Journal articles on the topic 'Cleanliness assay'
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Durkee, John. "Using simple science to assay surface cleanliness." Metal Finishing 106, no. 2 (February 2008): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(08)80040-2.
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SEEGER, KLAUS, and MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS. "Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence for Hygiene Monitoring in Health Care Institutions." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.6.509.
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An investigation was conducted to assess the practical use of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitizing meat slicers in eight health care institutions. The ATP bioluminescence assay was compared to conventional swabbing techniques using standard plate count to enumerate microbial load. Assays were performed on meat slicers before use, after slicing a meat product and after sanitizing. There was a general overall agreement in results obtained by both methods but the ATP assay gave a better indication of the cleanliness of the meat slicer as it was able to detect the presence of meat residues left on the blade after improper sanitation. Results were available within 5 min using the ATP bioluminescence method, thus providing an opportunity for immediate remedial action.
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SHIBATA, Hirofumi, Kazuyoshi KAWAZOE, Takahiro SHIBATA, Shuji FUSHITANI, Miho WATANABE, Tomoko TAKAGAI, Tamiko NAGAO, Mami AZUMA, and Kazuo MINAKUCHI. "Investigation of the Cleanliness of Hospital Environmental Surfaces by Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence Assay." Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control 29, no. 6 (2014): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4058/jsei.29.417.
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Cooper, Moogega, Myron T. La Duc, Alexander Probst, Parag Vaishampayan, Christina Stam, James N. Benardini, Yvette M. Piceno, Gary L. Andersen, and Kasthuri Venkateswaran. "Comparison of Innovative Molecular Approaches and Standard Spore Assays for Assessment of Surface Cleanliness." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 15 (June 7, 2011): 5438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00192-11.
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ABSTRACTA bacterial spore assay and a molecular DNA microarray method were compared for their ability to assess relative cleanliness in the context of bacterial abundance and diversity on spacecraft surfaces. Colony counts derived from the NASA standard spore assay were extremely low for spacecraft surfaces. However, the PhyloChip generation 3 (G3) DNA microarray resolved the genetic signatures of a highly diverse suite of microorganisms in the very same sample set. Samples completely devoid of cultivable spores were shown to harbor the DNA of more than 100 distinct microbial phylotypes. Furthermore, samples with higher numbers of cultivable spores did not necessarily give rise to a greater microbial diversity upon analysis with the DNA microarray. The findings of this study clearly demonstrated that there is not a statistically significant correlation between the cultivable spore counts obtained from a sample and the degree of bacterial diversity present. Based on these results, it can be stated that validated state-of-the-art molecular techniques, such as DNA microarrays, can be utilized in parallel with classical culture-based methods to further describe the cleanliness of spacecraft surfaces.
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Hung, I.-Chen, Hao-Yuan Chang, Aristine Cheng, An-Chi Chen, Ling Ting, Mei-Wen Chen, Yeur-Hur Lai, and Wang-Huei Sheng. "Application of a fluorescent marker with quantitative bioburden methods to assess cleanliness." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 11 (September 17, 2018): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.222.
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AbstractBackgroundImprovement of environmental cleaning in hospitals has been shown to decrease in-hospital cross transmission of pathogens. Several objective methods, including aerobic colony counts (ACCs), the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay, and the fluorescent marker method have been developed to assess cleanliness. However, the standard interpretation of cleanliness using the fluorescent marker method remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the fluorescent marker method as a tool for determining the effectiveness of hospital cleaning.DesignA prospective survey study.SettingAn academic medical center.MethodsThe same 10 high-touch surfaces were tested after each terminal cleaning using (1) the fluorescent marker method, (2) the ATP assay, and (3) the ACC method. Using the fluorescent marker method under study, surfaces were classified as totally clean, partially clean, or not clean. The ACC method was used as the standard for comparison.ResultsAccording to the fluorescent marker method, of the 830 high-touch surfaces, 321 surfaces (38.7%) were totally clean (TC group), 84 surfaces (10.1%) were partially clean (PC group), and 425 surfaces (51.2%) were not clean (NC group). The TC group had significantly lower ATP and ACC values (mean ± SD, 428.7 ± 1,180.0 relative light units [RLU] and 15.6 ± 77.3 colony forming units [CFU]/100 cm2) than the PC group (1,386.8 ± 2,434.0 RLU and 34.9 ± 87.2 CFU/100 cm2) and the NC group (1,132.9 ± 2,976.1 RLU and 46.8 ± 119.2 CFU/100 cm2).ConclusionsThe fluorescent marker method provided a simple, reliable, and real-time assessment of environmental cleaning in hospitals. Our results indicate that only a surface determined to be totally clean using the fluorescent marker method could be considered clean.
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Huang, Yu-Shan, I.-Chen Hung, Mei-Ling Chen, Jann-Tay Wang, Wang-Huei Sheng, Yee-Chun Chen, and Shan-Chwen Chang. "Evaluating the efficacy of environmental cleanliness by adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay at a medical center." Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 48, no. 2 (April 2015): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2015.02.113.
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Hung, I.-Chen, Bao-Haw Huang, An-Chi Chen, Jann-Tay Wang, Wang-Huei Sheng, Yee-Chun Chen, and Shan-Chwen Chang. "Using feedback with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay improved the cleanliness of computerized nursing cart." Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 48, no. 2 (April 2015): S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2015.02.587.
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ENOKIDANI, Masafumi, Katsuya KIDA, and Akio MIYAMOTO. "Evaluation of Teat Skin Cleanliness During Milking at a Dairy Farm Using an ATP-Bioluminescence Assay." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 66, no. 12 (2013): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma.66.847.
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Ferreira, Adriano Menis, Denise de Andrade, Marcelo Alessandro Rigotti, and Maria Verônica Ferrareze Ferreira. "Condition of cleanliness of surfaces close to patients in an intensive care unit." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 19, no. 3 (June 2011): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692011000300015.
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Surface cleaning is a well-known control procedure against the dissemination of microorganisms in the hospital environment. This prospective study, carried out in an intensive care unit over the course of 14 days, describes the cleaning/disinfection conditions of four surfaces near patients. In total, 100 assessments of the surfaces were carried out after they were cleaned. Three methods were used to evaluate cleanliness: a visual inspection, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay and testing for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA. Respectively, 20%, 80% and 16% of the assessments by the visual method, ATP and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA failed. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the rates of failure of the cleaning using the ATP method, compared to the visual and microbiological methods. The visual inspection was not a reliable measure to evaluate surface cleanliness. The results demonstrated that the adopted cleaning routine should be reconsidered.
