Journal articles on the topic 'Cleaning degree'
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1
Wang, Shu Ai, Feng He Tao, and Chang Zhi Jia. "Application of Extendable Optimal Degree in Determinating Weaknesses of the Cleaning Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.719.
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Firstly, the index system influencing cleaning quality was established based on AHP theory and the weight were calculated. According to the weight value, the key factors which affected cleaning process were determined. Secondly, the model calculating the weak degree of index factors was established by introducing a basic concept (eligible degree) from extendable optimal degree. According to the weak degrees, using the method for determining the number of principal components in principal components analysis method, the weak factors were determined in key factors. Finally, taking the cleaning process of cooling system of the car diesel engine in some repair factory for an example was analyzed, the result showed that the method to determine weaknesses was effective.
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Butu, Larisa, Marinela Marinescu, Claudia Borda, Delicia Arsene, and Ivaylo Slavchev. "Experimental Research on Quality Assessment of Ultrasonic Cleaning Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.205.
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This article presents the way to determine the cleaning degree of the parts made of microelectronic parts. The cleaning degree of parts depends on: temperature of the cleaning medium, the cleaning liquid nature, cleaning liquid viscosity, time of cleaning. Primarily the choice of the cleaning mediums depends on the type of contaminant that needs to be removed from the cleansed object, respectively on the chemical that can attack these contaminants. The cleaning degree can be determined using two parallel methods, respectively: the method of mass loss and the method of microscopy. The method of weighting justifies the cleaning by mass loss, while the method of microscopy allows clear visualization and removal of any contaminants
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LaBonte, George A., and Robert J. Leso. "Cleaning Paper Birch in a Birch-Aspen Stand in Maine: A 34-Year Case History." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/7.1.22.
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Abstract Periodic measurements were made for 34 years following cleanings in a 7-year-old paper birch-quaking aspen stand. The results demonstrate the value of removing aspen to assure a high proportion of birch. At age 41, in the fall of 1985, the untreated control plot is an essentially pure aspen stand. The cleaned portion contains various proportions of birch, depending on the season of initial cleaning and degree of release. A mixture of the herbicides, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, was used to do part of the cleaning. The best results were obtained from a combination of a partial cleaning in July and August of 1951, followed by a total cleaning 7 years later, where the stand is now dominated by paper birch. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):22-23, March 1990.
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Liu, Haoting, Yafei Xue, Jiacheng Li, Weijie Wu, and Jinhui Lan. "Investigation of Laser Power Output and Its Effect on Raman Spectrum for Marine Metal Corrosion Cleaning." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010012.
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The relationship between the laser power output and its effect on Raman spectrum is investigated for a laser cleaning application of marine metal corrosion processing. First, an image feature based on a corrosion degree evaluation is implemented before cleaning. The image features include texture coarseness, texture entropy, texture intensity, texture contrast, the texture’s cluster degree, and texture homogeneity. To decrease the image feature dimension for a convenient application, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to estimate the weight of each feature. Then the linear weighted sum of image features can be computed to get only one evaluation result. Second, a series of laser power outputs are implemented for the cleaning application under a typical corrosion degree. Then the analysis results of Raman spectrum can be obtained. The analyzed spectrum results include the corrosion components and their contents. Lastly, the relationship between laser power output and Raman spectrum under a typical initial corrosion degree can be constructed. This research study can build the prediction result of the cleaning effect map for the workpiece and guide the secondary processing of metal surface cleaning.
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Piepiórka-Stepuk, Joanna, Jarosław Diakun, and Marek Jakubowski. "The Parameters of Cleaning a CIP System Affected Energy Consumption and Cleaning Efficiency of the Plate Heat Exchanger." Chemical and Process Engineering 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0009.
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Abstract This paper presents a study on the effect of cleaning factors on the energy consumption of the cleaning process in a CIP system, and the correlation between single components of electricity necessary to perform this process and the cleanliness degree obtained. Studies were carried out in a laboratory cleaning station, wherein a plate heat exchanger contaminated with hot milk was included. The research program was developed according to a 5-level statistical plan. Based on the results, obtained with Experiment Planner 1.0, a regression function of energy requirement considering variables such as: cleaning time, temperature and flow rate of the cleaning liquid via the cleaned exchanger has been developed. Describing this relationship, linear and quadratic functions with double interactions were used. Significance level for the analysis was established at α = 0.05. Correlation analysis between components of the electricity necessary to perform the cleaning process (pump drive and heating of the cleaning agent) and the resulting degree of cleaning of heat exchanger plates was performed.
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Appourchaux, T., M. C. Rabello-Soares, and L. Gizon. "Loi and Gong Low-Degree Rotational Splittings." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 185 (1998): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900238515.
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Two different data sets have been used to derive low-degree rotational splittings. One data set comes from the Luminosity Oscillations Imager of VIRGO on board SOHO; the observation starts on 27 March 96 and ends on 26 March 97, and are made of intensity time series of 12 pixels (Appourchaux et al, 1997, Sol. Phys., 170, 27). The other data set was kindly made available by the GONG project; the observation starts on 26 August 1995 and ends on 21 August 1996, and are made of complex Fourier spectra of velocity time series for l = 0 − 9. For the GONG data, the contamination of l = 1 from the spatial aliases of l = 6 and l = 9 required some cleaning. To achieve this, we applied the inverse of the leakage matrix of l = 1, 6 and 9 to the original Fourier spectra of the same degrees; cleaning of all 3 degrees was achieved simultaneously (Appourchaux and Gizon, 1997, these proceedings).
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Lin, Jian-Shian, Chieh-Lung Lai, Hsiu-Jen Lin, Ya-Chun Tu, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "Optical Mold Cleaning Using Carbon Dioxide." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 1 (January 5, 2010): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0039.
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An optical mold cleaning technique comprised of supercritical CO2 fluids and a CO2 snow particle cleaning process is proposed in this paper. Our results indicate that using supercritical CO2 fluids with cosolvents significantly improves cleaning effectiveness. There is a high degree of cleaning efficiency even when supercritical CO2 fluids are used alone, without any cosolvents. We have also determined that two key factors in controlling the effectiveness of the CO2 snow cleaning process are the density and pressure of the CO2 propellant. Since CO2 cleaning generates much less pollution than current methods, it will be an important cleaning technique in the future.
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Li, Xiao Hong, Guang Wei Zhang, Peng Zhang, and Du Juan Li. "Study on Vacuum Degree of Mechanical Cleaning System for Product Oil Tank." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.488.
