Journal articles: 'Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)'

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Koakutsu, Kazuhisa, and Yuji Mizuno. "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 20, no. 4 (2009): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.20.149.

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Burian, Martin, and Christof Arens. "The clean development mechanism." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2013-0033.

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Purpose – Since the registration of the first clean development mechanism (CDM) project in 2004, the CDM has seen a dynamic expansion: the CDM pipeline currently comprises 6,725 projects generating 2.73 billion certified emission reductions (CERs) up to 2012. These CERs result in a substantial financial flow from Annex I to Non-Annex I countries. But CDM projects also result in investments in low carbon technologies, a substantial share of which is focused on the energy sector. The total installed capacity of all CDM projects amounts to 288,944 MW. However, the CDM is not widely taken up in Africa. This holds true for Africa's share in the CDM project pipeline (2.62 per cent), for Africa's share in CERs generated up to 2012 (3.58 per cent) and for the normalized CERs per capita, per country. Two hypothesizes are commonly discussed: first, the continent features low per capita emissions and low abatement potentials. Second, African countries may be hampered by weak institutional frameworks. This article reviews both hypotheses and presents new empirical data. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Investigating the greenhouse gas (GHS) abatement potential of 16 energy-related sectors for 11 selected least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa shows a total theoretical CDM potential of 128.6 million CERs per year. Analyzing investment indicators confirms that most countries are impeded by below average investment conditions. Findings – It is concluded that Africa offers a considerable range of substantial abatement potentials. However, the weak institutional framework is limiting the uptake of the CDM in Africa. This is underpinned by an analysis which shows if a CDM sector has high investment cost, Africa will have a low share in the sector. If the sector has low investment needs per CER, Africa's share in the CDM sector will be bigger. Investment needs and Africa's share in the pipeline feature a negative correlation. Research limitations/implications – Supporting CDM development in Africa should not be constraint to technical assistance. It will be crucial to develop an integrated financing approach, comprising the CDM as a co-financing mechanism, to overcome the institutional challenges. Originality/value – Until today, there are few empirical studies that use concrete criteria and indicators to show why the CDM is underrepresented in Africa. The work presented here contributes to filling this gap.

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Muchelulea, Yusuf, and Kevin Mulama. "The Clean development mechanism." Journal of Management and Science 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2016.10.

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The Clean development mechanism (CDM) is a new tool for promoting sustainable development in developing countries. It was established by the Kyoto Protocol under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It promises developed countries certified emission reductions (CERs) if they comply with their quantified emission targets and developing countries sustainable development benefits if they participate and invest in clean renewable technologies. Energy development through investments in clean technology transfer can contribute to sustainable development. However, sustainable development will only be achieved if current barriers and gaps facing CDM project implementation in Kenya are mitigated or removed altogether paving way for the development of more CDM projects in Kenya.

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Gupta, Anil. "Clean development mechanism of Kyoto Protocol." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-09-2012-0051.

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Purpose – This paper aims to review the developments in India with respect to clean development mechanism (CDM) of Kyoto Protocol to assess the achievements during first Kyoto Protocol period (2008-2012) in climate change mitigation and suggest measure for better participation during the second commitment period. The paper further makes an attempt to explore the experience, concerns and expectations of the Indian project proponents of green projects registered with CDM Executive Board. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs two methods: informal interviews with executives of World Bank, Designated National Authority (DNA) of India for CDM, leading international CDM consulting firms and a questionnaire survey of Indian CDM projects proponents. Findings – During first commitment period valid up to December 31, 2012, India remained active participant in the CDM, the only mechanism of Kyoto Protocol where developing countries can participate and join in mitigation of climate change, through the development of green projects and thereby earning additional revenue in terms of carbon finance by sale of carbon credits. The study finds out that in the global CDM experience, India's role is striking with its second highest share both in terms of number of projects registered worldwide and in generation of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Originality/value – This paper provides several recommendations for strengthening the institutional frame work in India with respect to CDM as well as suggestions to policy makers for consideration while charting out future policies and programs addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation oriented towards better participation in climate change mitigation during the second commitment period of Kyoto Protocol.

