Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Clearinghouses (Banking) – United States'
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Economopoulos, Andrew James. "Impact of free banking on the free banking market." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54288.
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This dissertation examines the free banking laws of seven states and the impact of three provisions of the laws on the states' banking experience. In Chapter I, a review of two current theories of the free banking experience is presented. One theory contends that the laws themselves induced the banking experience of the states. The second theory asserts that economic activity induced the banking experience. This study includes a discussion of both theories in the analysis of the provision's effect on the banking experience.
In Chapter II, a simple model of the operations of a free bank is presented. Also, the laws of the seven states that determine the establishment and the operations of a free bank are reviewed. The review reveals that the states enacted similar provisions, but restrictions included in the provisions differ considerably.
In Chapter III, the experiences of the states are examined. The states represent a spectrum of banking experiences. The experiences of each state are characterized by four measures; the entry rate, the failure rate, the below par rate, and the average loss per dollar. Each of these measures reflects a different aspect of banking behavior and each is examined in order to determine the effect of the provision and the effect of economic activity on the behavior of the free banks. The analysis shows that both the provisions and the economic activity influence bank behavior.
In Chapter IV, a theoretical analysis of the effect of the stockholders liability provision on entry and on the bank's portfolio is developed. The theory shows that an increase in the stockholders liability of a free bank reduces entry into the free banking market and increases the risky asset-capital ratio of the free bank.
The testing of the theories is presented in Chapter V. The empirical evidence confirms the hypothesis that an increase in the liability of the stockholders increases the risky asset-capital ratio. The evidence does not confirm the hypothesis that an increase in the liability of the stockholder reduces entry.Ph. D.
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McMillan, Fiona Jayne. "Competition, profitability and risk in US banking." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6609.
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This thesis is concerned with the relationships between profit, profit persistence, risk and competition within the US commercial bank sector. In particular, the thesis asks three questions: how profit and profit persistence are affected by changes in regulation designed to enhance competition; how profit persistence varies over time according to changes in market and economic conditions; how different aspects of banks' risk is affected by competition and market structure. Understanding the nature of these relationships is important given the prominent role banks play in the allocation of resources, the provision of capital to the economy and the stability of the financial system. Moreover, these roles in turn, have an effect on bank performance and wider economic growth and stability. Such issues have especially come to prominence following the financial crisis and thus there is a need for empirical evidence on which to base policy. To examine these relationships the thesis implements panel estimation techniques and obtains data on all commercial banks, primarily over the period 1984-2009, thus including births and deaths. The key findings show, first, that profit persistence is relatively low compared to previous US banking studies and compared to manufacturing firms. Moreover, persistence varies with regulatory changes, although not always in the expected direction, notably the increase in persistence following the 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Second, additional time-variation in persistence is linked to bank specific, market structure and economic factors. Notably, persistence varies with bank size and market share, market concentration and output growth, but the precise nature of these relationships varies across the sample and by bank size. Third, that there is a difference in the nature of the relationship between competition and loan risk on the one hand and competition and total risk and leverage on the other. We also find that the relationship between risk and market structure varies according to bank size and that the economic cycle influences banks' risk. The implications and contribution of this thesis lie in establishing empirical evidence for understanding the nature of the relationships between competition, profits and risk. This is particularly prescient given the move towards new regulation following the financial crisis. Key results here show that no simple relationship exists between bank size or market concentration and competition and risk, therefore policy should account for such differences, whether according to bank size or type of risk.
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Mathieu, Julien P. "Universal banking in the United States : benefits and risks." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80940.
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The worldwide financial services industry has undergone in the past two decades an unprecedented wave of consolidation within and across its three main sub-sectors: banking, securities activities and insurance. Today's observers assert that in ten years, most of the financial sector will be controlled by a small group of huge diversified banks. By enacting the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999, Congress repealed the depression-era "Glass-Steagall" Act of 1933 and thereby officially removed the longstanding legal barriers that insulated banks from securities firms and insurance companies. As promoters of financial convergence have long been claiming that the introduction of universal banks in the United States would produce numerous benefits for themselves, but also for the economy and for their customers, these predictions can be assessed today in the light of empirical analysis. Now that "financial supermarkets" are totally legal in the United States, it is essential to assess whether they are economically and morally viable.
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Welty, Evan Elizabeth. "Banking on remittances an analysis of Mexican migrants' banking and remittance sending behavior in the United States /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/449721645/viewonline.
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Lou, Xinchen Sofia. "Viability of traditional banking services: evidence from the regional level U.S. banking industry." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342198972.
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Zheng, Yi. "Do Banks' Dividends Signal Their Financial Health?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248441/.
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This paper examines the relation between banks' dividends and their future financial health. Using banks' Nonperforming Loans Ratio, Loan Loss Provision Ratio, and Z-score as proxies for their financial health, I show that there is a strong positive relation between banks' dividends lagged by one quarter and their financial health in the current quarter. This main finding continues to hold following several additional tests, including the application of an instrumental variable approach, the use of change in dividends as the key independent variable, the exclusion of banks that are subject to stress test, the addition of macroeconomic variables, the exclusion of too-big-to-fail banks, and the exclusion of non-depository banks. I also find that the positive relation between banks' dividends and their future financial health is more pronounced for banks with a higher degree of opacity, a lower Tier 1 capital ratio, and during the 2007-2009 financial crisis.
This paper contributes to three strands of the finance literature, including the Risk Reduction Hypothesis of dividend signaling in corporate finance, bank dividend policies, and the determinants of banks' financial stability. First, I show that there is a positive relation between banks' dividends lagged by one quarter and their financial health in the current quarter, also meaning that banks' dividends are negatively associated with their future risk conditions. This finding is consistent with the Risk Reduction Hypothesis regarding dividend signaling. Second, Floyd, Li, and Skinner (2015) propose a new idea that banks use dividends to signal financial health, and they rely on this idea to explain why banks have a higher and more stable propensity to pay dividends vis-à-vis industrials during the past several decades. My finding that banks' dividends are positively associated with their future financial health empirically supports this idea proposed by Floyd, Li, and Skinner (2015). Last, to my knowledge, no prior study has attempted to extensively detect a direct relation between banks' dividends and their financial stability. I fill this gap by investigating whether this relation exists. I show that banks' dividends have significantly positive explanatory power on their future financial stability, as proxied by three risk conditions.
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Rabiee, Sohrab. "Protection of foreign investment : the development of international law and the contribution of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292373.