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A practical calculation method to determine the vacuum degree of a mechanical cleaning system is proposed mainly based on the theories of fluid mechanics. The system for cleaning of product oil tanks is operated relying on vacuum suction and simplified without heating section comparing with the system for crude oil tanks. It shows that the determination of vacuum level depends on two factors: to overcome the frictional resistance of suction tank's inlet pipes and to meet the net positive suction head (NPSH) required for a centrifugal pump fixed on outlet pipes of a suction tank. So, the higher and lower limits of vacuum degree can be found. The calculating method of vacuum degree is proved in a real system.
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KHOKHLOV, A. L., A. A. GLUSHCHENKO, I. R. SALAKHUTDINOV, E. N. PROSHKIN, and D. M. MARIN. "THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF A HYDROCYCLONE UPON THE DEGREE OF CLEANING OF THE USED OILS FROM THE INSOLUBLE IMPURITIES." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (August 20, 2018): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.603_periodico30_pgs_599_608.pdf.
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The immediacy of the problem under investigation is connected with the need for the development of the environmentally friendly technologies for cleaning of the used mineral oils from the insoluble impurities. The purpose of this article is to describe the theoretical investigation of the influence of the geometrical parameters of the cylindroconical hydrocyclone upon the degree of cleaning of the used high-viscosity mineral oils from the insoluble impurities and from the wear metal particles. The main approach to the investigation of this problem is as follows: analysis of the behavior of an insoluble particle in the stream of oil under the influence of the forces, which act upon the particle. Such analysis makes it possible to determine the geometrical and operating parameters of the cylindroconical hydrocyclone, which exert the greatest influence upon the degree of cleaning of oils. This article presents the theoretical justification of influence of the geometrical parameters of the cylindroconical hydrocyclone upon the degree of cleaning of the used oil. In addition, this article describes the separation criterion, which makes it possible to determine optimum dimensions of the hydrocyclone and perform a comparative assessment of the hydrocyclones with different geometrical parameters in respect of the efficiency of cleaning of oils from the insoluble impurities.
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Rudenko, Е. Yu, Е. N. Makeeva, V. V. Vaschenko, V. V. Bakharev, G. S. Mukovnina, and V. V. Ermakov. "How the Modifying Methods Influence Over the Properties of Waste Kieselgur Used for Removing Oil from Waste Waters." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-1-20-25.
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The research of a spent kieselgur obtained during beer filtration as a sorbent for cleaning of waste waters from oil. The thermal processing of a spent kieselgur influences over its ability to remove oil in the process of cleaning of waste waters. It has been discovered that the highest degree of removing oil from standardized test solutions of waste waters is provided by a spent kieselgur modified at a temperature of 400 °C. Modifying a spent kieselgur with sulphuric, hydrochloric and phosphoric acids at different temperatures increases its sorption properties in relation to oil. The maximum removal of oil from standardized test solutions of waste waters is achieved by using a spent kieselgur modified with 20 % sulphuric acid at 100 °С for cleaning them. Using a modified spent kieselgur allows increasing the degree of cleaning of waste waters contaminated with oil.
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Sarasua Miranda, Jon Ander, Leire Ruiz-Rubio, Estibaliz Aranzabe Basterrechea, and Jose Luis Vilas-Vilela. "Non-Immersion Ultrasonic Cleaning: An Efficient Green Process for Large Surfaces with Low Water Consumption." Processes 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040585.
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Ultrasonic cleaning is a developed and widespread technology used in the cleaning industry. The key to its success over other cleaning methods lies in its capacity to penetrate seemingly inaccessible, hard-to-reach corners, cleaning them successfully. However, its major drawback is the need to immerse the product into a tank, making it impossible to work with large or anchored elements. With the aim of revealing the scope of the technology, this paper will attempt to describe a more innovative approach to cleaning large area surfaces (walls, floors, façades, etc.) which involves applying ultrasonic cavitation onto a thin film of water, which is then deposited onto a dirty surface. Ultrasonic cleaning is an example of the proliferation of green technology, requiring 15 times less water and 115 times less power than conventional high-pressurized waterjet cleaning mechanisms. This paper will account for the physical phenomena that govern this new cleaning mechanism and the competition it poses towards more conventional pressurized waterjet technology. Being easy to use as a measure of success, specular surface cleaning has been selected to measure the degree of cleanliness (reflectance) as a function of the process’s parameters. A design of experiments has been developed in line with the main process parameters: amplitude, gap, and sweeping speed. Regression models have also been used to interpret the results for different degrees of soiling. The work concludes with the finding that the proposed new cleaning technology and process can reach up to 98% total cleanliness, without the use of any chemical product and with very low water and power consumption.
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Tsekhosh, S. I., B. V. Zhuravsky, and P. I. Tsekhosh. "Study of cylindrical brush wear effect on its elastic characteristics, on required pressing force and on pressure at the outlet of hydraulic pneumatic accumulator for controlling position of chipping working body." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-1-106-119.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to a current issue of improving the quality of road surface cleaning and increasing the resource of brush working equipment. Improving the quality of cleaning and the resource of the brush working equipment will reduce the cost of operating a communal machine. In the process of operation, the pile of the cylindrical brush is worns out, while its elastic characteristics change, which is reflected in the required pressing force to maintain the most favorable value of the width of the contact spot from the condition of ensuring high quality cleaning and minimal intensity of pile wear.Materials and methods. The results of studies of the interaction of the pile of a cylindrical brush with the surface to be cleaned are presented at various degrees of wear of the brush pile. The research results are presented in analytical and graphical forms. The calculations were carried out using the Microsoft Excel software product and the Mathkad software environment for mathematical calculations.Results. The paper shows the dependence of the degree of wear of the pile of the brush working equipment on the actual radius of the cylindrical brush. The relationship between the width of the contact spot and the deformation of the cylindrical brush at different degrees of wear and tear is shown as a graph.The influence of the degree of wear on the elastic characteristics of the brush working equipment is considered. The dependences of the average stiffness coefficient on the degree of wear of the pile of a cylindrical brush, as well as the required pressing force on the degree of wear at different values of the width of the contact patch of the cylindrical brush are given.
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Dubel, E. V., and P. E. Sheprinsky. "Comparison of effectiveness of manual and automatic processing of endoscope." Medical alphabet 1, no. 15 (November 29, 2019): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-15(390)-42-44.
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Through rapid ATP tests, it was found that additional automatic cleaning of endoscopes after manual handling reduces the number of cases of inadequate final cleaning of the surface of the endoscope and its channels by 4.0–4.5 times as compared to using manual treatment alone. Performing of an automatic final cleaning of endoscopes enables to increase the degree of epidemiological safety of non-sterile endoscopic interventions.
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Sabiev, U. K., I. R. Khuzin, A. S. Soyunov, S. P. Prokopov, and R. K. Abdylmanova. "Device for waterless cleaning of root crops." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012001.