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Aggarwal, Pravesh, and Rupesh Aggarwal. "Examining perspectives and dimensions of clean development mechanism." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2015-0050.

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Purpose This paper aims to critically evaluate the working of the clean development mechanism (CDM) particularly in developing and least developed countries in the light of recent developments. Design/methodology/approach Part I of the paper delves upon various international rules governing the CDM. Part II of the paper draws out the rationale behind the introduction of the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol so as to provide a basis for its critical assessment in actual practice, as dealt with in Part III. Finally, the paper makes a concluding remark and suggests a way forward. Findings It is submitted that the CDM suffers from a gamut of concerns, which need to be adequately addressed. The business-centric approach followed by the investors of CDM projects has been a major reason behind denial of social, economic and environmental benefits pertinent for attaining sustainable development in the developing countries. The urge to derive economic benefits resulting from their investment has made the developing countries more competitive but turn a blind eye to reduced standards maintained for sustainable development. Besides, long-term benefits arising out of such projects, along with greater public participation of local stakeholders in CDM activities, have usually taken a backseat. A need is there to involve the CDM in the agricultural sector, which would have long-term benefits. Besides, it is required to enhance local stakeholder consultation, which ensures that people affected by a CDM project can give a timely, meaningful input to a proposed project. In the 80th meeting of the CDM Executive Board, held in Bonn, it was further decided that the complaints of the local stakeholders shall be given effect through subsequent changes in the project design of the CDM pipeline, along with their consultation before the real start of the project. Greater participation will also be ensured through increased publically available data on CDM projects. Originality/value The paper is original and brings out some valuable suggestions to improve the working of the CDM.

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Mohammed, Sani Damamisau. "Clean development mechanism and carbon emissions in Nigeria." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 11, no. 3 (November 3, 2019): 523–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-05-2017-0041.

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Purpose Carbon emissions from gas flaring in the Nigerian oil and gas industry are both a national and international problem. Nigerian government policies to eliminate the problem 1960-2016 yielded little or no results. The Kyoto Protocol (KP) provides Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as an international market-based mechanism to reducing global carbon emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analytically highlight the potentials of CDM in eliminating carbon emissions in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviewed the historical background of Kyoto protocol, Nigerian Government policies to eliminating gas flaring in its oil and gas industry 1960-2016 and CDM projects in the industry. The effectiveness of the policies and CDM projects towards ending this problem were descriptively analysed. Findings Government policies towards eliminating gas flaring with its attendant carbon emissions appeared not to be yielding the desired results. However, projects registered under CDM in the industry looks effective in ending the problem. Research limitations/implications Therefore, the success recorded by CDM projects has the policy implication of encouraging Nigeria to engage on establishing more CDM projects that ostensibly proved effective in reducing CO2 emissions through gas flaring reductions in its oil and gas industry. Apparent effectiveness of studied CDM should provide a way forward for the country in eliminating gas flaring in its oil and gas industry which is also a global menace. Nigeria could achieve this by providing all needed facilitation to realising more CDM investments. Practical implications CDM as a policy has proved effective in eliminating gas flaring in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The government should adopt this international policy to achieve more gas flaring reductions. Social implications Social problems of respiratory diseases, water pollution and food shortage among others due to gas flaring are persisting in oil and gas producing areas as government policies failed to end the problem. CDM projects in the industry have proved effective in eliminating the problem, thus improving the social welfare of the people and ensuring sustainable development. Originality/value The paper analysed the effectiveness of Nigerian Government policies and an international market-based mechanism towards ending gas flaring in its oil and gas industry.

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Deshun, Liu, and Taishi Sugiyama. "Clean Development Mechanism for Power Infrastructures for China's Sustainable Development." Energy & Environment 13, no. 3 (July 2002): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830502320268278.