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Masia, Maria Dolores, Marco Dettori, Grazia Maria Deriu, Sabina Bellu, Lisa Arcadu, Antonio Azara, Andrea Piana, Alessandra Palmieri, Antonella Arghittu, and Paolo Castiglia. "ATP Bioluminescence for Assessing the Efficacy of the Manual Cleaning Procedure during the Reprocessing of Reusable Surgical Instruments." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030352.
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Achieving sterilization by adopting proper practices is essential to ensure that surgical instruments do not transmit microorganisms to patients. As the effectiveness of sterilization mandates effective cleaning, it is necessary to verify the success of cleaning procedures. In this study, we used the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method for assessing the efficacy of the manual cleaning procedure during the reprocessing of reusable surgical instruments. The ATP bioluminescence assay was performed on 140 surgical instruments of 12 different types, both before being cleaned (baseline) and after each of the cleaning procedures (i.e., decontamination, manual washing, drying, and visual inspection). For each instrument, two swabs were used as follows: one to sample the entire surface (test point 1) and the other to sample the most difficult part of the surface to clean (test point 2). Overall, for each type of instrument, there was a decrease in contamination ranging from 99.6 to >99.9% (log reduction from 2.40 to 3.76). Thus, in order to standardize the assessment of cleanliness, it may be useful to introduce the bioluminescence method into the daily routine or, at least, at regular time intervals as a complementary check combined with visual inspection. This would allow real-time verification of the achievement of an adequate level of cleanliness.
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Fukada, Tomoko, Yuri Tsuchiya, Hiroko Iwakiri, and Makoto Ozaki. "Adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay for monitoring contamination of the working environment of anaesthetists and cleanliness of the operating room." Journal of Infection Prevention 16, no. 1 (November 13, 2014): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757177414553492.
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Huang, Yu-Shan, Yee-Chun Chen, Mei-Ling Chen, Aristine Cheng, I.-Chen Hung, Jann-Tay Wang, Wang-Huei Sheng, and Shan-Chwen Chang. "Comparing visual inspection, aerobic colony counts, and adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay for evaluating surface cleanliness at a medical center." American Journal of Infection Control 43, no. 8 (August 2015): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.03.027.
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Probst, Alexander, Rainer Facius, Reinhard Wirth, Marco Wolf, and Christine Moissl-Eichinger. "Recovery ofBacillusSpore Contaminants from Rough Surfaces: a Challenge to Space Mission Cleanliness Control." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 5 (January 7, 2011): 1628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02037-10.
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ABSTRACTMicrobial contaminants on spacecraft can threaten the scientific integrity of space missions due to probable interference with life detection experiments. Therefore, space agencies measure the cultivable spore load (“bioburden”) of a spacecraft. A recent study has reported an insufficient recovery ofBacillus atrophaeusspores from Vectran fabric, a typical spacecraft airbag material (A. Probst, R. Facius, R. Wirth, and C. Moissl-Eichinger, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:5148-5158, 2010). Here, 10 different sampling methods were compared forB. atrophaeusspore recovery from this rough textile, revealing significantly different efficiencies (0.5 to 15.4%). The most efficient method, based on the wipe-rinse technique (foam-spatula protocol; 13.2% efficiency), was then compared to the current European Space Agency (ESA) standard wipe assay in sampling four different kinds of spacecraft-related surfaces. Results indicate that the novel protocol out-performed the standard method with an average efficiency of 41.1% compared to 13.9% for the standard method. Additional experiments were performed by sampling Vectran fabric seeded with seven different spore concentrations and five differentBacillusspecies (B. atrophaeus,B. anthracisSterne,B. megaterium,B. thuringiensis, andB. safensis). Among these,B. atrophaeusspores were recovered with the highest (13.2%) efficiency andB. anthracisSterne spores were recovered with the lowest (0.3%) efficiency. Different inoculation methods of seeding spores on test surfaces (spotting and aerosolization) resulted in different spore recovery efficiencies. The results of this study provide a step forward in understanding the spore distribution on and recovery from rough surfaces. The results presented will contribute relevant knowledge to the fields of astrobiology andB. anthracisresearch.
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Ho, Yu-Huai, Lih-Shinn Wang, Hui-Li Jiang, Chih-Hui Chang, Chia-Jung Hsieh, Dan-Chi Chang, Hsin-Yu Tu, Tan-Yun Chiu, Huei-Jen Chao, and Chun-Chieh Tseng. "Use of a Sampling Area-Adjusted Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence Assay Based on Digital Image Quantification to Assess the Cleanliness of Hospital Surfaces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 6 (June 9, 2016): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060576.
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BAKKE, MIKIO, and SHIGEYA SUZUKI. "Development of a Novel Hygiene Monitoring System Based on the Detection of Total Adenylate (ATP+ADP+AMP)." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 5 (April 3, 2018): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-432.
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ABSTRACT ATP is the universal energy molecule found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. ATP rapid hygiene monitoring tests have been employed in the food industry to ensure that adequate cleanliness is being maintained. However, because ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and AMP by metabolic processes, by heat treatment, or under acidic or alkaline conditions, total adenylate (ATP+ADP+AMP [A3]) could be a more reliable sanitation indicator of food residues that may cause biofilm formation and allergen contamination. Therefore, a novel hygiene monitoring system to measure A3 was developed based on the luciferin-luciferase assay with the combination of two enzymes, pyruvate kinase and pyruvate phosphate dikinase, that can convert ADP into ATP and recycle AMP into ATP, respectively. The newly developed A3 assay system afforded stable bioluminescence signals and equivalent linear calibration curves between relative light units (RLU) and the amounts of ATP, ADP, and AMP, respectively. To verify the significance of the A3 method, the ratios of ATP, ADP, and AMP in various food samples were determined; large amounts of ADP and AMP were found in a variety of foods, such as meat, seafood, dairy, nuts, fruits, vegetables, and fermented foods. Sanitation monitoring of stainless steel exposed to raw meat was also examined, and the A3 method achieved a 200-RLU level, the typical benchmark value, after complete washing with detergent and rinsing. In contrast, a conventional ATP method showed less than 200 RLU after only a light cold and hot water rinse. In conclusion, the A3 assay appeared to be suitable for detection of adenylates from food residues that are not detected by the conventional ATP assay.
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Santos-Junior, Aires G., Adriano M. Ferreira, Oleci P. Frota, Marcelo A. Rigotti, Larissa da S. Barcelos, Alvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, Denise de Andrade, Odanir G. Guerra, and Mara C. R. Furlan. "Effectiveness of Surface Cleaning and Disinfection in a Brazilian Healthcare Facility." Open Nursing Journal 12, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874434601812010036.
