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1
Aschner, Andrew Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Planning for sustainability through cleaner production." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20669.
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The concept of sustainable development is receiving a great deal of attention in industry. However, the operational processes for industrial environmental management are still at an early stage of development and despite the best efforts of operations management and environmental specialists a great many products and services continue to be unsustainable. This presents threats to society and risks for survival to manufacturers. The purpose of the Thesis is to accelerate environmental improvements through the uptake of Cleaner Production concepts by developing a methodology for guiding manufacturing enterprises. The tenets of the proposed methodology include: o oo Reliance on a strategic approach ooo Development of an implementation path similar to those used in introducing other major culture and technology changes ooo Culture and policy change are strategically generated from within manufacturing organisations Specifically, the main objectives of the Project are: 1. to invent a relatively easily implementable methodology for planning for sustainability for manufacturing enterprises of all sizes 2. to address the major industrial environmental management issues at all levels within the enterprise as one seamless process 3. to configure the methodology so that it may be incorporated into an existing body of knowledge, e.g., manufacturing management/manufacturing engineering 4. to minimise complexities by standardising key concepts and terminology The Thesis integrates Sustainability and Cleaner Production concepts, systems and technologies and performance indicators with a planning model to arrive at what has been termed as " the Strategy Development and Implementation with Cleaner Production" process. This solution addresses the key point of integrating Cleaner Production concepts ii with the manufacturing planning processes, but just as importantly, it also establishes the links between the steps from strategy initiation through to implementation, from the boardroom down to the factory floor. The main modules of the work are: o oo establishing relationships between strategic, business and manufacturing plans using the concepts of Sustainability, Eco-efficiency and Cleaner Production ooo development of links between planning and operations using the concepts of Industrial Ecology and Life Cycle Management ooo development of a classification system, referred to as a Cleaner Production toolkit, to promote optimum selection of hard and soft systems and technologies ooo development of appropriate Cleaner Production Indicators to complete the loop.
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Ouano, Ely Anthony Rosales. "Successful pollution control through cleaner production myth or reality /." Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/162.
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"July 2007".Thesis PhD -- Macquarie University, Division of Law, Centre for Environmental Law, 2007.
Bibliography: p. 334-369.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Also available in print form
xvi, 376 p
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Palacio, Sandra L. "Environmental management, cleaner production and organizational performance: case of Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14838.
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Organizations can redirect their business models to solve the problem of materials
depletion using environmental management and cleaner production as practices of the circular
economy. This study aimed to measure the relationship between environmental management,
cleaner production, and organizational performance. Within this context, a survey of 372
companies was conducted in the agro-industrial, manufacturing, construction sectors in three
important productive regions of Colombia. These three sectors were defined because they
belong to the real productive sector and represent a greater participation in the country’s gross
domestic product. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The economic
sector moderated the relationship between the latent variables. This phenomenon was
analyzed using a multi-group technique. The results showed that cleaner production was
positively related to organizational performance at corporations. It was also observed that
environmental management influenced cleaner production. Finally, it is worth noting that
productive sectors in Colombia tend to be committed to circular economy practices, some to
environmental management and others to cleaner production with an impact on organizational
performance. These findings will be extremely useful for promoting future research studies
with regard to establishing a better framework for promoting environmental management and
cleaner production practices primarily among Colombian productive companies as this work
can also serve as a reference for other industrial sectors and other countries.Tesis
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Ozbay, Arzu. "Cleaner Production Opportunity Assessment For Market Milk Production In Ataturk Orman Ciftligi (aoc) Facility." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604777/index.pdf.
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In this study, possible cleaner production opportunities for a dairy processing facility
are examined, considering the market milk production process. Cleaner production
concept and its key tools of implementation were analyzed to build the basis of
study. General production process and its resulting environmental loads are discussed
by taking possible CP opportunities as the axis of study. A methodology is developed
for cleaner production opportunity assessment in Milk Processing Facility of Atatürk Orman Ciftligi. The methodology covers two major steps
preparation of checklists for assisting auditing and opportunity assessment
implementation of the mass balance analysis. For mass balance analysis, measurements and experimental analysis of the mass flows are utilized to determine the inputs and outputs. Prepared check lists are utilized to determine waste reduction options that could be implemented. Selected opportunities are evaluated considering its environmental benefits and economic feasibility.
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Özbay, Arzu. "Cleaner production opportunity assessment for market milk production in Atatürk Orman Çiftliği(AOÇ) facility." Ankara : METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604777/index.pdf.
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Altham, William Ashley. "Benchmarking to trigger and sustain the introduction of cleaner production in small to medium sized enterprises." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/527.
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This thesis investigates benchmarking (and associated capacity building activities) as a trigger for the diffusion and implementation of Cleaner Production. The critical success factors for the environmental benchmarking process are: The identification of gaps in environmental performance in areas important to the long-term future of the businesses; Providing and/or promoting the drivers to close the performance gaps; Ensuring business managers possess the ability and tools to close the performance gap. A program was developed implementing these factors and delivered to the drycleaning industry in Western Australia. This program identified large performance gaps for the different Eco-Efficiency indicators. The participants accepted the benchmarks (which are amended for 'economies of scale' if required) as suitable targets and committed their businesses to achieving these in their action plans. Economic benefits, managing environmental risk and maintaining their licence to operate were found to be important drivers. Participants on average reduced hazardous waste generation by 48%, improved their chemical efficiency by 30% and their energy efficiency by 9%, while individual business manager's levels of Eco-Efficiency improvements varied widely. The businesses with the higher levels of productivity and the greatest experience in the industry obtained the greatest improvements in Eco-Efficiency from the program. Furthermore, the business managers involved in the program had a significantly higher uptake of Cleaner Production in comparison with control groups, both inside the drycleaning sector as well as in 3 other sectors dominated by small to medium-sized enterprises.This research indicates that benchmarking for small businesses needs to be part of an on-going industry specific capacity building program with the opportunity to network in a supportive atmosphere. When this is the case, improved environmental accounting practices and benchmarking can trigger and sustain the uptake of Cleaner Production to improve the Eco-Efficiency of small businesses.
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Larwood, Andrew John. "Cleaner production : promoting and achieving it in the South Australian foundry industry." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl336.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 123-130. The literature search and the findings from the investigation have been used to provide recommendations for a sector specific cooperative approach using regulation, self-regulation, voluntary agreements, economic incentatives and educational/information strategies to promote and acheive cleaner production in the South Australian foundry industry.
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Bogurcu, Merve. "Investigation Of Sectoral Priorities For Cleaner (sustainable) Production At Regional And National Level." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614218/index.pdf.
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One of the most important factors leading to success of a regional/national cleaner (sustainable) production strategy is sector-focused approach. Due to limited resources and other constraints, it is a necessity to make a prioritization between
sectors for cleaner (sustainable) production practices. Thus, within the scope of this study, manufacturing industry sub-sectors in Izmir and in Turkey were prioritized based on various criteria. The results should assist policy makers in the preparation of related sectoral roadmaps and action plans.The prioritization of manufacturing industry sub-sector was accomplished via Multi- Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method with the integration of recent available data and by taking feedback from the stakeholders. Investigation of the sectoral
priorities was carried out both at regional (Izmir) and national (Turkey) level. The criteria used in prioritization of manufacturing industry sub-sectors in Izmir were water and energy consumption, amount of wastewater discharged, amount of solid waste and hazardous waste generated, greenhouse gas emissions, HerfindahlHirschman Index (statistical measure of market concentration), sectoral employment, number of companies, export share, added value and suitability for
cleaner (sustainable) production. In the prioritization analysis of Turkey all of the aforementioned criteria for Izmir except Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, number of companies and added value were used.Based on the results of this study, the top five high priority industrial sectors for cleaner (sustainable) production practices in Izmir are basic metal industry, food
products and beverages, chemicals and chemical products, other non-metallic mineral products and coke and refined petroleum. In the sectoral prioritization analysis for cleaner (sustainable) production in Turkey textile industry takes the
place of coke and refined petroleum. These sectors coincide with the priority sectors identified based on different purposes by other regional and national institutions.
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Reddick, Jane. "An investigation of cleaner production opportunities in the South African coal mining industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5410.
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Includes bibliographical references.The coal mining and processing industry in South Africa is responsible for significant local and regional environmental impacts, most notably those on water quality. As a result, legislation is becoming more stringent, public concerns are increasing and mine rehabilitation costs, which are incurred by the mining companies, are increasing. In response to this, the coal mining industry is recognising the importance of proper environmental management. However, the focus is still largely on end-of-pipe solutions. Cleaner Production (CP), which is a continuous preventative approach to environmental issues, has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective means of reducing wastes, increasing process efficiencies and improving the resource utilisation of coal mines in several countries, as well as of certain South African industries. It is therefore expected that Cleaner Production can provide the South African coal mining industry with an efficient, cost-effective approach to minimiSing its environmental footprint, and to meeting present and future legislation. This thesis aims to investigate whether this is in fact the case, by investigating and proposing feasible CP interventions for the coal mining industry.
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Denham, Felicity Claire. "Cleaner production strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emission in the Western Australian finfish industry." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/428.
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This research measured the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from three Western Australian finfish supply chains, and determined a combination of strategies that have the potential to reduce up to 35% of the total GHG emissions. The greatest emissions came from electricity consumption, filleting waste and refrigeration gases. Cleaner production strategies identified solar energy as providing the greatest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and potential long term profit.
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Altham, William Ashley. "Benchmarking to trigger and sustain the introduction of cleaner production in small to medium sized enterprises." Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Education, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14708.
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This thesis investigates benchmarking (and associated capacity building activities) as a trigger for the diffusion and implementation of Cleaner Production. The critical success factors for the environmental benchmarking process are: The identification of gaps in environmental performance in areas important to the long-term future of the businesses; Providing and/or promoting the drivers to close the performance gaps; Ensuring business managers possess the ability and tools to close the performance gap. A program was developed implementing these factors and delivered to the drycleaning industry in Western Australia. This program identified large performance gaps for the different Eco-Efficiency indicators. The participants accepted the benchmarks (which are amended for 'economies of scale' if required) as suitable targets and committed their businesses to achieving these in their action plans. Economic benefits, managing environmental risk and maintaining their licence to operate were found to be important drivers. Participants on average reduced hazardous waste generation by 48%, improved their chemical efficiency by 30% and their energy efficiency by 9%, while individual business manager's levels of Eco-Efficiency improvements varied widely. The businesses with the higher levels of productivity and the greatest experience in the industry obtained the greatest improvements in Eco-Efficiency from the program. Furthermore, the business managers involved in the program had a significantly higher uptake of Cleaner Production in comparison with control groups, both inside the drycleaning sector as well as in 3 other sectors dominated by small to medium-sized enterprises.This research indicates that benchmarking for small businesses needs to be part of an on-going industry specific capacity building program with the opportunity to network in a supportive atmosphere. When this is the case, improved environmental accounting practices and benchmarking can trigger and sustain the uptake of Cleaner Production to improve the Eco-Efficiency of small businesses.
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Vickers, Ian. "Cleaner production : organisational learning or business as usual? An example from the domestic appliance industry." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360066.
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Page, Andre Paul. "The barriers and opportunities of resource efficiency and cleaner production within a South African context." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2800.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.This research study investigates how environmental tools such as Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP) can contribute to sustaining and supporting economic growth in South Africa. Resource optimisation is crucial when considering the concept of sustainable development. It also contributes to addressing the challenges of global warming and climate change, which in turn threaten industrial growth and sustainability in the long term. The study places emphasis on the barriers that prevent industry from implementing RECP recommendations, and identifies opportunities that could potentially reposition businesses should they consider implementation. It also promotes other sustainability tools that are available through collaboration with international entities, and this could be of great benefit to the South African industry. Factors of unemployment and urbanisation restricts national growth to some degree, hence the study explores how RECP can contribute to job retention by introducing new resource optimisation methodologies for the manufacturing sector, Moreover, it examines the imbalance between the demand as well as limitations of these resources. Through the compilation of data collated from questionnaires completed by industry, government and civil society participants, this study looks at achieving a balance between environmental sustainability and growth. It also looks at aligning this balance with the integration of specific economic and environmental policies, which also includes social aspects. What comes through significantly in this research is the lack of awareness within industry in terms of RECP, as well as the importance of prioritising the uptake of environmental initiatives to ensure that industry is compliant with the stringent policies and legislation designed by government to drive the sustainability process. Consequently the study shows that communication between public and private sector, as well as the awareness raising and marketing of sustainability to consumers need to be improved. An analysis of the various government support mechanisms is conducted, in respect of how industry could potentially leverage growth and drive positive change within their businesses. In addition to RECP, emphasis is placed on other Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) initiatives and tools that could possibly entrench sustainable practices and help with their incorporation into their business strategies.
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Dalcomuni, Sonia Maria. "Dynamic capabilities for cleaner production innovation : the case of the market pulp export industry in Brazil." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362209.
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Niyobuhungiro, Rissa Vénérande. "Investigation of the applicability of a cleaner production approach to road side catering in urban Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32166.