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What is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)? The establishment of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a significant achievement in the political negotiations on the implementation of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). CDM is stipulated in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol (KP), where assisting developing country Parties in achieving sustainable development is explicitly listed as a purpose in parallel with the others. Developed country Parties are to be assisted in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment (QELRC) under Article 3 by acquiring Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) accrued from the CDM. This win-win mechanism reflects two arguments: the responsibility of developed countries for past greenhouse gas emissions, and the legitimate priority needs of developing countries for their social and economic development and poverty eradication. It should be kept in mind, therefore, that when formulating the strategic policy of the CDM, one important principle to be followed is that CDM projects must be compatible with and supportive of national environments and sustainable development priorities and strategies of developing country Parties.

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Subbarao, Srikanth, and Bob Lloyd. "Can the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) deliver?" Energy Policy 39, no. 3 (March 2011): 1600–1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.036.

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Shi, Beibei, Lei Wu, and Rong Kang. "Clean Development, Energy Substitution, and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project Implementation in China." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020860.

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In the face of increasingly severe climate change and its disastrous effects, how to effectively tackle it and reduce carbon dioxide emissions has become an important global issue. Clean development mechanism (CDM) project implementation provides an opportunity for more developing countries to actively participate in global climate governance. As the largest global emitter of carbon dioxide, have China’s CDM projects slowed down carbon dioxide emissions? In order to answer this question, the study constructs panel data at the provincial level from 2000 to 2017 to investigate the emission-reduction effects of China’s CDM projects. Results showed that China’s CDM projects’ implementation significantly reduced carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) and the growth rate of carbon dioxide emissions. The emission reduction effects of different types of CDM projects have obvious heterogeneity. In addition, this study further found that China’s CDM projects’ implementation can not only effectively substitute traditional fossil energy, but also improve energy-utilization efficiency.

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Bhullar, Lovleen. "REDD+ and the Clean Development Mechanism: A comparative perspective." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (April 22, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3229.

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The program, ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD), which operates within the international climate change policy framework, is projected to emerge as one of the key climate change mitigation mechanisms for developing countries. The existing Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) mechanism, operating under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may prove useful for drawing lessons for the emerging REDD program, since both mechanisms represent flexible means for developed countries to achieve compliance with their mitigation targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The possible means include CDM as the basis for a project-based approach for the implementation of REDD (if adopted) or the inclusion of REDD within CDM. This article compares the features of A/R CDM and REDD, identifies similarities and differences, and analyses the extent to which the former can provide guidance for the development of a carbon governance mechanism for REDD.

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Xu, Shao Nan. "The Development of Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism in China." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2682.

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Since 2005 when Carbon Fund was formally introduced to China, the development of projects under the clean development mechanism(CDM) has experienced enormous growth,contributing to the sustainable development of industry.While there are at least two general barriers to get a balanced development of CDM projects in China—namely the limitation of implementation of CDM projects both in sector and scale spheres and problems faced by enterprises in development of CDM project —for assessment of the applicability of project methodology，this article compares the national Chinese registered projects and corresponding methodologies in the world.In the end,My analysis argues the underlying reasons and proposes several schemes to solve the problems.

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Pillay, Surendran. "An Assessment Of Clean Development Mechanism Project Contribution To Sustainable Development In Nigeria." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 15, no. 6 (November 21, 2016): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v15i6.9838.

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A Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a market-based climate change instrument used to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. CDM’s have become popular in many developing countries, however given the materially skewed distribution of CDM projects in developing countries it not clear whether CDM projects contribute materially to environmental and economic sustainable development in developing countries. This study examines the effect of CDM on sustainable development in Nigeria by reviewing sample of working CDM projects in Nigeria against globally established sustainable development criteria. Possible amendments to CDM policy are then reviewed based on the findings made during the study.

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Pillay, Surendran. "The Impact Of Clean Development Mechanism Projects On Sustainable Development In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 6 (November 3, 2015): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i6.9485.

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Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) have achieved a certain level of cost-effective emission reductions in developing countries. In this context the uneven distribution of CDM projects in certain regions as well as the concentration of CDM projects amongst certain sectors in developing countries have resulted in the issue of whether CDM projects contribute to sustainable development in developing countries. This article examines the impact of CDM projects on sustainable development in South Africa by examining a sample of working CDM projects there and evaluating their impact on environmental, economic and social sustainable development. Based on observations during the study, CDM policy changes are reviewed, and options to enhance the sustainable development implications of CDM projects are explained.

