (January 9, 2004): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007442ar.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Potato growers require effective control of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) so as to obtain maximum yield. We examined the effect of different quackgrass growth parameters on effectiveness of clethodim and compared clethodim to selected herbicides. Reduction of the initial top growth of quackgrass with clethodim applied at the five-leaf stage was less than at the three-leaf stage at all rates of application. Shoot regrowth and rhizome production occurred at rates of application from 0.075 to 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 but only to a very minor level at the highest rate of 0.240 kg a.i. ha-1 at either stage of application. Control was not affected by rhizome length with equal reduction in initial growth, regrowth, and rhizome weight obtained on plants grown from two-node and ten-node rhizome pieces at rates of 0.120 kg a.i. ha-1 or higher. Removal of quackgrass shoots 6 hours after treatment resulted in increased regrowth and rhizome weight at all application rates but the response was progressively overcome by increasing the rate of application.The removal of quackgrass shoots 24 or 96 hours after treatment had no adverse effect on reduction in quackgrass growth indicating rapid clethodim translocation in the greenhouse. In the field, clethodim provided greater than 80% control of quackgrass at the three to four-leaf stage with 0.150 kg a.i. ha-1 when used in combination with ammonium sulphate.
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MENDES, RAFAEL ROMERO, HUDSON KAGUEYAMA TAKANO, DENIS FERNANDO BIFFE, JAMIL CONSTANTIN, and RUBEM SILVÉRIO DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR. "INTERVAL BETWEEN SEQUENTIAL HERBICIDE TREATMENTS FOR SOURGRASS MANAGEMENT." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 3 (September 2020): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n301rc.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT More than one herbicide application is usually necessary to manage glyphosate-resistant sourgrass in advanced stages of development efficiently during off-season fallow periods. The objective of this study was to determine the best interval between two sequential applications to control sourgrass, based on the number of days and tiller-height after the first treatment. Two experiments were conducted based on these criteria. Experiment 1 consisted of one application of glyphosate + clethodim (1140 ae ha-1 + 108 g ha-1) followed by glyphosate + clethodim or paraquat (400 g ai ha-1) at an interval of 10, 17, 24, 31, 28, or 45 days. Experiment 2 was conducted with the same herbicide treatments, but using the tiller-height as the criteria for the second application, which were 2-5, 6-10, 11-20, 21-30, and >30 cm. None of the treatments resulted in total sourgrass control during the evaluation period. Overall, treatments with glyphosate + clethodim in the second application were more efficient than paraquat. The most effective interval between sequential applications of glyphosate + clethodim was observed at 17 to 24 days. For paraquat, the best interval for the second application was 6-10 days. The most effective performances based on the tiller-height were found at 620 cm tall for glyphosate + clethodim and 6-10 cm tall for paraquat.
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Almeida do Amarante, Adriana, Mário Antonio Bianchi, Dirceu Agostinetto, Marcio Joel Royer, and Maicon Fernando Schimitz. "CONTROLE QUÍMICO DE CAPIM-RABO-DE-BURRO EM DIFERENTES ESTÁDIOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO." Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas 19, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.7824/rbh.v19i4.726.
Full textAbstract:
O capim-rabo-de-burro é uma Poaceae, considerada planta daninha recente nas lavouras desoja por seus crescentes níveis de infestação e dificuldades de controle. Diante disso,objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência de diferentes doses de herbicidasaplicados isolados ou em associação, no controle de capim-rabo-de-burro em diferentesestádios de aplicação. Foram realizados três experimentos, um em casa de vegetação complantas em estádio inicial de desenvolvimento e dois a campo com touceiras. Os herbicidastestados foram glyphosate; fluazifop; sethoxydim; fenoxaprop; clethodim; quizalofop;haloxyfop; pinoxaden, nicosulfuron; glufosinate e as misturas de glyphosate com clethodim,quizalofop, haloxyfop ou sethoxydim. Os tratamentos com glyphosate, isolado ou emmistura, apresentaram maiores níveis de controle em todos experimentos. Além deglyphosate, glufosinate, clethodim, haloxyfop e sethoxydim foram eficientes no controle decapim-rabo-de-burro nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento. Para manejo de touceiras, osherbicidas glyphosate e haloxyfop isolados demonstraram eficiência superior a 90%independente da dose e clethodim e sethoxydim na dose mais alta. Os herbicidas pinoxadene nicosulfuron não são alternativas para controle de capim-rabo-de-burro.
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Askew, Shawn D., Joe E. Street, and David R. Shaw. "Herbicide Programs for Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)." Weed Technology 12, no. 1 (March 1998): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00042640.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted in 1994 and 1995 at two Mississippi locations to evaluate preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) applications of alachlor, clomazone, SAN 582, metolachlor, pendimethalin, and trifluralin, and postemergence (POST) applications of AC 263,222 and imazethapyr alone or followed by clethodim late postemergence (LPOST) for red rice control in soybean. Applications of 110 g ai/ha clethodim increased red rice control when following any earlier herbicide application at one location that harbored a high natural infestation. In 1 yr at one location, red rice seedhead suppression from PPI and PRE herbicide applications alone was greater than 95% due to high activity from herbicides and drought conditions during red rice seedhead development. Early postemergence (EPOST) applications of 30 g ae/ha AC 263,222 suppressed at least 95% of red rice seedheads, regardless of year, location, or clethodim LPOST application. At one location, any treatment where 110 g/ha clethodim followed an earlier herbicide application suppressed red rice seedheads at least 95%. Compared to the nontreated control, only AC 263,222 injured soybean (30%) and reduced soybean yield (200 kg/ha).