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Abstract Existing devices for waterless cleaning do not provide essential quality due to low efficiency either because of significant tubers damage. Device for waterless cleaning of root crops is developed in Omsky SAU which relates to the agricultural machine-building industry in particular to devices for dry cleaning of tubers from the soil, grassy impurities and haulm before sale preparation as well as for feeding preparation in technological lines of feed mills. High quality cleaning from the soil is achieved by the spiral line of pile arrangement which provides the uniform movement of the processing material heap and prevents tubers unloading due to various pile length that increases the speed of tubers rotation and provides more frequent tuber surface contact with working tools due to spring-loaded bottom providing required compression degree of processing tubers to the brush roll at the expense of dust collector that allows to get rid of small impurities during the technological process and prevents from resetting on tuber surface. Usage of this device allows to reach high quality of cleaning under low degree of damage.
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Bharadwaj, A. Adithya, C. Arun Kumar, R. Balasubramanian, and P. Gowtham. "Autonomous Lavatory Cleaning System." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v4i4.pp311-315.
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<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The application of integrated robotics is becoming increasingly commonplace in day to day applications. The idea presented in this paper seeks to provide a convenient and a hassle-free means of cleaning public toilets whilst maintaining hygienic and sanitary standards. By using a counter to record the number of times of usage, a line follower mechanism to guide the robot and an RFID module to initiate the flushing, the cleaning operation is fully automated and requires low operational power. Furthermore, a robotic arm is part of the module, so as to thoroughly clean the toilet bowl. Such a provision will curtail the role of manpower in maintenance of public toilets to a great degree, and thus, serves as a win-win situation; a revolting objective is accomplished with considerable ease.</span></p>
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Mauseth, Gary, Gerald Erickson, Steven Brocco, and Gary Sergy. "BIOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF HYDRAULIC CLEANING OF OILED COARSE-SEDIMENT BEACHES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-271.
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ABSTRACT This document summarizes the findings of a pilot study that was designed to determine biologically optimum cleaning parameters. The objectives of this ongoing study are (1) to determine the biological effects on intertidal biota associated with the use of hydraulic cleaning techniques, and (2) to develop data on environmentally optimum combinations of hydraulic cleaning parameters for use by oil spill responders. The laboratory/pilot scale phase of the project was conducted at the Bamfield Marine Station on Barkley Sound, British Columbia, in the fall of 1995. The hydraulic cleaning parameters examined were (1) water pressures ranging from deluge or minimal pressure to approximately 345 kPa (50 psi), (2) water temperatures ranging from ambient temperature to 80 C, and (3) nozzle angles of 45 degrees and 90 degrees to the substratum. Both oiled and unoiled trials were conducted. Treatment combinations of these parameters were delivered using a pressure washer connected to a constructed washing apparatus. The biological effects produced by the treatments were examined in attached organisms colonizing cobbles collected from a donor beach in Barkley Sound. Species tested included the algae Fucus spp. and Mastocarpus papillatus; the barnacles Chthamalus dalli and Balanus glandula; and limpets in the family Lottiidae. Among the main findings of the laboratory/pilot study were the following: (1) both mortalities and oil removal efficiencies were found to rise most rapidly from low to high levels between 40° and 60°C, and between 18.6 and 60 kPa (2.7 and 8.7 psi); (2) oiled trials were found to produce greater mortalities than unoiled trials; and (3) 90-degree nozzle angles were found to produce greater mortalities in some cases than 45-degree nozzle angles.
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Mohammed, Karrar Ahmed, and Ayad A. Al-Haleem. "Optimization of Hole Cleaning and Cuttings Removal in High Inclined Till Horizontal Well." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2020.1.9.
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The goal of this experimental study is to determine the effects of different parameters (Flow rate, cuttings density, cuttings size, and hole inclination degree) on hole cleaning efficiency. Freshwater was used as a drilling fluid in this experiment. The experiments were conducted by using flow loop consist of approximately 14 m (46 ft) long with transparent glass test section of 3m (9.84 ft.) long with 4 inches (101.6 mm) ID, the inner metal drill pipe with 2 inches (50.8 mm) OD settled with eccentric position positive 0.5. The results obtained from this study show that the hole cleanings efficiency become better with high flow rate (21 m3/hr) and it increase as the hole inclination angles increased from 60 to 90 degree due to dominated of the rolling force. The cuttings size has negative influence on cuttings recovered as size increased and that is true for all cuttings specific gravity due to direct effect of the cuttings size and density on the gravity force which work against lifting force. The increasing of hole inclination angle above 60 degree will affect positively on cuttings removal efficiency.
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Shulaev, Nikolay, Valeriya Pryanichnikova, and Ramil Kadyrov. "Regularities of electrochemical cleaning of oil-contaminated soils." Записки Горного института 252 (December 17, 2021): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2021.6.15.
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Electrochemical cleaning of oil-contaminated soils is a promising area of environmental safety, as it can be easily organized even in locations remote from settlements. For this purpose, a power source and a system of electrodes are necessary as equipment. It is possible to use an electric generator if there are no power supply lines nearby. The material of electrodes affects the features of redox processes, which can affect the energy consumption and the degree of soil cleansing from oil or oil products. Therefore, the correct choice of electrode materials is one of the important tasks in the field of engineering electrochemical methods of purification. Changes in the main parameters (humidity, temperature, degree of acidity) in an oil-contaminated model soil, similar in composition to one of the oil fields, were investigated. Measurements of parameters when using graphite and metal electrodes were carried out at several fixed sections of the interelectrode space depending on the treatment time. The established patterns of parameter changes in the purification of oil-contaminated soils allow us to draw conclusions about the stages of the electrochemical process, its speed, and energy efficiency. The results obtained form a basis for designing industrial facilities for soil treatment.
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Gan, Xin Ji, Yan Chen, and Lin Li. "Laser Cleaning of Neutral Attenuator Plate Based on Low Power Laser Diode." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1547.
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Laser cleaning is a non-contact, green and environmental cleaning method, which can effectively remove particulate contaminations of sizes as small as 0.1 μm without damage to the optics. But most laser cleaning devices are large and heavy, also expensive due to using large lasers such as CO2 laser, YAG Laser etc. In this work a low power LD was tried to clean fingerprint and dust contaminated on the surface of the attenuator glasses plates. In the laser cleaning experiment with low power diode the fingerprint grease can be efficient to be cleaned, but there is no evident effect for cleaning inorganic dust. The cleaning different degree of fingerprint contaminations was investigated at the variable laser parameters, including laser power and irradiation time. An optical microscope was used to analyze the cleaning effect. The results show that low power LD can effectively remove the fingerprint on the surface of absorptive-type attenuator glass plates. On the premise that the attenuator optics glasses are not damaged, the cleaning area increases with the increase of radiation time and laser power. The cleaning area doesn't change much with the variation of laser frequency when the other parameters are the same.