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Ooi, Say Keat, Azlan Amran, and Zainorfarah Zainuddin. "Success Factors for Clean Development Mechanism Implementation in Malaysia." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v7i3.109.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), established under the Kyoto Protocol, is one of the market-based mechanisms developed to assist industrialized countries mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, achieve emission reduction targets, and at the same time promote sustainable development in developing countries. The CDM, which provides flexibility and costeffectiveness in meeting GHG emission reduction targets, has captured interest globally. CDM implementation is expected to generate benefits, give developing countries a sense of ownership, and share the global load in tackling global warming and climate change. However, CDM <br />implementation faces several complications. The successful participation of developing countries in emission reduction projects presents ongoing challenges, which inhibit their drive towards sustainable development goals. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and theoretical analysis, several factors have been identified as significant to successful CDM implementation in Malaysia. These success factors, which include regulation and a legal framework, competitive advantage, green supply chain, ethical values, financial benefits, and technology transfer, are presented and the importance of each factor is discussed.

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Drew, Jacqueline M., and Michael E. Drew. "Establishing additionality: fraud vulnerabilities in the clean development mechanism." Accounting Research Journal 23, no. 3 (November 23, 2010): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10309611011092574.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the clean development mechanism (CDM) which creates carbon credits from emission abatement projects in developing economies. The paper aims to examine the operation of the CDM with specific reference to fraud vulnerabilities regarding the additionality of a project. An examination of the process of establishment, certification and verification of additionality (confirmation that emissions post‐implementation of the CDM project are lower than those that would have occurred under the most plausible alternative scenario) is used to highlight the need for particular vigilance in respect to sustaining and improving the integrity of future market‐based mechanisms post‐Kyoto.Design/methodology/approachThe study takes a case study approach, examining the CDM project cycle and associated key entities.FindingsThe study posits that the processes associated with establishing and verifying additionality of a project are potentially key areas of systemic weakness that must be addressed. This case study explores the design features of the CDM that may afford greater opportunities for fraudulent or deceptive practices.Originality/valueThe CDM takes a project‐by‐project approach to establishment, verification and certification of additionality. Whilst conceptually this design may be appropriate from an operational perspective, it potentially provides opportunities for fraudulent outcomes. The individualised approach is, by its very nature, highly resource‐intensive and inherently difficult to verify.

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Perera, Luiz Carlos Jacob, Roberto Borges Kerr, Herbert Kimura, and Fabiano Guasti Lima. "Investing in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects in Brazil." Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv3n1p1-14.

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The discussion about Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects has its roots in global warming and its consequences. CDM projects enable developed countries to offset the pollution generated by the acquisition of Certified Emission Reductions (CER), concerning the reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions in developing countries. The article discusses the CDM in a comprehensive manner, based on the opinion of experts, and investigates the future of this market from 2012, the post-Kyoto period. The main results show that the CDM follows the principles of Sustainable Development, focusing on the climate changes and the profitability of projects. It shows that Brazil has real possibilities to act in the CER market which is expected to consolidate in the post-Kyoto. Controversial issues as the future of post-Kyoto, nuclear power and especially the conservation of forests, through the generation of CER, remain undefined.

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Hatamkhani, Amir, and Hosein Alizadeh. "Clean-development-mechanism-based optimal hydropower capacity design." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 6 (August 23, 2018): 1401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.006.

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Abstract This paper deals with optimal design of a hydropower project's capacity when an analyst may take into account different economic analysis approaches and considerations including market price method, alternative thermal power plant method, externalities and clean development mechanism (CDM). We formulate the problem using mixed-integer nonlinear programming including an economic objective function and governing hydropower constraints. Due to non-convexity of the program, we employ an effective simulation-optimization approach coupling particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software which we customize for hydropower simulation using scripting capabilities of the software. The developed modelling framework is applied to the Karun II hydropower project in Iran, where we aim CDM-based optimal design of the project and also compare two economic hydropower analysis methods, i.e. market price and alternative thermal plant. Results show how inclusion of externality and CDM can affect the project's design and measures.