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This study begins with a generel review of the developments of international law and relations especially during this century and then continues to consider these developments within the specific contexts of permanent sovereignty over natural resrouces and bilateral investment treaties from which it is concluded that there have been many changes in the context in which foreign investment is made as well as the substantive rules governing it. However, despite the changes in attitude and the developments. there seems to be no specific and detailed set of rules universally accepted to be governing foreign investment especially in the area of compensation which is the core of the matter. Having considered this general background, the study turns to the contribution of one of the most unique experiences in the history of arbitration i. e. the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal. After studying the general factual and legal background of the creation of the Tribunal and the examination of the instruments upon which the Tribunal's jurisdiction and structure are based, the thesis examines the practice of the Tribunal with regard to both expropriation and compensation. Attempt has been made to examine these issues from almost every relevant aspect. The conclusion reached in the final analysis of this part is that despite the consistency of the Tribunal's practice with regard to some general issues, there has not been much coherence when it comes to more specific and concrete issues such as the method of valuation and some aspects of expropriation and compensation. The final conclusion of the study is that there is still a long way to go before establishing a universal, specific and detailed set of rules governing foreign investment although the bilateral approach can be, and in fact is, considered as a safe interim measure of protection as far as the capital exporting countries are concerned. It also questions the viability and wisdom of adopting the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal experience as a pattern for resolving future investment disputes in light of the extraordinary background of its creation and controversies as to the precedential value of some of its decisions.
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Croft, Elizabeth W. "Transaction fees in banking machine networks : a spatial and empirical analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0025/NQ38873.pdf.
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Zoubi, Marwan M. Sharif (Marwan Mohd Sharif). "The Wealth Effect of the Risk-Based Capital Regulation on the Commercial Banking Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278264/.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the wealth effect of the Risk-Based Capital (RBC) regulation on the U.S. commercial banking industry. The RBC plan was first proposed in January 1986, and its final form was announced on July 11, 1988. This plan resulted from dissatisfaction with the old capital regulation, which did not account for asset risk and off-balance sheet activities. The present study hypothesizes that the new regulation restricted bank optimal behavior and, therefore, adversely affected stock prices. The second and third hypotheses suggest that investors used company specific information, Net Tier 1 and Total risk-based capital ratios respectively, in valuing stocks of the affected bank holding companies. Hypotheses four and five suggest that abnormal returns are proportionally related to the levels of Net Tier 1 or Total RBC ratio. Both the traditional event study and the portfolio time-series regression, with RBC ratios (Net Tier 1 or Total) as the weight factors, are used in this study.
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Jeong, Woocheon. "Three essays on the relationship between the banking sector, the real sector, and the political environment." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=416.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 91 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Page, Shawn. "Banks and Bankers in Denton County, Texas, 1846-1940." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955049/.
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This thesis investigates the importance banks, and bankers had with the development of the Denton County Texas from the 1870s until the beginning of the Second World War. Specifically, their role in the formation of both private and public infrastructure as well as the facilitation towards a more diverse economy. Key elements of bank development are outlined in the study including private, national, and state bank operations.
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Bexley, James B. "Service quality : an empirical study of expectations versus perceptions in the delivery of financial services in community banks." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/94.
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This study is an in-depth empirical investigation that seeks to compare consumer expectations to perceptions in the delivery of service within community banks in the southern United States. It has as its aim to develop a useful instrument to evaluate service quality by comparing consumer expectations to their perceptions of delivered service. An additional purpose is to determine bank chief executive officers’ ability to predict consumer expectations in the area of service delivery. The theoretical portion of the study focused upon a review of the history of banking in the United States and its subunit, the State of Texas, which is uniquely different from the banking systems of Europe and Asia. The literature was also examined to review service quality and customer satisfaction. In order to examine methods to predict service quality in community banks, an investigation was carried out among consumers of fifteen community banks in the southern United States. The collection of the data was driven by six research hypotheses and involved two questionnaires. One questionnaire ask for customer expectations versus perceptions. A second questionnaire required the chief executive officers of the consumers’ banks to state their perceptions of what their consumers expected in the way of service delivery. The main findings of the research built upon and extended the research by Ittner and Larcker (1996) which noted that the three prime components of customer satisfaction revolved around three specific antecedents—perceived quality, perceived value, and customer expectations, the study strongly reinforced and confirmed the importance of the three antecedents. This study indicated that while expectations are very high, perceptions are also high, but not as high as expectations. Milligan (1995) advanced the idea that it should be obvious that the element of service quality was the primary driver in bank selection, but no confirmation study was made by him or others comparing the five factors (service quality, location, advertising, recommendation of others, and service charges/fees). This study concluded that service quality was the most important factor in the selection of a community bank in the southern United States. With no specific literature relating specifically to bankers’ perceptions of service delivery expectations by consumers, one of the most significant findings in this study noted that 77.3 percent of the responses to the questions indicated a match of bankers’ perceptions with consumers’ expectations. While outcomes indicated that perceptions were equal to or greater than expectations, this does not conclusively prove that satisfactory service quality will tend to be associated with outcomes equal to or above expectations. This could indicate that the customers did not expect much in the way of outstanding service. Based upon results obtained from surveys, there appears to be a high likelihood that a bank could reasonably predict the retention of customers using the overlaid plots that in this study show high expectations and high perceptions. However, this study could not conclusively substantiate that gender, income, and education impact service quality in community banks. Given the limited amount of literature relating to the delivery of service quality by community banks in the United States, this study provides both researchers and practitioners an empirical study of both consumers’ and bankers’ expectations and perceptions of service delivery, which had not been fully explored in the past.
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Vera, David. "Essays on the monetary transmission mechanism, changes in the United States banking system and small business lending." Diss., Connected to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3179190.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 28, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gatzoflias, Ioannis K. "Financial innovation in the banking sector of the US and the UK." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1518.
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Financial innovation is the subject of this thesis. The purpose of this thesis is to build up the first comprehensive theoretical framework able to analyze the causes, nature and process of financial innovation, in other words the first holistic and integrated approach to the phenomenon of financial innovation. Initially, we review a significant part of the available literature on innovation. Then we discuss the financial innovation-related literature, and incorporate some features from the general innovation literature. We introduce an analytical framework and model that accounts for the process of financial innovation. The novelty of the model is that it takes into account the integral process of financial innovation and for the first time combines elements from both standard and financial-innovation theory. Initially we present a set of factors that cause financial innovative activity. Furthermore, we highlight the fact that very often, more than one cause contributes to the initiation of innovative activity. In contrast with the existing literature, Silber (1975), Kane (1981), Miler (1986) and Tufano (1989), we elaborate further on the phenomenon of financial innovation by taking into account the factors that shape the innovative firm, mostly internal to the financial institution and very often related with the innovation-originated concepts. Then, we classify financial innovation according to five criteria, two of them commonly found in the innovation literature, one novel and the other two derived from the BIS (1986) classification. Finally, we present seven criteria that a financial innovation fulfils in order to be successful and "survive". A further contribution of our model is its dynamic approach. We highlight this dynamic process, by citing examples of financial innovations that were created in order to address the shortcomings of existing innovations. In order to provide the supporting evidence for the above model, we discuss in great detail four clusters of financial innovation: special bank liabilties, derivative products, securitization and plastic cards. During our research we encountered many financial innovations that took place in different places and times and under different circumstances. Our model provided us a unique analytical framework able to analyze each and every financial innovation in relation to its causes of emergence, factors that shaped the innovative output, classify in a detailed way this output and understand the reasons that enabled the survival of this innovation. Our analytical framework is not a single dimensional linear model but a dynamic, multi-level framework subject to evolution, able to provide a holistic, integrated and ageless approach.
