Journal articles on the topic 'Cleaning, protection, historical documents'
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Xu (徐暢), Chang. "A Review of the Hot Topics in 20 Years of Collating and Researching the Documents from the Three Kingdoms State of Wu Excavated at Zoumalou." Bamboo and Silk 5, no. 2 (September 13, 2022): 313–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689246-20220025.
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Abstract In 1996, a batch of slips (jian 簡) and tablets (du 牘) from the Three Kingdoms state of Sun Wu was excavated at Zoumalou, Changsha. It is the largest batch of slips and tablets ever discovered in China. As of 2016, the cleaning, protection and study of the Zoumalou materials has been going on for 20 years. Both the publication of the materials and research on their contents have yielded fruitful results. This paper does not seek to comprehensively review all of that work, but rather intends to outline the development of the field of Wu slip studies itself, and the topics that have been hotly debated have changed over time. When the Zoumalou slips were discovered, they had been damaged and mixed up, so the ideal situation would have been to start with reconstructing the documents, and then use relatively complete historical texts to explore relevant historical issues. Due to the long publication process, scholarship first centered on reconstructing the Household Registration and Accounting Documents in the Wu slips, and then on the Wu’s administrative documents as published in the successive official volumes of the slips and boards of official documents. These included a wealth of administrative information that needed to be sorted out. One of the main directions for future research on Wu slips will be using these official documents to study the administrative document system of Sun Wu’s commanderies and counties.
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Parfenov, Vadim, Alexander Galushkin, Tatiana Tkachenko, and Vladimir Aseev. "Laser Cleaning as Novel Approach to Preservation of Historical Books and Documents on a Paper Basis." Quantum Beam Science 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs6030023.
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The purpose of this work is the study of laser cleaning of historical paper. The effect of laser exposure of the paper reflectance, fracture resistance and acidity was investigated. The paper surface roughness before and after laser treatment was analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that use of multi-pulse micromachining in combination with high-speed scanning of laser beams provides high safety for paper cleaning. The optimal parameters of laser radiation for effective and safe cleaning are a power density of about 2 × 105 W/cm2 at a wavelength of 1.06 μm, pulse repetition rate is 20 kHz; and a beam scanning speed of 200 mm/s–500 mm/s. The selective laser cleaning method for books and documents was proposed. Selective cleaning is achieved by means of high-precision control of the trajectory of movement of laser beams.
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Nazarova, A., and D. Mishagina. "SCYLINE OF THE HISTORIC CITY CENTER: ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE VALUE AND PROTECTION (THE SAINT PETERSBURG EXPERIENCE)." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-7-51-61.
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The architectural appearance of historical cities is transforming over time. The elements and characteristics of the historical urban environment being preserved for future generations support the ideas about the values of the urban landscape and contribute to the continuous development of its artistic image. The protection of architectural and urban heritage is provided by a set of normative, legal documents and documents of socio-economic and spatial planning. At the present stage of the development of domestic legislation, a new "tool" for the comprehensive protection of the historical environment is being developed and implemented. It is the status of "historical settlement", within the boundaries of which the entire set of valuable elements and parameters of the historical environment is subject of protection. To date, the selection criteria and the mechanism for the protection of elements presenting the subject of protection of a historical settlement have not been developed. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the skyline organization of the historic center of St. Petersburg. It includes recommendations for improving the system of regulation of urban planning activities in order to preserve the skyline and composition of historical buildings as components of the subject of protection of historical settlements. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the skyline organization of buildings and impact factors, proposals for the protection of the skyline can be included in the system of requirements for land use and urban planning regulations within the boundaries of zones of protection of cultural heritage properties, as well as within the boundaries of the territory of a historical settlement.
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Ochocińska, K., M. Sawczak, M. Martin, J. Bredal Jorgensen, A. Kamińska, and G. Śliwiński. "LIPS spectroscopy for the contamination analysis and laser cleaning diagnostics of historical paper documents." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 68, no. 1-2 (September 2003): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00289-5.
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Aprosimov, D. A. "MONUMENT PROTECTION ACTIVITY IN YAKUTIA IN 1950–1960." Northern Archives and Expeditions 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2022-6-2-18-25.
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The article deals with the problems and prerequisites for the formation of monument protection activities on the territory of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in particular in the city of Yakutsk, in the 50–60s. 20th century The work was mainly prepared on the basis of documents from the personal fund of the doctor of historical sciences, professor, first chairman of the Yakut republican branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments G.P. Basharin, stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Narrative, historical-comparative, historical-biographical methods were used in the work on this article. The activities for the protection, restoration and installation of monuments in the districts of the republic are described on the basis of a report on the activities of the republican branch of the All-Union Society for 1966–1969, the main results and difficulties in the work of local branches in the districts of the republic are given.
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Li, W. B., G. L. Li, and Y. Yang. "RESEARCH OF FUZHOU HISTORICAL BUILDING MANAGEMENT PLATFORM BASED ON DATA WAREHOUSE TECHNOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 23, 2019): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-671-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In order to solve the problem of "data island" in the management of Fuzhou historical buildings. This paper analyzes historical building management needs and historical building management indicators. Then the data warehouse model of historic buildings is constructed by using dimension modeling method, and a set of data warehouse of Fuzhou historic buildings is designed and established. Finally, a historical building management platform was built on the basis of the historical building data warehouse, which realized the entry, standardization, extraction and cleaning of historical building management data. It provides data support for data mining of historic buildings in order to realize the protection, activation, utilization and standardized management of Fuzhou historic buildings.</p>
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Nakamura, Shigehisa. "TSUNAMI THREAT EVALUATION BY HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, NUMERICAL MODEL AND STOCHASTIC MODEL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.194.
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An evaluation of local tsunami threat was studied first refering to the historical documents and the catalogs. Secondly, an example of a numerical model of a finite difference method was discussed in relation to problems for reproducing the past local tsunamis and predicting a forthcoming tsunami. Lastly, a stochastic model was utilized in order to evaluate an exceedance probability of tsunami occurrencein an interested time period at an interesting local area where the concerened information or prediction was in need. The evaluation of a local tsunami threat is useful to get a more effective measure for the tsunami warning system and for protection works.
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Passaretti, Arianna, Luana Cuvillier, Giorgia Sciutto, Elodie Guilminot, and Edith Joseph. "Biologically Derived Gels for the Cleaning of Historical and Artistic Metal Heritage." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 3405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083405.