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In urban Africa, informal street food trade is often accompanied by processing activities, including slaughtering, brewing, grilling or cooking. Food and drinks are often prepared on open fires using wood as a fuel. When wood is used as a fuel, it generally emits smoke containing various pollutants. Previous studies showed that limited capital, lack of education and expression are the main barriers to the implementation of new technologies in the informal sector. It has been argued that the use of cleaner technologies, especially those relevant for the energetic aspect of informal production, would provide affordable net benefits to society in terms of public health, climate change mitigation and food security, but without showing how this could be done in a specific case. This thesis investigated whether a cleaner production approach would be beneficial: economically and for health and safety to roadside vendors in an informal context. The study aimed to provide insights as to whether government could show presence in such settings not only as (unwelcome) regulator, but in a supportive way by introducing cleaner and more efficient means of production, mainly clean-burning technologies in the informal food and drinks preparation. The specific objectives of this thesis were to: ➢ Compare the resource usage and pollution loads associated with traditional vs. cleaner methods of informal roadside food and drink preparation; ➢ Establish whether the cost-savings deriving from increased resource efficiency of cleaner methods would be sufficient motivation for producers to adopt these; ➢ Observe and document other constraints to the adoption of cleaner methods of production by attempting to demonstrate resource efficiency gains and emission reductions possible under real conditions of informal food and drinks production. Two cleaner technologies were considered: efficient wood stoves, which are known to have sizeable benefits in terms of reduced fuel wood usage and smoke emissions (though investigated to date mainly in the context of household energy usage), and anaerobic digestion, which can potentially serve simultaneously as receptacle and treatment for organic wastes, and produce biogas to serve fuel needs. This study combined qualitative and quantitative field observations in a case study setting with experimental work to study the biogas production potential of slaughtering waste. The case study location, Nyanga township in Cape Town, served as a representation of the many urban African settings in which roadside catering occurs. Nyanga township has both formal and informal housing. Its population including many unskilled and unemployed people also makes it a good place for informal activities. One common informal economic activity in Nyanga is the production of cooked meals and drinks. This is done on street corners alongside the road around the transport interchange, where many people pass by and vendors provide various services. The cooked meals include roasted lamb, pork and beef. Live chickens are slaughtered and plucked, and also sold whole for home preparation. An African beer known as umqombothi is locally prepared in two processes, with each process involving approximately two hours of cooking using a 230 L drum. In the field work, it was investigated how much wood was used in open fires compared to efficient wood stoves, specifically for the activity of chicken plucking and umqombothi mashing. The respective fuel costs were calculated and the air quality in the street-side workplace were measured in term of levels of particulate matter less than 10 micron (PM10). It was observed in the field that in most cases sheep and chicken slaughter waste was dumped alongside the road. This dumping was due to the lack of slaughtering facilities in the area. Many other reports have stated that the lack of adequate infrastructure in informal settlements is the cause of inappropriate waste dumping. The qualitative observations confirmed that the meat and other cooked meals were prepared using inefficient methods linked not only to the waste of resources but also to waste of money and exposure to polluted air from burning wood. Air quality measurements showed smoke levels near open fires to be about 8 times higher than when using an efficient wood stove. PM10 levels of 4 900 ±1 500 µg/m3 were measured near chicken pluckers using open fires for their hot water, while when using a stove the PM10 averaged 590 ± 130 µg/m3 . Smoke levels near biogas stoves were measured at 310 ±140 µg/m3 . The stoves used in this study reduced the quantity of wood used for plucked chicken production by a factor of 6. This reflected a reduction in energy otherwise wasted around the pot in the inefficient traditional cooking method. Stove use reduced the solid waste as well as the smoke accordingly. If a stove lasted 3 years, the vendors would save an estimated R33 700 on fuelwood in case they used harvested wood, and if wood waste is used, the fuelwood savings over three years would be R6 300. It was estimated that 100 kg of slaughtering waste dumped every day could generate enough biogas for 7 vendors to be provided with enough thermal energy for their catering trades. Based on the experimental work conducted, it was calculated that a digester of a size of 76 m3 would be needed for this amount of slaughtering waste. The main conclusions of the thesis are: • Cleaner technologies, in the form of efficient wood stoves and biogas reactors and stoves, showed significant saving potential in the informal roadside food and drink production processes investigated in Nyanga, Cape Town. • The wood stoves investigated in this study were suitable for chicken plucking (which use 25 L pots) but not for the mashing stage of umqombothi preparation (which is done in 230 L drums). • The use of these stoves resulted in a 6-fold reduction in wood burned, as well as an 8-fold reduction in particulate air pollution in the workplace. These stoves also offered a very fast payback time (of the order of a few weeks) and significant fuel wood cost savings to caterers. • Biogas stoves were the cleanest of the three methods compared and should be affordable to caterers if a reasonably priced gas supply were available, but the biogas reactor installation represents an infrastructure investment that could not be paid for by the caterers. • A biogas intervention would ensure the reduction of slaughter waste, which is often indiscriminately dumped and thus a significant health hazard. The main recommendations of the study are: • Since wood stoves would offer fast payback times for fuel wood using traders, the local economic development section of local government should aim to stimulate and develop local business to provide such stoves to caterers. • While the slaughter waste can be used as a substrate for biogas generation, for it to become available to the vendors, local government should invest in this as a form of urban infrastructure. • Slaughtering facilities should be built for the vendors where the waste can be kept together and may be used by the municipalities or other bodies. • Similar studies in other developing countries are also encouraged, so as to develop the specific insights on the affordability of achieving benefits to society in terms of public health, climate change mitigation and food security worldwide. Enough time should be allocated for research that combines social interactions in the field with scientific measurements.
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Batumbya, Nalukowe Barbara. "Sustainable Industrial Development in Uganda through Cleaner Production : Case Study of Sugar Corporation of Uganda Ltd (SCOUL)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32720.
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The thesis provides an assessment of Cleaner Production (CP) implementation in Ugandan industries, using Sugar Corporation Of Uganda Limited (SCOUL) as a case study. The thesis covers the time the CP programme was implemented in 2004 to date. The study is primarily concerned with the sustainability of CP in Ugandan industries. Using the local Uganda Cleaner Production Centre (UCPC) Assessment Approach, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used to explore the trend (progress) of environmental and economic performance of CP in SCOUL. Several indicators are used to gain better understanding of the raw materials, products and waste in SCOUL. The thesis sets out to assess the environmental and economic performance of CP in Uganda, identify barriers to CP and make recommendations for Sustainable CP in Uganda. The findings show that both the environmental and economic performance of SCOUL continues to improve, in line with raw material, products and wastereduction. This improvement can be attributed to the different CP optionswhich were implemented. These options include reduction, reuse and recycling. From the findings, it can also be argued that CP is a practical way towards sustainable industrial development as demonstrated in the progress made by SCOUL and that CP has good potential for application in other industries in Uganda. This is because CP is simple to implement and yet it has both economical and environmental performance benefits. As such, it can be argued that CP will lead to sustainable industrial development in Uganda. The long term aim of this study is to contribute towards promotion of sustainable industrial development in Uganda by showing that the implementation of Cleaner Production is simple and yet it has both financial and environmental benefits.www.ima.kth.se
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Alsayigh, Ali. "Applying lean principles to transform conventional oil and gas production operations in a Gulf State into cleaner energy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19485.
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There is much interest in the protection of the ecosystem within the oil and gas industry. This is particularly significant in the countries of the Middle East where the oil and gas sectors contribute a large part, in some cases all of the country economies. A case study research analysis into the Lean and Green principles of one of the State of Kuwait organisations could offer the country huge potential and could benefit other Arabian Gulf countries. In the chosen country (Kuwait), Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has no other outlet for its business apart from oil and gas production. It also does not concern itself with other support business that could contribute to Kuwait's economy.
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Лазненко, Олена Миколаївна, Елена Николаевна Лазненко, Olena Mykolaivna Laznenko, and М. С. Халіуліна. "Застосування на виробництвах України сучасних методів вирішення екологічних проблем." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31655.
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Більшість технологій та методів експлуатації обладнання, що використовуються на підприємствах України застаріли та призводять до надмірного утворення відходів, викидів, скидів забруднюючих речовин. Фактична величина втрат часто перевищує очікування підприємств.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31655
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Suprunenko, S. "E-learning for environment on the example of the distance education course: introduction to cleaner production and sustainable development." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23328.
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Vicente, Claudia Spegiorin 1962. "Produção mais limpa aplicada nos processos de produção e transfusão de hemocomponentes." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258314.
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Orientador: Egle Novaes TeixeiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vicente_ClaudiaSpegiorin_D.pdf: 5969713 bytes, checksum: ed0a90aaf19195b916ebd3398b2868c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Os hemocomponentes, concentrados de hemácias, concentrados de plaquetas e plasma, são os produtos obtidos a partir do sangue total doado pelo doador de sangue. São os principais produtos de um serviço de hemoterapia, e devem ter características que garantam a segurança da terapia transfusional. No acompanhamento da cadeia geradora de resíduo do Hemocentro de Campinas, o descarte de unidades de sangue total e de hemocomponentes chama a atenção. A Metodologia de Produção mais Limpa (P+L) é uma ferramenta interessante para tratar as causas destes eventos, pois, através dela, é possível analisar as causas de geração deste resíduo, promover a minimização e a busca por soluções que tragam benefícios sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Neste estudo foi analisado o fluxo das bolsas plásticas para coleta de sangue de doadores desde a aquisição até a finalização da transfusão, tendo como referência a metodologia da P+L para identificar as causas e as possibilidades de minimização do descarte de unidades sangue total e de hemocomponentes em cada processo. Foram identificadas seis oportunidades de P+L, uma no processo de Gestão de Materiais, três no processo de Coleta de Sangue Total, duas no processo de Processamento, e uma no processo do Laboratório de Compatibilidade. Os respectivos planos de monitoramento definidos incluíram ações de gerenciamento dos processos de trabalho, mudança de técnica e mudança de material. As principais barreiras identificadas estão relacionadas aos recursos econômicos, ao dimensionamento de recursos humanos, e ao planejamento de ações de captação de doadores e coleta de sangue total sem considerar a capacidade operacional da unidade de processamento. Na análise do lay out da área física e do fluxo de atividades da sala de coleta identificou-se pontos críticos que induzem ao erro e podem gerar o descarte. Conclui-se que a aplicação da Metodologia P+L possibilita a identificação das causas de descarte e das quantidades descartadas, as ações propostas podem promover a minimização da geração deste resíduo e no acompanhamento das ações propostas e dos resultados, definidos nos planos de monitoramento para cada oportunidade, cria-se um ciclo ininterrupto da aplicação contínua de uma estratégia preventiva de geração de resíduo, tal qual preconizada na definição de P+L feita pela UNIDO
Abstract: Blood components, packed red cells, platelet concentrates and plasma, are the products obtained from whole blood donated by blood donors. These are the main products of a transfusion service, and must have features that ensure the safety of transfusion therapy. In monitoring the chain of waste generated by the Blood Center of Campinas, the disposal of units of whole blood and blood components draws attention. The Methodology of Cleaner Production (CP) is an interesting tool for addressing the causes of these events, enabling the analysis of the causes of this waste generation, promoting the minimization of this waste and for seeking solutions that bring social, economic and environmental benefits. In this study the flow of plastic bags for blood donors was analyzed; from acquisition to completion of transfusion, using the P + L methodology as the reference to identify the causes of the disposal of units of whole blood and blood products and possibilities for minimizing waste discard in each process. Six opportunities of CP were identified, one in the process of Material Management, three in the process of Whole Blood Collection, two in the process of blood processing, and one in the Compatibility Laboratory process. Monitoring plans included management actions, defined work processes, technical changes and material changes. The main barriers identified were related to economic resources, design of human resources, donor recruitment planning and collection of whole blood without considering the operational capacity of the processing unit. During the analysis of the physical layout of the area and the flow of activities in the collection room, critical points inducing error and generating waste were identified. We concluded that the application of the CP methodology enabled the identification of the causes of waste and of the quantities discarded, moreover the actions proposed could promote minimization of waste generation and that the monitoring of proposed actions and outcomes, defined in the monitoring plans at every opportunity, created a continuous cycle of application of preventive strategies for waste generation, as recommended by UNIDO
Doutorado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Doutora em Engenharia Civil
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Pandey, August Kumar. "Identification and assessment of cleaner production technologies and appropriate technology management strategies and methods in the South African vehicle industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12202007-155142/.
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Simião, Juliana. "Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos industriais em uma empresa de usinagem sobre o enfoque da produção mais limpa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072011-100539/.