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Ball, Rebecca W. "Adaptation vs selection: an examination of the impact of deregulation on strategic change in U.S. banks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40041.
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This research examines competing theories based on the strategic choice and organizational ecology perspectives by investigating strategic change in the banking industry precedLng and following interest rate and product deregulation of financial institutions in the early 1980's. Adaptation theory suggests that the largest, oldest, and most powerful organizations have superior capacities for adapting to environmental
circumstances and that organizational variability reflects changes in the strategy and structure of a firm in response to environmental changes. The organizational ecology perspective hypothesizes that a firm's ability to change is inversely related to organizational age and size and that organizations become inert as they grow and age. The propositions and hypotheses in this research examine the relationship between
organizational age and size on both absolute and relative inertia. The association between strategic change on firm survival is also explored. Findings demonstrate partial support for both theories. An explanation for the mixed findings is offered which suggests that both adaptation and organizational ecology theories explain continuous change, while the
deregulation period under study represented a period of discontinuous change. A third model of strategic change, proposed by Meyers, Brooks, and Goes (1990) is offered as a better explanation of strategic change among U.S. banks during the decade following deregulation.Ph. D.
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Makwiramiti, Anthony Munyaradzi. "The implementation of the new capital accord (BASEL II) : a comparative study of South Africa, Switzerland, Brazil and the United States." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002717.
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The international banking environment has become potentially riskier because of the recent developments in financial services and products which have changed the way banks do their day to day business. Imposing minimum capital adequacy regulations is one way of fostering stability in the global banking system. A number of countries have started to implement the new capital adequacy rules (Basel II) following the worldwide consensus among central bankers that bank‟s capital levels should be regulated to enhance global financial stability. In this study, through the comparative analysis of the general implementation issues it was established that emerging countries apply all Basel II rules uniformly across all the banking institutions that operate in their territories. Developed countries apply these rules only to large and internationally active banks and because of the diversity of their banking industries, they also apply domestically modified rules to the domestically based banks. For the successful implementation of Basel II, properly planning, devoting bank resources and making necessary legislative amendments are prerequisites for incorporating Basel II into the regulatory framework for any country. The study concludes that the current global financial turmoil continues to pose a threat to the effectiveness of the Basel II rules which are aimed at achieving global financial stability.
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Jideonwo, Thelma Ukachi. "Exploring Under-Representation of Women in Top Executive Positions in The United States' Banking Industry: A Phenomenological Study." Franklin University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=frank1613567219813127.
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Rim, Kyung Taek. "International comparison of bank efficiency : an empirical study of large commercial banking in the United States and Japan." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273148222.
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Holbrook, Ellenore. "Quiet Politics: Opposition movements and policy stasis surrounding the United States' financial industry." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492614098649269.
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Strong, Steven Michael 1981. "Why US financial workers are unorganized = the 19th century origins of a current problem = Por que os trabalhadores do setor financeiro dos EUA não são sindicalizados? : um problema atual com raízes no século 19." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286415.
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Orientador: Carlos Salas PáezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T21:58:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Strong_StevenMichael_M.pdf: 4434873 bytes, checksum: 262e5c552d0eb06aeb40d7022effc867 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Trabalhadores do setor financeiro dos EUA apresentam a menor taxa de sindicalização em comparação aos trabalhadores de outras indústrias, e estão entre os menos organizados do mundo. À luz da recente crise econômica, o movimento operário dos EUA, junto com os sindicatos internacionais, tem tido grande interesse em reverter as sombrias taxas de sindicalização, devido à importância destes trabalhadores, que estão dentro de um mercado financeiro globalizado altamente dominado por empresas norte-americanas. O atual desafio em organizar estes trabalhadores está enraizado em uma história profunda de evasão, ignorância, desorientação, repressão, e derrotas para os interesses do sindicalismo dos trabalhadores de escritórios. Este trabalho explora as primeiras raízes dos obstáculos atuais que os trabalhadores do setor financeiro enfrentam na tentativa de se sindicalizar, examinando a resistência popular à formação do Setor Financeiro dos EUA no século 19. Uma visão geral do desenvolvimento inicial do setor financeiro, de suas respostas políticas e da organização do trabalho é fornecida, incluindo informações específicas sobre os trabalhadores do setor financeiro, quando disponíveis. O aumento da feminização do trabalho de colarinho branco após a Guerra Civil dos EUA também é explorado. Os fatores chave que contribuem para as baixas taxas de sindicalização incluem o impacto da liderança sindical influenciada pelo populismo, o que contribuiu para as reformas que promovem uma estrutura financeira descentralizada, a exclusão dos trabalhadores de escritório, a feminização da força de trabalho de escritórios, as atitudes das lideranças sindicais em relação às mulheres e trabalhadores de escritório, e a falta de um partido trabalhista nos EUA, tudo isso combinado com a repressão do governo contra os comunistas que pretendiam organizar o setor. Na conclusão, são apresentadas sugestões para a continuação da pesquisa sobre o porquê de os EUA não possuírem um sindicato dos trabalhadores do setor financeiro
Abstract: Financial sector workers in the US suffer from the lowest rate of unionization of workers in any of the industries in the US, and are among the least organized in the world. In light of the recent economic crisis, and given the importance of US financial workers within a globalized financial market highly dominated by US firms, the US labor movement, along with unions internationally, has taken great interest in reversing these dismal unionization rates. The current challenge to organizing these workers is rooted in a deep history of avoidance, ignorance, misguidance, repression, and defeats for the interests of office worker unionism. This work explores the early roots of the current obstacles these workers face in attempting to unionize by examining the popular resistance to US Financial Sector formation in the 19th century. An overview of early financial sector development, political responses, and labor organization is provided, including specific information on financial sector workers when available. The increase and feminization of white-collar work after the US Civil War is explored, especially in the clerical industries of the financial sector. Key factors contributing to low unionization rates include the impact of populist-influenced labor leadership that preferred a decentralized financial structure and excluded clerical workers, the feminization of the clerical labor force, the attitudes of trade union leaders towards women and clerical workers, and the combination of a lack of a labor party in the US and government repression of communists who had the vision to organize the sector. Suggestions for continued research on why the US does not have a financial sector workers union are presented in the conclusion
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Al-Suwaidi, Ahmed A. Mohamed. "The finance of international trade in the Gulf Arab States : a comparative study between the conventional and Islamic banking systems with special emphasis on the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292402.