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In the general global rise of attention and research to seek greener attitudes, the field of cultural heritage (CH) makes no exception. In the last decades, an increasing number of sustainable and biologically based solutions have been proposed for the protection and care of artworks. Additionally, the safety of the target artwork and the operator must be kept as core goals. Within this scenario, new products and treatments should be explored and implemented in the common conservation praxes. Therefore, this review addressing metal heritage is aimed to report biologically derived gel formulations already proposed for this specific area as reliable tools for cleaning. Promising bio-gel-based protocols, still to be implemented in metal conservation, are also presented to promote their investigation by stakeholders in metal conservation. After an opening overview on the common practices for cleaning metallic surfaces in CH, the focus will be moved onto the potentialities of gel-alternatives and in particular of ones with a biological origin. In more detail, we displayed water-gels (i.e., hydrogels) and solvent-gels (i.e., organogels) together with particular attention to bio-solvents. The discussion is closed in light of the state-of-the-art and future perspectives.
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Driskill, Samantha Tisdale, Paige LeForce DeFalco, Jill Holbert Lang, and Janette Habashi. "Constitutional Analysis: A Proclamation of Children's Right to Protection, Provision, and Participation." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 2 (2010): 267–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181809x12615514762046.
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AbstractThe study of children's images as delineated in constitutional documents highlights the historical transitions that have occurred within and among countries, as manifested in the Convention of the Rights of the Child. As such, content analysis was administered to examine constitutional and amendment documents of 179 nation-states listed and recognized by the United Nations Development Programme in the Human Developmental Index. This analysis produced quantitative and qualitative data in which it described the ranking of each country and it's postulation toward children's protection, provision and participation as outlined by CRC. The findings provide greater understanding of the nation-state posture towards children as active rights bearers.
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Albano, Michela, Silvia Grassi, Giacomo Fiocco, Claudia Invernizzi, Tommaso Rovetta, Maurizio Licchelli, Raffaella Marotti, Curzio Merlo, Daniela Comelli, and Marco Malagodi. "A Preliminary Spectroscopic Approach to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Water- and Silicone-Based Cleaning Methods on Historical Varnished Brass." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 3982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113982.
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Soiling deposition and wrong conservation practices are among the causes of the decay process that can affect the morphological, mechanical, and compositional features of the varnish, the most exposed layer of an artefact. In this perspective, the identification of the best cleaning practices is a priority. During the 18th century, scientific instruments of the highest quality were built, and peculiar varnishes were produced to confer protection and elegance to their metal elements. For this study, based on a historical recipe, we have reproduced a peculiar spirit varnish, enriched with natural resins and colorants, and we have applied on it a synthetic soiling mixture to simulate the aging conditions. We have then performed a non-invasive multi-analytical study to monitor the effectiveness of two water-based and a silicone-based, cleaning methods, namely, water in agarose, Tween 20 (3%) in agarose, and Velvesil™ Plus. The study includes colorimetry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping, coupled with chemometrics. Principal component analysis applied to FTIR spectral data has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to enhance weak variations in the IR spectra, empowering the interpretation of cleaning effect versus the application time of each cleaning test.
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Guglielmi, Vittoria, Valeria Comite, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Andrea Bergomi, Elisabetta Boanini, Roberto Bonomi, Elisa Monfasani, Letizia Sassi, Mattia Borelli, and Paola Fermo. "Restoration of a Textile Artefact: A Comparison of Cleaning Procedures Applied to a Historical Tapestry from the Quirinale Palace (Rome)." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042669.
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The cleaning of textile artefacts and in particular historical tapestries is generally carried out using standard methods. Different cleaning procedures, including a new method based on a hydro-aspiration mechanism, recently developed by restorers with the aim of improving the efficiency of the cleaning system, were applied to a historical tapestry belonging to the lower edge of one of the tapestries of the “Ulysses Stories” series exhibited at the Quirinale Palace (Rome). The tapestry was made of wool and silk and has precious decorations made of metal yarns, which are particularly fragile. The new cleaning system was compared with the traditional methods commonly used by restorers for tapestry cleaning. For this purpose, the quantity and chemical composition of the particles removed and collected on quartz fibre filters by applying the different cleaning systems, were estimated by means of analytical techniques, such as IC (Ion Chromatography) for the quantification of the ionic species collected into the rinsing water, the TOT (Thermal Optical Transmittance) method for the quantification of the carbonaceous particles and SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) for yarn morphological characterization and elemental analysis of the deposited particles. The objective of this study is to identify the correct cleaning method to apply to the polymaterial tapestry and, in particular, to the gilded silver and gold metallic yarns, whose conservation state requires the preservation of the “self-protection” patina necessary for the future exhibition inside the Quirinale Palace. The new hydro-aspiration method was found to be more efficient in removing dirt and preserving the structure of the metallic threads being in this way less invasive in detaching the fragile surface patina and at the same time more effective in removing dirt.
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Khodorchuk, V. Y., and V. P. Yaroshevsky. "The engineering design of fermentation unit for microbial plant protection products small-scale manufacturing." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 13(112) (2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-6.
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Annotation Purpose. Fermentation unit development based of thin-walled bioreactors for microbial plant protection products manufacturing. Methods. System design technique, cost-effectiveness analysis, experimental proof and tests. Results. The fermentation unit was designed. It consists of upgraded industrial sterilizer for nutrient medium making and it further sterilization, two thin-walled fermenters, which could be run in two agitation modes: air bubbling and external loop circulation by pump. Equipment sterilization was substituted by disinfect cleaning and steaming. Air and water flows were sterilized by filtration and UV-radiation. Conclusions 1. The engineering design of modern fermentation unit FU-500 with 500 dm3 per cycle capacity was developed, intended for further design documents development and also for using in investment projects. 2. The design of cleaning and sterilization procedures support was worked out, specifically easy-removal piping system was employed; fermentation vessels were fitted with minimum amount of connecting sockets and had no prominent parts inside. 3. In comparison with the fermentation complex CFM-420 the present engineering design permits technical and economical parameters significant improvement, in particular capacity increasing at 19 %, equipment weight decrease at 47 %, rated output power reduction at 69 % and 60 % operating aria save. Keywords: design, thin-walled fermenter, simplified sterilization, plant protection.
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Ivanova, Alisa Sergeevna. "Administrative transformations of the cultural heritage protection authorities in Krasnoyarsk Krai (1980-2010)." Урбанистика, no. 2 (February 2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2310-8673.2021.2.32549.
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The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the historical processes of establishment and development of the system of state protection of historical and cultural heritage in the largest Siberian region – Krasnoyarsk Krai. The author explores the period of institutional development of the system in form of designated institutions since its establishment in the mid-1980s to the present. The object of this research is the system of administrative arrangement and control of the heritage protection authority in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Detailed analysis is conducted on the content of official documents, resolutions and executive orders of the government of Krasnoyarsk Krai, which served as the basic sources on the history of the organization of state protection of historical sites in the region. The author determines the peculiarities of functioning of the system of state protection of cultural heritage sites in Krasnoyarsk Krai, depending on its place in the time-varying administrative hierarchy of regional government. The research is based on the analysis of administrative transformations in the sphere of state protection of heritage through outlining gradual historical stages in the development of control (subordination) system of the cultural and historical l heritage protection authorities in Krasnoyarsk Krai The obtained conclusions lie in the peculiarities of current functioning of the system of state protection of heritage in Krasnoyarsk Krai. This article is first to trace the history of development of the system of state protection of historical and cultural heritage from the perspective of its hierarchical status in administrative governance of the region. It is indicated that the division of the state protection of monuments into an independent structure with separate authority increases the role and significance of the branch of state protection of cultural heritage sites in the region.