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Bartoli, Laura, Paraskevi Pouli, Costas Fotakis, Salvatore Siano, and Renzo Salimbeni. "Characterization of Stone Cleaning by Nd:YAG Lasers with Different Pulse Duration." Laser Chemistry 2006 (February 19, 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/81750.
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The present work is a comparative study on the laser cleaning of stonework using Nd:YAG lasers at different pulse durations. The ablation rate, the degree of cleaning, and the appearance of the treated surface were studied irradiating a simulated sample and a real stone artefact using three different Nd:YAG laser systems with pulse duration of 90 microseconds, 15 nanoseconds, and 150 picoseconds. To our knowledge, the picosecond laser is here used for the first time in stone conservation. Differences in efficiency and in cleaning result are shown and discussed.
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Kretzschmar, Michael, El Mustapha Baira, and Eckart Uhlmann. "Characterization of CO2 Snow Generation to Increase the Blasting Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 794 (October 2015): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.794.255.
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Chemical cleaning methods are under strict restrictions due to the legislator, as they are often harmful to environment and health. Therefore, environmentally neutral cleaning methods will gain importance in the future. Alternative cleaning processes like blasting with solid carbon dioxide can substitute such harmful chemicals without residues of blasting media. CO2 snow blasting has a minor technical complexity with a possible high degree of automation, but is limited in its cleaning performance. Basic knowledge of CO2 formation must be gained in order to increase the cleaning performance. The basic dependencies of ambient pressure and temperature as well as the possibility of their manipulation regarding the produced CO2 particles were investigated. The investigations were conducted using design of experiments and lead to a model describing the CO2 snow formation and its properties. The goal was to manipulate the properties of the generated CO2 snow in order to optimise the technology regarding the cleaning task.
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Raad, Joe, Wouter Beek, Frank van Harmelen, Jan Wielemaker, Nathalie Pernelle, and Fatiha Saïs. "Constructing and Cleaning Identity Graphs in the LOD Cloud." Data Intelligence 2, no. 3 (July 2020): 323–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00057.
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In the absence of a central naming authority on the Semantic Web, it is common for different data sets to refer to the same thing by different names. Whenever multiple names are used to denote the same thing, owl:sameAs statements are needed in order to link the data and foster reuse. Studies that date back as far as 2009, observed that the owl:sameAs property is sometimes used incorrectly. In our previous work, we presented an identity graph containing over 500 million explicit and 35 billion implied owl:sameAs statements, and presented a scalable approach for automatically calculating an error degree for each identity statement. In this paper, we generate subgraphs of the overall identity graph that correspond to certain error degrees. We show that even though the Semantic Web contains many erroneous owl:sameAs statements, it is still possible to use Semantic Web data while at the same time minimising the adverse effects of misusing owl:sameAs.
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Georgescu, Iuliana Silvia, Cristinel Genes, Camelia Costache, Elena Raluca Baciu, Constantin Baciu, and Adriana Arghirescu. "Considerations Regarding Sandblasting Metal Surfaces Designed for Electric Arc Spraying." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.57.
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In order to ensure adherence of the arc sprayed layer, on the metal substrate, a few specific operations must be performed: initial cleaning, degreasing, roughening, final cleaning and degreasing. At the moment, there are standards which refer to the degree of preparation for processing metal surfaces by spraying. Performing metallic surface preparation operations require compliance with specific health and safety measures and environment protection.
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Zhang, Tao, Yaoming Li, Lizhang Xu, Yanbin Liu, Kuizhou Ji, and Sheng Jiang. "Experimental Study on Fluidization Behaviors of Wet Rice Threshed Materials with Hot Airflow." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050601.
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Among food crops, rice has the largest planting area, the highest yield per unit area and the largest total yield in China. However, cleaning performance is reduced by the high moisture content of rice during the harvesting process. In order to decrease the adhesion among wet rice threshed mixtures and improve the cleaning performance, the method of hot airflow cleaning was proposed. Firstly, the fluidization characteristics of wet sticky rice under the action of hot air were compared with those of dry particles. In this work, the minimum suspension velocity and the fastest suspension time were used and quantified to characterize the fluidization characteristics. It was found that the minimum suspension velocity and the fastest suspension time of the wet rice threshed mixture are both higher than those of dry particles due to the liquid bridge force. Moreover, the dispersion degree of the wet rice threshed mixture can be improved by the hot airflow due to the decrease in the surface water content of impurities. Secondly, the influence of the temperature and vibration frequency in the air-and-screen cleaning device on the dispersion characteristics of the wet rice threshed mixture were investigated. The accumulation mass was measured to quantify the dispersion degree. It was found that the increase in vibration frequency has little effect on the dispersion of the wet rice threshed mixture. The accumulation mass on the front of the sieve decreases slightly with the increase in the gas temperature range from ambient temperature to 30 °C. Then, the dispersion degree increases rapidly when the temperature exceeds 40 °C. The dispersion effect is the best when the temperature is 50 °C and the vibration frequency is 5 Hz. These results provide a basis for the cleaning of the wet rice threshed mixture in a combine harvester.
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Prostov, Sergey, and Evgeniy Shabanov. "Geological-and-Geophysical Monitoring of Electrochemical Cleaning of Soil from Petroleum Pollution." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184102002.
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The article presents the rationale and development of electro physical methods of control of the degree of soils pollution with petroleum products. The ranges of variation for the parameters of the pore space structure and wettability for the Kuzbass conditions are determined by inverse calculations on the basis of experimental data. The theoretical dependences are shown which allow us to assess the degree of soil pollution with oil products according to the results of longitudinal and areal electrical sounding. The study confirms the possibility of rapid prediction of the degree of soil contamination by measuring its electrical resistance. The database has been compiled for interpretation of the results of experimental sounding when monitoring the changes in the degree of contamination. The use of the express forecast of numerical values of the contamination factor was studied.
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Gorbacheva, O. M., and A. S. Borovsky. "System Analysis of the State of Automation of Technological Processes for Cleaning Used Oils." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 5 (May 23, 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-5-54-58.
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Based on the system analysis using IDF0 diagrams, functional models of existing technical systems for cleaning used oil have been constructed. The influence of the parameters of the technological process on the time of its flow and the degree of purification of the used oil are described. After studying the influence of the parameters of the technological process of cleaning used oil and analyzing the existing automated technical oil purification systems, the necessity of developing a new automated technical system for cleaning the waste oil is substantiated, in which the parameters of the process that have not been considered previously will be monitored.