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Zia, Mujtaba. "Bank Capital, Efficient Market Hypothesis, and Bank Borrowing During the Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699938/.
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During the Great Recession of 2007 and 2008, liquidity and credit dried up, threatening the stability of financial institutions, particularly the banking firms. Traditional source of funds from the last resort, the Discount Window of the Federal Reserve System, failed to remedy the liquidity problem. To assuage the liquidity and credit problem, the Federal Reserve System established several emergency lending facilities and provided unprecedented amount of loans to the banking industry. Using a dataset published by Bloomberg LLP in the aftermaths of the financial crisis, which contains daily loan balances from the Fed, I conduct an event study to test whether financial markets are efficient in reflecting all public, anticipated and classified information in security prices. The most important contribution of this dissertation to the finance discipline and literature is the investigation and analysis of the Fed’s unprecedented loans to the banking industry during the Great Recession and the market reaction to it. The second major contribution of this study is the empirical test of strong form efficient market hypothesis, which has not been feasible due to legal data challenges. This dissertation has other contributions to the finance discipline and banking research. First, I develop an algorithm for measuring the amount of borrowing by banks. Second, I introduce a new “loan balance” ratio to traditional list of bank financial ratios. Third, I use event study methodologies to allow for cross-correlation, heteroscedasticity and event induced-variance change in studying US banks’ performance during the Great Recession.
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Luo, Xin. "An empirical investigation of trying and trust toward mobile banking adoption a crosscultural analysis of Chinese and United States users /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Ben, Amira Mustapha. "The concept of interest in the Western and Middle Eastern society." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2351.
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The entire banking systems in the western societies is based on the use of interest. The bank charges the borowers interest on its loans and pays its depositors interest on their deposits. On the other hand, the Middle Eastern banking system is an interest free system that prohibits the use of interest, either in receipt or in payment.
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Liang, Hung-Lieh. "Managerial safety and soundness and maximization of shareholder interests : sifting through bifurcated governance strands over managerial conduct of United States banking organizations." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1499.
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The recent trend reflecting the erosion of the traditional boundaries between banking and other financial businesses by virtue of financial deregulation and liberalization has resulted in a more complex and dynamic risk-profile for banking institutions. One upshot of this transformation is, whilst promoting safe and sound banking still remains the overriding hank regulatory objective, the focal point shifts more and more to managerial function and responsibility, a subject traditionally more generally associated with the corporate-law domain but now being recognized as a core subject-matter for banking regulation and supervision. This text will analyze the subject of managerial function and responsibility in the context of United States banking institutions, specifically the national hank, the bank holding company and the financial holding company. The primary thesis to be presented and supported is in banking the governance order concerning the "control and direction" mechanism over managerial conduct can only be fully appreciated by not only looking into the economy specific dimension, as informed primarily by applicable corporate law standards addressed generally to and among the shareholder, the board and the senior management as they interact with the corporate entity, but also by investigating the industry specific dimension (in the instant case as to banking institutions), as reflected by required regulatory standards enshrined in statutes, regulations and other regulatory pronunciations addressed specifically to their industrial particularities and their derived implications on the society as whole. In the context of the United States, the governance order of banking institutions, as such, is placed in the applicable (i) state law corporate governance framework tinder the Delaware General Corporate Law and related Delaware case law and (ii) federal statutes and the prudential regulations and practices of federal banking regulators. As will be seen, these two regulatory strands that impact the U. S. hank governance order have separately evolved tinder separate statutory and regulatory frameworks with separate policy underpinnings. Traditionally, banks as corporate entities have been treated under general corporate governance principles developed under corporate statutes and case law. For lcdcral banking institutions, the federal regulators have generally deferred to the fiduciary standards under Delaware corporate law. The policy of the Delaware statute and case law directs corporate directors and officers towards maximizing corporate value fier the shareholders: the law recognizes that corporate management is engaged in business risk-taking and grants corporate management considerable leeway as to their good-faith decisions and activities, while placing constraints on grossly negligent, illegal, had taith and sell-dealing decisions and activities. The U. S. federal bank regulators' primarily are concerned with the "satcty and soundness" of' banking institutions and the stability of the U. S. banking system. In pursuing the prudential objective, the U. S. Congress and these bank regulators have externally imposed numerous regulatory requirements on bank management, backed by intensive supervision and vigorous enforcement. This text will argue that these federal banking laws and regulations have significantly intruded- in depth and in breadth- into the traditional state law domain of corporate governance of banking institutions, and, as a result of which, the ensuing contusion and inconsistence in governance standards to be addressed. This intrusion refers to a stand-alone bank, as well as a bank held by a corporate parent. An appreciation of this "push and pull" tension between these two bifurcated strands influencing the governance structure facing bank management is critical as management plans its prudent profit-seeking strategies. Whilst a needed, comprehensive reform able to bring about a set of uniform and industry-specific governance standards is outside the scope of this work, this text will consider possible ways to reconcile conflicts generated and will make some modest recommendations in this connection as conclusions thereof.
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Ugale, Gavin M. "The USA Patriot Act an empirical assessment of the impact of section 326 on access to banking amongst immigrants in the United States /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/525203480/viewonline.
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Van, Camp Kevin S. "The effect of foreign market factors on the penetration of U.S. banks abroad." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/253.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Business Administration
Finance
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Zhao, Shuo. "Underground Banks: The Perspectives of Chinese Illegal Immigrants in Understanding the Role of Chinese Informal Fund Transfer Systems in the United States." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/49816.
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Criminal JusticePh.D.