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Pejović, Snežana, and Joško Katelan. "Historical Archives and Born Digital Records." Atlanti 27, no. 1 (October 16, 2017): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.27.1.63-78(2017).
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The paper deals with the specificities of handling historical documents when it comes to the application of IC technologies and the creation of new, digital records, in the process of their arrangement, processing, protection and presentation. Besides general attitudes related to this issue, as perceived from the viewpoint of contemporary archival theory and practice, descriptions have been given of the cases from the practice of Montenegro State Archives.The goal of this paper is to draw attention to expert public to the difficulties archival profession in underdeveloped countries is faced with in its efforts to preserve archival cultural heritage, both the one stored in archives, and the one being created with the ever so widely used information technologies through all forms of human activity, including the overall archival practice.
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VICTORINA, AMY. "Cultuurhistorische landschappen op Bonaire." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2020.3.003.vict.
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Interview with Claudia Kraan. Cultural-historical landscapes on Bonaire: flexible and sustainable protection of heritage As the least populated of the ‘Benedenwindse Eilanden’, Bonaire still has many special landscapes. There, archaeologist Claudia Kraan is involved in drawing up policy documents in the context of the implementation of the Malta Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage. Part of this is a nomination file of some cultural-historical landscapes on Bonaire, based on the existing archaeological sites. Claudia is formally employed by the National Archaeological Anthropological Memory Management (NAAM), a nonprofit organization that is committed to the conservation, identification and research of the material and intangible heritage of Curaçao and Bonaire in a Caribbean perspective. In this interview Claudia Kraan gives us an insight in her work and the opportunities and barriers she sees in the protection of heritage of Bonaire.
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Glodya, Taras A. "Strokes to the Portrait of Sergiy Bachynski." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 1, no. 1-2 (December 20, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2611804.
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As a result of the conducted scientifically-searching work with bringing in of new sources, analysis of the found archived documents, information is specified about the course of life of Serhij Baczynskiy as a result of her verification with other documents and materials, in particular information is improved about his journalistic work. Ukrainian history of the first half of ХХ century is a difficult period of social and political, military and cultural processesin that active voice was accepted by Ukrainian intelligentsia. Traditionally exactly this social class was and remains the leader of Ukrainian motion. On the modern stage of development of historical science scientists more and more apply to prosopography as to direction of historical and biographical research that envisages personification of the past by the study of historical events and their consequences through the prism of human factor. The names of many participants of Ukrainian national-democratic revolution in the second half of ХХ century were unfairly forgotten or intentionally held back the soviet system, that resulted in "cleaning" out of information. Andonly with therevival of Ukrainian independence back to scientific turnover historical memory began to go about the forbidden past and about the representatives of twenty-fourhours, that created him. To their number it is possible to take a native of Katerynoslavschyny, public-political figure, publicist, agriculturist, teacher of the first Ukrainian gymnasium, secretary of presidium of Labour congress of Ukraine(to parliament of People’s Republic of Ukraine), and afterwards emigrant Serhij Baczynskiy (1887-1941).
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Pszczyński, Mateusz. "Park kulturowy a planowanie przestrzenne." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1187.
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The article presents the institution of a cultural park, which is a form of protection of historical monuments. The influence of cultural park assumptions on spatial planning in the commune was pointed out. At the same time, it was shown that the creation of a cultural park is to a large extent dependent on existing planning documents.
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Helgesen, Jan E. "Protecting minorities in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) process." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 2, no. 1 (1994): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181194x00076.
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AbstractThis article gives an analysis of the protection of minorities in the CSCE documents. It explains the historical evolution of the set of norms pertaining to the minority question in the CSCE Process. The author shows how this kind of questions, form the beginning, played a modest role in the crusade for the protection of human rights. Emphasis was on the protection of the individual, not on the group as such. Gradually, however, more importance has been given to the protection of minorities. The author is convinced that the CSCE is an interesting option for those wanting to enhance the international protection of the rights of minorities. He puts particular emphasis on the establishment of the CSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities.
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Shamukaramova, Feruza. "Academician Yahya Gulyamov - scientist and organizer of science." Infolib 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47267/2181-8207/2020/3-036.
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This essay is devoted to the vast scientific and practical activities of the famous historian – the academician Yahya Gulyamov, who was archaeologist, great specialist in history, head of numerous archaeological expeditions. The article presents the way of his rising from a young researcher to the immense specialist in historical science of Uzbekistan. The essay is of historical and historiographical character. In research there were used the documents of Ya. G. Gulymov’s personal fund stored in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the materials of documentary film «Umr Daftari», and his studies. A special attention is paid to his participation in protection of archaeological and historical monuments threatened to be destroyed
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Niu, Qiang. "GIS Based Large Scale Modeling and Archiving of Buildings in Historic Conservation Area: Take Luojia Hill Historic Conservation Area for Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3553.
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Based on the Geo-Model of GIS, the article researches the large scale modeling method for buildings in historic conservation area. Based on this model and the hotlink function of GIS, the method can efficiently manage and store the historic building attributes such as building name, age, historical value, multimedia information such as photographs and videos, and archive documents about historical events, drawings, protection issues, etc. The method support convenient and visual information utilization, including information analysis, 3D scene browse, thematic map, animation of historical evolution, etc. The application in Luojia Hill historic conservation area proves that the method has the character of high efficiency in modeling, good effect in information management, low workload, and convenience in use.
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Идрышева Сара Кимадиевна. "РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦИЯ НОРМ О ПРАВАХ ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ДОКУМЕНТАХ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА И ДОКУМЕНТАХ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА." World Science 3, no. 3(43) (March 31, 2019): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31032019/6421.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the main program documents on the establishment of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as its predecessors in terms of identifying the participants in these integration associations about the purpose of creating interstate unions. Based on the application of logical, historical methods of scientific research and comparative legal analysis of the texts of constituent documents of two subjects of international law, the author comes to the conclusion that there is such a lack of constituent documents of the Eurasian Economic Union as the lack of emphasis on ensuring well-being for each person living in the union states. The author believes that the prevalence in the constituent documents of the EAEU goals of achieving economic success entails an appropriate attitude to the degree of protection of human rights in this union.
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Kuzmiak, I., V. Kravtsov, O. Pecherytsia, and O. Pasieka. "Nuclear Security: A Synonym of Physical Protection or A Component of Nuclear and Radiation Safety?" Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 2(74) (May 22, 2017): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2017.2(74).10.