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As atividades industriais geram resíduos sólidos, de diferentes características e quantidades, que precisam ser gerenciados adequadamente para não causar poluição ambiental e danos à saúde do homem. A Lei n.o 12.305/2010, que institui a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos, estabelece a seguinte ordem de prioridade no gerenciamento dos resíduos: não geração, redução, reutilização, reciclagem, tratamento dos resíduos e disposição final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos. A adoção destas estratégias no gerenciamento dos resíduos industriais é um desafio tendo em vista que a maioria das empresas ainda está focada na abordagem convencional de fim-de-tubo. Especial atenção ainda deve ser dada as empresas de pequeno e médio porte que costumam apresentar maiores dificuldades para o desenvolvimento de práticas de gestão ambiental por disporem de recursos financeiros mais limitados que empresas maiores, além de normalmente contarem com uma falta de estrutura organizacional adequada. A produção mais limpa pode ser uma importante aliada no gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos, pois se trata da aplicação de uma estratégia técnica, econômica e ambiental integrada aos processos e produtos, com o objetivo de aumentar a eficiência no uso de matérias-primas, através da não geração, minimização ou reciclagem dos resíduos e emissões. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar, através de estudo de caso desenvolvido em uma empresa de pequeno porte do segmento de usinagem, as práticas de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos a partir da metodologia de produção mais limpa, com intuito de identificar oportunidades de otimização do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos na empresa avaliada. No diagnóstico constatou-se que são gerados sete diferentes tipos de resíduos. O cavaco é o resíduo gerado em maior quantidade na empresa, sendo que da totalidade de barras de aço que entram para a produção da peça, 62% são convertidos em cavaco. Durante a usinagem da peça o cavaco arrasta o fluído de corte, havendo uma perda em média de 257 L/ano, o que em termos financeiros representa R$ 10.000,00 por ano. A empresa vende o cavaco contaminado com o fluído de corte para sucateiros da região. Constatou-se que para otimizar o gerenciamento dos resíduos é necessário, primeiramente, elaborar o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos (PGRS), que deverá ser analisado e revisado periodicamente, de forma que a empresa sempre possa alcançar novos objetivos e metas para a melhoria contínua do processo. Além disso, propõem-se: a realização de treinamentos para os funcionários quanto ao manuseio dos resíduos e as boas práticas de fabricação, adequar o armazenamento dos resíduos oleosos, exigir dos fornecedores padronização na dimensão das barras de aço e realizar a separação do cavaco e fluído de corte.Industrial activities generate solid wastes of different characteristics and quantities, which must be managed properly to avoid causing environmental pollution and damage to human health. The Law 12.305/2010, National Solid Waste Policy, establishes the following order of priority in waste management: no generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, waste treatment and environmentally waste disposal. The adoption of these strategies in the management of industrial waste is a challenge considering that most companies still focussed on the conventional end-of-pipe. Special attention should be given to small and medium businesses that often have greater difficulties in the development of environmental management practices than larger companies. Other difficulties also are the limited financial resources and a lack of appropriated organizational structure. Cleaner production can be an important ally in the management of solid waste because it is the application of a technical, economic and environmental strategy integrated into processes and products. Its aim is to increase efficiency in the use of raw materials, as well the reduction and recycling of waste and emissions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the waste management practices of a small machining business. Was used the methodology of cleaner production aiming to identify opportunities to improve the waste management in the machining company. At diagnosis was found that are generated seven different types of waste. The chip is the waste produced in greater quantity in the company, 62% of steel bars are converted into chip. During the machining process is lost cutting fluid with the chip. The average lost is of 257 liters of cutting fluid for year. In financial terms it represents loss of R$ 10,000.00 per year. Nowadays the company sells the chip mixed with cutting fluid for scrap dealers in the region. To improve the management it was found that is first necessary to prepare the Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP). The SWMP should be reviewed periodically so the company can always reach new goals and targets for continuous improvement of its process. Furthermore, was propose: training for employees regarding the handling of waste and good manufacturing practices, adequate storage of oily waste, require the standardization of the size of the steel bars and make the separation of the chip and cutting fluid.
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Guardia, Mariana. "Proposta de integração de práticas da engenharia e gestão do ciclo de vida nas etapas da produção mais limpa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-18042016-083844/.
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As questões ambientais têm recebido crescente atenção, levando as práticas ambientais a evoluir desde soluções de \"fim-de-tubo\" até abordagens preventivas, como a Produção mais Limpa (P+L). Nos últimos anos, tem sido observada a adoção de uma postura holística e proativa chamada Visão de Ciclo de Vida (VCV), que é aplicada por meio de práticas da Engenharia e da Gestão do Ciclo de Vida (EGCV). Neste contexto, estratégias ambientais preventivas, como a P+L, devem passar a considerar os impactos ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida para os processos e produtos analisados e melhorias propostas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a inserção da Visão de Ciclo de Vida na P+L por meio da integração de práticas da EGCV às etapas e atividades da P+L. Para atingir este objetivo, dividiu-se o trabalho em três etapas. A primeira etapa, Estado da Arte, consistiu no estudo do estado da arte da Produção mais Limpa, da Engenharia e da Gestão do Ciclo de Vida e da integração entre estes dois temas. Na segunda etapa, Estudo de Caso, foi estudada a integração entre os dois temas na prática, por meio de um estudo de caso em uma empresa referência na adoção da Visão de Ciclo de Vida. A terceira etapa, Integração, consistiu na identificação de oportunidades de integração entre as práticas da EGCV e as etapas da P+L, com base na comparação dos dados e informações de entrada e saída das etapas da P+L e de práticas da EGCV selecionadas. Estas oportunidades são apresentadas na forma de um quadro. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a pertinência e atualidade da questão levantada. Embora diversos trabalhos tenham sido dedicados a esta questão nos últimos anos, ainda se fazem necessários estudos que contribuam de forma prática, fornecendo diretrizes e recomendações. Os resultados da proposta de integração indicam que a adoção das práticas da EGCV nas etapas da P+L pode suprir a lacuna identificada, inserindo da forma sistêmica a Visão de Ciclo de Vida na P+L. Diversas oportunidades de integração de práticas da EGCV ás etapas da P+L puderam ser identificadas, além disso, vinte e uma recomendações para a integração da Visão de Ciclo de Vida na Produção mais Limpa foram elaboradas com base nos resultados das revisões simples e sistemática, na análise dos casos de sucesso de P+L e no estudo de caso realizado.With the intensification of economic activities and resulting impacts, environmental issues are receiving growing attention and environmental practices are evolving from \"end-of-pipe\" solutions to more preventive approaches such as Cleaner Production (CP). More recently, a paradigm shift is taking place with the adoption of a more holistic and proactive approach towards environmental impacts, where all the impacts throughout the life cycle of products have to be considered resulting in the creation of the so called Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), which is put into practice though Life Cycle Engineering and Management (LCEM) practices. In this new context, environmental improvements in production process have to consider the life cycle impacts of the analyzed processes and proposed improvements. Even though Cleaner Production is often mentioned as a LCEM practice, LCT is not systematically integrated in CP implementation stages. Therefore, the goal of this research is to contribute to the integration of LCT in the CP framework through the integration of LCEM practices in the stages and activities of CP. The first step was to perform an analysis of the CP implementation guides and the selection of a \"model guide\" to be used. Subsequently, compatible LCEM practices were selected though a literature review and selection criteria. A comparison of the inputs and outputs of both the stages of CP and the selected LCEM practices was performed for the identification of compatibilities and integration opportunities. Based on a systematic review of the literature between the two subjects, a CP success stories analysis and a case study in a company which is benchmark in LCT, recommendations for the integration of LCT in CP were derived. The simple and systematic review of the literature reinforced the pertinence and relevance of the research\'s question. The results show that the lack of a life cycle perspective in CP is a significant gap both in theory (in the CP implementation guides) and in practice (in the CP success stories) and that, despite the fact that many authors have dedicated to the subject, as shown in the systematic review of the literature, further research is still necessary to help fill this gap. The results of the proposed integration show that the application of LCEM practices in the stages of CP is an efficient way to help fill this gap, systematically integrating LCT in the CP framework. Many opportunities for the integration were identified and twentyone recommendations were derived from the results.
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Santos, Marise Keller dos. "Eco-eficiência e avaliação de sistemas integrados de gestão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10985.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal a avaliação do desempenho dos sistemas de gestão de qualidade, saúde ocupacional, segurança e meio ambiente de uma empresa. Utiliza-se, para tal fim, o método de estudo de caso, levando em consideração a aplicação do conceito de eco-eficiência e seus benefícios econômicos e ambientais pelos sistemas de gestão da qualidade e meio ambiente da empresa, e tendo como base o conceito de produção mais limpa. Como objetivo secundário está à análise da coerência e a da eficiência dos indicadores empregados, seu inter-relacionamento e sua complementaridade. Entre os principais resultados obtidos, destaca-se a identificação das vantagens na aplicação de indicadores operacionais com uma abordagem individualizada de entradas e saídas nas operações que compõem o processo de uma empresa. O emprego desses indicadores, aliado à identificação de indicadores de custos de resíduos, pode facilitar a definição de objetivos e metas para a não geração e minimização de resíduos baseados em critérios econômicos, técnicos e de impactos ambientais. Como resultado global da avaliação pode-se comentar que o programa de gestão da qualidade implantado na empresa atende aos princípios da serie de normas da qualidade NBR ISO 9000:2000, ainda que entendamos que outras medidas são necessárias para a manutenção integral do meio ambiente.This thesis aims to evaluate quality, occupational health, safety and environment systems of a company. In order to do so, it employs the study case method, taking into consideration the application of the concept of eco-efficiency, its economical and environmental benefits by the company’s environment management systems. This work is based on the concept of cleaner production for the identification of the relationship between some quality indicators and the environment management systems as a secondary aim. Among the main results obtained, is the identification of the advantages in the application of operational indicators with an individual approach of inputs and outputs in the operations that composes the process according to what establishes the NBR ISO 14031:2004. The application of these indicators allied to the identification of waste cost indicators can facilitate the definition of objectives and targets for a non-generation and minimization of waste based on economic, technical and environmental impact criteria. As a global result of the evaluation, we observed that the quality management program implanted in the company, which served as object of study, complies with the principles of the quality Norm NBR ISO 9000:2000, but some improvements are still needed for the full maintenance of environment.
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Cobra, Raphael Laraia Rocha de Barros. "Proposta de diretrizes para integração entre a Produção Enxuta e Produção mais Limpa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-17112015-100749/.
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As operações industriais são objeto de muitas estratégias de gestão que visam melhorar o desempenho da empresa. Dentre estas estratégias podem ser encontradas a Produção Enxuta (Lean) e a Produção mais Limpa (P+L), implementadas de forma independente segundo objetivos distintos. Contudo, na prática, é frequente observar que as estratégias interagem dentro do contexto das indústrias, potencializando o ganho de desempenho operacional/ambiental ou prejudicando uma a outra quanto a seus objetivos. A academia vem recentemente evidenciando o possível relacionamento entre Lean e P+L dando principal atenção às interações positivas entre as estratégias, havendo poucos trabalhos que observam as interações negativas ou estudam os mecanismos pelos quais é possível descrever seu relacionamento. Como resposta a esta lacuna, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo principal propor diretrizes para a integração entre o Lean e P+L nas empresas. Esta proposta de diretrizes se baseia no levantamento do estado da arte da integração entre as estratégias, que fornece as informações sobre o seu relacionamento, que são, por sua vez, verificadas empiricamente. Para executar essa estratégia de pesquisa foi feita a aplicação de dois métodos científicos: a Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática (RBS) e o estudo de caso. A RBS, desenvolvida para analisar o conhecimento disponível sobre a integração entre Lean e P+L, investigou 5 bases de dados científicas através das quais foram avaliados 380 estudos, que após a aplicação de filtros e adição de estudos citados por estudos selecionados foi possível chegar a 38 relevantes para a avaliação da integração entre Lean e P+L. A partir desses estudos, que reúnem desde artigos em periódicos e conferências até relatórios de agências governamentais, foi possível obter informações iniciais sobre o relacionamento entre o Lean e P+L, por exemplo os principais temas de convergência e divergência e o fenômeno compartilhado entre as teorias, definidos segundo a literatura. Para verificação empírica dessas informações, foram feitos estudos de caso em duas empresas brasileiras e duas empresas inglesas para observar a integração em contextos diferentes e setores diferentes. Os estudos mostraram que, de maneira geral, os departamentos ambientais, onde a P+L é praticada, e de Lean se encontram distantes. Dessa forma, nos casos não havia iniciativa de integração entre o Lean e a P+L, mas sim interações espontâneas que levavam a benefícios os prejuízos de uma ou outra estratégia. O conhecimento, primeiramente obtido na literatura e depois submetido a uma avaliação empírica, foi reunido em diretrizes de integração dentro dos temas de integração entre o Lean e a P+L: Objetivos, Custos, Desperdícios, Ciclo de Vida, Risco Ambiental, Impactos Ambientais, Práticas, Consumidor e Sociedade, Cultura, Recursos Humanos, Requisitos Legais e Cadeia de suprimentos. Estes resultados contribuem para que, ao invés de uma abordagem segregada entre as estratégias, a sustentabilidade possa ser inserida diretamente dentro dos sistemas produtivos. Desta forma, a integração entre o Lean e a P+L passa a ser tanto uma resposta à demanda do consumidor por melhor desempenho ambiental quanto uma alternativa para que as empresas aumentem a eficiência de seus processos.Industrial operations are the subject of many management strategies aimed at improving the company\'s performance. Among these strategies are Lean Manufacturing (Lean) and Cleaner Production (CP), implemented independently according to different goals. However, in practice, it is often observed that the strategies interact within the industries´ context, increasing the operational/environmental performance improvements or harming each others´ goals. The academy has recently started emphasizing the possible relationship between Lean and CP giving primary attention to the positive interactions between strategies, having few studies observed negative interactions or studied the mechanisms through which it is possible to describe their relationship. In response to this gap this research´s main objective is to propose guidelines for the integration between Lean and CP in companies. This guidelines proposition is based on a study of the state of the art of the integration between the two strategies which provided information about their relationship, that was in turn verified empirically. To run this search strategy two scientific methods were applied, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and the case study. The RBS was performed to analyze the available knowledge about the integration between Lean and CP investigated 5 scientific databases in which 380 studies were evaluated. After applying filters and adding studies cited by the selected studies, 38 studies were reached, which were the most relevant to the evaluation of the integration between Lean and CP. These studies ranged from journal and conference articles to government agencies reports, and from them it was possible to obtain the initial information about the relationship between strategies such as their main themes and the shared phenomenon defined according to the literature. For empirical verification of this information, case studies were performed in two Brazilian companies and two English companies to observe the integration in different contexts and different sectors. The studies have shown that in general the environmental departments, where CP is practiced, and Lean are distant. Thus no integration initiative between Lean and CP was observed, but spontaneous interactions that led to randomly to convergences and divergences. The knowledge obtained first literature and then subjected to an empirical evaluation was gathered in integration guidelines displayed according to the integration themes between Lean and CP: Objectives, Cost, Waste, Life Cycle, Environmental Risk, Environmental Impacts, Practices, Consumer and Society, Culture, Human Resources, Legal Requirements and Supply Chain. These results contribute to, rather than maintaining a segregated approach between strategies, inserting sustainability directly into the production systems. Consequently, the integration between Lean and CP becomes both a response to consumer demand for a better environmental performance and an alternative for companies that want increase processes efficiency.