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Ivanova, Viktoriya, S. Nikolenko, and Svetlana Sazonova. "ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRANULAR GLASS-CERAMIC FOAM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES FOR DUST CLEANING OF WORKING AREAS IN CONSTRUCTION." Modeling of systems and processes 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2021-13-4-24-31.
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The system of dust cleaning at the enterprises of the construction industry is considered, in particular, at the production of granulated glass ceramic foam. The analysis of the work of construction industry enterprises and their harmful emissions. The applied methods of protecting working areas from dust, their effectiveness and the need for their use in various industries have been studied. It is proposed to make changes to the dust cleaning system used in the production of granulated glass ceramic foam. To increase the degree of cleaning, it is proposed to install a Venturi scrubber instead of a cyclone.
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Plihal, H., F. Kretschmer, D. Schwarz, and Th Ertl. "Innovative sewer inspection as a basis for an optimised condition-based maintenance strategy." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.010.
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Currently, around 100,000 km of public sewers are operated in Austria, with cleaning as one of the main tasks for a wastewater utility. Due to the precarious financial situation of many cities and municipalities sewer cleaning represents a considerable financial burden, resulting in the extension of cleaning intervals and the delay of required cleaning activities. Different approaches to sewer management can be distinguished. If a selective strategy is adopted, only pipe sections with deposits are cleaned. Thus, detailed information regarding the amount of deposits is required. A simple and quick method to inspect the sewer system and assess the degree of sediments is by means of a manhole-zoom camera. The current research project INNOKANIS investigates the operational condition assessment of sewers by means of different manhole-zoom cameras. So far the data suggest that the majority of investigated pipe sections belongs to the self-cleaning category. Only 1% of the pipe sections of combined sewers and 11% of sanitary sewers require additional cleaning. The example of the city of Salzburg illustrates the potential savings in connection with sewer cleaning if a selective approach is adopted. Following a strategic change, the sewer cleaning expenses decreased by 60% within a year.
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Grudz, V. Ya, and N. B. Slobodian. "Improving the efficiency of gas pipeline cleaning by controlling the speed of the gas cleaning." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(33) (September 3, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2020-1(33)-29-35.
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An important aspect of improving the hydraulic efficiency of pipeline transport is its periodic cleaning with mechanical cleaning devices. Cleaning gas pipelines with cleaning pistons is a technologically complex process. It is advisable to adjust the speed of the piston to increase the efficiency of cleaning the pipeline with the crossed track profile. On the ascending and plain sections of the route, maintain a high speed of movement of the device, and on the descending it to reduce. To slow down the movement of the piston in the downstream sections of the main gas pipelines, it is proposed to change the technological scheme of the linear part. It is suggested to use a looping connection to change the flow chart. The change of the speed of movement of the treatment device when changing the technological scheme of the main gas pipeline was evaluated. The influence on the dynamics of the movement of the cleaning piston of the main parameters of the pipeline and looping, as well as the parameters of the movement of the piston itself, are investigated. A mathematical model of the process is built, on the basis of the implementation of which the regularities of the treatment device movement when changing the technological scheme of the gas pipeline are established. An equation was obtained to find the ratio of the mass flow rates of gas in the main gas pipeline before and after connecting the loop, which can be solved by the iteration method. The algorithm is developed and the program of calculation of the degree of reduction of the speed of movement of the piston is developed, depending on the kind of technological parameters and technical characteristics of the treatment device and the pipeline. Based on the calculations, the graphical dependences of the relative speed of the piston on the technological parameters and technical characteristics of the main pipeline were constructed. The authors found that the greatest effect on the degree of reduction of the speed of the piston has the length of the loop. It has been investigated that a decrease in the initial pressure and an increase in the final pressure, as well as an increase in the pressure drop at the moving boundary, lead to an improvement in the braking conditions
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Chen, Shuang, Xuechun Lin, Chuanfeng Zheng, Xuedong Guo, and Wuxing Chen. "Evaluation of Siltation Degree of Permeable Asphalt Pavement and Detection of Noise Reduction Degree." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010349.
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This study mainly uses PFC (particle follow code) to simulate the void characteristics of permeable asphalt mixture, and uses these to simulate the silting process. Then, a tire drop test was used to evaluate the noise reduction performance of permeable asphalt concrete. Finally, a self-made ring rutting test machine was used to simulate the silting process. Through experiments, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The critical size of the sludge particle size is 0.3 mm–0.6 mm. 2. The quality of the water-permeable asphalt concrete specimens increased by 13% before and after silting, and the porosity of the specimens finally decreased from about 20% to about 8%. The water-permeable function only retained less than 20% of the original, and the water-permeable function was basically lost. 3. By measuring the road noise detection, it was found that the road noise is directly proportional to the degree of blockage of the permeable road. Compared with the original road with a perfect permeable function, the road noise of the completely blocked road increased by about 4 decibels. This study reveals the silting process of permeable asphalt mixture and the key particle size of the silt, which is of great significance for the detection, cleaning and maintenance of permeable asphalt pavements.
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Zarkogiannis, Stergios D., George Kontakiotis, Georgia Gkaniatsa, Venkata S. C. Kuppili, Shashidhara Marathe, Kazimir Wanelik, Vasiliki Lianou, Evanggelia Besiou, Panayiota Makri, and Assimina Antonarakou. "An Improved Cleaning Protocol for Foraminiferal Calcite from Unconsolidated Core Sediments: HyPerCal—A New Practice for Micropaleontological and Paleoclimatic Proxies." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120998.
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Paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies routinely rely on the usage of foraminiferal calcite through faunal, morphometric and physico-chemical proxies. The application of such proxies presupposes the extraction and cleaning of these biomineralized components from ocean sediments in the most efficient way, a process which is often labor intensive and time consuming. In this respect, in this study we performed a systematic experiment for planktonic foraminiferal specimen cleaning using different chemical treatments and evaluated the resulting data of a Late Quaternary gravity core sample from the Aegean Sea. All cleaning procedures adopted here were made on the basis of their minimum potential bias upon foraminiferal proxies, such as the faunal assemblages, degree of fragmentation, stable isotope composition (δ18O and δ13C) and/or Mg/Ca ratios that are frequently used as proxies for surface-ocean climate parameters (e.g., sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity). Six different protocols were tested, involving washing, sieving, and chemical treatment of the samples with hydrogen peroxide and/or sodium hexametaphosphate (Calgon®). Single species foraminifera shell weighing was combined with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SμCT) of the material processed by each of the cleaning protocols, in order to assess the decontamination degree of specimen’s ultrastructure and interior. It appeared that a good compromise between time and cleaning efficiency is the simultaneous treatment of samples with a mixed hydrogen peroxide and Calgon solution, while the most effective way to almost completely decontaminate the calcareous components from undesirable sedimentary material is a two-step treatment—initially with hydrogen peroxide and subsequently with Calgon solutions.