The financial link in the process of illegal immigration is a little researched domain in the literature. This research is the first exploratory study to examine the role of Chinese-operated informal fund transfer systems in the U.S. in the lives of Chinese illegal migrant workers and their families who remained in China. The primary source of data was in-depth interviews with thirty illegal immigrants in New York City and Philadelphia. The findings show that the emergence of underground banks in the U.S. coincided with the largest waves of Chinese illegal immigrants smuggled into the U.S. since the later 1980s. They served as a preferred means of fund transfer among Chinese illegals due to their unique service, not necessarily because of the clients' illegal status, or any coercive actions by human smuggling groups. Through inductive analysis based on the narrative data, this research is able to trace the trajectory of the evolution of Chinese underground banks over the past decades. The evidence seems to suggest an indirect role played by these illegal fund transfer systems in sustaining transnational illegal labor migration achieved through human smuggling. The research also suggests a declining importance of underground banks and a shift away from their use toward legitimate fund transfer channels among Chinese illegal immigrants since the mid-1990s and a seemingly new role of formal institutions in filling in the vacancy left by underground banks. Finally, the findings suggest that underground banks may have been forced to and have adapted to a narrower and more illicit use.
Temple University--Theses
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Hodder, Leslie Davis. "Reliability and relevance of market risk disclosures by commercial banks." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034549.
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Cunningham, Reba Love. "An Empirical Investigation of Common Characteristics of Commercial Banks Using Standby Letters of Credit, Letters of Credit, Interest Rate Swaps, and Loan Sales." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332723/.
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The purpose of this research is to identify common characteristics of commercial banks that are likely to engage in large dollar volumes of OBS financial instruments. Four financial instruments examined are standby letters of credit, letters of credit, interest rate swaps, and loan sales.
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Lisle, Lily. "Currency Sovereignty in the Future: Cryptocurrency Policy in the US and China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1110.
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Why are the US and China regulating cryptocurrency? This paper first uses linear regression to model the relationship between the US dollar and Bitcoin, and separately, the Chinese Renminbi and Bitcoin. Next, legal text is analyzed to make the comparative case for the United States' and China's legal responses to new advances in cryptocurrency, and how it shows threats to the traditional definition and control of currency.
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Kim, Mi-hyung. "The Prediction of Bank Certificates of Deposit Ratings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332566/.
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The purpose of the study was to find the best prediction models of short-term bank CD ratings using financial variables. This study used short-term bank CD ratings assigned by Moody's and Standard and Poor's.
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Eazell, Diane Patricia. "Justification for a credit union to charter a bank." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1642.
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Lai, Eugene Chang Fu. "An investigation into optimal stock option compensation : a thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Finance at Massey University." Massey University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1344.
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Throughout twentieth century, it has become increasingly common for executives to be remunerated with stock options, contracts which allow the recipient to buy company stock at a predetermined price, thus giving the incentive to maximize the stock price in order to increase the value of the stock option contract. Not only has stock option compensation become increasingly prevalent to executives at most major listed companies, but also to employees at all levels of the firm, both big and small. However, along with the growth in popularity, stock option compensation also became a topic of contention, not only among the general public, but among lobbyists, legislators and academics. This thesis aims to provide a better understanding of stock option compensation practice, with a particular emphasis on the United States, where stock option compensation is most prevalent. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter deals with establishing a foundational understanding of stock option practice and possible drivers through investigating the literature on the history of stock option compensation practice in the US. The second chapter develops a holistic theoretical model of an optimal stock option compensation package to possibly explain some practice currently considered as excessive. Then lastly, the third chapter empirically tests the validity of possible drivers of executive stock option policy in recent times in an attempt to identify whether current practice is optimal or not. The first chapter is primarily a literature review, covering a series of events over the history of stock option compensation in the US, ranging from its early beginnings in the early twentieth century until the present day. Included in the coverage of significant events are: legislation impacting tax benefits for corporate and for recipients; “landmark” events such as the first case of “broad-based” option compensation resulting in companies following a standard business practice; trends in the stock market; academic theory of the development of agency theory which supports the use of tools such as equity based compensation, and the development of major option valuation models; the possible impact of accounting standards; and the possibly impact of major bankruptcies or unethical behavior directly or indirectly tied to executive stock option compensation. The second chapter follows with a theoretical approach to understanding stock option compensation trends by analyzing the major benefits and costs associated with stock options. The model developed differs to most other existing optimization models as it does not focus on one set of benefits or factors, rather a more holistic approach is taken. Using a holistic approach, this model also helps explain how levels of compensation that are considered excessive under an optimisation model based only incentive benefits, can actually be optimal for the firm once other costs and benefits are incorporated. The model also aims to provide an alternative explanation to the managerial power hypothesis to explain why the buoyancy of the market may be positively correlated with compensation levels. This is explained by the impact of the buoyancy of the market on the likelihood of stock option exercise, and the costs and benefits either unconditional, partially conditional or conditional on options being exercised. In addition, smaller companies are also found to benefit from stock options more than larger firms due to some of the unconditional benefits, in particular, the ability to attract higher quality talent which can also help small firms fulfil untapped potential. Lastly, the model also provides useful insight into the appropriateness of using of foregone option premiums as the economic opportunity cost of granting stock options. The third chapter aims to empirically test the impact of several factors brought up in Chapter One that may help explain changes in compensation that occurred at the turn of the century. These major factors analyzed are: 1) the bull market prior to and the bear market following the market crash of 2000, 2) changes in accounting standards for equity based compensation, and 3) possible public perception of corruption following several major bankruptcies associated with poor ethics in 2002. Mixed evidence is found regarding the impact of market cycles. These findings include cycles to be linked to granting options out-of-the-money, a general inverse relationship with the levels of stock option compensation with the buoyancy of the market, expected for companies managing incentives, and finally there are indications companies ceased granting options based on poor company stock price performance prior to 2001. Other findings indicate the possible influence of accounting standards on economic decisions as well as the broad impact of events surrounding 2001-2, even though they have no economic impact. On the one hand, decreases in stock option compensation levels is shown to be linked to accounting decisions, however, there is insufficient evidence to support the argument that firm-wide decision making to cease granting stock options completely was based on accounting decisions.
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Cosser, Leigh Emma. "Asset prices and inflation-targeting : implications for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020849.
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An analysis of the current monetary policy framework in South Africa, which followed the exampie of a number of developed countries by implementing an inflation-targeting regime in 2000, is presented. The primary goal of the framework is to establish price stability, with financial stability a secondary objective. However, as has been evident in other countries, price stability does not guarantee financial stability. Movements in asset prices and the development of asset price bubbles have resulted in a number of episodes of financial instability, which negatively impacted on the growth and development of the countries involved. In addition, the majority of these episodes have occurred in periods of low and stable inflation. The dissertation analyses whether monetary policy would be more efficient if asset price movements were incorporated within the inflation-targeting regime. International experience indicates that early intervention of monetary policy can dampen the negative effects that result when an asset price bubble "bursts". However, if the monetary authorities act too early the effects on the economy can be just as disruptive. The literature is scrutinized to establish what the most effective form of monetary policy should be. The results are then transposed within the South African context to establish how the South African Reserve Bank can best ensure both price and financial stability.