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Van, Beers Dick. "Application of the cleaner production framework to the development of regional synergies in heavy industrial areas: a case study of Kwinana (Western Australia)." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/222.
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The aim of the PhD research is to examine the effectiveness of drawing common elements of regional synergy development into an overall framework, generally used for the implementation of cleaner production, to assist industries in heavy industrial areas with the further development of regional synergy opportunities. The literature review revealed an absence of practical methodologies to support industry with the development of promising synergy opportunities. An assessment of existing synergies in the case-study region (the Kwinana Industrial Area) has confirmed the close collaboration and integration which already exists in the region. These existing synergies provide a range of sustainability benefits. The research resulted in customised methodologies to assist in the advancement of regional synergies, focussed on the priority themes of: inorganic by-products, water, and energy. The trial application of the methodologies demonstrated their effectiveness in delivering valuable outcomes for the stakeholders involved (e.g. feasible synergy opportunities for industry uptake).Overall, the cleaner production framework is not a driver for synergy development perse, but rather should be regarded as a flexible framework to advance synergy development – targeted towards specific local research needs. Strengths of the novel methodologies include added-value to stakeholders, stakeholder participation, transparency and flexibility. The principal weakness concerned the time investment to apply the methodologies. However, it is anticipated that the trialled methodologies could be performed in other regions in a significantly shorter time period (by learning from the experiences here). A set of parameters must be understood before applying the customised methodologies in industrial regions elsewhere in the world. These include: distances between industries, number and diversity of industries, industry interest, industry champions, presence and functioning of an industry organisation, relevant regulations, community support, availability of know-how and expertise, funding, and corporate culture.
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Hernandez, Enriquez Aurora. "Simulation-based process design and integration for retrofit." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/simulationbased-process-design-and-integration-for-retrofit(90c6bcf4-6421-4731-8f82-1e839478daab).html.
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This research proposes a novel Retrofit Design Approach based on process simulation and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).Retrofit Design Approach comprises: 1) a diagnosis stage in which the variables are screened and promising variables to improve system performance are identified through a sensitivity analysis, 2) an evaluation stage in which RSM is applied to assess the impact of those promising variables and the most important factors are determined by building a reduced model from the process response behaviour, and 3) an optimisation stage to identify optimal conditions and performance of the system, subject to objective function and model constraints. All these stages are simulation-supported. The main advantages of the proposed Retrofit Design Approach using RSM are that the design method is able to handle a large industrial-scale design problem within a reasonable computational effort, to obtain valuable conceptual insights of design interactions and economic trade-off existed in the system, as well as to systematically identify cost-effective solutions by optimizing the reduced model based on the most important factors. This simplifies the pathway to achieve pseudo-optimal solutions, and simultaneously to understand techno-economic and system-wide impacts of key design variables and parameters. In order to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the proposed design method, the proposed Retrofit Design Approach has been applied to two case studies which are based on existing gas processing processes. Steady-state process simulation using Aspen Plus TM® has been carried out and the simulation results agree well with the plant data. Reduced models for both cases studies have been obtained to represent the techno-economic behaviour of plants. Both the continuous and discrete design options are considered in the retrofitting of the plant, and the results showed that the Retrofit Design Approach is effective to provide reliable, cost-effective retrofit solutions which yield to improvements in the studied processes, not only economically (i.e. cost and product recovery), but also environmentally linked (i.e. CO₂ emissions and energy efficiency). The main retrofitting solutions identified are, for the first case, column pressure change, pump-around arrangement and additional turbo-expansion capacity, while for the second case, columns pressure change, trays efficiency, HEN retrofit arrangements (re-piping) and onsite utility generation schemes are considered. These promising sets of retrofit design options were further investigated to reflect implications of capital investment for the retrofit scenarios, and this portfolio of opportunities can be very useful for supporting decision-making procedure in practice. It is important to note that in some cases a cost-effective retrofit does not always require structural modifications. In conclusion, the proposed Retrofit Design Approach has been found to be a reliable approach to address the retrofit problem in the context of industrial applications.
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Kunkel, Neidi. "RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL ALIADOS À P+L." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7728.
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This work discourses about the construction residues and demolition generated by the building site section. The work of the emphasis in the importance of the reaproveitament of the same, because the accumulation of these materials besides causing environmental problems represents an increment in the cost of the work. Presents the weak points of the process and opportunities of improvements, as well as search to give some back-up with relationship to the normative and economical aspects related to the waste. Finally, suggests roads they be her followed for the companies of the section, seeking the improvement of your process and ecological maturity. The objective of this work is to show the variables that are
related to the residues, presenting the problems and showing some solutions to avoid the generation of residues in the building site, through a program of Cleaner Production. The adopted methodology was the collection of information and the theoretical and practical knowledge related to the subject.Este trabalho discorre sobre os resíduos de construção e demolição gerados pelo setor de construção civil. Dando ênfase a importância do reaproveitamento do mesmo, pois o acúmulo destes materiais além de causar problemas ambientais representa um acréscimo no custo da obra. Apresenta os pontos fracos do processo e oportunidades de melhorias, assim como busca dar algum respaldo quanto aos aspectos normativos e econômicos relacionados ao desperdício. Finalmente, sugere caminhos a serem seguidos pelas empresas do setor, visando a melhoria de seu processo e maturidade ecológica. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar as variáveis que estão relacionadas aos resíduos, apresentando os problemas e mostrando algumas soluções para evitar a geração de resíduos na construção civil, através de um programa de Produção Mais Limpa. A metodologia adotada foi a coleta de informações e o conhecimento teórico e prático relacionado ao assunto.
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Tarrento, Gilson Eduardo [UNESP]. "Processo de produção de composto orgânico derivado de resíduos industriais com aplicação no cultivo de alface." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136665.
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Em todo processo, é presumível a condição da geração de resíduos, sendo cada vez mais premente a busca de alternativas para destinação correta destes resíduos. Neste sentido, foi realizado um experimento com a compostagem de diferentes resíduos sólidos industriais provenientes do processo de extração do princípio ativo de plantas medicinais. O experimento constitui-se na mistura, em proporções diferentes dos resíduos: a) Resíduo orgânico - gerado a partir do esmagamento da planta de jambú (Spilanthes oleracea), após a extração do princípio ativo, b) lodo físico-químico, gerado a partir do processo de tratamento de água e c) lodo biológico, oriundo do esgoto da empresa. Este trabalho teve como objetivos gerar uma alternativa, ambientalmente correta, para o reaproveitamento do lodo físico-químico e verificar o efeito agronômico dos compostos resultantes na produção da alface. O processo de compostagem deu-se no período de 120 dias. A temperatura das pilhas foi medida diariamente, em três diferentes profundidades. Ao final, o composto foi pesado e avaliou-se, em média, o rendimento. Na segunda fase do experimento, buscando avaliar o efeito agrônomico dos compostos sobre a produção da alface (Lactuca sativa L.), os materiais compostos foram dispostos em vasos, em casa de vegetação, formando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com fatorial 4 x 4, sendo o fator 1 formado por 4 tratamentos: composto 1 (C1 - 0% lodo - 100% jambú), composto 2 (C2 - 7% lodo - 93% jambú), composto 3 (C3 - 13% lodo - 87% jambú), composto 4 (C4 - 26% lodo - 74% jambú) e o fator 2 formado por 4 diferentes doses de compostos: (0, 45, 90 e 135 t ha-¹ ) e quatro repetições, totalizando 64 unidades experimentais. Nas avaliações realizadas após 45 dias do transplantio da alface, o tratamento C1 dose três (90 t ha-¹) apresentou os melhores resultados de rendimentos. Nos demais tratamentos, ocorreram um decréscimo...
It is assumed that there is generation condition in every production process. Alternative ways for the correct destination of the residues has become essential. Therefore, an experiment on different industrial solid residues compound from medicinal plants active principle extration has been performed. The experiment was based on the mixture of the residues in different proportions: a) organic residue generated from jambu (Spilanthes oleracea) smashing after active principle extraction, b) physiochemic mud generated from water treatment process and c) biologic mud originated from the company sewage. This work aimed at generating an environmentally correct alternative for phisiochemic mud reutilization and verify the agronomic effects of the resulting compounds in lettuce production. The compounding process lasted 120 days. Piles temperature was measured in three different depths. At the end, the compound was weighed and the average yield was evaluated. In the second phase of the experiment we aimed at evaluating the compound agronomic effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production. The compounded materials were placed ins vases in greenhouses in an entirely randomized order, with factorial 4 x 4. Factor 1 was formed by 4 treatments: compound 1 (C1 - 0% mud - 100% jambu), compound 2 (C2 - 7% mud - 93% jambu), compound 3 (C3 - 13% mud - 87% jambu), compound 4 (C4 - 26% mud - 74% jambu). Factor 2 was formed by 4 differente compound dosages: (0,45, 90 e 135 t ha-¹) and hour repetitions, totaling 64 experomental unities. Treatment C1, dosage 3 (90 t ha-¹) presented the best results in the evaluation 45 days after lettuce transplantation. In the remaining treatments there was alinear decrease in lettuce production. However, C4 that 26% mud in its composition was superior than those with 0 dosage of organic matter. Compound can be considered an environmentally correct alternative for these residues with the possibility of agronomic utilization.
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Tarrento, Gilson Eduardo. "Processo de produção de composto orgânico derivado de resíduos industriais com aplicação no cultivo de alface /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136665.
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Orientador: José Carlos MartinezBanca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Adílson Renófio
Resumo: Em todo processo, é presumível a condição da geração de resíduos, sendo cada vez mais premente a busca de alternativas para destinação correta destes resíduos. Neste sentido, foi realizado um experimento com a compostagem de diferentes resíduos sólidos industriais provenientes do processo de extração do princípio ativo de plantas medicinais. O experimento constitui-se na mistura, em proporções diferentes dos resíduos: a) Resíduo orgânico - gerado a partir do esmagamento da planta de jambú (Spilanthes oleracea), após a extração do princípio ativo, b) lodo físico-químico, gerado a partir do processo de tratamento de água e c) lodo biológico, oriundo do esgoto da empresa. Este trabalho teve como objetivos gerar uma alternativa, ambientalmente correta, para o reaproveitamento do lodo físico-químico e verificar o efeito agronômico dos compostos resultantes na produção da alface. O processo de compostagem deu-se no período de 120 dias. A temperatura das pilhas foi medida diariamente, em três diferentes profundidades. Ao final, o composto foi pesado e avaliou-se, em média, o rendimento. Na segunda fase do experimento, buscando avaliar o efeito agrônomico dos compostos sobre a produção da alface (Lactuca sativa L.), os materiais compostos foram dispostos em vasos, em casa de vegetação, formando um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com fatorial 4 x 4, sendo o fator 1 formado por 4 tratamentos: composto 1 (C1 - 0% lodo - 100% jambú), composto 2 (C2 - 7% lodo - 93% jambú), composto 3 (C3 - 13% lodo - 87% jambú), composto 4 (C4 - 26% lodo - 74% jambú) e o fator 2 formado por 4 diferentes doses de compostos: (0, 45, 90 e 135 t ha-¹ ) e quatro repetições, totalizando 64 unidades experimentais. Nas avaliações realizadas após 45 dias do transplantio da alface, o tratamento C1 dose três (90 t ha-¹) apresentou os melhores resultados de rendimentos. Nos demais tratamentos, ocorreram um decréscimo...
Abstract: It is assumed that there is generation condition in every production process. Alternative ways for the correct destination of the residues has become essential. Therefore, an experiment on different industrial solid residues compound from medicinal plants active principle extration has been performed. The experiment was based on the mixture of the residues in different proportions: a) organic residue generated from jambu (Spilanthes oleracea) smashing after active principle extraction, b) physiochemic mud generated from water treatment process and c) biologic mud originated from the company sewage. This work aimed at generating an environmentally correct alternative for phisiochemic mud reutilization and verify the agronomic effects of the resulting compounds in lettuce production. The compounding process lasted 120 days. Piles temperature was measured in three different depths. At the end, the compound was weighed and the average yield was evaluated. In the second phase of the experiment we aimed at evaluating the compound agronomic effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production. The compounded materials were placed ins vases in greenhouses in an entirely randomized order, with factorial 4 x 4. Factor 1 was formed by 4 treatments: compound 1 (C1 - 0% mud - 100% jambu), compound 2 (C2 - 7% mud - 93% jambu), compound 3 (C3 - 13% mud - 87% jambu), compound 4 (C4 - 26% mud - 74% jambu). Factor 2 was formed by 4 differente compound dosages: (0,45, 90 e 135 t ha-¹) and hour repetitions, totaling 64 experomental unities. Treatment C1, dosage 3 (90 t ha-¹) presented the best results in the evaluation 45 days after lettuce transplantation. In the remaining treatments there was alinear decrease in lettuce production. However, C4 that 26% mud in its composition was superior than those with 0 dosage of organic matter. Compound can be considered an environmentally correct alternative for these residues with the possibility of agronomic utilization.
Mestre
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Peltier, Nicholas-Pierre. "National environmental funds and externally-supported revolving funds : financing schemes for cleaner production in developing countries--experience from various economies and recommendations for future application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43579.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 259-272).
by Nicholas-Pierre Peltier.