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Maartens, A., P. Swart, and E. P. Jacobs. "Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Ultrafiltration: Characterisation, Fouling and Cleaning." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 9 (November 1, 1999): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0456.
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Organic matter in natural brown water as well as humic acids from a commercial sample were characterised by ultraviolet-visible light-spectroscopy and used in ultrafiltration studies. During ultrafiltration the pure-water flux and the operational flux were measured continuously to determine the degree of membrane fouling. The natural organic matter and commercial humic acid concentrations of the feed and permeate solutions were determined spectrophotometrically. These variables were used in conjunction with conventional flux measurements, to determine the colour-removal efficiency of ultrafiltration as well as the degree of foulant adsorption onto the membranes. Fouled membranes were cleaned with alkaline chemical agents normally used to extract natural organic matter from soil samples. The cleaning efficiency and the effect of cleaning solutions on the membrane selectivity were studied.
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PURING, Svetlana M., Denis N. VATUZOV, and Gennady I. TITOV. "OPTIMIZING THE CHOICE OF VENTILATING AIR CLEANING EQUIPMENT IN SYSTEMS OF LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.03.4.
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Functioning of industrial buildings is impossible without correctly organized ventilation system. Its work both regulates heat moist mode and the required indoor air purity that is cleaned with the help of air cleaning equipment. To make decision to construct the required air cleaning equipment at the enterprise it is worthwhile to give additional parameters and to solve a problem of multicriteria optimization to get the best results. The choice of the best variant is supposed to be carried out using Harrington’s desirability function. The conducted multicriteria analysis allowed to reveal optimum characteristics of air cleaning equipment, based on the required purifi cation air degree, the geometrical sizes of the equipment and aerodynamic resistance while introducing any particular device.
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Dobrin, S. A., S. Yu Shubkin, S. S. Buneev, and S. V. Eletskikh. "IMPROVEMENT OF ELECTROSTATIC FILTRATION AIR OF INDUSTRIAL SPACES OF AGRIBUSINESS." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 18, no. 4 (December 2020): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2020-18-117-123.
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The aim of the study was to develop a promising filtering device for cleaning industrial premises from fine dust of aerosol particles, providing increased cleaning efficiency and safety. A high degree of purification is guaranteed by electrostatic filters of the order of 90-95%. However, they also have a number of disadvantages that require improvements in the operating principle and design. In connection with the development of "clean" technologies in medicine, in the electronic and food industries, this direction of research is relevant.
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Turner, Nicholas A., and Deverick J. Anderson. "Hospital Infection Control: Clostridioides difficile." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 33, no. 02 (February 25, 2020): 098–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701234.
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Abstract Clostridioides difficile remains a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection. Efforts at C. difficile prevention have been hampered by an increasingly complex understanding of transmission patterns and a high degree of heterogeneity among existing studies. Effective prevention of C. difficile infection requires multimodal interventions, including contact precautions, hand hygiene with soap and water, effective environmental cleaning, use of sporicidal cleaning agents, and antimicrobial stewardship. Roles for probiotics, avoidance of proton pump inhibitors, and isolation of asymptomatic carriers remain poorly defined.
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Charykov, V. I., S. A. Sokolov, and A. A. Evdokimov. "Resource-saving technology and technical devices for restoring of operational features of lubricating and cooling fluids." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 3 (March 15, 2016): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66146.
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Today, one of the main tasks is to develop and create resource-saving machines and technologies for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids. The subjects of research are regularities of processes of cleaning of these fluids from metal magnetic particles in an electromagnetic separator, development of technical means and technologies of the electromagnetic cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids. Existing techniques and methods for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids are very energy-intensive. They require complex and expensive installations, have low productivity and do not allow to obtain a high degree of cleaning from metal magnetic particles. According to the analysis of existing constructions, the electromagnetic separator UMS-4M (УМС-4М) designed for cleaning of fluid materials from metal magnetic impurities has been developed in the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy. The distinctive feature of this installation is that for extracting of metal magnetic particles, the magnetic field concentrators are used. They enable to create high-gradient inhomogeneous magnetic field. The separation zone is located in closed contour of direct-current. The separator is installed on the process line for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids. New constructive technical devices are developed. These are netlike concentrators of inhomogeneous magnetic field which help to ensure efficiency of cleaning from metal magnetic particles up to 98%; the installation performance is 40 l/h. The scheme of the process line for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluid for enterprises of agroindustrial complex is proposed. The base of the process line consists of the electromagnetic separator and storage tanks to collect lubricating and cooling fluids.
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Iurcovschi, Tudor Cosmin, Viorica Vasilache, Ion Sandu, Marius Zaharia, Olga Pintilie, and Andrei Victor Sandu. "New Ecological Solutions Involved in the Cleaning of a 19th Century Icon." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031175.
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Cleaning of old icons requires special attention to selecting the processes and systems compatible with the chemical nature and adhesions of the deposits, to not affect the polychrome layer or their conservation status. The study was carried out on a 19th century icon made in fat tempera, on a thin layer of preparation that presents fouling. The cleaning was done using extracts obtained from sage, St. John’s Wort, and, respectively, licorice root teas obtained through different extraction processes: microwave, ultrasound, boiling, and room temperature, respectively. The washing capacity of the new system used was analyzed by analytical methods of assessing the cleaning degree: UV-Vis reflection, reflective colorimetry type CIE L*a*b*, co-assisted with optical microscopy and scanning electrone microscopy (SEM-EDX).
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Santos, Zipora Morgana Quinteiro dos, Gabriela de Campos Severo, Maiara Krebs Segatto, and Jéssica dos Reis Lohmann Monteiro. "GUIDELINES FOR THE CLEANING OF EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES USED IN THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 576–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss5.3127.
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In the current scenario caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, biosafety practices in the cleaning of surfaces, equipment and accessories used in aesthetic care are essential to ensure the health of professionals and clients who attend the health, beauty, and wellness segments. In view of the importance of preserving and preparing the work environment for safe attendance, issues related to procedures, materials and processes for cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing equipment and accessories used in aesthetic environments according to the degree of criticality have been elucidated.
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Freese, Silvia, Samar Diraoui, Anca Mateescu, Petra Frank, Charis Theodorakopoulos, and Ulrich Jonas. "Polyolefin-Supported Hydrogels for Selective Cleaning Treatments of Paintings." Gels 6, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels6010001.