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Background: Failures in the processes of cleaning and disinfecting health service surfaces may result in the spread and transfer of pathogens that are often associated with healthcare-related infections and outbreaks. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of environmental surface cleaning and disinfection in a hospital clinic. Method: The study was conducted in a nursing ward with 45 beds. A total of 80 samples from five high-touch surfaces were evaluated before and after cleaning and disinfection, using the following methods: visual inspection, adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay, aerobic colony count, Staphylococcus aureus colony count, and evaluation of resistance to methicillin. The data analysis used nonparametric comparative and correlative tests to observe any differences in the pre- and post- cleaning and disinfection results for the surfaces assessed. Results: Effective cleaning and disinfection had a significant effect on only two surfaces when measured for the presence of adenosine triphosphate, the inner bathroom door handle (p=0.007) and the toilet bowl (p=0.01). When evaluated for Staphylococcus aureus colony count, the toilet flush handle also demonstrated a significant effect (p=0.04). Conclusion: The effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection of the surfaces tested was not satisfactory. An educational intervention is recommended for the cleaning and disinfection staff and the nursing team at the healthcare facility. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The data in the study revealed that daily hospital cleaning and disinfection in the sampled sites are not sufficient in medical and surgical wards. Hospital cleanliness must be reevaluated from the point of view of materials, such as an adequate supply of clean cloths, in addition to establishing more precise cleanliness protocols and accurate monitoring systems.
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Boyce, John M., Nancy L. Havill, Diane G. Dumigan, Michael Golebiewski, Ola Balogun, and Ramo Rizvani. "Monitoring the Effectiveness of Hospital Cleaning Practices by Use of an Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence Assay." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 30, no. 7 (July 2009): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/598243.
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Objective.To evaluate the usefulness of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay for assessing the efficacy of daily hospital cleaning practices.Design.A 2-phase prospective intervention study.Setting.A university-affiliated community teaching hospital.Methods.During phase I of our study, 5 high-touch surfaces in 20 patient rooms were sampled before and after daily cleaning. Moistened swabs were used to sample these surfaces and were then plated onto routine and selective media, and aerobic colony counts were determined after 48 hours of incubation. Specialized ATP swabs were used to sample the same high-touch surfaces in the 20 patient rooms and were then placed in luminometers, and the amount of ATP present was expressed as relative light units. During phase II of our study, after in-service housekeeper educational sessions were given, the housekeepers were told in advance when ATP readings would be taken before and after cleaning.Results.During phase I, the colony counts revealed that the 5 high-touch surfaces were often not cleaned adequately. After cleaning, 24 (24%) of the 100 surface samples were still contaminated with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, and 16 (16%) of the 100 surface samples still yielded vancomycin-resistant enterococci. ATP readings (expressed as relative light units) revealed that only bathroom grab bars and toilet seats were significantly cleaner after daily cleaning than before. During phase II, a total of 1,013 ATP readings were obtained before and after daily cleaning in 105 rooms. The median relative light unit was significantly lower (ie, surfaces were cleaner) after cleaning than before cleaning for all 5 high-touch surfaces.Conclusions.Suboptimal cleaning practices were documented by determining aerobic colony counts and by use of an ATP bioluminescence assay. ATP readings provided quantitative evidence of improved cleanliness of high-touch surfaces after the implementation of an intervention program.
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Stevens, H. M. "Efficiency and Cleanliness of Ether Extraction for Benzodiazepines in Blood Samples Treated with Aqueous Ammonia Compared with Other Methods for the Purpose of HPLC Assay." Journal of the Forensic Science Society 25, no. 1 (January 1985): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(85)72364-x.
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Gomaa, Ola M., and Abeer S. Gaweesh. "Variation in adhesion and germ tube formation of oral Candida using Egyptian propolis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 3 (March 2013): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0374.
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Adhesion of Candida cells to surfaces is considered the first step in colonization. Some natural products, such as propolis, could be used to block cell adhesion and therefore preventing colonization. In this study, Egyptian propolis ethanol extract concentrations in the range of 25 to 125 ng/μL were used to inhibit the adhesion of oral Candida. The exopolysaccharides showed a 2.5-fold decrease, while the surface-bound exopolysaccharides showed only about 1.15-fold decrease. On the other hand, surface-bound proteins decreased by 7.5-fold upon the addition of 75 ng/μL propolis. The inhibition of adhesion was detected by scanning electron microscopy. The non-slip incubation assay showed a significant decrease in germ tube formation (GTF) compared with an increase upon the addition of fetal bovine serum and corn meal, both of which had a positive effect on GTF compared with a negative GTF effect when using propolis, suggesting that propolis could be considered a quorum-sensing molecule. The use of propolis would help in maintaining the cleanliness of dental fixtures and (or) treating recurrent candidiasis as a complementary and alternative treatment, especially in elders and immunocompromised patients.
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Dankwa, Kwabena, Samuel Victor Nuvor, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Patrick Kwame Feglo, and Mohamed Mutocheluh. "Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Infection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Patients Attending ART Clinics in the Central Region of Ghana." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6040210.
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Cryptosporidium species are intestinal protozoan parasites that infect and cause diarrhoea in animals and humans. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-infected patients in the Central region of Ghana. In this cross-sectional study, four hundred eighteen documented HIV-infected participants from four health facilities that provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) services across the Central region of Ghana were selected by systematic random sampling. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CoproELISATM, Cryptosporidium Savyon® Diagnostics Ltd., Ashdod, Israel) was used to detect Cryptosporidium antigens in stool samples obtained from participants. Information regarding participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and clinical symptoms as well as potential environmental and behavioral risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine associations between Cryptosporidium infections and explanatory variables, while risk factors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-infected participants in this study was 6.2% (95% CI: 3.90–8.54). Cryptosporidium was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic variables, patient clinical symptoms, and environmental factors. However, the prevalence of the parasite was significantly higher 25% (95% CI: 1.17–48.83; p = 0.013) among participants who did not always wash their hands before meals and those who did not always wash vegetables before eating them, 23.5% (95% CI: 1.05–46.01; p = 0.016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants who used public water closet facilities were approximately 9 times more likely to become infected with the parasite than those who practised open defecation (OR: 8.83; 95% CI: 1.22–64.13; p = 0.031). In conclusion, Cryptosporidium is prevalent among HIV-infected patients in the Central region of Ghana. An important risk factor identified was the use of the public water closet toilet facility. More attention should be given to ensuring cleanliness at shared water closet facilities in addition to adequate disinfection of hands after using such facilities.