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The paper considers the question of implementing nuclear security into the area of nuclear energy use in Ukraine. The comparative analysis of international conventions, IAEA recommendations, national regulations on physical protection and nuclear security and legislative framework of Ukraine on physical protection was provided for this purpose. The research presents the trends and patterns in historical development of physical protection and nuclear security and their position in nuclear and radiation safety regulatory framework. IAEA recommendations on essential elements of nuclear security regime and practical knowledge on basic components of nuclear security and interface with nuclear safety in Ukraine are examined. Recommendations on promising ways of physical protection regime maintenance and nuclear security regime implementation in Ukraine, as well as proposals on development of first-priority regulatory documents on nuclear security are provided.
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Koçak, A., and Z. Kilit. "Restoration and Strengthening of a Historical Structure in Antalya - Turkey." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.575.
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Protection and restoration of historical structure has a big importance to transfer past from future. It is necessary to protect all materials and documents that includes past culture, life style and life art in purpose of human history. Structures that used in past, is most important of these materials. Protection of historical structures that reflect to history of period and is historical artifact is also important because of emphasized reason. There are many historical structures in different region of Turkey. Some structuring especially show all cultural structure of that period and stand erect as grand monument. But in the length of time these type structures abrade and lose their nature, because of natural or other reason. After ever earthquake, almost each historical structures have permanent damages in Turkey which is earthquake area. For this reason, It is necessary to transfer future these historical structures by strength and repairing to discover local earth conditions and equipments that used in structure against to earthquake and other affects, determining damaged condition, determining system of architecture and conveyer to these historical structures On the other side, protection of structure can be provided with help of increasing functionality. Unused and closed historical structure will abrade and because of natural and other affects, it will damages and becomes unused. So, basic protection is to use and repair periodically to these historical structures. In near future, protection and restoration of historical structures get importance in Turkey. Many historical structures start to handle for this propose, works pick up speed for restorations. Mustafa Kemal primary school which used as school long time, and completed construction in 1910 Antalya-Turkey, is other important cultural heritage. Accumulation school building has basement, ground floor, and 1.floor. Because of floor height, basement has not been used. Other two floors have been used for common room, laboratory and toilet. In this work, after building survey of historical building used for school had been taken, equipment used in building had been confirmed and local earth condition had been determined, according to exist Turkish Regulations building analyze had been done. According to lacks of structure, it had been invigorated. For propose of implementation of architecture style to period, all added parts had been restored and renewed to damaged parts. Keywords: Restoration, strengthening, historical structure
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Ford, Gary T., and John E. Calfee. "Recent Developments in FTC Policy on Deception." Journal of Marketing 50, no. 3 (July 1986): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298605000307.
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This article discusses the FTC's 1983 policy statement on the meaning of deception. It places the statement in historical context and discusses the relations between the statement and other FTC documents, including the 1980 policy statement on unfairness and recent FTC opinions in consumer protection cases. Considerable attention is given to the specific elements of deception, the concrete meaning of those elements, and likely implications for future policy and for the role of consumer research.
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Šantrůčková, Markéta, Martin Weber, Eva Sojková, and Lucia Bendíková. "Map Analysis of Cultural Heritage Values in Designed Landscapes: A Case Study on Červený Hrádek, Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020663.
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A repository of cultural history, a landscape documents past civilizations and can be viewed as a specific type of heritage. UNESCO distinguishes three types of cultural landscape, of which a clearly defined landscape designed and created by man is the most easily identifiable. Such a landscape embraces gardens and parklands constructed for aesthetic reasons with monumental buildings and ensembles. Old maps, aerial photographs, and GIS technology enabled us to study historic land cover and to trace its changes up to the present. Designed landscapes are highly valuable, and their identification and protection is an important aspect of cultural monument protection. Detailed archival research and knowledge of historical development form the basis of the analyses. Historical cultural artifacts, designed landscape composition, and dendrological history were defined using ArcGIS software. We present a case study on Červený Hrádek, which is located near the towns of Jirkov and Chomutov and adjacent to lignite mines in the Most basin. This location represents a high risk of endangerment to valuable cultural history. Therefore, the identification of Červený Hrádek’s significant historical artifacts and their careful management are highly recommended.
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Topolewski, Stanisław. "SECURITY OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IN THE POLISH ARMED FORCES." Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego XIII (January 24, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7502.
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The material presents the evolution of classified information security in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland from 1918 to the present. The organization of the classified information protection system was presented, including normative documents, structures and tasks. A specific time period was adopted in accordance with historical chronology and the protection of secrecy, i.e. during the interwar periods, the Second World War, the times of the Polish People's Republic, and from 1999 to the present day. One should be aware that due to the framework of the publication, the information presented is mostly signaled, but sources have been indicated where interested parties can expand their knowledge
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Csatlós, Erzsébet. "European administration of consular protection." Institutiones Administrationis 2, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v2i1.44.
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This paper seeks to review the evolution of consular protection management in the European Union. The process of Europeanisation has reached its current profile through three stages of evolution and we are likely to see further institutionalisation, with several available alternatives. The historical analysis outlines the rationale for a further process of Europeanisation in the light of changes in the legislative powers of the EU, exploring the nature of legal regulatedness and aligning it with the development of fundamental rights, and presents a prognosis for the next stage of development in the light of experience to date. The research findings, based on an analysis of normative rules of various origins, regulatory and binding, preparatory documents, official statistics and reports as primary sources, and literature on specific aspects of the subject, also suggest that an effective consular protection policy will require changes in the tasks and competences in the next development stage. The existing consular enforcement apparatus in the Member States should be better integrated with the network of EU delegations, at least for some of the specified consular protection tasks. This raises further regulatory issues, but it is undeniable that the Europeanisation of consular protection administration is moving in this direction.
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Keršytė, Nastazija. "Heritage Mission of Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission." Bibliotheca Lituana 2 (October 25, 2012): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/bibllita.2012.2.15585.
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The heritage mission of Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission (1855–1865) is twofold. It strived to implement the Lithuanian cultural heritage continuum idea of “the past for the future” while performing a didactic task: to collect and publish historical documents and through the use of “Lithuanian antiquities” to organize the historical exposition of Vilnius Museum of Antiquities, creating conditions to recognize an objective history of Lithuania, in particular the period of Polish-Lithuanian union. Relying on 19th century positivistic attitudes this Commission sought for a position of an objective history observer, praising facts and proclaiming that the task of a historian is to show how it really was.Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission formed its position as the center for cultural heritage guardianship in the Northwester Krai of Imperial Russia. It regulated archeological excavations, performed scientific consulting and expertise functions, carried out archaeographical and museographical work. However it failed to organize systematic heritage accounting and protection of immovable heritage and sites of worth. Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission tried to draw public attention to a subdued nation’s need of an objective look at its land’s past and peculiarities, through the witnesses of its past – historical documents and musealias.
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Gorlova, Natalya I. "Volunteering in Preservation of Material Patrimony in Soviet Russia: Pages of History: Materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2021): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-1-193-204.