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SCHNEIDER, Friedrich. "Regulating the banking sector." Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5057.
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Defence date: 15 December 1989Examining board: Prof. E. Baltensperger, University of Bern, (co-supervisor) ; Prof. E.M. Claassen, University of Paris and former EUI, (supervisor) ; Prof. D.T. Llewellyn, University of Loughborough ; Prof. S. Martin, EUI ; Prof. R. Richter, University of Saarland
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Kolb, Bonita M. "The impact of global competition on United States banking a comparative analysis of banking regulation in Germany, Japan, and the United States /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33048187.html.
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Hoag, Christopher. "Three episodes in nineteenth-century United States banking and finance /." 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/557889235.pdf.
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Gao, Weiyu. "Systemic Risk in the Banking Industry of the United States." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977637/4/MSc_Thesis_(Weiyu_Gao).pdf.
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Abstract
Systemic Risk in the Banking Industry of the United States
Weiyu Gao
In this thesis, I estimate the systemic risk in the U.S. banking industry and the effects of a financial regulation and an event on the financial health and stability of U. S. banks. The financial regulation and event are respectively Basel I and the U.S. sub-prime mortgage financial crisis which are captured by two dummy variables. I estimate systemic risk using the definition which considers a systemic crisis as an event causing a simultaneous default of a significant number of financial institutions. Thus, the systemic risk here is the simultaneous probability of default of a certain number of financial institutions. Next, I form two systemic risk indices, including the default probability based on bank assets and the default probability based on the number of banks. I investigate the sources of systemic risk and address the factors which are significantly related to the stability of the banking system. In order to conduct this investigation, I establish two categories of variables related to systemic factors and bank specific factors. The systemic factors include the median correlation of assets, volatility of assets and capitalization while the bank specific factors consist of time trend, bank size and the ratio of book value of equity to total assets. The regression analyses are applied between the systemic risk indices and the systemic/ bank specific factors. The results suggest that Basel I does not effectively improve the stability of the banking system and that the financial crisis contributes to systemic risk. The volatility of assets and capitalization are significantly related to the systemic risk indices. Although the systemic factors perform better than the bank specific factors in explaining the systemic risk indices, bank size is also a significant explanatory factor.
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Hoag, Christopher S. "Three Episodes in Nineteenth Century United States Banking and Finance." Thesis, 2003. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/1865/1/thesis.pdf.
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This dissertation samples three episodes from nineteenth century United States history that conveniently illustrate economic behavior in the arena of banking and finance.
The first chapter considers improvements in cross-market arbitrage due to technological change. The completion of the undersea Atlantic telegraph cable in July 1866 more closely integrated securities markets on two continents. Chapter 1 conducts an event study on one security with a dual listing on the New York and London Stock Exchanges using daily data. The event study provides some evidence that the information lag between the two markets shortened from ten days to zero days. We can recover transatlantic steamship crossing times from securities prices.
The second chapter investigates bank window dressing. Window dressing is a temporary change in portfolio designed to produce a more appealing report to regulators or to the public. Market observers accused national banks of window dressing after the Civil War. Chapter 2 attempts to determine whether or not postbellum Philadelphia banks window dressed their balance sheets. A test finds some evidence for window dressing.
The third chapter conducts an econometric test of Diamond and Dybvig's (1983) theory of bank runs as interpreted by Calomiris and Gorton (1991). Diamond and Dybvig employ an exogenous liquidity shock to depositors in order to develop a theory of bank runs. Calomiris and Gorton interpret the exogenous liquidity shock as a seasonal withdrawal from the nation's agricultural interior. Chapter 3 reexamines the hypothesis that a seasonal interior reserve drain served as the exogenous liquidity shock before the bank panics of 1873 and 1893 in the United States. Using individual bank level data in New York, this paper tests whether the banks that held most of the deposits from the interior, the "interest-paying" banks, experience reserve drains just before the panic. The evidence reveals that a seasonal interior drain could have triggered the 1873 panic, but that Diamond and Dybvig's model cannot be applied to the bank panic of 1893 without a non-seasonal interpretation of the exogenous liquidity shock.
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"Discretions over security investments in U.S. banking industry." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075472.
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As long as one security is classified into AFS category, I document that banks strategically time the recognitions of gains and losses on AFS securities to smooth earnings, to meet earnings targets, to reduce regulatory costs, or to facilitate seasonal equity offering. These evidences collaborate with my previous results that banks prefer classifying credit risky securities into AFS rather than into trading category.Finally, I investigate market reactions to fair value changes on AFS securities and to trading revenues from trading assets. I show that trading revenues are more persistent, with greater value relevance, and drive more significant stock returns. This evidence indicates that artificially classifying securities which are held for trading purpose into AFS category may have negative impacts on firm values.
Given the investment decisions made by the managers, the second issue studied in this thesis is the financial reporting decisions made by banks. To elaborate, banks have discretions to classify the debt securities into available-for-sale (AFS) category vs. trading category depending on the purpose of the holding, while the classification decisions have very different impacts on firms' income statement. Therefore, I study how accounting treatments of AFS and trading category and their different impacts on firms' income statements affect reporting decisions. I find banks inclined to classify credit-riskier securities into AFS rather than into trading category, when banks have weak interest revenues, have high level of income-increasing discretional accruals, have concentrated assets, or have high level of risky assets. But I do not find classification decision is related to bank's capital adequacy ratio.
Keywords: Bank holding companies; debt security investments; managerial compensation; trading assets; available-for-sale; SFAS 115; gains trading.
This study examines U.S. banks' investment behaviors as well as their financial reporting decisions on debt security investments. Particularly, I focus on two separate but related issues. The first issue examined is whether and how managerial incentives, influenced by the compensation contracts, affect managers' investment decisions on debt securities in the U.S. banking industry. Using a sample composed of top 1,000 bank holding companies from 2001 to 2009, I find that managers, when their wealth is more sensitive to stock return volatility, tend to structure the firms' debt investments with a higher proportion of credit risky securities. Provided that price of credit risky debt securities slumped during the recent financial crisis, that empirical evidence is consistent with the view that managerial compensation may induce excess risk-taking in the U.S. banking industry. The finding is relevant to both researchers and practitioners when they consider restructuring bankers' compensation.
Zhou, Chunquan.
Advisers: Woody Y. W. Wu; Danqing Young.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-08(E), Section: A.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Weisel, Lukas Klaus. "Predicting the probabilities of default for the banking sector in the United States." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29819.