M.S.
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Oliveira, José Augusto de. "Relação entre as práticas de Produção mais Limpa e as de Produção Enxuta: estudos de casos múltiplos e survey sobre os impactos no desempenho ambiental, econômico e operacional da empresa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-12012017-084020/.
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Os princípios e as práticas de Produção Enxuta e de Produção mais Limpa contribuem para a geração de valores com perspectivas diferentes. São valores focados respectivamente em sustentabilidade econômica e em sustentabilidade ambiental que, alcançados complementarmente podem contribuir para a satisfação dos stakeholders de forma mais sustentável. Estudos apresentam compatibilidades entre a Produção Enxuta e as diferentes abordagens de Sustentabilidade Ambiental, contudo, poucas pesquisas exploram empiricamente as relações entre estes constructos, mostrando uma lacuna a ser preenchida no meio acadêmico e empresarial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar as relações entre as práticas de Produção mais Limpa e as práticas de Produção Enxuta e seus impactos no desempenho da empresa. Para este objetivo foi proposto a realização de uma pesquisa empírica baseada na triangulação entre dois métodos: estudos de caso múltiplos, contando com 6 (seis) estudos de casos; e uma pesquisa do tipo survey, realizada com 208 (duzentos e oito) indústrias de manufatura brasileiras. Observou-se que há sinergia e complementaridade entre as práticas de Produção mais Limpa e de Produção Enxuta e que estas, empregadas de forma combinada, maximizam o desempenho ambiental, operacional e econômico da empresa. Contudo, observou-se que o desempenho ambiental fomentado pelas práticas de Produção Enxuta é limitado aos aspectos ambientais de consumo de recursos e de geração de resíduos.The Lean Production and Cleaner Production principles and practices contribute to the values generation with different perspectives. Values are focused respectively on economic sustainability and environmental sustainability, achieved complementarily can contribute to the satisfaction of the stakeholders in a more sustainable way. Studies presents compatibilities between Lean Production and the different Environmental Sustainability approaches, however, few researches have explore empirically the relationship between these constructs, showing a gap to be filled in academia and industry. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the relationships between Cleaner Production and Lean Production practices and their impact on company performance. For this purpose, it was proposed the accomplishment of an empirical research based on triangulation between two methods: multiple cases studies, with six (6) case studies; and a survey research carried on 208 (two hundred and eight) of Brazilian manufacturing industries. It was noted that there is synergy and complementarity between production practices Cleaner and Lean Production and these, used in combination maximize environmental performance, operational and economic enterprise. However, it was observed that the environmental performance promoted by Lean Production practices is limited to environmental aspects of resource consumption and waste generation.
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Uecker, Adriane Diemer. "PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA EM UM FRIGORÍFICO DE AVES: APLICAÇÃO DA FERRAMENTA SWOT." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8269.
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The constant search for improving the quality of life has gained importance worldwide. In this point of view, much emphasis is given to the production of healthier foods, in which chicken comes up as the most important animal protein in several countries. Regarding cleaner production, authors claim that it is an important tool for sustainable development, enabling savings in business and acting in accordance with environmental regulations. Based on this, this dissertation aimed to apply the SWOT analysis and the prioritization matrix for cleaner production practices in the production process of a poultry processing plant. In order to do this, we described the production process of the company, using the SWOT analysis and the prioritization matrix to diagnose strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, in relation to cleaner production practices, and defining the correlation between internal and external factors, as well as motricity (influence) and impact. As the methodology, we used the exploratory research developed in a case study, having as the case unit a poultry processing plant in western Parana. As the result of this study, it was observed a situation of near neutrality in the development of cleaner production in the company, where the negative points are almost as many as the positive ones. It was concluded that the SWOT analysis and prioritization matrix are important tools for planning cleaner production, an essential stage for the development of business projects.A busca constante pela melhoria da qualidade de vida ganha destaque em todo mundo. Neste ponto de vista se dá muita ênfase também para a produção de alimentos mais saudáveis em que a carne de frango aparece como proteína animal fundamental na alimentação humana em diversos países. Com relação à produção mais limpa, autores afirmam ser uma importante ferramenta em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, possibilitando economia nos negócios e atuar de acordo com a legislação ambiental vigente. Baseado nisso, essa dissertação teve como objetivo aplicar a ferramenta SWOT e a matriz de priorização para as práticas de produção mais limpa (P+L) no processo de produção de um frigorífico de aves. Para tanto, buscou-se descrever o processo de produção da empresa; utilizar a ferramenta SWOT junto com a matriz de priorização para diagnóstico dos pontos fortes e fracos, oportunidades e ameaças, quanto à prática de P+L, definir a correlação entre os fatores internos e externos, assim como a motricidade (influência) e o impacto. Na metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa exploratória desenvolvida num estudo de caso, tendo como unidade caso um frigorífico de frangos do oeste do Paraná. Verificou-se como resultado do estudo uma situação praticamente neutra para o desenvolvimento da P+L na empresa, onde os pontos negativos quase se equivalem com os positivos. Concluiu-se que as matrizes SWOT e priorização são ferramentas importantes para o planejamento de P+L, fase fundamental para o desenvolvimento de projetos empresariais.
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Souza, Éllen Fernanda Gomes de. "Produção mais limpa: estudo de casos múltiplos em padarias de Recife." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1488.
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The Cleaner Production is an environmental tool, that, when deployed, results in many benefits. This tool is aligned to the dynamic balance of sustainable development, they are: environmental, economic and social. The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of the Cleaner Production developed by bakeries in Recife suggested by Ecopão project. This project was developed by Sebrae-PE to align sustainability at the bakeries of Recife, through the tool of the Cleaner Production. The literature review was based on key search terms, such as sustainable development, Cleaner Production and family businesses. The methodology of this study is qualitative in nature. The bakery sector is between the six major industries of the country. In 2014 the sector generated a turnover of R$ 8.5 billion. Six bakeries in Recife, that implemented the project, were studyed. It developed a multiple case study with the documentary analysis of Ecopão project reports, direct observation, interviews with responsible for the creation of the project and with the owners of the six surveyed bakeries. The interviews followed a semi-structured script and were recorded and transcribed for analysis of results. The analysis was based on the method of triangulation and synthesis of crossed cases. According to the actions suggested by Ecopão project bakery 2 was the one that held the shares. Since it implemented a new power plant and the actions have been implemented with the help of a consultant. The bakery 4 was the least accomplished actions. Due to problems with its facilities and staff. By the results of the bakeries studied the implementation of Ecopão project actions related to Cleaner Production is an excellent contribution tool for better sustainable development in this sector.
A Produção Mais Limpa é uma ferramenta ambiental que está alinhada ao equilíbrio dinâmico do desenvolvimento sustentável, são eles: ambientais, econômicos e sociais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a implantação das ações de Produção Mais Limpa desenvolvidas pelas padarias de Recife sugeridas pelo projeto Ecopão. Este projeto de natureza qualitativa foi desenvolvido pelo SEBRAE-PE para alinhar sustentabilidade às padarias de Recife, por meio da ferramenta de Produção Mais Limpa. A revisão bibliográfica foi baseada nos termos principais da pesquisa, como: desenvolvimento sustentável, Produção Mais Limpa e negócios familiares. O setor de panificação se insere entre os seis maiores setores industriais do país, em 2014 gerou um faturamento de R$ 8,5 bilhões. Ao total, foram estudadas seis padarias da cidade de Recife nas quais desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de casos múltiplos com a análise documental dos relatórios do projeto Ecopão, por meio de observação direta e entrevistas com o responsável pela criação do projeto e com os proprietários das padarias pesquisadas. As entrevistas de natureza semiestruturada, foram gravadas e transcritas para posterior a análise. Está baseada no método de triangulação e síntese de casos cruzados. De acordo com as ações sugeridas pelo projeto Ecopão, apenas uma padaria de número 2 foi a que mais realizou as tais ações, uma vez que implantou uma nova central de produção e obteve a ajuda de um consultor. Já a padaria de número 4 foi a que menos aplicou as ações, visto que apresentava problemas nas suas instalações e com a equipe de funcionários. A partir dos resultados das padarias investigadas se observou que as ações do projeto Ecopão relacionadas à Produção Mais Limpa são uma ferramenta de contribuição para um melhor desenvolvimento sustentável nesse setor.
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Harada, Franco Hamilton. "Uso da técnica produção mais limpa em estação de tratamento de efluentes industriais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-08122006-162955/.
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Inserção da metodologia de Produção Mais Limpa em Estações de Tratamento de Efluentes (ETE) de indústrias no geral. O conceito fornecido pela Produção Mais Limpa permite sua aplicação aos tratamentos de fim de tubo, não se restringindo somente ao processo produtivo. A aplicação desta ferramenta visa um incremento e a melhoria contínua do sistema de gestão ambiental englobando o tratamento de todo o tipo de poluição gerada, especificamente neste trabalho, os efluentes industriais. As ETE, com um gerenciamento e operação adequados, além de minimizarem os efeitos poluidores dos efluentes gerados nas indústrias a níveis exigidos pela legislação aplicável ou a padrões de qualidade requeridos internamente em seu processo, podem controlar todo o processo produtivo interno a fábrica. Há a possibilidade de através dos diversos parâmetros processuais de controle detectar grande parte dos desvios produtivos ocorridos no interior da fábrica. Com a aplicação da ferramenta de Produção Mais Limpa em Estações de Tratamento de Efluentes Industriais, demonstra-se através de suas diversas metodologias: - A melhoria contínua em todos os processos produtivos e de tratamento de efluentes envolvidos na indústria; - O aumento progressivo das eficiências processuais; - Que investimentos e meio ambiente estão fortemente atrelados para o desenvolvimento da indústria e seu fortalecimento tanto a nível comercial quanto na sociedade. Portanto, a abordagem dada para a Produção Mais Limpa neste trabalho é mais abrangente - enfocando os tratamentos fim de tubo - as Estações de Tratamento de Efluentes Industriais.The insertion in industries of Cleaner Production Methodology in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP). The concept given from the Cleaner Production allows its application to the end of pipe treatment, not restraining it to the productive process. The application of that tool aims the development and the continuous improvement of the environmental management system gathering the treatment of any type of generated pollution, specifically in this dissertation, the industrial wastewater. The WTP, with a suitable supervision and operation, not only minimizes the polluting effects of the effluents generated by the industries to levels demanded by the applicable legislation or to patterns of quality required internally in its process, but also can control the whole factory intern productive process. There is the possibility of detecting great part of the productive deviation that occurred in the interior of the factory through many controlling processual parameters. With the application of the tool of Cleaner Production in the Treatment Stations of Industrial Effluents, it demonstrates through many of its methodologies: - The continuous improvement in all of the productive and treatment processes of effluents involved in the industry; - The progressive enlargement of the processual efficiency; - Which investments and environment are strongly related to the development of the industry and its strengthening both on commercial and social levels. Therefore, the approach given to the Cleaner Production in this dissertation is wider - focusing the end of pipe treatment - the Treatment Stations of Industrial Effluents.
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Queiroz, Geandra Alves. "Recomendações para a implantação da Manufatura Enxuta considerando os propósitos da Produção mais Limpa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-02072015-142549/.
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As empresas operam em um ambiente cada vez mais dinâmico e competitivo, tornando imprescindível atender adequadamente às necessidades dos consumidores. Na atualidade, estas demandas foram ampliadas e, além de custo, qualidade, velocidade de entrega e flexibilidade, identifica-se um mercado que passa a cobrar pela redução dos impactos ambientais gerados pelos produtos e processos. Deste modo, esta pesquisa defende a proposição de que a Manufatura Enxuta, uma filosofia de gestão da produção, somada aos propósitos da Produção mais Limpa (PmaisL), uma estratégia de gestão ambiental para sistemas produtivos, pode ser uma solução para o alinhamento de seus objetivos, visto que ambas buscam o aumento de produtividade e a eliminação dos desperdícios. Para a implantação da Manufatura Enxuta não foi determinado um método que oriente como realizar este processo e quais são as práticas essenciais, além de ter poucas pesquisas que buscam compreender os fatores disto. Do mesmo modo, pesquisas que abordem a Manufatura Enxuta e a PmaisL ainda são preliminares. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor recomendações para a implantação da Manufatura Enxuta considerando os propósitos da PmaisL, estruturadas no ciclo de melhoria contínua do método DMAIC. O método de pesquisa utilizado para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi o estudo de caso único em uma empresa de referência e o embasamento teórico foi pautado em uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática (RBS). Os resultados gerados com o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa permitiram observar que não existe um método padrão para a implantação e que a literatura, de modo geral, aborda a implantação da Manufatura Enxuta como um processo de ciclos de melhoria continua envolvendo as atividades definir, medir, analisar, melhorar e controlar e também aborda o processo de implantação a ordem que as ferramentas e práticas devem ser implantadas. No que tange a RBS sobre PmaisL e manufatura enxuta foi possível extrair da literatura as compatibilidades e divergências entre as abordagens, recomendações para melhorar o desempenho ambiental dos sistemas enxutos, como os recursos humanos interferem na integração destas áreas e, além disso, como as práticas enxutas podem ser utilizadas para atingir os objetivos da PmaisL. Além disso, o estudo de caso permitiu observar empiricamente como o meio ambiente pode ser ponderado em um sistema de Manufatura Enxuta. Assim, com base nas evidências teóricas e práticas, gerou-se as recomendações, as quais poderão orientar as empresas de manufatura que desejam implantar as abordagens da Manufatura Enxuta e da PmaisL de maneira conjunta e obterem, simultaneamente, desempenho ambiental e econômico em suas melhorias. Ainda, foi possível concluir que apesar de existirem alguns trade-offs, estas abordagens são em grande parte convergentes.Companies are operating in an ever more competitive and dynamic environment, making it essential to fulfil the consumers needs. Currently, these demands have expanded, and in addition to cost, quality, delivery speed and flexibility, it is possible to identify a market that requires reduction in the environmental impact of their products as well as procedures. Thus, this research supports the proposition that Lean Manufacturing, a production management philosophy, combined with Cleaner Production, the environmental management strategy for industrial systems, can be a solution for aligning goals, as both seek increased productivity and the elimination of wastage. In the implementation of Lean Manufacturing, there is as yet no method for guiding one to carry out this procedure, and to know what the essential operations are, as well as only having a few studies aimed to understand the factors involved. Similarly, the research addressing Lean Manufacturing and Cleaner Production remains at its initial stages. Thus, the objective of this research was to provide recommendations for the implementation of Lean Manufacturing considering Cleaner Production proposals, using the continuous improvement cycle structure from the DMAIC method. The research method used to achieve the proposed objective was a single case study in a notable company, and the theoretical framework was developed through a systematic literature review. The results, obtained through the development of this research, allowed us to observe that there was no standard method for deployment, and that the literature, in general, addressed the implementation of Lean Manufacturing as a process of cycles of continuous improvement, involving the defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling activities; and also addressed within the implementation process the order in which the tools and operations should be implemented. With respect to RBS on Cleaner Production and Lean Manufacturing, it was possible to extract, from the literature, compatibilities and differences between the approaches; recommendations to improve the environmental performance of Lean systems, and how human resources interfered with the integration of these areas and, moreover, how the Lean operations could be used to achieve the objectives of Cleaner Production. In addition, the case study allowed the empirical observation of how the environment could be balanced in a Lean Manufacturing system. Thus, based on theoretical and practical evidence, the results generated recommendations, which could guide manufacturing companies that wanted to deploy in conjunction the approaches of Lean Manufacturing and Cleaner Production, and achieve both environmental and economical performances in their improvements. Furthermore, it was concluded that, although there are some trade-offs, these approaches are largely convergent.