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Aryastami, Ni Ketut, Prisca Petty Arfines, Vivi Setiawaty, and Siti Isfandari. "Factors associated with measles antibody titers in children aged 12-36 months in Indonesia: an analysis of National Health Research 2013." Health Science Journal of Indonesia 12, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/hsji.v12i2.5356.
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Background: The immunization program in Indonesia has been implemented since 1956 started to eradicate smallpox and expanded until 1980, including Measles. The timely and complete implementation of basic immunization is the main strategy to protect the population, including outbreak prevention. The purpose of this study is to determine the level immunity of Measles antibody as the outcome of completed basic immunization and its contributors in children aged 12-36 months.
Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the Indonesia Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS) 2013. The analysis was carried out on a serological sample of the antibody titer of children aged 12-36 months, totaling 229 samples. The sample inclusion criteria were children who had complete sociodemographics data, basic immunization records and Measles antibody titer data. Measles examination was carried out using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.
Results: Incomplete immunization, being a boy, and lack of cleanliness in the family room were significantly associated with lower measles antibody levels in children. Having each variable controlled, completeness of immunization (OR=1,99; p=0.018; 95% CI=1.124-3.544) and gender of boy (OR=2.0; p=0.016; 95% CI=1.137-3.515) remain as significant variables for antibody’s titer.
Conclusion: The completeness of immunization has a significant association towards titer antibody of Measles in children. Immunization completeness is an actual effort to reach herd immunity in children and to prevent measles outbreak in the community. Adequate health promotion is needed to change people's behavior to believe in the safety and importance of implementing complete basic immunization for children even in pandemic conditions.
Keywords: antibody titer, immunization, children aged 12-36 months, Indonesia, measles
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Program imunisasi di Indonesia telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 1956 yang dimulai dengan pemberantasan cacar yang diperluas hingga tahun 1980, termasuk campak. Pelaksanaan imunisasi dasar yang tepat waktu dan lengkap merupakan strategi utama untuk perlindungan penduduk, termasuk pencegahan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkatan kekebalan antibodi Campak sebagai hasil dari kelengkapan imunisasi dasar dan faktor yang berkontribusi pada anak usia 12-36 bulan.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia (RISKESDAS) 2013. Analisis dilakukan pada sampel serologi titer antibodi anak usia 12-36 bulan yang berjumlah 229 sampel. Kriteria inklusi sampel adalah anak yang memiliki data sosiodemografi lengkap, catatan imunisasi dasar dan data titer antibodi Campak. Pemeriksaan campak dilakukan dengan metode Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Hasil: Imunisasi yang tidak lengkap, berjenis kelamin laki-laki, dan kurangnya kebersihan di ruang keluarga berhubungan bermakna dengan rendahnya tingkat antibodi campak pada anak. Setelah masing-masing variabel terkontrol, kelengkapan imunisasi (OR=1,99; p=0,018; 95% CI=1.124-3.544) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR=2.0; p=0.016; 95% CI=1.137-3.515) merupakan variabel yang tetap berhubungan dengan titer antibodi secara signifikan.
Kesimpulan: Kelengkapan imunisasi memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap titer antibodi Campak pada anak. Kelengkapan imunisasi merupakan upaya nyata untuk mencapai herd immunity pada anak dan mencegah wabah campak di masyarakat. Promosi kesehatan yang memadai diperlukan untuk mengubah perilaku masyarakat agar percaya akan keamanan dan pentingnya pelaksanaan imunisasi dasar lengkap bagi anak meskipun dalam kondisi pandemi.
Kata kunci: titer antibodi, imunisasi, anak usia 12-36 bulan, Indonesia, campak
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Boyce, John M., Nancy L. Havill, Abigail Lipka, Heather Havill, and Ramo Rizvani. "Variations in Hospital Daily Cleaning Practices." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 1 (January 2010): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/649225.
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Prospective observations and adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assays were used to evaluate daily cleaning practices in a university-affiliated hospital. Substantial variations were found in the amount of time spent cleaning high-touch surfaces, in the number of disinfectant wipes used in each room, and in the level of cleanliness achieved by housekeepers.
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Tajuddin, Tamrin, Irman Amri, Syach Reza Syamsuddin, and Asih Ahistasari. "Proposed Packaging of Assar Fish Products with Methods Quality Function Deployment." Journal of Industrial System Engineering and Management 1, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56882/jisem.v1i2.8.
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Generally, selling fish asar by the community, the seller only wraps or packs fish asar in the traditional way, using banana leaves. Traditional asar fish packaging is still carried out in the Sorong city area, especially in the market and its surroundings. So action or change is needed so that the asar fish which is the interest of the residents of the city of Sorong is still protected by the cleanliness and quality of the asar fish product. The packaging used to pack asar fish products is Polypropylene (PP) plastic packaging. The choice of packaging with this material is because it is strong, resistant to chemicals, heat, oil, transparent, and flexible. Quality Function Deployment is a product development system that starts from product design, manufacturing processes until the product is in the hands of consumers, where product development is based on consumer desires. This study aims to produce packaging designs for asar fish products that meet consumer desires using the Quality Function Deployment method. The research begins with distributing questionnaires, identifying consumer desires, determining the value of importance rating, technical response, technical correlation matrix, relation matrix, planning matrix, determining target specifications, making House of Quality. The resulting packaging design is a rectangle measuring 35 cm x 18 cm, made of Polypropylene (PP) plastic, packaging using a sticker measuring 12 cm x 12 cm, and the packaging is pressed using a sealer.
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Weikart, Christopher M., Alexander M. Klibanov, Adam P. Breeland, Ahmad H. Taha, Brian R. Maurer, and Steven P. Martin. "Plasma-Treated Microplates with Enhanced Protein Recoveries and Minimized Extractables." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 22, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068216666258.
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SiO2 Medical Products, Inc. (SiO) has developed a proprietary technology that greatly enhances protein recoveries and reduces extractables from commercial microplates used for bioanalytical assays and storage of biologics. SiO technology is based on plasma treatment that chemically modifies the surface of polypropylene with predominantly hydrogen-bond-acceptor uncharged polar groups. The resultant surface resists nonspecific protein adsorption over a wide range of protein concentrations, thereby eliminating the need to passivate (and hence potentially contaminate) the microplates with blocking proteins. High shelf-life stability and cleanliness of the plasma-treated microplates have been demonstrated using five different proteins for two common microplate formats. The protein recovery performance of plasma-treated microplates is found to be higher compared with commercial low-protein-binding microplates.
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Richardson, Patricia A., Margery Daughtrey, and Chuanxue Hong. "Indications of Susceptibility to Calonectria pseudonaviculata in Some Common Groundcovers and Boxwood Companion Plants." Plant Disease 104, no. 4 (April 2020): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-19-1582-re.