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This dissertation implements a structural credit risk model to predict the probabilities of default for the eight largest retail banks in the United States. Similar to Goldstein, Ju, and Leland (2001), the model implemented in this dissertation relates the project/asset value with the firm capacity to generate earnings. Most papers in the literature consider that firms have fixed financial costs and that shareholders decide whenever to liquidate the firm based on the distance between some underlying earnings measure and these fixed costs. This assumption is not reasonable in the case of banks. As an alternative to incorporate shareholders strategic default decision, non-financial fixed costs are considered. These non-financial fixed costs are defined as the non-interest expenses and proxy the operational leverage of the bank. The analysed sample period contains 19 consecutive years, covering the dotcom crisis, the financial crisis and several minor crises in between. The model was calibrated by applying the iterative approach proposed by Vassalou and Xing (2004). The average computed probability of default for the whole sector ranged between 0.06% in 2006 and 5.80% during the financial crisis. These results were compared with the probabilities of default and the distances-to-default implied by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s credit ratings for the period between 2006 and 2018. Though the probabilities of default show a low not significant correlation, the distances-to-default have a correlation of 53.27%, which was found to be significant at the usual significance levels.Esta tese implementa um modelo estruturado de risco de crédito para prever as probabilidades de falência dos oito maiores bancos comerciais nos Estados Unidos. Com base no trabalho de Goldstein, Ju and Leland (2001), o modelo implementado compara o valor do projeto/ativo com a capacidade da empresa de gerar receitas. A maioria da literatura considera que as empresas têm custos financeiros fixos e que os acionistas decidem liquidar a empresa sempre que se verificar uma determinada diferença entre as receitas e estes custos fixos. Esta premissa, no entanto, não é razoável no caso dos bancos. Como alternativa para a decisão estratégica dos acionistas de liquidar o banco, são também considerados custos fixos não-financeiros. Estes custos são definidos como despesas sem juros, representando um valor aproximado da alavancagem operacional do banco. O período analisado é composto por 19 anos consecutivos, cobrindo principalmente a crise da bolha da internet e a crise financeira de 2007/08. O modelo foi construído aplicando a abordagem sugerida por Vassalou e Xing (2004). A probabilidade média de falir calculada varia entre 0.06% em 2006 e 5.80% durante a crise financeira. Estes resultados foram comparados com as probabilidades de falência e distâncias para a falência calculadas pela Moody’s e Standard & Poor’s para o período entre 2006 e 2018. Apesar das probabilidades de falência demostrarem uma correlação baixa e não significante, as distâncias para a falência têm uma correlação de 53.27%, sendo significante para os usuais valores de significância.
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Tsai, Ming-chang, and 蔡明錩. "Universal Banking in the United States-Analysis of Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71514758088726716486.
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碩士淡江大學
美國研究所
89
Title of Thesis: Universal Banking in the United States-Analysis of Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999. Total pages:248 pages. Key word: universal banking, one-stop shopping, financial holding company, financial subsidiary, functional regulation, financial conglomerate, nonpublic personal information. Name of Institute: Graduate Institute of American Studies, TamkangUniversity. Graduate date: June, 2001. Degree conferred:Master Name of student: Ming-chang Tsai Adviser: Dr. Chiang-feng Lin Abstract: The U.S. government promulgated the Financial Services Modernization Act in 1999, which broke the barriers between the banking and security business, and enpowered the banking institutions to engage in insurance. The financial department would appear in the U.S. financial market to provide the banking, security, and insurance product under one roof in the future. The financial consumers can buy the products they need in one-stop to satisfy their needs. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to discuss the meaning and the effects caused by the act to the U.S. type universal banking. In accordance with this research, as the banks, banking supervisory agencies, and the House and Senate coordinate with each other, the restrictions on banking business has been repealed and modified. For instance, the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 repeals the section 20 and 32 of the Glass-Steagall Act, andmodifies the clause of 12 U.S.C.§24(7) and the section 4(c)(8) of Bank Holding Company Act to allow the banks to engage in security and insurance business through the financial holding company or the financial subsidiary. The banks can indirectly engage in security and insurance through the financial holding company or acquire insurance agencies to be their financial subsidiary to engage the permissive insurance business directly. The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 adopts the umbrella regulation and the functional regulation to supervise the banking institutions’ cross-sector business. And the Federal Reserve Board are authorized to be the umbrella regulator of the financial holding company, while its subsidiary banks, security subsidiary, insurance subsidiary are functionally regulated by the banking supervisory agencies, Securities and Exchange Commission, and the State insurance regulators. The act asks the financial supervisory agencies to coordinate with each other to regulate the bank’s security and insurance activities, in order to lower the operating risk and to maintain the financial market’s normality.But some arguable issues exist in the supervisory regime and consumer privacy protection provision of the act. For example, the act asks the financial supervisory agencies to share information with each other, but on the other hand, the act allows the agencies not to disclose any information that is entitled with confidential treatment under applicable Federal banking agency regulations, or other applicable law. Therefore, the financial supervisory agencies may have controversies or conflicts concerning the sharing of information. In addition, there are some loopholes exist in the act’s privacy requirements, and they may cause abuse of the nonpublic personal information within the financial conglomerate, which would affect the privacy rights of individuals seriously. Therefore, the promulgation of the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 is just the beginning of the U.S. type universal banking. In the future, the U.S. government still has to seek the resolutions for the arguable issues while the financial institutions and the consumers enjoy the benefits of the universal banking.
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Mehra, Ajay. "Strategic groups, capabilities, and performance in the United States banking industry: A longitudinal analysis (1974-1988)." 1992. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9305869.
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This study traces the patterns of competition, strategic orientations, and the differential risk/return profiles associated with various business strategies in the banking industry. It addresses the unresolved questions of strategic groups existence, stability, and performance effects by examining two contrasting models of strategic group formation/identification. It extends the literature conceptually by proposing that strategic groups be identified using firm resource bundles/capabilities in addition to observed product market strategies. Further, it tests an expanded model of strategy-performance linkage, and draws several empirical implications for the resource based view. In the longitudinal facet, using data from the Bank Compustat database, eleven scope and resource deployment variables were employed to identify strategic groups at the corporate strategy level, using a two stage clustering algorithm, over a fifteen year period (1974-1988). The impact of discontinuous environmental change such as deregulation on strategic group dynamics and firm level risk-return relationship was examined. In addition, performance and risk differences both across and within groups were investigated. In the cross-sectional facet, scores obtained from an expert panel of leading bank analysts on ten key resources during semi-structured interviews, were used to identify strategic groups. The study found that strategic groups characterized competition in the banking industry both before and after deregulation. Some support was found for the underlying stability of the strategic groups, despite the profound changes characterizing the banking industry. Environmental discontinuity was found to enhance inter-group mobility and strengthen the negative risk-return relationship prevalent in this industry. Across-group performance differences were found on economic and risk dimensions, but not on risk-adjusted dimensions except in the last time period. Within-group performance differences were found, but risk differences within groups existed in only 45% of the tests. A model of firm performance which included strategic group membership along with firm resources was found to have a significantly greater explanatory power than a model which omitted firm resources. Finally, resource based groupings appeared to be a empirically viable representation of industry rivalry and these groups were meaningful predictors of economic performance.