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Newell, Peter, and Adam Bumpus. "The Global Political Ecology of the Clean Development Mechanism." Global Environmental Politics 12, no. 4 (November 2012): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00139.

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This article explores the ways in which the “global” governance of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) intersects with the “local” politics of resource regimes that are enrolled in carbon markets through the production and trade in Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs). It shows how political structures and decision-making procedures set up at the international level to govern the acquisition of CERs through the Kyoto Protocol's CDM interact with and transform national and local level political ecologies in host countries where very different governance structures, political networks, and state-market relations operate. It draws on literature within political ecology and field work in Argentina and Honduras to illustrate and understand the politics of translation that occur when the social and environmental consequences of decisions made within global governance mechanisms, such as the CDM, are followed through to particular sites in the global political economy. It also shows how the outcomes in those sites in turn influence the global politics of the CDM.

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Yang, Zhi Hong, Shuang Jian Li, Yi Pu Zhou, Qi Wang, and Qin Zhe Liu. "Clean Development Mechanism and Carbon Trading Market Construction in China." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1500–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1500.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three “flexibility” mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol. Chinese government implements the CDM projects as the only way and most important means to participate in the global carbon trading market, and provides a lot of policy support; however, there are still many problems and risks during the operation of CDM projects in China: the lack of legal system, Carbon leakage, the insufficient transfer of technology and the passive market position of Chinese enterprises. Starting from the strict GHG reduction target and pilot projects of carbon trading in China, this paper constructs domestic carbon trading market on the basis of experiences and lessons of CDM projects in China; then it puts forward the basic thinking of legal system, market management and supervision system in the process of China’s carbon trading market establishment.

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Liu, Li Guang. "The Action Network of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in China." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.892.

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a project-based climate mitigation scheme under the Kyoto Protocol. Since 2007, China has become the largest CDM credit supplier in the world. With the promotion of CDM projects, a flexible, consensus-seeking network that involves a variety of public and private actors has continuously been evolving. This paper provides a preliminary network analysis of how a wide range of public and private actors have been involved in the market-based CDM activities. It focuses on the development of action network and how the structural and interactive features of the network have impacted the policy outcomes. The paper concludes China has developed comprehensive action network for participating in the emission reduction activities, and the features of the network clearly reflect characteristics of Chinese political regime. Although China leads in CDM project activities, some regulatory measures may have the negative impacts on the full exertion of its potentials.

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Heng, Liu, and Hu Xiaobo. "The Development and Practice of Small Hydropower Clean Development Mechanism Projects in China." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 8 (October 12, 2012): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v8i0.4900.

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This paper generally describes the background of global hydropower CDM projects and the development of Small Hydropower (SHP) CDM projects in China. It analyses the features of China SHP CDM projects, and summarize their prospect and future challenges.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v8i0.4900Hydro Nepal Issue No. 8, 2011 JanuaryPage: 8-13Uploaded date: 16 June, 2011

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Little, G., T. Maxwell, and M. Sutherland. "Accelerating the implementation of the clean development mechanism in South African industry." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 10, no. 4 (May 22, 2014): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v10i4.1055.

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One of the responses to the threat of global warming is the Kyoto Protocol and the associated Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to reduce greenhouse gases. South Africa is an ideal country for the implementation of industrial CDM projects, yet lags behind many other countries. This qualitative research determines the factors that cause South Africa to lag other developing countries in the implementation of industrial CDM projects and the interventions that will have the most impact on accelerating implementation. The research involved interviews with 30 experts involved in the South African CDM process. The results identify the factors perceived to be facilitating and inhibiting the use of CDM opportunities and a framework for CDM practitioners to develop an implementation strategy within South African industry is established.

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Millock, Katrin. "Technology transfers in the Clean Development Mechanism: an incentives issue." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 3 (July 2002): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0200027x.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) offers abatement cost savings under the Kyoto Protocol by allowing credits for emission reductions obtained in signatory developing countries. The paper argues that technology transfers can improve incentives for cost-effective emission reductions under bilateral CDM contracts when there is asymmetric information between the investor and the host party.JEL classification: Q20; D82

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Kelly, Gerard. "Assessing the Climate Governance Contribution and Future of the Clean Development Mechanism." Nordic Journal of International Law 87, no. 4 (November 17, 2018): 393–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08704001.