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Knowing the host range of a pathogen is critical to developing and implementing effective disease management programs. Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) is known to attack a number of species, varieties, and cultivars in the genus Buxus as well as three Pachysandra species (Pachysandra terminalis, Pachysandra procumbens, and Pachysandra axillaris) and several Sarcococca species, all in the Buxaceae family. The objective of this study was to evaluate non-Buxaceae groundcovers and companion plants commonly associated with boxwood plantings for their susceptibility to Cps. Twenty-seven plant species belonging to 21 families were exposed to different levels of inoculum: 50 to 300 conidia per drop for detached leaf assays and 30,000 to 120,000 conidia per 1 ml for whole-plant assays. Inoculated plants were incubated in humid environments for at least 48 h to facilitate infection. Cps infection and sporulation were observed on 12 plant species: Alchemilla mollis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Brunnera macrophylla, Epimedium × youngianum, Galium odoratum, Geranium sanguineum, Phlox subulata, Tiarella cordifolia, Callirhoe involucrata, Iberis sempervirens, Mazus reptans, and Vinca minor. These results suggest that there may be more hosts of Cps commonly grown in nurseries and landscapes. If corroborated by observations of natural infection, these findings have implications for the Boxwood Blight Cleanliness Program instituted by the National Plant Board and for planning disease mitigation at production and in the landscape.
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MILDENHALL, KRISTEN B., and SCOTT A. RANKIN. "Implications of Adenylate Metabolism in Hygiene Assessment: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 1619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-087.
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ABSTRACT The assessment of a hygienic state or cleanliness of contact surfaces has significant implications for food and medical industries seeking to monitor sanitation and exert improved control over a host of operations affecting human health. Methods used to make such assessments commonly involve visual inspections, standard microbial plating practices, and the application of ATP-based assays. Visual methods for inspection of hygienic states are inherently subjective and limited in efficacy by the accuracy of human senses, the degree of task-specific work experience, and various sources of human bias. Standard microbial swabbing and plating techniques are limited in that they require hours or even days of incubation to generate results, with such steps as enrichment and colony outgrowth resulting in delays that are often incompatible with manufacturing or usage schedules. Rapid in conduct and considered more objective in operation than visual or tactile inspection techniques, swabbing surfaces using ATP-based assessments are relied on as routine, even standard, methods of hygienic assessment alone or in complement with microbial and visual inspection methods. Still, current ATP methods remain indirect methods of total hygiene assessment and have limitations that must be understood and considered if such methods are to be applied judiciously, especially under increasingly strict demands for the verification of hygiene state. Here, we present current methods of ATP-based bioluminescence assays and describe the limitations of such methods when applied to general food manufacturing or health care facilities.
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Kar, Neha. "A STUDY ON RIGHT TO EDUCATION (RTE) ACT, 2009 AND ITS COMPLIANCE IN SCHOOLS OF GOLAGHAT DISTRICT OF ASSAM." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 9, 2019): 570–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7688.
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Purpose of the study: The purpose of the present research is to find out the awareness as well as compliance of various schools under SSA (2001) and other relevant Acts with the various government guidelines in the education sector. The major factors which are being identified for the survey are likely pupil-teacher ratio, infrastructure, health and hygiene and training provided to SMC’s.
Methodology: In conducting the following survey, descriptive research and convenience sampling has been employed. To study the current compliance of various schools under SSA (2001), a structured questionnaire has been prepared. The final questionnaire has been prepared after including various compliances on the aspects of Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Infrastructure, Health and Hygiene and SMC training. The data collected was systematically tabulated and analyzed qualitatively.
Main Findings -The findings of the study revealed that the majority of schools in Golaghat district have very less provision for visually impaired/ low vision children and children’s magazines, newspapers and other kinds of books in the library are missing within the school premises. The lack of provisions of uninterrupted running water has proved to be a major hindrance in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the schools of the district. As far as other infrastructural conditions are concerned most of the schools surveyed lacks separate classrooms and basic facilities like separate rooms for the headmaster, staff room for teachers, computer room, sports equipment and space for assembly.
Application of the study: The results of the research can be used by the child rights commission of concerned state who has the responsibility of monitoring RTE act implementation in all the schools of the state and based on the findings of the study they can make a necessary intervention to implement the RTE act.
Novelty and originality of the study: In this research, RTE compliance of various schools under SSA (2001), is studied using a structured questionnaire by considering major factors likely pupil-teacher ratio, infrastructure, health and hygiene and training provided to School Management Committees (SMC).
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Suripto and Chalida Alfani. "Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Traditional Packaged Donuts at Ampenan Market Using Xylose Lysine Deoxychoalate (XLD) Media." Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpmpi.v5i2.1835.
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Snacks in traditional packaging are a type of food favored by the community. However, not a few buyers and sellers are not aware of the importance of cleanliness of these favorite foods from contamination with pathogenic bacteria that can cause illness for people who eat them. Many of them also do not know and are skilled at checking whether the food is clean from germs or not. This study aims to transfer knowledge and skills to identify bacteria in donuts in Ampenan Market using xylose lysine deoxychoalate (XLD) media. Samples of donut snacks in traditional packaging were taken from the Ampenan market in Mataram City and then examined for the content of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory at The Mataram Laboratory Hall for Health, Testing and Calibration. The examination began with the isolation of bacteria from the sample on Selenit Broth Media in 24 hours incubation at 350C then continued with the isolation of Salmonella on selective agar media, namely XLD. The results of the isolation were examined and identified by Gram staining and bio-chemical assayt of control sugar and Salmonella suspect, oxidase and catalase tests. The results showed that Selenit Broth media could multiply and repair Salmonella cells and XLD media could separate it from other bacteria in the Gram stain. Gram stain, biochemical test, oxidase test and catalase test showed the presence of Gram negatif bacteria which was confirmed as Salmonella in the sample.
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VELAZQUEZ, MADELINE, and JOELLEN M. FEIRTAG. "Quenching and Enhancement Effects of ATP Extractants, Cleansers, and Sanitizers on the Detection of the ATP Bioluminescence Signal†." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.7.799.