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The article draws on extensive sources discovered by the author in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) to reconstruct the history of volunteering in preservation of material patrimony of Russia in the 1960–1980s under the auspices of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments of History and Culture and to investigate forms and methods of public conservation activities. The relevance of the problem is connected to the development of national volunteer movement in preservation of historical and cultural monuments, which coincided with a rise in the scholars’ interest to volunteering in general. The author has identified archival documents, many of which are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The article reviews the composition of archival documents in the GARF fond, substantiates the possibility of integrated approach to studying of documentary materials on the history of volunteering in conservation and restoration. Documents differ in their content and quite adequately cover the multifaceted activities, forms and methods of work of voluntary activists. The first group is associated with organizational and administrative documents. The second group includes sources of reporting documentation. Office correspondence is the third group of sources. The information potential of various types of documents has been investigated. The value of these materials for studying organization and substantive aspects of voluntary public participation in the conservation activities (restoration and conservation work, identifying, photographing, assessing the condition and usage of historical and architectural monuments, patronage work, inspection, etc.) differs greatly. The author has revealed the names of participants in restoration volunteer groups and associations. The article takes on a special meaning in the context of development and replication of public activities in the field of preservation of material patrimony, while taking into account the historical experience.
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Loda, Liubov, and Lesia Dzendzeliuk. "Entomological state of book depositories: defeats, methods of struggle (according to the research of fund the Vasyl Stefanyk National Sientifik Library of Ukraine in Lviv)." Proceedings of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, no. 14(30) (December 2022): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0315-2022-14(30)-8.
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The article presents the results of the experience of entomological research of the Library’s book depositorys. The dependence of the state of preservation of documents on the intensity of use, storage conditions and the causes of aging are traced. Physicochemical and biological factors dangerous for the library fund are pointed out in particular inadequate lighting, the presence of dust and harmful gases, microscopic fungi, insects. Particular attention is paid to the dependence of individual resistance of paper to adverse effects on its quality. Favorable conditions for the development of biological factors that pose a threat to documents from the Library fund in terms of their material components are outlined. The reasons for the weakening of the mechanical properties of written memorabilia, the vector of the danger of loss of information content are shown. The importance of preventive and conservation measures are underlined: maintenance of normative ecological regime in book collections, observance of optimal humidity-temperature and sanitary-hygienic regimes, systematic thorough cleaning and ventilation of book depositorys, as well as control over the state of new receipts conducting periodic entomological surveys of all premises. A review of the professional literature on the protection of library collections from entomological damage are doned, standards for bioregulation, control of certain pests, restoration of entomologically damaged objects. The results of monitoring of 20 library premises according to 72 samples are presented, in which permanent residents were found: leather beetles, sinoids (book lice), ants, grinder beetles, fleas, pseudoscorpions and spiders. Hypothetical reasons for the appearance of these pests in the library and promising ways to avoid them are formulated. The system of book depository inspections, fund cleaning methods, selection of methods of pest control with the help repellents, fumigation or vacuum treatment have been developed. The article presents the results of entomological research of the Library's bookstore premises. Based on the professional literature and own findings, the vectors of biodamage prevention are outlined and the measures necessary to control insects are considered. Keywords: entomology, protection of library fund, insect pests of memos on paper and parchment.
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Laskowska, Agnieszka, and Tomasz Hajewski. "Common Goal, Different Methods: Processing and Digitization of the Cieszyn Written Heritage." Moderna arhivistika 2022 (5), no. 2 (October 2022): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54356/ma/2022/gjqs7719b.
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Książnica Cieszyńska (Cieszyn Library) and the Cieszyn Branch of The State Archives in Katowice are among the few repositories, which contain historical documents concerning Cieszyn Silesia. Those collections and archival fonds have recently been described and digitized. The authors will discuss different methods used by both librarians and archivists in the process. The different methods, however, serve a common goal, which is protection of written heritage of the Cieszyn Silesia and its publication on the online databases.
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Nikolić, Marko, and Milena Vukmirović. "Industrial heritage along Belgrade waterfront in planning documents." Arhitektura i urbanizam, no. 51 (2020): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-28961.
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The City of Belgrade is situated at the confluence of the Sava and Danube. Accordingly, this geographical position has strongly shaped Belgrade's strategic and geopolitical significance, as well as its identity. In the last two decades, the development of several mega-projects in the area of Belgrade waterfront has had a negative impact on the cultural heritage of Belgrade and its historical cityscape, affecting its urban morphology and typology. The reason for this is that urban regeneration is most often driven by economic interests, while the preservation of meaning and the memory of a place are neglected. Along with these processes, several civic initiatives have emerged that aim to prevent damage to the built heritage and to indicate the need for stronger involvement of citizens in the city's planning and development processes. In order to discontinue the tendency of being driven by economic interest and demonstrate a will to achieve further sustainable development, it is necessary to redefine the procedure for protecting valuable cultural heritage. This could be achieved by creating a new approach to protecting cultural heritage in the domain of urban design and planning, taking into account all the values, tradition, authenticity and identity of a place. Accordingly, the paper will focus on the issues of protecting Belgrade's waterfront heritage, its historical and urban context, its genesis, and its cultural and architectural characteristics. Furthermore, the possibilities for different approaches to the presentation and modern utilization of the abandoned and ruined waterfront heritage will be investigated, in order to define new, common procedures that will be in line with city development goals, citizen expectations and heritage protection measures.
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Anisimov, Valery, Anastasia Gryaznova, and Yuri Truntsevsky. "Institute for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples of the North: the history of formation, modern problems and directions of improvement." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 3-1 (March 1, 2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202203statyi06.
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Indigenous peoples of the North, who already live in extreme natural and climatic conditions, have been subjected to cultural and industrial expansion for centuries. The authors tried to identify patterns in the history of the development of the institute for the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples of the North, current problems in this area, new approaches to their solution on the base of historical, normative-legal, organizational-administrative and information-analytical documents of federal and regional authorities, research results, other authors, as well as publications in the mass media. The authors justify the leading role of the bar among the subjects involved in the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples of the North.
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Durham, Cole. "Archeology of international norms of religious freedom." Religious Freedom 1, no. 19 (August 30, 2016): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2016.19.1.911.
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Let us first consider in more detail the very continuum of religious freedom. This will allow us to trace the historical stages in the development of religious freedom. The various stages of this development remain visible as "layers" in modern international legal instruments on human rights. A full account of the history of legal protection in this area leads us to the classic documents of the eighteenth century, which serve as the "progenitors" of the latest decrees on religious freedom
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Vdovin, A. S., M. S. Batashev, and N. P. Makarov. "HISTORY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SOVIET ARCTIC." Northern Archives and Expeditions 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2022-6-3-9-19.