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This article assesses the contribution of the clean development mechanism (cdm) to climate governance. The cdm emerged as the key offset mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, but its contribution to climate governance remains contested. This article deconstructs the cdm by evaluating the mechanism’s dominant critiques and offers a synthesised analysis of its core design and operational defects. The implications of the Paris Agreement, particularly the prospect of a successor mechanism to the cdm, are evaluated, and inform this article’s vision of a reconstructed mechanism as an important component in the evolving carbon markets infrastructure. Although such a reconstructed mechanism would continue to build a base of regulatory experience in less developing countries, this article suggests that the framework emerging under the Paris Agreement should more carefully circumscribe the cdm’s future role. Finally, this article concludes by considering the potential climate governance contribution of a reconstructed cdm.

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DulalHazra, Nanda. "Problems of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects in India." International Journal of Management Studies V, Special Issue 2 (August 30, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5is2/11.

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Lim, Xin-Le, and Wei-Haur Lam. "Review on Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) implementation in Malaysia." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 29 (January 2014): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.106.

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Quang Thuan, Nguyen, and Tran Thi Thu Huyen. "Clean development mechanism (CDM) and legal framework in Vietnam." World of the Orient 2013, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2013): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/orientw2013.02.179.

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Lotz, Marco, Alan Brent, and Herman Steyn. "Addressing the need for a clean development mechanism (CDM) specific project management strategy." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 2 (August 22, 2011): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i2.278.

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects have additional technical, financial and regulatory requirements that are not fully addressed by classic project management approaches. Research has been done on individual novel concepts of the CDM, like additionality, but little has been achieved to address an overall CDM project management approach. CDM and project management literature was reviewed and the South African CDM Industry Association was used as a case study to gain insight into an appropriate CDM specific project management strategy. A stage-gate model was subsequently derived to align classic project management approaches with the additional requirements of CDM projects. Further research will, in time, determine the completeness and practicability of the proposed model.

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RAHMAN, SHAIKH M., DONALD F. LARSON, and ARIEL DINAR. "COSTS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ABATEMENT UNDER THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM." Climate Change Economics 06, no. 01 (February 2015): 1550005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500050.

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This paper examines the costs of emissions abatement through various types of projects financed under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. Using project data, cost functions are estimated applying alternative functional forms. Results show that the average cost of abatement decreases with the volume of abatement, showing economies of scale and suggesting that reducing emissions through small projects is relatively expensive. Results also show significant variation in the costs of abatement by project type and location. Nevertheless, the observed distribution of project investments does not closely match the relative cost structure, either by location or project type. Renewable energy projects accounted for 62% of the projects even though they had the second highest cost. Most of the CDM projects are located in emerging economies, principally China, India, and Brazil, even though the fixed costs of establishing CDM projects in these countries are higher than in many other developing countries. Significantly, while much of the conceptual and applied numerical literature concerning greenhouse gas abatement policies relies on presumptions about the structure of abatement cost curves, these findings suggest that comparative advantage is only one of several factors driving CDM investments and that investors hold additional preferences about project location and project type. Finally, results indicate a general, though noncontinuous, downward trend in the costs of abatement for new CDM projects.

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Ming, Li. "China's Small Hydropower CDM Projects Development on Low-Carbon Economy Era." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.156.

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an international cooperation mechanisms based on the "Kyoto Protocol". Through CDM, developed and developing countries can reach a win-win in achieving sustainable development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is no doubt low-carbon economy has brought new opportunities for CDM projects. Through CDM theory, this paper studied on the feasibility of small hydropower CDM projects, the benefits of small hydropower CDM projects, as well as development procedures of small hydropower CDM project.

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Ahmed, Ajaz, and Aneel Salman. "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Business in Pakistan: Perceptions and Realities." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (December 1, 2012): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.303-316.