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Corkern, Chris B., Daniel B. Reynolds, P. Roy Vidrine, James L. Griffin, and David L. Jordan. "Bromoxynil Antagonizes Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control with Graminicides." Weed Technology 12, no. 2 (June 1998): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00043694.
Full textAbstract:
Field studies were conducted over 2 yr to evaluate rhizome johnsongrass control with tank mixtures and sequential applications of bromoxynil at 1.7 kg ai/ha and the graminicides clethodim, fluazifop-P, and quizalofop-P. When compared with the graminicide alone, bromoxynil reduced johnsongrass control 28 days after treatment (DAT) 20, 36, and 55% when applied in combination with clethodim, fluazifop-P, and quizalofop-P, respectively. Application of bromoxynil 7, 3, and 1 d before or 1, 3, and 7 d after all graminicides reduced antagonism when compared with the bromoxynil plus graminicide mixtures. Based on johnsongrass control 28 DAT, antagonism was precluded when bromoxynil was applied 3 d before clethodim and 7 d before fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P. Application of bromoxynil 3 and 7 d after quizalofop-P and 7 d after clethodim also precluded antagonism. The antagonistic tank mixtures of bromoxynil and graminicides reduced cotton yield 17% because of reduced johnsongrass control compared with graminicides alone. A 3-d or greater application interval between bromoxynil and the graminicides was necessary to maximize cotton yield.
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Jordan, David L. "Influence of Adjuvants on the Antagonism of Graminicides by Broadleaf Herbicides." Weed Technology 9, no. 4 (December 1995): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00024143.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments evaluated barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and rhizomatous johnsongrass control with sethoxydim, clethodim, fluazifop-P, quizalofop-P, and fenoxaprop applied alone and with bentazon or chlorimuron when crop oil concentrate or BCH 815 was used. Bentazon strongly antagonized sethoxydim and clethodim. BCH 815 partially reduced the antagonism with sethoxydim and clethodim compared with crop oil concentrate. Chlorimuron was most antagonistic towards fluazifop-P, fenoxaprop, and quizalofop-P, and BCH 815 did not reduce antagonism. Additional experiments evaluated Italian ryegrass control with diclofop applied alone and with bromoxynil, metribuzin, 2,4-D amine, or tribenuron plus thifensulfuron with these adjuvants. The amine formulation of 2,4-D and tribenuron plus thifensulfuron reduced Italian ryegrass control with diclofop, irrespective of the adjuvant.
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Vidrine, P. Roy, Daniel B. Reynolds, and David C. Blouin. "Grass Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Graminicides Applied Alone and in Mixtures." Weed Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1995): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00022971.
Full textAbstract:
Field studies were conducted to determine rhizomatous johnsongrass and barnyardgrass control with clethodim, quizalofop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P, sethoxydim, fenoxaprop-ethyl, and quizalofop-P-tefuryl applied alone and with lactofen, imazaquin, chlorimuron, and fomesafen. Graminicides applied alone controlled johnsongrass and barnyardgrass 83 to 99%. Of the graminicides evaluated, clethodim was the most susceptible to decreased grass control in mixture with broadleaf herbicides. Imazaquin and chlorimuron were most antagonistic of the broadleaf herbicides toward the activity of graminicides. Clethodim mixed with imazaquin reduced johnsongrass control as much as 64% and mixed with chlorimuron reduced barnyardgrass control as much as 52%. Quizalofop-P-tefuryl was least affected by broadleaf herbicides and fomesafen was least antagonistic in mixture with graminicides.
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Perkins, Clay M., Thomas C. Mueller, and Lawrence E. Steckel. "Junglerice control with glyphosate and clethodim as influenced by dicamba and 2,4-D mixtures." Weed Technology 35, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2021.5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractJunglerice has become a major weed in the mid-south and other areas of the United States. Glyphosate resistance has been documented in junglerice populations and is part of the reason for the increase in its prevalence. However, reduced junglerice control with glyphosate + dicamba and clethodim + dicamba mixtures has been observed in many production fields where glyphosate resistance has not yet evolved. Therefore, research was conducted to assess reduced junglerice control with glyphosate and clethodim when applied with dicamba. Adding dicamba to the spray tank with glyphosate reduced junglerice control by 27%. Adding dicamba to the spray tank with clethodim reduced junglerice control by 11%. The use of Turbo Teejet Induction (TTI) nozzles reduced junglerice control an additional 8% compared to applications with an air induction extended range (AIXR) nozzle. When a drift reduction agent (DRA) was added to dicamba mixtures with glyphosate or clethodim, junglerice control was reduced 36%. Junglerice control was similar with the glyphosate + dicamba treatment compared to the glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture. There was no interaction between nozzles and herbicide treatment. Regardless of herbicide treatment junglerice control was always lower when applied with the ultracourse TTI nozzle. Many applicators in Tennessee prefer to make one application of glyphosate + dicamba in a mixture to save time (authors’ personal experience). These results show that the addition of dicamba to glyphosate or clethodim applied with labeled nozzles and a DRA results in reduced junglerice control and should be avoided.