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The article presents a brief historiographical review of the first archaeological studies of the Yenisei North. The study presents a description of unknown documents developed by the team of the Arctic Institute in the mid 1940s. The evacuation of the Institute of the Arctic to Krasnoyarsk during the Great Patriotic War increased the attention of its employees to the Krasnoyarsk North. The article publishes «Brief instructions for the registration and protection of archaeological sites of the Soviet Arctic» and «A short questionnaire program for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic». These documents were identified by the authors in 2022 during the analysis of unprocessed archival materials in the funds of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. The purpose of the study is to introduce the identified archival materials in the historical context of the development the matters of registration and protection the historical and cultural resources in the Russian Arctic. The instruction contains the main types of resources of the native peoples of the North: dwellings and settlements of coastal tribes, settlements of hunters and reindeer herders of the tundra and forest tundra, ancient workshops, fortifications, burial grounds, sacrificial places, rock carvings, remains of fossil fauna, grottoes, caves and sheds in the rocks. Saibs, Arangas and other ancient burial places of pre-Christian times among the Nenets, Yuraks, Nganasans, Yukaghirs, Yakuts are singled out in a special group of resources. They were subject to research only by specialist archaeologists and should were protected. The need to single out resources of the archaeological heritage of the Russian population is emphasized on the example of unique finds in Sims Bay and Thaddeus Island. The section «Recording and protection of archaeological sites of the North» contains regulatory requirements for the identification and registration of the noted types of sites. To characterize them, the Instruction recommends cartographic, field observation, comparative-historical, complex and other methods of study. The transfer of found artifacts and all identified information to the Arctic Institute of the Main Northern Sea Route under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR or its representatives located in the nearest points is regulated. The content of the identified documents ends with a brief questionnaire for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic.
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Oarga, Ioan-Florin, Mariana Rațiu, and Ioan-Tudor Oarga. "Occupational health and safety risk management." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818404012.
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The ongoing industrial revolution also includes the health and safety domain, which assists this development process. The participants and beneficiaries of this revolution don’t have to endure a lowering of the protection levels from the beginning of it. Consequently, the health and safety domain needs to play its role in this historical stage. The risks of injury and illness are managed from the beginning, when the technological processes are being developed, on each production stage, until the end of every technological process. In order to achieve this, the professional risks must be identified, quantified, ranked and evaluated such that, the elaborated measures will eliminate or decrease the risks from the source. This control process of occupational health and safety risks of injury or illness uses documents which are applicable to any organization. These documents are legally required in each state, being instruments of the organization management, working like a system along with all other documents.
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Osadchai, Iana V., Matvei V. Saveliev, and Natalya A. Unagaeva. "Peculiarities of Karl Marx street formation in the historic center of Krasnoyarsk city." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 46 (2022): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/46/18.
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The authors of the article address the problem of organization of Karl Marx Street in the historic center of Krasnoyarsk as an open public space, located in the cultural heritage objects influence zone. The focus of this article is on the historic part of the street. The relevance of the study is due to several factors. Firstly, Karl Marx Street is a connecting communication axis, uniting territories of such significant and large public spaces as: Red Square, Central Park, Historical Quarter, Revolution Square, Peace Square and part of the central embankment. In this regard, the street is considered as a linear recreation, adjoined by the largest open recreational areas of the historic center of Krasnoyarsk which also form its view. Secondly, Karl Marx Street houses objects of cultural heritage. There is a clear need for further development and improvement of Karl Marx Street as a connecting pedestrian axis between historically significant spaces and objects of cultural heritage. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of Karl Marx Street formation in the historic center of Krasnoyarsk and develop recommendations for making additions to the regulation of special use zones related to cultural heritage protection. In the course of the study the following results were achieved. 1) Three largest conventional culturally-significant open public spaces adjacent to Karl Marx Street with were identified by analyzing the interactive map of Krasnoyarsk called “Special Use Zones related to the protection of cultural heritage objects”. 2) The current condition of the street was assessed on the basis of analysis of photofixation. 3) Historical documents containing information on lost objects of cultural heritage and the stages of formation of Karl Marx Street were analyzed. 4) The following documents on the regulation of Special Use zones related to the protection of objects of cultural heritage were analyzed: “Government Decree of the Krasnoyarsk Region № 569-p dated 15.11.2016”. “On the Approval of the Boundaries of Protection Zones of Cultural Heritage Objects of Federal, Regional and Local (Municipal) Importance, Located in Krasnoyarsk, Special Regimes of Land Use and Requirements for Urban Planning Regulations Within the Boundaries of These Protection Zones”; Order of the Krasnoyarsk Region State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects № 487 from 05.10.2020 “On the Approval of Boundaries and Regime of Use of the Cultural Heritage Object Territory”; Order of the Krasnoyarsk Region Ministry of Culture № 314 dated 01.07.2013. The influence of these documents extends within the boundaries of the three conditionally designated locations and along Karl Marx Street in the historic center. The recommendations on the formation and improvement of Karl Marx Street proposed by the authors can be considered the main result of the study. On the basis of these recommendations the authors propose to make additions to the regulation of areas with special use related to the protection of cultural heritage.
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Pietrek, Grzegorz. "Protection of Cultural Heritage During Crisis Situations." Internal Security 10, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4221.
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Crisis situations such as catastrophes, natural disasters, armed conflicts and others pose a threat to different values. The author presents various definitions of a crisis situation found in the literature and concentrates on crisis management which might be treated as an interdisciplinary field of science. In order to achieve efficiency in crisis management one needs to apply a remarkable skill of working under pressure. In crisis situations mainly human life and health, natural environment, economy, spiritual and material values of the state or the region and its inhabitants are threatened and the functioning of state administration institutions may be also impaired. Among the protected values cultural assets seem to be neglected and legal documents in this sphere aren’t being updated. Therefore the author has presented his attempts at providing an analysis of available expert literature and legal acts, and using different research methods (such as comparison, synthesis or reasoning) he has presented the current condition of the discussed problem, indicating some potential shortcomings of the system. The plans for the protection of historical monuments are an integral part of the civil defence plans and they undergo annual updating. The author also discusses the theoretical problems in crisis management in Poland, which can be analysed in the context of strategic, tactical and operational management.
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Gijsenbergh, Joris. "From Neglect to Protection: Attitudes towards Whistleblowers in the European Institutions (1957–2002)." Politics and Governance 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i1.3944.
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This article analyses how transparency became a buzzword in the European Union (EU) and its predecessors. In order to do so, it examines how the European Parliament (EP), the European Commission, the Court of Justice, and earlier European institutions responded to whistleblowing, between 1957 and 2002. In 2019, the EP agreed to encourage and protect whistleblowers. However, whistleblowing is far from a recent phenomenon. Historical examples include Louis Worms (1957), Stanley Adams (1973), and Paul van Buitenen (1998). Based on policy documents and parliamentary debates, this article studies the attitudes and reactions within European institutions towards whistleblowing. Their responses to unauthorized disclosures show how their views on openness developed from the beginning of European integration. Such cases sparked debate on whether whistleblowers deserved praise for revealing misconduct, or criticism for breaching corporate and political secrecy. In addition, whistleblowing cases urged politicians and officials to discuss how valuable transparency was, and whether the public deserved to be informed. This article adds a historical perspective to the multidisciplinary literature on whistleblowing. Both its focus on the European Coal and Steel Community, European Economic Community, and EU and its focus on changing attitudes towards transparency provide an important contribution to this multidisciplinary field.