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Techniques for measuring ATP bioluminescence are being used widely as rapid methods for the assessment of the cleanliness of food-processing plants. Sanitizer or cleanser residues could present a potential problem in the use of these ATP bioluminescence techniques due to the degradation of the firefly luciferin-luciferase substrate-enzyme system by these cleaning chemicals. The objectives of this study were the evaluation of the quenching and enhancement effects on the detection of the ATP bioluminescence signal using various ATP extractants, commercial cleansers, and sanitizers, and the determination of the antimicrobial properties of different concentrations of cleansers and sanitizers on Escherichia coli OI57:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonasfragi. Extractants evaluated were benzalkonium chloride, Triton X-100,benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, and trichloroacetic acid. Cleansers evaluated were an alkaline foam and an acid foam. Also evaluated were a quaternary ammonium sanitizer, a d-limolene sanitizer, commercial sodium hypochlorite, and household bleach (sodium hypochlorite). The extractant cetylpyridinium chloride (0.0125%) did not have a statistically significant effect on the detection of the ATP bioluminescence signal at a 95% confidence level. A transition from enhancement to quenching as a concentration-dependent phenomenon was observed for the alkaline foam, acid foam, commercial sodiumhypochlorite,d-limolene,and household bleach. An enhancement effect that did not appear to be concentration-dependent was observed for the quaternary ammonium sanitizer. Antimicrobial disc assays demonstrated that in some cases the cleanser or sanitizer concentration was not effective against the bacteria, but enhanced or quenched the detection of the bioluminescence signal, leading to false-positive or false-negative results respectively.
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Lesho, Emil, Donna Newhart, Lisa Reno, Scott Sleeper, Julia Nary, Jennifer Gutowski, Stephanie Yu, et al. "Effectiveness of various cleaning strategies in acute and long-term care facilities during novel corona virus 2019 disease pandemic-related staff shortages." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0261365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261365.
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Background Cleanliness of hospital surfaces helps prevent healthcare-associated infections, but comparative evaluations of various cleaning strategies during COVID-19 pandemic surges and worker shortages are scarce. Purpose and methods To evaluate the effectiveness of daily, enhanced terminal, and contingency-based cleaning strategies in an acute care hospital (ACH) and a long-term care facility (LTCF), using SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays. Daily cleaning involved light dusting and removal of visible debris while a patient is in the room. Enhanced terminal cleaning involved wet moping and surface wiping with disinfectants after a patient is permanently moved out of a room followed by ultraviolet light (UV-C), electrostatic spraying, or room fogging. Contingency-based strategies, performed only at the LTCF, involved cleaning by a commercial environmental remediation company with proprietary chemicals and room fogging. Ambient surface contamination was also assessed randomly, without regard to cleaning times. Near-patient or high-touch stationary and non-stationary environmental surfaces were sampled with pre-moistened swabs in viral transport media. Results At the ACH, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 66% of surfaces before cleaning and on 23% of those surfaces immediately after terminal cleaning, for a 65% post-cleaning reduction (p = 0.001). UV-C enhancement resulted in an 83% reduction (p = 0.023), while enhancement with electrostatic bleach application resulted in a 50% reduction (p = 0.010). ATP levels on RNA positive surfaces were not significantly different from those of RNA negative surfaces. LTCF contamination rates differed between the dementia, rehabilitation, and residential units (p = 0.005). 67% of surfaces had RNA after room fogging without terminal-style wiping. Fogging with wiping led to a -11% change in the proportion of positive surfaces. At the LTCF, mean ATP levels were lower after terminal cleaning (p = 0.016). Conclusion Ambient surface contamination varied by type of unit and outbreak conditions, but not facility type. Removal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA varied according to cleaning strategy. Implications Previous reports have shown time spent cleaning by hospital employed environmental services staff did not correlate with cleaning thoroughness. However, time spent cleaning by a commercial remediation company in this study was associated with cleaning effectiveness. These findings may be useful for optimizing allocation of cleaning resources during staffing shortages.
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Dramowski, Angela, Marina Aucamp, Adrie Bekker, Kedisaletse Moloto, Sheylyn Pillay, Mark Cotton, Susan Coffin, and Andrew Whitelaw. "Room for Improvement: Results of a Baseline Evaluation of Environmental Cleaning in a Resource-Limited Neonatal Unit." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s50—s51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.533.
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Background: Contamination of the near-patient hospital environment including work surfaces and equipment, contributes to skin colonization and subsequent invasive bacterial infections in hospitalized neonates. In resource-limited settings, cleaning of the neonatal ward environment and equipment is seldom standardized and infrequently audited. Methods: A baseline multimodal assessment of surface and equipment cleaning was performed in a 30-bed high-care neonatal ward in Cape Town, South Africa, October 7–9, 2019. Adequacy of routine cleaning was evaluated using ATP bioluminescence assays, fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) markers, and quantitative bacterial surface cultures. For flat surfaces (eg, tables, incubators, trolleys), a 10×10-cm template was used to standardize the swab inoculum; for small equipment and devices with complex surfaces (eg, humidifiers, suction apparatus, stethoscopes), a standard swabbing protocol was developed for each item. Swabs in liquid transport medium were processed in the laboratory by vortexing for 30 seconds, plating onto blood and MacConkey agars, and incubating at 37°C for 48 hours. Manual counting of bacterial colony forming units was performed, followed by conventional biochemical testing and/or VITEK automated identification. Results: Of 100 swabs (58 from surfaces and 42 from equipment), 11 yielded growth of known neonatal pathogens (Enterobacteriaceae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and enterococci), 36 isolated potential neonatal pathogens (mostly coagulase-negative staphylococci). In addition, 4 grew environmental organisms and 49 showed no growth. The highest aerobic colony counts (ACCs) were obtained from swabs of suction tubing, milk kitchen surfaces, humidifiers, and sinks; the median ACC from swabs with any bacterial growth (n = 51) was 3 (IQR, 1–22). Only 40% of the 100 surface and equipment swabs had ATP values <200 relative light units (RLU) threshold for cleanliness. Median ATP values were 301 (IQ range, 179–732) RLUs for surface swabs versus 230 (IQ range, 78–699) RLUs for equipment swabs (P = .233). Of the 100 fluorescent UV markers placed on near-patient surfaces and high-touch equipment, only 23% had been removed after 2 staff shift changes (24 hours later). Surfaces had a higher proportion of UV marker removal than equipment (19 of 58 [32.8%] vs 4 of 42 [9.5%]; P = .008). Conclusions: Environmental cleaning of this neonatal ward was suboptimal, especially for equipment. Improvement of environmental cleaning practices is an important intervention for neonatal infection prevention in resource-limited settings. Future studies should evaluate the impact of staff training, environmental cleaning tools and repeated audit with feedback, on the adequacy of cleaning in neonatal wards.Funding: Funding: for the laboratory work was provided by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) International Ambassador Alumni Research Award and a South African Medical Research Council Self-initiated Research (SIR) Grant to Angela Dramowski, who is supported by a NIH Fogarty Emerging Global Leader Award K43 TW010682.Disclosures: None
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Akerib, D. S., C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, et al. "The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs." European Physical Journal C 80, no. 11 (November 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8420-x.