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Latunij, Ferdinand. "A Study of Cleaner Production and Eco-Efficiency Uptake within Western Australian Small Medium-Sized Enterprises, with a Specific Focus on Air Emissions and Related Air Quality." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89032.
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This thesis examined the uptake of Cleaner Production and Eco-Efficiency within Western Australian Small-Medium Industries, with a specific focus on Air Emissions. It was found that, given the lack of governmental supporting and the low value of most air emissions, the CP methodology is ineffective as a means of minimising the release of low value air emissions (or emissions generated from low value product). It was therefore concluded that a holistic approach is required.
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De, Patre Francesco. "Modelli decisionali multi-obiettivo per la progettazioni di piani di produzione nell'industria alimentare: Il caso Camst." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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L'elaborato propone uno strumento - un modello di programmazione lineare multi-obiettivo - di supporto alle decisioni per la progettazione di piani di produzione nell'industria alimentare. La peculiarità dello strumento sta nel considerare fattori di impatto appartenenti a diverse aree aziendali. Vengono tenuti in considerazioni driver economici, impiantistico-organizzativi, di soddisfazione cliente e di impatto ambientale come il carbon footprint ed il water footprint.
La bontà del modello è stata testata su un caso aziendale, in particolare su un industria operante nel settore della ristorazione collettiva. I risultati trovati hanno evidenziato come, talvolta, vi sia correlazione tra certi driver di scelta mentre altre volte le funzioni obiettivo siano fortemente divergenti. In questo ultimo caso, bisognerà ricorrere a dei trade-off.
L'elaborato propone anche valutazioni qualitative circa le conseguenze che si instaurano a valle della scelta di un piano di produzione.
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Fernández, Mendoza Joan Manuel. "Environmental optimization of the public space of cities Action on urban pavements and elements to support sustainable mobility." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283543.
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El planeamiento urbano empieza a estar fuertemente focalizado en la provisión de redes adecuadas de infraestructuras que estimulen el desarrollo de una movilidad sostenible. Sin embargo, la integración de criterios ambientales en el diseño y gestión de las infraestructuras necesarias para el sustento de la movilidad urbana es mínima. Teniendo en cuenta la enorme extensión y la creciente inversión global en el despliegue de nuevas infraestructuras urbanas para el sustento de la movilidad sostenible, la carga ambiental aportada al espacio público de las ciudades puede ser significativa.
Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la caracterización del comportamiento ambiental del ciclo de vida de diseños convencionales de aceras de hormigón, asfalto y granito e instalaciones para la recarga de vehículos eléctricos de dos ruedas. Las aceras son pavimentos urbanos básicos implementados para el sustento de la actividad peatonal y ciclista como los modos de movilidad urbana más limpios. A su vez, las aceras son la matriz sobre la cual se distribuye un abanico diverso de elementos urbanos relacionados con el soporte de la movilidad sostenible. Las instalaciones para la recarga de vehículos eléctricos son un elemento urbano que se está implementando masivamente en las ciudades para promover la electrificación del parque de vehículos urbanos como una estrategia prometedora para reducir significativamente el consumo de petróleo y las emisiones contaminantes de la movilidad motorizada. A través de la aplicación de la metodología de Análisis del Ciclo de Vida se identifican los diseños ambientalmente más óptimos para reducir la carga ambiental aportada al espacio público y contribuir a incrementar el valor ambiental de promover la movilidad sostenible en las ciudades.
Asimismo, la tesis busca identificar soluciones para mejorar el comportamiento ambiental de aquellos elementos que presentan un alto impacto con el fin de incrementar las ventajas ambientales alcanzadas en la escala urbana. Por un lado, se analiza desde una perspectiva de Ecología Industrial el potencial de producción limpia de losas de granito utilizadas en construcción. Por otro lado, se aplican principios de ecodiseño en la conceptualización de una eco-pergola (mobiliario urbano) que puede contribuir a sustentar una movilidad urbana multimodal (peatonal y bicicleta eléctrica).
Como resultado del desarrollo de la tesis doctoral, se proveen inventarios completos y desagregados de los recursos movilizados (energía, agua y materiales) e impactos ambientales asociados a cada elemento objeto de estudio, se identifican puntos críticos y se definen una serie de criterios y buenas prácticas para la toma de decisiones que conlleven a optimizar el comportamiento del espacio público de las ciudades.Urban planning starts to be heavily focused on the provision of adequate networks of urban infrastructures to stimulate a shift towards sustainable mobility in order to alleviate resource consumption and environmental impacts in cities. Nevertheless, the integration of life cycle environmental criteria in the design and management of the urban infrastructures required to support sustainable mobility is usually missing. Given the vast span and increasing global investment in the deployment of new infrastructure, the environmental burden imposed to the urban public space can be significant. This dissertation concentrates on the characterization of the life-cycle environmental performance of conventional designs of (concrete, asphalt and granite) sidewalks and charging facilities for electric vehicles (two-wheelers). Sidewalks are basic urban pavements implemented to support walking and cycling as the cleanest modes of urban mobility. Sidewalks also represent the matrix for the layout of different urban elements required to support sustainable mobility. Charging facilities for electric vehicles represent one urban element being heavily implemented in cities to encourage the electricification of the urban vehicle fleet as a promising strategy to cut oil consumption and pollutant emissions from motorized mobility. Life Cycle Assessment is applied in order to identify the most environmentally-friendly solutions and best practices to minimize the environmental burden imposed to the urban public space, thereby increasing the value of greening urban mobility. The dissertation also looks for solutions to improve the environmental performance of those product systems with high environmental footprint in order to achieve major environmental improvements at the urban scale. On the one hand, the potential for cleaner industrial production of granite tiles used in construction is analyzed from an Industrial Ecology approach (technological improvement, rainwater harvesting and by-product synergies). On the other hand, ecodesign principles are applied in the conceptualization of an eco-pergola (street furniture) that can contribute to support multimodal (pedestrian and e-bike) mobility. As a result, this dissertation provides complete and disaggregated inventory data of the mobilized resources (energy, water, materials) and environmental impacts of the life cycle of each product system, identifies the most relevant hot-spots for environmental improvement and defines a set of criteria and best-practices for sustainability-based decision-making to minimize the environmental burden of the urban public space.
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Stalter, Carline Fabiane. "Avaliação ambiental e econômica do processo de embalagem de utilidades domésticas a partir da abordagem de produção mais limpa." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6659.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares
A geração de resíduos em um processo deve ser evitada, tanto por questões econômicas como por questões ambientais, isso porque os resíduos gerados são compostos por matérias-primas que não se tornaram produto. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho busca avaliar oportunidades de melhoria através da ferramenta ambiental Produção mais Limpa (P+L) a fim de reduzir a quantidade de resíduos gerados no processo de embalagem da empresa Gama localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Este processo utiliza como matéria-prima o filme de polipropileno biorientado (BOPP), um polímero termoplástico resultante da orientação biaxial do filme de polipropileno (PP). Esses filmes são produzidos e vendidos pela empresa Alfa na forma de bobinas para a empresa Beta que realiza a impressão e então os comercializam. O processo de embalagem é realizado nas embaladoras horizontais do tipo Flow Pack que provem a selagem a quente do filme. Na empresa existem seis máquinas deste tipo, juntas geraram no ano de 2016, em média, 900kg de resíduo de embalagem de BOPP. Neste estudo foram selecionadas duas máquinas para serem estudadas e estas foram identificadas de acordo com o ano de fabricação: Flow Pack 84 e Flow Pack 07. A partir da avaliação in loco do processo em ambas as máquinas, foram identificadas as principais causas da geração de resíduo: rompimento do filme, falta de material, material trancado, material desalinhado e selagem inadequada. Com base em uma análise estatística por tabela de contingência e o diagrama de Pareto foram identificadas as principais falhas, ou seja, as que deveriam ser sanadas com prioridade: falta de material para a Flow Pack 07 e material trancado para a Flow Pack 84. Foi verificado ainda que a Flow Pack 84 gerava quase três vezes mais resíduos de embalagens quando comparada a Flow Pack 07. Assim, foram definidas ações de P+L visando a redução/eliminação de resíduo na fonte geradora. Com a instalação de uma esteira pulmão e de dois sensores de parada na Flow Pack 84 será possível eliminar a geração de resíduos por materiais trancados, pois quando algum material venha trancar o sensor identificará e interromperá o processo. Quanto a Flow Pack 07, a falta de material não depende da máquina em si, mas sim da qualidade do material que é alimentado nela, ou seja, é um problema que deve ser resolvido antes do processo de embalagem. A análise de viabilidade econômica realizada através do PayBack simples mostrou que o investimento realizado com as mudanças será recuperado em pouco mais de 1 ano. Com a implantação da melhoria no processo será reduzida a geração de resíduos de embalagem em 63,4% na Flow Pack 84, e consequentemente, serão reduzidos os impactos ambientais negativos causados não apenas pelo processo de embalagem, mas também por toda a cadeia produtiva do BOPP.
The generation of waste in a process should be avoided, both for economic and environmental reasons , because waste is composed of raw materials that have not become a product. In this sense, the present work seeks to evaluate improvement opportunities through the Cleaner Production (CP) environmental tool in order to reduce the amount of waste generated in the packaging process of a company Gama located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This process uses as a raw material bioriented polypropylene film (BOPP), a thermoplastic polymer resulting from the biaxial orientation of the polypropylene film (PP). These films are produced and sold by the company Alfa in the form of reels for the company Beta that do the printing and then sell them. The packaging process is carried out on the horizontal packers of the Flow Pack machines that provide the heat sealing of the film. In the company there are six machines of this type that together generated in the year 2016, on average, 900kg of packaging waste of BOPP. In this study two machines were defined to be studied and identified according to the year of manufacture: Flow Pack 84 and Flow Pack 07. From the on-site evaluation of the process in both machines, the main causes of waste generation were identified: Disruption of the film, lack of material, locked material, misaligned material and inadequate sealing. The statistical analysis by contingency table and the Pareto diagram showed the main failures, those that should be addressed with priority: lack of material for Flow Pack 07 and material locked for Flow Pack 84. It was also verified that Flow Pack 84 generated almost three times more packaging waste when compared to Flow Pack 07. Thus, CP actions were defined in order to reduce or eliminate waste in the generating source. With the installation of a lung treadmill and two stop sensors in the Flow Pack 84 it would be possible to eliminate the generation of waste by stucked materials, because when some material stuck into the machine the sensor would identify and interrupt the process. As for Flow Pack 07 the lack of material does not depend on the machine itself, but on the quality of the material that is fed into it, so, it is a problem that must be solved before the packaging process. The economic viability analysis performed through simple PayBack showed that the investment made with the changes would be recovered in just over a year. With the improvement of the process, the generation of packaging waste would be reduced by 63,4% in Flow Pack 84 and consequently the negative environmental impacts caused not only by the packaging process but also by the entire BOPP production chain would be reduced.
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Calia, Rogério Cerávolo. "A difusão da produção mais limpa: o impacto do seis sigma no desempenho ambiental sob o recorte analítico de redes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18140/tde-31072007-153120/.