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Malyshev, Oleksandr. "Theodoric the Great’s Legislation on Protection of Monuments and the Significance of the Ostrogothic Renaissance in the Context of Heritage Law History." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 32 (2021): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-166-178.
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Introduction. The Ostrogothic conquest of Italy is one of the turning points in the historical transition from the ancient Greco-Roman to the new European civilization to which we now tend to think that we belong. Since then, the protection of historical heritage has become one of the defining features of the European culture, particularly of the legal one. The transition from a cyclical to a linear model of time comprehension has occurred. The awareness of its transience and irreversibility as well as the fragility of the usual order of things is raised. In view of this, the best representatives of mankind become conscious of the need to preserve the best heritage of previous ages. Thus, the very spirit and principles of the future cultural heritage law are born. The aim of the article is an analysis of the array of legal documents on the protection of monuments from the period under consideration and an assessment of the place of the Ostrogothic renaissance in the history of cultural heritage law. Results. Theodoric's legislation on monument protection is represented mainly by documents contained in The «Variae» of Cassiodorus. These are royal orders addressed to a certain category of subjects or certain officials of the state. The ruler in his acts touches on many issues, both purely practical and conceptual. Objects to be protected are identified, responsible persons are appointed, professional requirements are emphasized, specific methodological advice on restoration works is provided, and liability for damage to monuments is defined. It is interesting to emphasize the priority of maintaining a holistic context over the protection of individual objects. It reached the conclusion about a progressive character and an outstanding significance of the Ostrogothic Renaissance for the safeguarding of classical culture and the formation of modern European civilization. The reflections of the Early Middle Ages, encrypted in the «Variae», are part of the intangible message of classical culture. Communication with this culture is the main resource for the progress of our civilization.
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Chan, Elizabeth. "The UK’s Post-Brexit Investment Policy: An Opportunity for New Design Choices." European Investment Law and Arbitration Review Online 5, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 40–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689017_003.
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Brexit presents an important opportunity for the UK to reimagine its investment policy. The UK formulated its independent investment policy, separate from the European Union’s, more than a decade ago. Since then, State practice relating to investment protection, facilitation, liberalisation and dispute resolution has changed. New model bilateral investment treaties (BITS) and other recent international investment agreements offer innovations. The UK can learn from these developments in formulating its post-Brexit investment policy. The UK’s recent policy documents suggest that its investment policy will closely track its historical practice. The UK has historically offered investment protection to foreign investors in its bit s. Investors have been allowed to initiate arbitration against States. However, the UK’s current negotiations with the EU suggest that investor protections may be more limited. This article begins by describing the UK’s existing trade agreements and recent trade practice as an EU Member State. It also describes the anticipated impact of Brexit on these arrangements and practices. The next section explains the likely direction of the UK’s future investment policy, as indicated in recent policy documents. The final section offers ideas for selected design choices that the UK could make in formulating its investment policy.
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Fadeev, A. V., and R. A. Nasybullina. "Research of documents on the architectural heritage protection in terms of the preservation of the Samara historical urban nucleus." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 775 (April 18, 2020): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/775/1/012015.
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TUНAI, Mykola. "CHURCH HISTORY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF P. MYKHAILO ZUBRITSKYІ." Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис "Галичина", no. 33 (December 20, 2020): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/gal.33.168-176.
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The article deals with the scientific achievements of Priest Mуkhailo Zubrytskyі (1856–1919) in the study of church history and religious issues. He stated that he had based his research on the data of the diocesan and deanery archives and libraries, as well as on his own observations. It is noted that scientific work should be conditionally divided into three subgroups: archeographic, analytical and historical. The first group of works includes the publication of archival documents and materials, including a number of church acts and official documents the second – the coverage of church relations, relations between priests and between believers and clergy, according to the third group include works of historical content, in which the author provided information on history of the church in Galicia and neighboring territories, as well as the history of individual parishioners of the region.
The archeographic and historical value of the materials found has been established. It is noted that Priest Mуkhailo considered the phenomenon of church affairs and history to be Muscophilic and the transitions of communities into Latin rites. He believed that this was a threat to the unity of the Russian people and also not conducive to its development. It should be emphasized that the historian at the same time stood up for the protection of the rural clergy, but criticized them for their weak connection with the local population and not active in social and cultural work. Note that the researcher was not critical enough to analyze the documents used. It is noted that this topic is only partially covered in the scientific work of domestic and foreign researchers.
Keywords: Mуkhailo Zubrytskyі, church, Muscophilism, diocese, priest, Stavropigia, clergy.
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Kuśnierz-Krupa, Dominika. "Original historical spatial development research methodology." Landscape architecture and art 14 (July 16, 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.02.
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The aim of this article is to present an original methodology that was prepared for the research concerning the history of spatial development of historic towns and their conservation protection. The methodology, already repeatedly verified by the Author in the course of research on the origins, urban model and restoration of selected medieval towns in Poland, is universal and so applicable also during the research carried out in towns outside Poland. In this article it will be exemplified by the studies on the spatial development of the medieval town of Skawina located in Lesser Poland. The methodology consists of five stages. The first stage of research involves the so called “desk study”, which is conducted in selected archives, both in the country where the selected town is located, and abroad. The second stage involves field research in the analysed town. The research is accompanied by an inventory of the area of the chartered town, including its preserved elements such as e.g. the market square, the settlement block or the settlement plot. Photographic documentation is also collected during field research. The third stage of research uses aerial archaeology to analyse the urban layout of a given town. The fourth stage involves confronting the research results obtained at previous stages, primarily comparing archive plans and aerial photographs, as well as analysing them in order to identify changes occurring in the urban layout of the studied town. The final, fifth stage involves assessing the cultural values and the necessary methods for protecting the analysed historic town. The discussed methodology allows for drawing conclusions combined with hypotheses concerning the shape and functional-spatial structure of the examined town in the past, as well as its current values in the context of protecting the cultural landscape. The need to prepare it sprang from the current situation in historic towns which are not always properly protected, and scientific studies of their history are often insufficient. The situation and the need for better protection of historic towns has also been indicated in international documents prepared by the ICOMOS and UNESCO, such as the International Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns of the ICOMOS from 1987, and the UNESCO Recommendation concerning the historic urban landscape from 2011.
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Bergen, Sadie. "Fetal Protection Policies and Corporate Liability of the US Vinyl Chloride Industry, 1974–1991." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 2 (February 2022): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306539.