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AbstractLUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $${1.4 \times 10^{-48}}\, {\hbox {cm}}^{2}$$ 1.4 × 10 - 48 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of $${40}\, \hbox {GeV}/{\hbox {c}}^{2}$$ 40 GeV / c 2 and a $${1000}\, \hbox {days}$$ 1000 days exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large $${5.6}\, \hbox {t}$$ 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.
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Nascimento, Elaine Aparecida da Silva, Vanessa de Brito Poveda, and Jussimara Monteiro. "Evaluation of different monitoring methods of surface cleanliness in operating rooms." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 74, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1263.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate different monitoring methods for detecting the presence of organic or biological matter before and after the cleaning and disinfection processes of the operating room. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study based on visual inspection, adenosine triphosphate levels and microbiological culture for the assessment of cleaning and disinfection. Results: 93.3% of the surfaces inspected visually for this study purpose were considered clean, even when high levels of adenosine triphosphate and microbiological analysis detected presence of microorganisms relevant to biofilm formation. Conclusions: the cleaning and disinfection processes reduced the microbial load and organic matter of the inspected surfaces, demonstrated by the values obtained by the adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay and microbiological analysis, but the visual inspection as a unique tool to assess the surfaces’ cleanliness may give a false impression of clean environment.
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Benardini, James N., and Kasthuri Venkateswaran. "Application of the ATP assay to rapidly assess cleanliness of spacecraft surfaces: a path to set a standard for future missions." AMB Express 6, no. 1 (November 14, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0286-9.
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Hendrickson, Ryan, Camilla Urbaniak, Jeremiah J. Minich, Heidi S. Aronson, Cameron Martino, Ramunas Stepanauskas, Rob Knight, and Kasthuri Venkateswaran. "Clean room microbiome complexity impacts planetary protection bioburden." Microbiome 9, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01159-x.
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Abstract Background The Spacecraft Assembly Facility (SAF) at the NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the primary cleanroom facility used in the construction of some of the planetary protection (PP)-sensitive missions developed by NASA, including the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover that launched in July 2020. SAF floor samples (n=98) were collected, over a 6-month period in 2016 prior to the construction of the Mars rover subsystems, to better understand the temporal and spatial distribution of bacterial populations (total, viable, cultivable, and spore) in this unique cleanroom. Results Cleanroom samples were examined for total (living and dead) and viable (living only) microbial populations using molecular approaches and cultured isolates employing the traditional NASA standard spore assay (NSA), which predominantly isolated spores. The 130 NSA isolates were represented by 16 bacterial genera, of which 97% were identified as spore-formers via Sanger sequencing. The most spatially abundant isolate was Bacillus subtilis, and the most temporally abundant spore-former was Virgibacillus panthothenticus. The 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing detected 51 additional genera not found in the NSA method. The amplicon sequencing of the samples treated with propidium monoazide (PMA), which would differentiate between viable and dead organisms, revealed a total of 54 genera: 46 viable non-spore forming genera and 8 viable spore forming genera in these samples. The microbial diversity generated by the amplicon sequencing corresponded to ~86% non-spore-formers and ~14% spore-formers. The most common spatially distributed genera were Sphinigobium, Geobacillus, and Bacillus whereas temporally distributed common genera were Acinetobacter, Geobacilllus, and Bacillus. Single-cell genomics detected 6 genera in the sample analyzed, with the most prominent being Acinetobacter. Conclusion This study clearly established that detecting spores via NSA does not provide a complete assessment for the cleanliness of spacecraft-associated environments since it failed to detect several PP-relevant genera that were only recovered via molecular methods. This highlights the importance of a methodological paradigm shift to appropriately monitor bioburden in cleanrooms for not only the aeronautical industry but also for pharmaceutical, medical industries, etc., and the need to employ molecular sequencing to complement traditional culture-based assays.
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Nahar Ferdous, Rabeya, Bashir Abubakar Mohamud, Shah Md. Zahurul Haque Asna, and Mohammad Moniruzzaman. "Determination of Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Bangladeshi and Somalian Students." Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases, March 17, 2022, 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2022/v9i230266.
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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are the prime health concern nowadays as this may lead to peptic ulcer diseases and several types of stomach cancer. Factors including genetic, socioeconomic, ecological, personal hygiene and sanitation, and bacterial features are accountable for the predominance and development of disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori and their association with age, sex, food habits and source, irregular meals, and physical activities among Bangladeshi and Somalian students. Cross-sectional structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic, food habits and lifestyle data. A total 80 Bangladeshi (32) and Somalian (48) students participated in this study. Selected students were invited to the laboratory to provide blood samples for H. pylori IgG antibody detection through Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Data from the survey and laboratory were analyzed using SPPS v.26. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to find an association between H. pylori infection and factors. Around 55% of the participants were found seropositive. Among them Somalian students were prevalently higher than Bangladeshi students. Mostly younger males were found seropositive regardless of age and educational level. Multivariate analysis revealed gender (OR:4.524, CI:1.526-13.407), ethnic origin (OR:4.200, CI:1.622-10.872), skipping of meals (OR:8.600, CI:0.984-75.151) and breakfast (OR:11.205, CI: 3.740-33.568) and physical activity levels (OR:0.286, CI:0.113-0.721) were significantly linked with H. pylori infections. More than two-third Somalian students (68.7%) were infected with H. pylori whereas one-third of Bangladeshi students were found positive. Somalian students were found to be less active and the pattern of skipping meals and breakfast was higher compared to Bangladeshi counterparts. Somalian students probably carried H. pylori infection from their native land, and less physical activity and mistiming of taking meals enhanced the infection. Communication barriers and food preferences could be other reasons. To prevent this infection, we suggest cleanliness, a healthy life style and nutritious meals with adequate physical activities are obligatory.
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Saikia, Dr Mriganka. "A CASE STUDY ON DIMENSIONS OF TOURIST SATISFACTION WITH KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK OF ASSAM." EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), January 24, 2020, 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra3941.
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The purpose of the study is to find out dimensions of tourist satisfaction towards tourism services provided at Kaziranga National Park (KNP) of Assam. All the determinants of dimensions of tourist satisfaction toward the destination will be measured by Five point Likert Scale, ranging from (5) Excellent to (1) Very Poor. The study had collected data with the help of a questionnaire from 450 tourists that have visited KNP during October, 2018-March 2019. The collected data is analyzed using econometric and non-econometric methods to identify the important factors that determine tourist satisfaction. The result indicates factors such as cleanliness, improved amenities and safety and security are very important to ensure overall high level tourist’s satisfaction. From findings of the study, it suggests that future of KNP should be a place of important and preferred destination for all domestic and international tourists. KEYWORDS: Tourism, Tourist Satisfaction, KNP and Assam.