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"Examination on differentiating characteristics for securitizing and non-securitizing banks in the U.S.A." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892776.
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Zhang Xixi.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-91).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.6
Chapter II. --- Literature Review --- p.10
Chapter III. --- Hypotheses and Design of the Tests --- p.22
Chapter IV. --- Data and Findings --- p.34
Chapter A. --- Data Source --- p.34
Chapter B. --- Selection of Sample BHCs --- p.35
Chapter C. --- BHC Size and Description Securitization --- p.38
Chapter 1). --- Description of BHC Size --- p.38
Chapter 2). --- Types of Securitization --- p.43
Chapter V. --- Results --- p.46
Chapter A. --- Differences Between Securitizing and Non-securitizing BHC Characteristics --- p.46
Chapter 1). --- Univariate Test between Securitizing and Non-securitizing banks Characteristics --- p.47
Chapter 2). --- Joint Test of Difference between Mean Values of the Characteristics --- p.61
Chapter B. --- Correlations among Variables --- p.62
Chapter 1). --- Correlation within Same Characteristics Class --- p.63
Chapter 2). --- Correlation among Different Characteristics --- p.65
Chapter C. --- To Explain Decision on Securitization --- p.67
Chapter D. --- Linear Regression to Explain the Degree of Securitizing Among Securitizing Banks --- p.75
Chapter V. --- Conclusion and Insights for Future Research --- p.82
Chapter A. --- Conclusion --- p.82
Chapter B. --- Future Research --- p.87
Chapter VI. --- References --- p.90
Chapter VII. --- Appendix --- p.92
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Makwiramiti, Anthony Munyaradzi. "The implementation of the new capital accord (BASEL II) : a comparative study of South Africa, Switzerland, Brazil and the United States /." 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1607/.
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Shah, Ronnie Rashmi 1981. "Essays on financial institutions." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17766.
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In this dissertation, I explore the ability of financial institutions to impact firm behavior. The first essay examines whether relationships between venture capital owners (VCs) and investment banking underwriters affect a firm’s ability to issue equity. I find that past interactions between VC owners and underwriters in the form of previously underwritten initial public offerings (IPOs) significantly increase the likelihood that an IPO firm chooses a specific underwriter. In terms of how VCs and underwriters associate with each other, older VCs partner with more reputable underwriters. Despite paying higher fees, issuing firms benefit from stronger VC-Underwriter relationships through upward offer price revisions and higher valuations. VC-Underwriter relationships also predict underwriter choice in subsequent equity offerings. This essay provides empirical evidence that suggests VCs use their relationships with investment banks to enable their portfolio firms access to high quality underwriters and better underwriting services. The second essay investigates whether credit rating concerns affect capital investment decisions. Using ex-ante measures of proximity to a rating change, I find that firms that are near a credit rating downgrade spend significantly less on capital expenditures relative to those not near a rating change. The response of firms to credit rating upgrades is not symmetric: firms do not seem to adopt significantly different investment policies when near an upgrade. This effect of lowering investment when near a credit downgrade is stronger for firms that face financial constraints, experience greater adverse selection and are more active in debt markets. Related to reductions in investment, firms near rating changes also spend less on research and development expenses and pay lower dividends. My findings are consistent with firms conserving financial resources to prevent adverse credit rating changes that could increase their cost of capital.text
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Jayasuriya, Sameera Ruwan. "Essays on structural modeling using nonparametric and parametric methods with applications in the United States banking industry." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19513.
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In this dissertation, structural models that utilize parametric and nonparametric approaches are developed that are used to measure competition and cost efficiency in the US banking industry (1990--96). Competition in loan and deposit markets is studied using the method of conjectural variations (Bresnahan, 1982). The results indicate that market imperfections present are negligible, and that loan and deposit services are competitively priced. Cost efficiency is studied using a stochastic cost frontier in the spirit of Bauer (1990), and cost increases above optimal levels are assigned to technical and allocative inefficiencies. The results indicate that technical inefficiency is the major cause for deviations from the cost frontier and allocative inefficiency is declining during this period.
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Lew, Meen-Yue, and 劉明佑. "Reviewing Equal Employment Opportunity in Taiwan’s Banking Industry from the Aspect of the United States Civil Law." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47515820162682563231.
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碩士朝陽大學
企業管理系碩士班
88
The United States is one of the advanced countries, which has set up nearly complete regulations on equal employment opportunity. To guard against job discrimination and ensure equal employment opportunity has become a criterion of human rights in western countries, among which the U.S takes the lead. On the contrary, Taiwanese people do not seem to have enough knowledge, conception, and device to guard against job discrimination and equal employment opportunity, let alone a common agreement and regulations. This study is to discuss the job discrimination phenomenon and the practical solutions taken by means of analyzing the content and features of the device concerning equal employment opportunity in the U.S. After that, this study surveys on the contemporary job discrimination and equal employment opportunity existing in Taiwan’s banking industry from the viewpoint of its undertakers. This study is done adopting questionnaires to analyze and investigate the following five component aspects, including recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, employer-employee relationship and labor safety. Results tell us that sexual discrimination and age discrimination are two relatively distinct phenomena in Taiwan’s banking industry and Taiwan stills lacks agreement and management device toward sexual harassment.
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DYMSKI, GARY ARTHUR. "ON THE ROLE OF UNCERTAINTY AND ILLIQUIDITY IN FINANCIAL MARKETS: POSTWAR BANKING INNOVATION IN THE UNITED STATES." 1987. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI8727042.
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This thesis develops a microeconomic and financial-markets analysis of innovations in liability instruments by U.S. banking firms in the 1960-1985 period. At the microeconomic level, innovations are conceptualized as arising from either situation of opportunity or adversity on the part of banking firms. There is particular attention to the problem of banking-firm adversity, which occurs when banking firms with illiquid balance-sheets due to maturity-transformation confront unanticipatedly high interest-rate outcomes in segmented borrowing markets. Econometric evidence is produced which supports the notion of banking-firm adversity as an element of banks' loan-market behavior. An asset-substitution model of financial markets is developed which explicitly incorporates bank illiquidity and market segmentation; this model is capable of producing the interest rate "spikes" which have often spurred bank innovation in the past 25 years.