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Climate change is the biggest challenge human family has ever faced in world history. It has local as well as global impacts and almost all the ethnic groups, communities, and geographical locations are exposed to it [Stern (2006)]. But comparatively developing countries are more exposed to the changes which are taking places due to climate [Stern (2006) and Barker (2008)]. The degree of their exposure which has a number of determinants varies across different regions [Karen, et al. (2004)]. Climate experts so far have proposed two broader solutions for this problem; mitigation of climate change by reducing the amount of emitted carbon from atmosphere, and adaptation to climate changes [Tompkins and Adger (2005) and Becken (2005)]. Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is dealing with climate change mitigation. It is the milestone towards global carbon mitigation efforts [Miriam, et al. (2007)]. This protocol has resulted in the establishment of carbon markets by adopting the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Pakistan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and implemented it in 2005. To ensure the smooth functioning of carbon trading business in Pakistan, CDM related infrastructure was developed. Mainly this includes the establishment of CDM Cell in Pakistan, but a number of private consultancies also came into being with the emergence of this mechanism.

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Yuan, Donghai, Lipeng Zheng, Yuan Cao, Xufeng Mao, Xueju Huang, Liansheng He, Junqi Li, and Mingshun Zhang. "Study on Clean Development Mechanism, Quantitative and Sustainable Mechanism." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/765472.

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Aiming at the system and market problem of clean development mechanism (CDM), this study is carried out to establish the feasibility of certified emission reduction (CER) quantitative evaluation method and reserve mechanism in host country at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) level. After the introduction of CER quantitative and sustainable mechanism, the amount of CER that can enter the market was cut to a quarter, which reduces about 75% of the expected CER supply. Market CER from the technology types of higher CER market share and lower support for sustainable development appears to have different degrees of reduction. As for the technology types of lower CER market share and higher support for sustainable development, the amount of market CER is maintained in line with prevailing scenario, and market CER supply becomes more balanced.

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Winkler, Harald, Ogunlade Davidson, and Stanford Mwakasonda. "Developing institutions for the clean development mechanism (CDM): African perspectives." Climate Policy 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2005.0516.

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Winkler, Harald, Ogunlade Davidson, and Stanford Mwakasonda. "Developing institutions for the clean development mechanism (CDM): African perspectives." Climate Policy 5, no. 2 (January 2005): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2005.9685551.

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BEGG, KATHERINE, GARY HAQ, MICHAEL CHADWICK, and TIIT KALLASTE. "IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR JOINT IMPLEMENTATION AND THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 03, no. 01 (March 2001): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333201000571.

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The 1992 Climate Change Convention aims to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are instruments which allow countries with high marginal costs of abatement to participate in emission reduction projects in countries with lower marginal abatement costs with the incentive of gaining carbon credits for the reduction of GHGs. The environmental benefits sought by the Convention relate mainly to he mitigation of climate change. However, consideration should also be given to other potential environmental, economic and social effects of JI/CDM projects on the local population and host country. This paper discusses the need for integrating environmental and social considerations into the JI/CDM process. It undertakes a preliminary retrospective environmental assessment of AIJ energy projects in the Czech Republic and Estonia. It also proposes support for capacity building and data collection systems in host countries, application of a simple participative scoping exercise for all projects followed by further work as necessary, upgrading of the Uniform Reporting Format for projects, and incorporation into project approval criteria.

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Spalding-Fecher, Randall. "Suppressed demand in the clean development mechanism: conceptual and practical issues." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i2a2190.

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One of the challenges of applying greenhouse gas emission accounting approaches in poor communities is that the current consumption of many household services (e.g. heating and cooking, lighting and potable water) may not reflect the real demand for those services. This could be the result of lack of infrastructure, lack of natural resources or poverty, particularly the high costs of these services relative to household incomes. The situation of ‘suppressed demand’ creates a problem for setting emissions baselines against which to compare project performance, and has negatively affected CDM project development in Africa, Least Developed Countries and other regions with very few CDM projects. Ironically, although new large-scale power plants do not have to show that they actually displace other plants (existing or new), many small-scale energy projects can only claim credit for displacing historical (very low level) emissions from households. While the CDM rules are evolving to consider suppressed demand, much more can be done to catalyse investment in these types of climate change mitigation projects in poor communities. Furthermore, making progress will require significant expert and stakeholder input to ensure that simplification is balanced with maintaining overall environmental integrity.