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Islam, R., S. Islam, and M. Rahman. "Assessment of hygienic and sanitation practices among poultry butchers in selected Municipality areas of Assam (India)." Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 53, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2022.53.2.269-278.
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A study was conducted in Dhubri and Biswanath Chariali Municipality areas to assess the adoption of hygienic and sanitation practices being followed by poultry butchers. A total of 60 poultry butchers were selected randomly, 30 from each Municipality area so that the final sample consisted of 60 poultry butchers. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured interview schedule by personal interviews. The schedule was designed to collect information on the socioeconomic profile of the butchers, personal and meat shop hygiene, maintenance of meat shop and its equipment. The data revealed that all the poultry butchers were male among which (75%) of them had an education level only up to eight standard. The overall mean age of the poultry butchers was found to be 39.95±8.64 years of which majority (75%) of them belong to middle age group. The present study indicated that none of the poultry butchers underwent any formal training for hygienic meat handling. It was also pointed out that most (85%) of the butcheries were located at market area, while only a few (15%) were found in the residential area. Only 18.33 per cent of the poultry butchers wore clean clothes while 81.67 per cent of them did not adopt this practice during working. Majority (88.33%) of them did not wash their hands after smoking/ chewing tobacco.It was also revealed that majority (88.33%) of the butchers did not clean knives before and after cutting of meat. Majority of the butchers agreed that cleanliness of equipment (71.67%), the meat shop and its surrounding (68.33%) and personal hygiene (68.33%) were some of the important factors that were essential to ensure wholesome meat production. From the above study, it may be concluded that appropriate interventional measures by the concerned agencies such as awareness trainings for poultry butchers on crucial areas of food safety, hygienic practices relating to meat handling and personal safety are imperative. The results of the study also shed light on the need for measures to improve the infrastructural facilities in poultry meat butcheries and for appropriate interventions to strengthen the food quality control system by the government regulatory authorities.
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Dang, Tyler, Sohrab Bodaghi, Fatima Osman, Jinbo Wang, Tavia Rucker, Shih-Hua Tan, Amy Huang, et al. "A comparative analysis of RNA isolation methods optimized for high-throughput detection of viral pathogens in California’s regulatory and disease management program for citrus propagative materials." Frontiers in Agronomy 4 (August 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.911627.
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Citrus germplasm programs can benefit from high-throughput polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for the detection of graft-transmissible pathogens in propagative materials. These methods increase diagnostic capacity, and thus contribute to the prevention of disease spread from nurseries to citrus orchards. High quality nucleic acids, as determined by purity, concentration, and integrity, are a prerequisite for reliable PCR detection of citrus pathogens. Citrus tissues contain high levels of polyphenols and polysaccharides, which can affect nucleic acid quality and inhibit PCR reactions. Various commercially available RNA isolation methods are used for citrus and include: phenol-chloroform (TRIzol®, Thermo Fisher Scientific); silica columns (RNeasy® Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen); and magnetic beads-based methods (MagMAX™-96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific). To determine the quality of RNA and its impact on the detection of graft-transmissible citrus pathogens in reverse transcription (RT) PCR-based assays, we compared these three RNA isolation methods. We assessed RNA purity, concentration, and integrity from citrus inoculated with different viruses and viroids. All three RNA isolation methods produced high quality RNA, and its use in different RT-PCR assays resulted in the detection of all targeted citrus viruses and viroids with no false positive or negative results. TRIzol® yielded RNA with the highest concentration and integrity values but some samples required serial dilutions to remove PCR inhibitors and detect the targeted pathogens. The RNeasy® kit produced the second highest concentration and purity of RNA, and similar integrity to TRIzol®. MagMAX™ isolation also provided high quality RNA but most importantly produced RNA with consistent results clustered around a median value for concentration, purity, and integrity. Subsequently, MagMAX™-96 was combined with the semi-automated MagMAX™ Express-96 Deep Well Magnetic Particle Processor, for high-throughput sample processing. MagMAX™-96 enabled the diagnostic laboratory of the Citrus Clonal Protection Program-National Clean Plant Network at the University of California, Riverside to process over 16,500 samples from citrus budwood source trees between 2010 and 2019. This high-throughput approach dramatically reduced the incidence of viroids in citrus nurseries and was key to the successful implementation of the mandatory Citrus Nursery Stock Pest Cleanliness Program in California.
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Dramowski, A., M. Aucamp, A. Bekker, S. Pillay, K. Moloto, A. C. Whitelaw, M. F. Cotton, and S. Coffin. "NeoCLEAN: a multimodal strategy to enhance environmental cleaning in a resource-limited neonatal unit." Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 10, no. 1 (February 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-00905-y.
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Abstract Background Contamination of the hospital environment contributes to neonatal bacterial colonization and infection. Cleaning of hospital surfaces and equipment is seldom audited in resource-limited settings. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted to assess the impact of a multimodal cleaning intervention for surfaces and equipment in a 30-bed neonatal ward. The intervention included cleaning audits with feedback, cleaning checklists, in-room cleaning wipes and training of staff and mothers in cleaning methods. Cleaning adequacy was evaluated for 100 items (58 surfaces, 42 equipment) using quantitative bacterial surface cultures, adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assays and fluorescent ultraviolet markers, performed at baseline (P1, October 2019), early intervention (P2, November 2019) and late intervention (P3, February 2020). Results Environmental swabs (55/300; 18.3%) yielded growth of 78 potential neonatal pathogens with Enterococci, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and A. baumannii predominating. Highest aerobic colony counts were noted from moist surfaces such as sinks, milk kitchen surfaces, humidifiers and suction tubing. The proportion of surfaces and equipment exhibiting no bacterial growth increased between phases (P1 = 49%, P2 = 66%, P3 = 69%; p = 0.007). The proportion of surfaces and equipment meeting the ATP “cleanliness” threshold (< 200 relative light units) increased over time (P1 = 40%, P2 = 54%, P3 = 65%; p = 0.002), as did the UV marker removal rate (P1 = 23%, P2 = 71%, P3 = 74%; p < 0.001). Conclusion Routine environmental cleaning of this neonatal ward was sub-optimal at baseline but improved significantly following a multimodal cleaning intervention. Involving mothers and nursing staff was key to achieving improved environmental and equipment cleaning in this resource-limited neonatal unit.