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A industrialização gerou riqueza, mas também gerou a poluição ambiental pondo em risco as condições de vida no planeta. A produção mais limpa é uma metodologia de gestão para a prevenção da poluição nas manufaturas. A fim de difundir essa metodologia, foram criadas redes inter-organizacionais em diversas regiões do mundo para promover e implementar a produção mais limpa. No entanto, a difusão da produção mais limpa se confronta com barreiras organizacionais persistentes na américa latina como a resistência à mudança, falta de liderança, falta de formação de competências práticas, falta de suporte interno, falta de priorização e falta do efeito multiplicador. Isso sugere que, atualmente, tais redes especializadas nos aspectos técnicos da gestão ambiental não devem estar suficientemente capacitadas na gestão das variáveis organizacionais para a difusão da produção mais limpa. Como um primeiro passo rumo à compreensão destas variáveis, essa tese analisa as redes internas, dentro de uma grande corporação multinacional norte americana. A implementação de uma estrutura matricial para a gestão de projetos pela metodologia seis sigma estimulou os fluxos de conhecimento dos relacionamentos pessoais nas redes internas para mobilizar e multiplicar os conhecimentos tácitos aptos a prevenir a poluição. Deste modo, o desempenho do programa de produção mais limpa corporativo mais do que dobrou mundialmente e viabilizou-se que a subsidiária brasileira participasse do programa com seus primeiros projetos. As técnicas estatísticas comprovaram que a capacidade organizacional para a gestão de projetos tem poder explicativo para o desempenho do programa de produção mais limpa. Por fim, a modelagem qualitativa descreve a integração entre a estrutura matricial oficial e as redes internas de relacionamentos pessoais e propõe um modelo organizacional, no qual o âmbito global da infra-estrutura e o âmbito local das redes auto-projetadas para a execução dos projetos são interligados por um terceiro âmbito representado pelos fluxos dinâmicos de conhecimento das redes internas.The industrialization created wealth but also generated environmental pollution causing risk for the planet life conditions. Cleaner production is a management methodology for pollution prevention in manufactures. Inter-organizational networks to diffuse this methodology were created in many regions of the world, in order to promote and implement cleaner production. However, the diffusion of cleaner production is confronted with recurrent organizational barriers in latin america as the resistance to change, insufficient leadership, insufficient development of practical skills, insufficient internal support, insufficient prioritization and insufficient multiplication effect. This suggests that currently those networks specialized in the technical issues of environmental management may not be sufficiently skilled to manage the organizational variables for the cleaner production diffusion. As a first step towards the understanding of those variables, in this thesis, the internal networks inside a big north american multinational corporation are analyzed. The implementation of a matrix structure for project management with the six sigma methodology stimulated the knowledge flows of the personal relationships in the internal networks to mobilize and diffuse the tacit knowledge needed to prevent pollution. Thus, the performance of the corporate cleaner production program more than doubled worldwide and also made it feasible to the brazilian subsidiary to participate in this program with its first projects. The statistical techniques proved that the organizational capacity for project management has explaining power to the performance of the cleaner production program. Finally, the qualitative modeling describes the integration between the matrix structure and the internal networks of personal relationships and it is proposed an organizational model, in which the global infra-structure dimension and the local self-designed networks dimension to the projects execution are interconnected by a third organizational dimension represented by the dynamic knowledge flow of the internal networks.
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Munhoz, Fabiana Costa [UNESP]. "Utilização do gesso para fabricação de artefatos alternativos, no contexto de produção mais limpa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136699.
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No Brasil, as atividades da construção civil são motivos de preocupação para os líderes ambientais, principalmente em relação à geração e à gestão dos resíduos da construção. Diante da necessidade de desenvolvimento sustentável nesse setor, a inovação tecnológica torna-se uma importante ferramenta para a minoração do impacto ambiental. Baseado nos princípios da produção mais limpa (P+L), o objetivo deste trabalho foi colaborar para o desenvolvimento da inovação tecnológica na construção civil, visando à redução dos resíduos gerados em obra. Utilizou-se como matéria-prima o gesso, água e polímeros, objetivando a melhoria nas propriedades deste material, tanto no estado fresco quanto no estado endurecido, como a redução da absorção e aumento da resistência à compressão, com conseqüente ampliação de sua utilização como material alternativo na construção civil na produção de painéis modulares de vedação. Diferentes tipos e quantidades de polímeros foram adicionados na água de amassamento do gesso para a realização de ensaios de laboratório que determinaram a trabalhabiblidade da pasta, os tempos de início e fim de pega, a taxa de absorção e a resistência à compressão axial. Pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foi possível analisar a microestrutura das pastas confeccionadas e confirmar os dados obtidos nos ensaios de absorção e resistência à compressão axial. Dois traços com presença de aditivos se destacaram em relação aos objetivos propostos neste trabalho. Os resultados indicam que a presença de Silicone, que é um produto comercial, proporcionou redução na taxa de absorção do gesso, de 75%, se comparado com traço branco de análise. No entanto, sua presença não influenciou significativamente na resistência à compressão do material. A adição combinada de Silicone e Glenium 3200 HES possibilitou a redução de 28% na relação água/gesso, aumentando...
In Brazil, the activities of civil construction are an issue of great concern to the environmental leaders, particularly in relation to the generation and management of the construction wastes. Given the need for sustainable development in this sector, technological innovation has become an important tool for the mitigation of environment impacts. Based on the principles of cleaner production (P + L), the aim of this work was to collaborate to the develoment of technological innovation in civil construction, aiming to reduce the waste generated in constructions. Plaster, water and polymers were used as raw materials. In order to improve the properties of the mixture, both in early age and hardened gypsum pastes, this study assessed whether an alternation in the misture proportion would yield a reduction in the absorption rate and an increase in the compression resistance, with consequent expansion of its use as an alternative material in civil construction in the production of modular panels to seal. Different types and quantities of resins were added in the water before mixing with the plaster. Laborstory tests were carried out to determine the workability of the gypsum paste, the initial and final setting time values, the absorption rate and compression resistance. Using the scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to analyze the microstructure of gypsum paste and comfirm the data obtained in laboratory tests of absorption and compression resistance. Two mixtures with additives were more relevant to the proposed objectives for this work. The results indicated that the addition of silicone, which is a commercial product, provided a decrease in the plaster absortion rate of 75%, when compared to mixture without silicone. However, their addition reduced the compression resistance of the material. The combined addition of silicone and Glenium 3200 HES yielded a reduction in water/plaster ratio of 30%, increasing the compression resistance ...
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Shin, Dongwon. "The development of a sustainability policy model for promoting cleaner production : a special focus on Korea = De ontwikkeling van een duurzaamheidsbeleid model voor de promotie van Schonere Productie : met een speciale aandacht voor Korea /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00149093.pdf.
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Silva, Queli Viviana da. "Análise da aplicação de ferramentas de P+L em uma empresa de tintas imobiliárias." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3479.
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A Indústria de Tintas Imobiliárias, com o passar dos anos, vem se desenvolvendo, em virtude do crescimento do mercado da construção civil. Em conseqüência disso e a partir de exigências de mercado ou de órgãos ambientais, observa-se a necessidade de uma mitigação dos impactos ambientais gerados pelos resíduos durante o processo produtivo. Se os problemas ambientais são considerados antes de sua ocorrência, pode-se evitar as emissões e efluentes tóxicos, a geração de resíduos sólidos e o desperdício de recursos. Neste sentido, algumas metodologias de gestão ambiental são incorporadas ao sistema de produção, sendo o programa de Produção mais Limpa, definido pela Organização das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (UNIDO) e Programa das Nações Unidades para o Meio Ambiente (UNEP), uma destas metodologias. Este trabalho explora a aplicação de ferramentas do Programa de Produção mais Limpa na empresa de Fabricação de Tintas Imobiliárias, Kresil Tintas Ltda, compreendendo os processos existentes, através de sua descrição detalhada, identificando os aspectos e impactos ambientais. Neste sentido foram sugeridas oportunidades de melhorias que visem reduzir os impactos mencionados e propor a continuação da aplicação de conceitos de Produção mais Limpa, objetivando a quantificação e consolidação das melhorias propostas e identificação de outras oportunidades. O presente trabalho identificou causas de poluição e soluções em termos de minimização da geração de resíduos sob o ponto de vista ambiental e econômico, sugerindo melhorias baseadas no uso de ferramentas de P+L, boas práticas, minimização de resíduos, redução na fonte, modificações de processos, segregação de resíduos, entre outras. Foi observado que das oito melhorias implementadas, uma é de Nível 1, cinco de Nível 1 e nível 2, e duas de Nível 2. Foram também sugeridas oito melhorias, classificadas como 7 de nível 1 e 1 de nível 2. Este resultado mostra amplamente a possibilidade de redução dos impactos ambientais no processo produtivo.
In recent years, the housing paint industry has been developing as a function of the civil construction market growing. As a consequence of this and also from environmental agencies and market pressure it has been observed the need of environmental impacts mitigation of the waste generation from its productive processes. If the environmental problems are evaluated before their occurrence, it will be possible to avoid toxic emissions and effluents, solid waste generation and wasted resources. So, some environmental management methodologies are incorporated in the production system, such as cleaner production program, defined by UNIDO/UNEP -United Nations Industrial Development Organization/United Nations Environmental Program, a United Nation agency. This work explores the application of the cleaner production (CP) program tools in the Kresil Tintas Ltda company. The production processes were evaluated, identifying their environmental aspects and impacts. In this way, several opportunities were suggested and some implemented to reduce impacts and proposing the continuation of the concepts of cleaner production. The present work identified the causes of pollution and solution in terms of minimization of waste generation concerning the environmental and economical point of view. The suggested opportunities were based on, for example, good housekeeping, process modification, and internal recycling. It was determined 8 implemented actions, one as CP level 1, five both level 1 and 2, and two belonged to level 2. Eight actions were also suggested, which were classified as level 1 (seven) and level 2 (one). These results show clearly the possibility of environmental impact reduction in the production process of the company.
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Bohm, Sandra Inês Horn. "GERENCIAMENTO DE PROCESSOS INDUSTRIAIS BASEADO EM PRINCÍPIOS DA PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8187.
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Cleaner production (CP) is the continuous application of a preventive
environmental strategy process associated to the products and services of an
organization, with the goal of increasing efficiency and reducing risks to human
beings and the environment. Its implementation has generally increased productivity
from the rational use of resources. Total Performance Scorecard (TPS) is a
sistematic learning process, developing and continuous improvement, based on the
sustainable growth of personal and corporate actions. The objective of this research
was to propose a strategy to manage organizational processes, based on the
principles of cleaner production in metal mechanic companies. The proposal for
maintenance and continuity of improvements is based on the TPS cycle. The
research was made from the data of a producer of agricultural machines in Rio
Grande do Sul, which has the objective of reducing scrap in its processes. Three
cases were considered in this research: obsoletes items, purchasing process of
sheet metals and cutting the sheet metals to produce the pieces. The data show a
significant improvement with the use of the cleaner production principles in the
researched processes.Produção mais limpa (PML) é a aplicação contínua de uma estratégia ambiental preventiva e integrada aos processos, produtos e serviços de uma organização, visando aumentar sua eficiência e reduzir riscos para a humanidade e o meio ambiente. Sua adoção, em geral tem elevado a produtividade a partir da racionalização no uso dos recursos. Total Performance Scorecard (TPS) é um processo sistemático de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento e melhoramento contínuos, baseado no crescimento sustentável das atuações pessoais e corporativas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor uma estratégia para o gerenciamento de processos organizacionais, com base nos princípios da produção mais limpa em empresa do setor metalmecânico. A proposta para manutenção e continuidade das melhorias baseia-se no ciclo TPS. A pesquisa foi feita a partir de dados de um fabricante de máquinas agrícolas do Rio Grande do Sul, que busca reduzir resíduos em seus processos. Três estudos de caso: itens obsoletos, processo de compra de chapas e corte de chapas para produção de uma peça, foram tratados na pesquisa. Os dados comprovam uma melhora significativa com a aplicação dos princípios da produção mais limpa nos processos estudados.
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Anschau, Ramon. "Avaliação ambiental-econômica do uso da energia no processo de produção de água mineral com aplicação dos conceitos de produção mais limpa." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7436.
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O aumento no consumo de água mineral mostra a preocupação da população mundial com a compra de produtos mais saudáveis. Porém, devido à pequena margem financeira com a venda do produto, existe maior competitividade entre as empresas e o uso dos recursos para os processos produtivos deve ser conhecido e minimizado, sem impactar na qualidade. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo, entender e estratificar os consumos de energia nas diferentes etapas do processo de produção de água mineral não carbonatada em embalagens de 500 ml, buscando aplicar melhorias através de conceitos de Produção Mais Limpa (P+L). Conhecer os impactos ambientais potenciais das principais etapas do processo produtivo também foi um dos objetivos do estudo. Para isso, foram detalhados os processos principais e auxiliares através de fluxogramas de entradas e saídas e posteriormente foi realizado o Levantamento de Aspectos e Impactos Ambientais (LAIA). Indicadores de desempenho foram definidos, acompanhados e comparados com a bibliografia no final do estudo, os quais nortearam discussões entre as diferentes áreas da empresa. Todas as ações foram avaliadas técnica e economicamente através de reuniões periódicas e com cálculos de Payback simples, possibilitando conhecer a viabilidade dos possíveis investimentos. No final do estudo foram apresentadas as oportunidades de melhorias implementadas as quais trouxeram ganhos significativos. Após evidenciar que, aproximadamente, 70% do consumo de energia são necessários para a fabricação da embalagem, uma das melhorias sugeridas foi a fabricação de preformas mais leves. Isso tornou o processo 8% mais eficiente energeticamente, além de contribuir com a possibilidade de redução de até 195 toneladas de resina PET por ano, o que trouxe ganhos econômicos, além de diminuir a geração de resíduos sólidos. A redução na pressão de sopragem, outra melhoria implementada, gerou uma redução de 23% no consumo de energia associada à geração de ar comprimido de alta pressão. Melhoria de processo com Payback de 6 meses gerou uma economia anual de cerca de R$37.000,00 considerando a média da tarifa paga pela região sul do Brasil, onde está localizada a empresa. Com a utilização destes métodos, esta pesquisa buscou demonstrar o potencial de aumento de eficiência que estas ferramentas podem trazer para as empresas, trazendo, além de benefícios ambientais e econômicos, fortalecer a continuação de outros estudos de caso com o mesmo enfoque, já que trabalha em todos os níveis hierárquicos da organização.