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Surface decontamination is of general concern in many technical fields including optics, electronics, medical environments, as well as art conservation. In this respect, we developed thin copolymer networks covalently bonded to flexible polyethylene (PE) sheets for hydrogel-based cleaning of varnished paintings. The syntheses of acrylates and methacrylates of the surfactants Triton X-100, Brij 35, and Ecosurf EH-3 or EH-9 and their incorporation into copolymers with acrylamide (PAM) and N-(4-benzoylphenyl)acrylamide are reported. Photocrosslinked polymer networks were prepared from these copolymers on corona-treated PE sheets, which can be swollen with aqueous solution to form hydrogel layers. The cleaning efficacy of these PE-PAM hydrogel systems, when swollen with appropriate cleaning solutions, was evaluated on painting surfaces in dependence of the PAM copolymer composition and degree of crosslinking. Specifically, soil and varnish removal and varnish surface solubilization were assessed on mock-ups as well as on paintings, indicating that even surfactant-free cleaning solutions were effective.
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Pušić, Tanja, Bosiljka Šaravanja, and Krešimir Malarić. "Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Knitted Fabric Made from Polyamide Threads Coated with Silver." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051281.
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This paper investigates a textile material of low surface mass for its protection against electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which is suitable for composite structures of garments, and for technical and interior applications. The shielding effectiveness against EMR of fabric knitted from polyamide threads coated with silver, measured in the frequency range of 0.9 GHz to 2.4 GHz, indicated a high degree of protection. The key contribution of the paper is the evaluation of the stability of the shielding properties against EM radiation after applying apolar and polar solvents, in synergy with the cyclic process parameters of wet and dry cleaning. The results of the study confirmed the decline in the shielding effectiveness after successive cycles of material treatment with dry and wet cleaning. The effect of wet cleaning in relation to dry cleaning is more apparent, which is due to the damage of the silver coating on the polyamide threads in the knitted fabric.
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Buczek, Bronislaw. "Analysis of Spent Active Coke Properties by Spouted Bed Technique." Chemical and Process Engineering 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2013-0034.
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Abstract Samples of active coke, fresh and spent after cleaning flue gases from communal waste incinerators, were studied. The outer layers of both coke particles were separately removed by comminution mechanism in a spouted bed. Analyses included density, mercury porosimetry and adsorption. The remaining cores were examined to determine the degree of consumption of coke by adsorption of hazardous emissions (SO2, HCl, heavy metals) through its bed. The differences in contamination levels within the porous structure of the particles were estimated. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of active coke in the cleaning of flue gases.
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Wang, Lifu, Dongyan Shi, Zhixun Yang, Guangliang Li, Chunlong Ma, Dongze He, and Liang Yan. "Numerical simulation and experimental research of cavitation nozzle based on equation curve." Water Supply 21, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.058.
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Abstract To further investigate and improve the cleaning ability of the cavitation nozzle, this paper proposes a new model that is based on the Helmholtz nozzle and with the quadratic equation curve as the outer contour of the cavitation chamber. First, the numerical simulation of the flow field in the nozzle chamber was conducted using FLUENT software to analyze and compare the impact of the curve parameters and Reynolds number on the cleaning effect. Next, the flow field was captured by a high-speed camera in order to study the cavitation cycle and evolution process. Then, experiments were performed to compare the cleaning effect of the new nozzle with that of the Helmholtz nozzle. The study results demonstrate that effective cavitation does not occur when the diameter of the cavitation chamber is too large. For the new nozzle, with the increase of the Reynolds number, the degree of cavitation in the chamber first increases and then decreases; the cleaning effect is much better than that of a traditional Helmholtz nozzle under the same conditions; the nozzle has the best cleaning effect for the stand-off distance of 300 mm.
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Yan, Yu, Wei Jiang, An Zhang, Qiao Min Li, Hong Jun Li, Wei Chen, and YunFei Lei. "Research on configuration design and operation effect evaluation for ultra high voltage (UHV) vertical insulator cleaning robot." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 1 (October 12, 2019): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-08-2019-0167.
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Purpose This study aims to the three major problems of low cleaning efficiency, high labor intensity and difficult to evaluate the cleaning effect for manual insulators cleaning in ultra high voltage (UHV) converter station, the purpose of this paper is to propose a basic configuration of UHV vertical insulator cleaning robot with multi-freedom-degree mechanical arm system on mobile airborne platform and its innovation cleaning operation motion planning. Design/methodology/approach The main factors affecting the insulators cleaning effect in the operation process have been analyzed. Because of the complex coupling relationship between the influencing factors and the insulators cleaning effect, it is difficult to establish its analytical mathematical model. Combining the non-linear mapping and approximation characteristics of back propagation (BP) neural network, the insulator cleaning effect evaluation can be abstracted as a non-linear approximation process from actual cleaning effect to ideal cleaning effect. An evaluation method of robot insulator cleaning effect based on BP neural network has been proposed. Findings Through the BP neural network training, the robot cleaning control parameters can be obtained and used in the robot online operation control, so that the better cleaning effect can be also obtained. Finally, a physical prototype of UHV vertical insulator cleaning robot has been developed, and the effectiveness and engineering practicability of the proposed robot configuration, cleaning effect evaluation method are all verified by simulation experiments and field operation experiments. At the same time, this method has the remarkable characteristics of sound versatility, strong adaptability, easy expansion and popularization. Originality/value An UHV vertical insulator cleaning robot operation system platform with multi-arm system on airborne platform has been proposed. Through the coordinated movement of the manipulator each joint, the manipulator can be positioned to the insulator strings, and the insulator can be cleaned by two pairs high-pressure nozzles located at the double manipulator. The influence factors of robot insulator cleaning effect have been analyzed. The BP neural network model of insulator cleaning effect evaluation has been established. The evaluation method of robot insulator cleaning effect based on BP neural network has also been proposed, and the corresponding evaluation result can be obtained through the network training. Through the system integration design, the robot physical prototype has been developed. For the evaluation of other operation effects of power system, the validity and engineering practicability of the robot mechanism, motion planning and the method for evaluating the effect of robot insulator cleaning have been verified by simulation and field operation experiments.
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Zaluzec, Nestor. "Plasma Cleaning EM Stages, Specimens, and Columns." Microscopy Today 5, no. 4 (May 1997): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500061356.
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In my 20 plus years of experience, I have found that nearly every specimen contaminates to some degree (some slower, some faster) in an electron microscope regardless of the manufacturer. Most of this contamination comes from the specimen, and it's magnitude is a function of the sample (metallic, semiconductor, organic, etc.), the method of preparation (electrochemical chemical, microtoming, ion milling, etc.), the microscope conditions, the probe and probe current - plus a number of less well controlled factors. Reactive gas plasmas can fortunately be used to mitigate the contamination process and frequently reduce the problem to negligible levels. Basically, one places the specimen/stage in a “tow energy plasma” where the gas acts like a catalyst for a localized surface chemical reaction, The energy of the plasma breaks weak bonds of the hydrocarbon compounds on the surface which then make these species somewhat volatile so that they can further react with the gas in the plasma.