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In the late 20th century, fetal protection policies barred women from hundreds of thousands of industrial jobs on the pretext that if women became pregnant, their fetuses might be harmed by workplace exposure to toxic chemicals. Beginning in the 1970s, these policies set off a decades-long contest between the chemical industry, government agencies, and the judicial system over how to balance the uncertain reproductive health risks against sex discrimination. This article revives the subject of reproductive health and workplace protections through a historical case study of fetal protection policies at Firestone Plastics, a leader in the postwar vinyl chloride industry. I use formerly secret industry documents to argue that Firestone used scientific uncertainty and gender essentialism to skirt new regulatory pressures and minimize corporate liability. Ultimately, fetal protection policies stymied innovative regulatory efforts to protect all workers—not just women—from reproductive hazards in the workplace. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(2):271–276. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306539 )
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Olszewska, Agnieszka. "Problematyka przemocy w rodzinie w świetle wybranych uregulowań międzynarodowych." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 39 (November 22, 2016): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.39.10.
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The issues of domestic violence in the context of chosen international regulationsIn the article the problem of domestic violence in the context of legal regulations relating to the protection of human rights is discussed. Reference was made to the historical origins of activities related to the legal protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. A distinction of women’s rights, children and domestic violence in relation to the practice of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union is considered as a tool to present arguments. The article describes the most important documents regarding the rights of women and children and domestic violence; the rights and duties imposed on signatories in the context of protection of rights and the development of regulations and methods of their implementation referring also to Polish law. The discussion that took place in the public debate prior to ratification of the Convention of the Council of Europe is also touched. The article is an attempt to indicate a significant space they occupy on the issues of domestic violence and their protection in the listed international regulations.
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Zharov, Sergey. "From the experience of legal regulation of police operations connected with the security of Emperors of the Russian Empire from attempts." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-4-18-25.
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The article is devoted to the study of legal norms regulating the service of special units, which were entrusted with the protection of the emperors of the Russian Empire and members of the august family from assassination attempts in the period from 1881 to 1917, that is, from the moment of death of Alexander II at the hands of revolutionary terrorists until the moment of liquidation of the imperial power. These werethe Security agents and secret security units, acting behind the scenes. The operational-search techniques used by these units were developed by highly qualified specialists, heads of outdoor surveillance services, but it was for the first time when they were used for the purposes of personal protection and required practical training and gaining experience. It is also very important to compare the development of legal regulation of the protection of the sovereign in time; for this three documents of 1883, 1887 and 1913 were studied. The research is based on dialectical, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods, which made it possible to determine the recommended procedure for all participants in security measures, to identify the general and specific matters in the documents, to show the practical experience of protecting the highest persons. The result of the protection is the absence of attempted terrorist acts against the imperial family. This made it possible to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of protection, that is, the adequacy of the measures taken. In spite of the repeated requests of researchers to this subject under examination, such analysis was not made by them, therefore this article is an attempt to close one of the gaps in our historical and legal science.
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Pass, Andrey A., and Marina N. Potemkina. "Archival Documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History as a Source for Studying Economic Crime in the Days of the Great Patriotic War." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2021): 1064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-4-1064-1075.
Full textAbstract:
The article determines the value and prospects of using historical sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI) for disclosing problems of economic crime in 1941–45. Understanding modern dangers of corruption, illegal enrichment, and malfeasance requires studying the historical experience of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. It was a time to confront not only a strong external enemy, but also internal challenges, including, in particular, activation of criminal elements in the economic sphere. Despite an abundance of legal and historical publications devoted to economic crime and combating it, a whole layer of archival documents remains outside the field of research. The study has been carried out on the basis of institutional methodological approach using source heuristics, source analysis, historical-comparative method. The documents revealed in the RGASPI consist of previously unpublished materials of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Party Control Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU, regional and city party committees (obkoms and gorkoms), and political departments of various agencies, through which transportation and distribution of food and industrial goods was conducted, as well as fragments of national leaders’ personal funds. The analyzed documents reflect criminal acts characteristic of the war period: speculation, embezzlement, bribery, malfeasance of high-ranking officials. The aforementioned delicts are reflected in the minutes of meetings, reports, certificates, and directives describing in detail the most common types of economic crime and measures taken by the authorities to curb it. The study concludes that the identified documents possess a high degree of objectivity and confirm the thesis of numerical growth and expansion in range of economic crimes in the context of a social wartime crisis. As main strategy for combating the growth of economic crimes throughout the war, the national leadership used a tough punitive policy, but these measures did not give tangible results. The effectiveness of domestic policy measures aimed at ensuring protection of state and personal property of citizens decreased due to deterioration in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the judiciary and political pressure from the party leadership, as well as selective nature of Soviet justice and use of unnecessarily harsh punishments, while deviance resulted from need and hunger.
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Sushko, M. Y. "Organization of social assistance to children in the years Great Patriotic War on the territory of the Saratov region (dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory…)." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-4/13.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of social and historical aspects of the organization of policy for the protection and assistance of children in the period 19411945. The main focus is on the regional aspect. In the article, to achieve the goal of the study, namely, to assess the effectiveness and identify shortcomings in the organization of the work of local party authorities on the organization and placement of children, archival documents of the war years were used. Archival documents allowed us to recreate the historical picture of work in the rear, on the organization and placement of orphanages, providing material assistance to homeless and low-income families with children, the order of organizing and supplying children with food and industrial goods. The figures and data given in the article are of practical significance. They provide an opportunity to conduct a comparative analysis of the provision and organization of work of local authorities in other regions of the Volga region and the Soviet Union as a whole during the study period. In the year of the anniversary celebration of the victory In the great Patriotic war, there is an urgent need to expand and attract new documents from regional archives, for a more complete objective reconstruction of the heroic pages of our country's past, to assess the effectiveness of social work and the significance of specific social policy measures aimed at protecting children.
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Kubečková, Darja, and Magdaléna Vrbová. "Historical Development of Thermal Protection of Prefab Residential Housing and Its Future, an Example of the Czech Republic." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092623.
Full textAbstract:
The paper focuses on the development of a thermal protection and energy requirements in relation to the issue of prefab residential housing buildings and prefab housing estates while emphasizing the need for a conceptual approach and environmental considerations. The development is recapitulated with examples of compositional sets of prefab residential housing on selected sites in the Czech Republic. Based on the comparison of archival documents and results of a long-term observation of the prefab residential housing resources, it outlines the direction of further expected development of prefab housing estates within a social context. The comparison also takes into account the impact of the European Union energy strategy and the implementation of directives into the legal rules and standards of the member states. The aim of the paper is to show the negatives and positives of current political and social strategies in relation to the thermal protection of buildings, the energy management and healthy indoor environment, and that the renovation of prefab residential housing and prefab housing estates is effective with regard to the invested funds.