The increase in mineral water consumption shows the concern of the world population with the purchase of healthier products. However, due to the small financial margin with the sale of the product, there is greater competitiveness among companies and the use of resources for the production processes must be known and minimized, without impacting on quality. The objective of this research was to understand and stratify energy consumption in the different stages of the production process of non-carbonated mineral water in 500 ml packages, seeking to apply improvements through Cleaner Production (P+L) concepts. Knowing the potential environmental impacts of the main stages of the production process was also one of the objectives of the study. For this, the main and auxiliary processes were detailed through input and output flow charts, and the Environmental Aspects and Impacts Survey (LAIA) was subsequently carried out. Performance indicators were defined, monitored and compared with the bibliography at the end of the study, which guided discussions between the different areas of the company. All actions were evaluated technically and economically through periodic meetings and with simple Payback calculations, making it possible to know the feasibility of possible investments. At the end of the study were presented the improvement opportunities implemented which brought significant gains. After evidencing that approximately 70% of the energy consumption is necessary for the manufacture of the packaging, one of the suggested improvements was the manufacture of lighter preforms. This made the process 8% more energetically efficient, besides contributing to the possibility of reducing up to 195 tons of PET resin per year, which brought economic gains, as well as reducing the generation of solid waste. The reduction in blowing pressure, another improvement implemented, generated a 23% reduction in energy consumption associated with the generation of high pressure compressed air. Process improvement with payback of 6 months generated annual savings of about R$37.000,00 considering the average of the tariff paid by the southern region of Brazil, where the company is located. With the use of these methods, this research aimed to demonstrate the potential for increased efficiency that these tools can bring to companies, bringing, in addition to environmental and economic benefits, to strengthen the continuation of other case studies with the same approach, since it works at all hierarchical levels of the organization.
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Munhoz, Fabiana Costa. "Utilização do gesso para fabricação de artefatos alternativos, no contexto de produção mais limpa /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136699.
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Orientador: Adilson RenófioBanca: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle
Banca: César Antunes de Freitas
Resumo: No Brasil, as atividades da construção civil são motivos de preocupação para os líderes ambientais, principalmente em relação à geração e à gestão dos resíduos da construção. Diante da necessidade de desenvolvimento sustentável nesse setor, a inovação tecnológica torna-se uma importante ferramenta para a minoração do impacto ambiental. Baseado nos princípios da produção mais limpa (P+L), o objetivo deste trabalho foi colaborar para o desenvolvimento da inovação tecnológica na construção civil, visando à redução dos resíduos gerados em obra. Utilizou-se como matéria-prima o gesso, água e polímeros, objetivando a melhoria nas propriedades deste material, tanto no estado fresco quanto no estado endurecido, como a redução da absorção e aumento da resistência à compressão, com conseqüente ampliação de sua utilização como material alternativo na construção civil na produção de painéis modulares de vedação. Diferentes tipos e quantidades de polímeros foram adicionados na água de amassamento do gesso para a realização de ensaios de laboratório que determinaram a trabalhabiblidade da pasta, os tempos de início e fim de pega, a taxa de absorção e a resistência à compressão axial. Pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foi possível analisar a microestrutura das pastas confeccionadas e confirmar os dados obtidos nos ensaios de absorção e resistência à compressão axial. Dois traços com presença de aditivos se destacaram em relação aos objetivos propostos neste trabalho. Os resultados indicam que a presença de Silicone, que é um produto comercial, proporcionou redução na taxa de absorção do gesso, de 75%, se comparado com traço branco de análise. No entanto, sua presença não influenciou significativamente na resistência à compressão do material. A adição combinada de Silicone e Glenium 3200 HES possibilitou a redução de 28% na relação água/gesso, aumentando...
Abstract: In Brazil, the activities of civil construction are an issue of great concern to the environmental leaders, particularly in relation to the generation and management of the construction wastes. Given the need for sustainable development in this sector, technological innovation has become an important tool for the mitigation of environment impacts. Based on the principles of cleaner production (P + L), the aim of this work was to collaborate to the develoment of technological innovation in civil construction, aiming to reduce the waste generated in constructions. Plaster, water and polymers were used as raw materials. In order to improve the properties of the mixture, both in early age and hardened gypsum pastes, this study assessed whether an alternation in the misture proportion would yield a reduction in the absorption rate and an increase in the compression resistance, with consequent expansion of its use as an alternative material in civil construction in the production of modular panels to seal. Different types and quantities of resins were added in the water before mixing with the plaster. Laborstory tests were carried out to determine the workability of the gypsum paste, the initial and final setting time values, the absorption rate and compression resistance. Using the scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to analyze the microstructure of gypsum paste and comfirm the data obtained in laboratory tests of absorption and compression resistance. Two mixtures with additives were more relevant to the proposed objectives for this work. The results indicated that the addition of silicone, which is a commercial product, provided a decrease in the plaster absortion rate of 75%, when compared to mixture without silicone. However, their addition reduced the compression resistance of the material. The combined addition of silicone and Glenium 3200 HES yielded a reduction in water/plaster ratio of 30%, increasing the compression resistance ...
Mestre
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Marinho, Maerbal Bittencourt. "Novas relações sistema produtivo/meio ambiente." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2001. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9980.
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Esta dissertação consiste em uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre a prevenção da poluição na fonte geradora. Teve como objetivos: compor uma fonte adicional de informação sobre o tema, em língua portuguesa, uma vez que as disponíveis são muito limitadas, e discutir as implicações da incorporação ou não da prevenção, em função de seus resultados ambientais e econômicos e das diferenças de possibilidades entre os países. Inicialmente, analisa-se as discussões relativas à sustentabilidade, vulnerabilidade e incertezas ambientais, que situam o problema e ressaltam a necessidade de prevenir a poluição. Em seguida, discute-se as correntes intituladas Produção Mais Limpa e a Ecologia Industrial: conceitos e tecnologias; vantagens ambientais e econômicas; resultados já obtidos e dificuldades encontradas; instrumentos que induzem a adoção da prevenção; convergências e divergências entre as proposições. Por último, discute-se a orientação das leis ambientais brasileiras em relação a prevenção da poluição e as possíveis implicações para os países em desenvolvimento, como conseqüência da incorporação ou não das tecnologias mais eficientes de prevenção. Conclui-se que a Produção Mais Limpa e a Ecologia Industrial podem ser complementares e que a consideração das duas alternativas, acresce opções ao complexo problema da busca da sustentabilidade. Conclui-se, ainda que, ante a lógica econômica predominante, as vantagens ambientais e econômicas proporcionadas pela lógica da prevenção, tendem a aumentar as diferenças entre os países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Mas que as diferenças serão ainda maiores em relação àqueles que se atenham aos procedimentos menos eficientes de fim de linha. Que os países em desenvolvimento precisam identificar possibilidades de incorporação da lógica da prevenção e buscar a ampliação do seu acesso às novas tecnologias.
Salvador
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Nunes, José Roberto Rolim. "Gestão de Produção mais Limpa em pequenas empresas: uma proposta metodológica desenvolvida por meio de pesquisa-ação." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8992.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The main objective of this research is to propose a Cleaner Production (CP) management methodology for small companies. CP can be understood as continual application of a preventive environmental strategy integrated to service, products and process in order to reduce risks to people and environment as well to increase process efficiency. Many companies, in particular the big ones, have adopted CP practices to reduce environment impacts and they have obtained, by extension, economic benefits by waste generation reduction and usage of less quantity of energy, water and materials. Despite its benefits, it is perceived low level of adherence to environmental management based on CP in the group of small companies, which is attributed to several barriers, such as few financial resources, lack of involvement of people and lack of leadership. This research analyzed how to structure the CP actions in a small metallurgical company by using the action research during five years. Data were collected and analyzed by means of participant observation. As main result this study proposes a CP management methodology in small companies composed by a five steps cyclical phase and a meta-phase. The proposed methodology showed to be a feasible way to conduct environment management in the research unit. It was observed that actions of monitoring and promoting CP improvement, prioritization of preventive opportunities and people involvement facilitate the evolution of continuous improvement in the proposed methodology.
O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é propor uma metodologia de gestão da Produção mais Limpa (P+L) para pequenas empresas. A P+L pode ser entendida como a aplicação contínua de uma estratégia ambiental preventiva e integrada aos serviços, produtos e processos produtivos a fim de reduzir os riscos para pessoas e meio ambiente e também aumentar a eficiência dos processos. Muitas empresas, em particular as de grande porte, têm adotado as práticas de P+L para reduzir os impactos ambientais e obtêm, por extensão, benefícios econômicos pela redução de geração de resíduos e uso de menor quantidade de energia, água e materiais. Apesar dos seus benefícios, no grupo das pequenas empresas é percebida baixa adesão à gestão ambiental baseada na P+L, o que é atribuído a um conjunto de barreiras, como por exemplo, poucos recursos financeiros, falta de envolvimento das pessoas e falta de liderança. Nesta pesquisa se analisou como estruturar as ações de P+L numa pequena empresa metalúrgica com o emprego do método de pesquisa-ação por um período de cinco anos. Os dados foram coletados e analisados por meio de observação participante. Como resultado principal tem-se a proposição de uma metodologia para gestão de P+L em pequenas empresas composta por cinco passos numa fase cíclica e uma meta fase. A metodologia proposta mostrou ser viável para conduzir a gestão ambiental na unidade de pesquisa. Constatou-se que ações de monitorar e promover as melhorias de P+L, priorização das oportunidades preventivas e envolvimento das pessoas facilitam a evolução do processo de melhoria contínua na metodologia proposta.
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Silva, Thiago Lopes da. "Práticas de Produção Mais Limpa e sua relação com o desempenho financeiro das empresas de manufatura listadas na BM&FBOVESPA." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9133.
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Não recebi financiamento
Sustainable development raises at present days a number of challenges to manufacturing, precisely in order to make production more sustainable, equating economic and financial issues with environmental and social issues. Cleaner Production represents one of the approaches which can be used by manufacturing companies in the attempt to achieve this purpose, rightfully represent this a strategy oriented to the reduction of negative impacts arising from production processes in all its extension. As a direct result of the implementation of cleaner production practices, enhances the efficiency of the production process, thus increasing competitiveness of enterprises, whether in terms of increases in manufacturing capacity, both in terms of better prospects of generating financial results. However, in the case of the Brazilian context, are relatively sparse theoretical-empirical evidence that greater intensity as the implementation of cleaner production practices on the part of corporations effectively shown able to influence your financial performance. Under such circumstances, the objective of the present study is to assess whether the greater or less intensity about the implementation of cleaner production practices by manufacturing companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA shown effectively able to provide significant differences in terms of financial performance. To this end, a survey research was undertaken by the manufacturing companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, whose research instrument was constituted in the questionnaire. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis by means of appropriate software to such purpose, by use of Multivariate Statistical technique called multiple Linear Regression. Finally, the survey results point to the perception that some of the cleaner production practices seem to influence corporate financial performance, profitability, and profitability, than be seen to be viable your implementation under the economic-financial point of view.
A temática do desenvolvimento sustentável suscita na atualidade uma série de desafios à manufatura, mais especificamente no sentido de que se faz urgente levar a efeito um modelo de produção mais sustentável, equacionando-se de tal maneira as questões de ordem econômico-financeira com as questões de ordem ambiental e social. A Produção Mais Limpa representa uma das abordagens das quais podem se valer as empresas de manufatura no intento de alcançar o propósito de tornar a produção mais sustentável, na medida em que se configura em uma estratégia orientada à redução dos impactos negativos decorrentes dos processos produtivos em toda a sua extensão. Como resultado direto da implementação de práticas de Produção Mais Limpa, potencializa-se a eficiência global do processo produtivo, ampliando-se assim a competitividade das empresas, seja isso em termos de incrementos na sua capacidade manufatureira, seja em termos de melhores perspectivas de geração de resultados financeiros. No entanto, em se tratando do contexto brasileiro, são relativamente escassas as evidências teórico-empíricas de que maior intensidade quanto à implementação de práticas de Produção Mais Limpa por parte das corporações efetivamente se mostra capaz de influenciar seu desempenho financeiro. Sob tais circunstâncias, o objetivo do presente estudo consiste em avaliar se a maior ou a menor intensidade quanto à implementação de práticas de Produção Mais Limpa por parte das companhias de manufatura listadas na BM&FBOVESPA se mostra efetivamente capaz de proporcionar diferenças significativas em termos de desempenho financeiro. Para tanto, foi empreendida uma pesquisa survey junto às companhias de manufatura listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, cujo instrumento de pesquisa se constituiu no Questionário. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas por meio de software apropriado a tal finalidade, mediante emprego da técnica de Estatística Multivariada denominada Regressão Linear Múltipla. Finalmente, os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a percepção de que algumas das práticas de Produção Mais Limpa parecem influenciar o desempenho financeiro das corporações, mais especificamente a lucratividade e a rentabilidade, do que se depreende seja viável sua implementação sob o ponto de vista econômico-financeiro.