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Mengüç, Yiğit, Michael Röhrig, Uyiosa Abusomwan, Hendrik Hölscher, and Metin Sitti. "Staying sticky: contact self-cleaning of gecko-inspired adhesives." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 94 (May 6, 2014): 20131205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1205.
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The exceptionally adhesive foot of the gecko remains clean in dirty environments by shedding contaminants with each step. Synthetic gecko-inspired adhesives have achieved similar attachment strengths to the gecko on smooth surfaces, but the process of contact self-cleaning has yet to be effectively demonstrated. Here, we present the first gecko-inspired adhesive that has matched both the attachment strength and the contact self-cleaning performance of the gecko's foot on a smooth surface. Contact self-cleaning experiments were performed with three different sizes of mushroom-shaped elastomer microfibres and five different sizes of spherical silica contaminants. Using a load–drag–unload dry contact cleaning process similar to the loads acting on the gecko foot during locomotion, our fully contaminated synthetic gecko adhesives could recover lost adhesion at a rate comparable to that of the gecko. We observed that the relative size of contaminants to the characteristic size of the microfibres in the synthetic adhesive strongly determined how and to what degree the adhesive recovered from contamination. Our approximate model and experimental results show that the dominant mechanism of contact self-cleaning is particle rolling during the drag process. Embedding of particles between adjacent fibres was observed for particles with diameter smaller than the fibre tips, and further studied as a temporary cleaning mechanism. By incorporating contact self-cleaning capabilities, real-world applications of synthetic gecko adhesives, such as reusable tapes, clothing closures and medical adhesives, would become feasible.
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Lambin, A. I. "Studying joint influence of a number of factors on borehole cleaning." Earth sciences and subsoil use 44, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-4-448-457.
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Studying the behavior of cuttings transport under various conditions using experimental observations and computational fluid dynamics is the main method for analyzing the influence of cuttings, fluid and operating parameters on well cleaning. Despite the existing abundant models and recommendations of researchers, still there are problems with the accuracy of determining the cuttings layer height, critical velocity and other key parameters, which complicates the task of effective solution of the problem of borehole cleaning. The purpose of the study is to analyze the models obtained via the organization of a full factorial experiment and variance analysis to identify the influence of such factors as viscosity and flow rate of the drilling fluid in the annular space and the inclination angle of the well on the degree of cuttings transport. The studies of the kind are carried out using special devices called flow loops. Experimental data were taken from literature sources. To organize a full factorial experiment, the data of the dependent variable were combined into a combinational square, which simplified the coding of factor values. After setting the full factorial experiment, the models were obtained that made it possible to assess the contribution of the studied factors to the process of destruction product removal within the intervals determined while setting the research tasks. The obtained models allowed to determine the influence degree of each of the factors on the process under investigation. The results of the succeeding analysis of variance confirmed the indicated degree of influence and determined the rank of each of the factors in percentage.
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Shen, Yi Jun, Tien Chu Lin, and Muh Ron Wang. "Production of Carbon Dioxide Snow by Flash-Atomization for Material Cleaning Process." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.282.
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This paper investigates the production of CO2 snow by flash-atomization of liquid carbon dioxide for material cleaning process. The evolution of flash-atomization processes was recorded by means of high-speed shadowgraph. Results shows that the degree of superheat condition of liquid CO2 greatly influence the atomization modes, bobbles growth rate and concentration, and thus result in difference spray angle, spray pattern, and the structure of liquid jet which is suitable for different material cleaning applications. It is found that the spray angle first slowly increases with increase in the degree of superheat (ΔT) under external flash atomization processes. It is increased drastically as the spray transform from external-flashing to internal-flashing mode. Finally the spray angle is decreased again because of the decrease of mass flowrate due to the internal flashing processes . Moreover, the spray angle is increased as the length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) is increased. This is due to the higher bobble growth rate in terms of different pressure distribution and bobble growth time. It is also found that the external-flashing disappears at higher L/D because of the heat transfer to the liquid carbon dioxide. It is concluded that the superheated condition is useful in the control of the spray angle for material cleaning processes.
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Tao, Feng He, Shu Ai Wang, and Xiang Hua Bai. "Application of Extendable Optimal Degree Method in Evaluation of the Gun Maintenance Process Quality." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.223.
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The gun maintenance quality includes the maintenance process quality and the quality after maintenance, which is determined and guaranteed by the maintenance process. Based on the situation, the gun maintenance process was divided into six key maintenance working procedures, cleaning, inspection, disassembly, repair, assembly, adjustment and correction. From the perspective of 5M1E, the evaluation index system of the gun maintenance process quality was proposed. Then, the evaluation model of the gun maintenance process quality was established based on extendable optimal degree method. Finally, an example was given.
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Maysyuk, Elena. "Measures to prevent emissions of pollutants when burning coals in small-capacity boilers in the central ecological area of the Baikal natural territory." E3S Web of Conferences 77 (2019): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197704007.
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The paper presents a brief description of the municipal coal-fired boiler plants of the central ecological zone and estimation of the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. The intensity and volume of emissions depend on many factors. These are the capacity and efficiency of the boiler units, the amount of fuel consumed and its physicochemical properties, the type of furnace and the degree of flue gas cleaning. The study indicates that 25% of the total emissions from coal-fired boilers is produced by the energy sources with manually - loaded boilers with a unit capacity of up to 1 Gcal/hr without flue gas cleaning systems. The paper presents the main ways to reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere from heat production. The best available technologies for reducing emissions into the atmosphere and reducing waste generation are reviewed with a focus on preliminary fuel preparation and cleaning, technological measures and the installation of flue gas cleaning systems. Recommendations on their application in coal-fired small-capacity boiler plants in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory are given.
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Šaravanja, Bosiljka, Krešimir Malarić, and Tanja Pušić. "Textile materials as barriers against electromagnetic radiation." Holistic approach to environment 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2019): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.9.4.1.
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The accelerated development of textile products that have shielding properties against electromagnetic (EM) radiation excites the interest of scientists, the textile and clothing industry in the manufacture of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and clothing with shielding properties. This paper deals with the investigation of the shielding effect of the electroconductive fabric to be used for manufacturing protective clothing consisting of textile and non-textile components. The textile component is a cotton-modacrylic blend, and the non-textile component is an inox yarn inserted into the fabric every 1 cm in the transverse direction of the fabric. The fabric was finished using solvents in the processes of dry and wet cleaning as potential care processes. The measurement results of shielding fabric properties have shown that the degree of shielding is better preserved after 10 cycles of wet cleaning than after dry cleaning