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Xie, Linna, Saixing Zeng, Hailiang Zou, Vivian W. Y. Tam, and Zhenhua Wu. "TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) PROJECTS: LESSONS FROM CHINA." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, Supplement_1 (January 28, 2014): S471—S495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2013.879751.

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China has become the largest host country of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the world. This article provides an assessment of international technology transfer (TT) based on 500 registered Chinese CDM projects. It reveals that the projects hosted by large state-owned enterprises (SOEs), not Hydro and Wind projects, with foreign consultants or developers, commonly involve TT. Projects located in the comparatively developed regions such as Eastern China are more likely to involve TT. The findings indicate that the mitigation potential of non-SOEs, energy efficiency (EE) and other projects, has not been fully explored in China, which can be facilitated using advanced mitigation technologies.

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Fernández, Luz, Andrea Cardoso Ventura, Jose Célio Andrade, Julio Lumbreras, and Jose Ramon Cobo-Benita. "The effect of clean development mechanism projects on human resource management practices in Brazil." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 1348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-06-2015-0380.

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Purpose The clean development mechanism (CDM) project is a cost-effective instrument to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to transfer technology and capital from industrialized to developing countries. HRM practices are important sustainable development co-benefits of CDM projects and Brazil is the third largest CDM project developer in the world. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the HRM practices declared by Brazilian CDM projects and how these practices have been, in fact, implemented by the proponents of these projects. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methodology was developed, based especially on qualitative and quantitative methods, in the Brazilian context. Findings The authors found that CDM activities are improving recruitment, human resource participation and training practices in Brazilian companies, influencing the integration of environmental management into HRM practices – green HRM. In addition, the study presents hints of interesting avenues to explore in further studies. For example, why is it that some organizations are able to change the routines associated with organizational learning and/or culture while others are not. Originality/value The overall results suggested that there is further potential within GHG emissions reduction projects to improve green HRM.

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Hu, Yuan, Wenxue Zheng, Weizhong Zeng, and Hongxing Lan. "The economic effects of clean development mechanism afforestation and reforestation project: evidence from China." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 13, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-02-2020-0015.

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Purpose Forestry carbon sink (FCS) is not only an important measure to deal with the current global climate change but also an effective way to build an ecological civilization. As an important form of implementation of FCS, the afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean development mechanism (CDM A/R) have important functions such as ecological protection and economic growth. This paper aims to evaluate the short-term and long-term impact of CDM on the county economy and its impact mechanism. Design/methodology/approach This paper first uses propensity score matching to match the county (treatment group). Second, this paper uses difference in difference to estimate the net effect of CDM A/R project on county economic development to reduce estimation error. Finally, the impact mechanism of implementing CDM A/R project on county economic development was tested. Findings The CDM A/R project has significantly promoted the development of real gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita real GDP in the region. Because of the long project cycle, this promotion is not immediate in the short term and has an obvious hysteresis effect. The longer the implementation time, the greater the promotion of the local economy will develop. The results are robust after the robustness test that uses the single-difference method. The CDM A/R project has promoted local economic growth by optimizing the local industrial structure, increasing the regional capital stock and raising the regional government’s fiscal revenue and expenditure. Originality/value This paper provides a critical overview of the relationship between clean development mechanism and local economic development.

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Galbieri, Rodrigo, and André Felipe Simões. "Road-rail intermodality and the Clean Development Mechanism." International Journal of Energy and Environment 15 (November 25, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91012.2021.15.13.

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The approval of methodologies involving the transportation sector confronts methodological concepts that hinder the eligibility of such projects as Clean Development Mechanism, mainly because it is a segment whose emissions come from mobile sources. The verification of additionality and monitoring of emissions, in principle, can be regarded as some of the key barriers to fit transportation sector projects into the CDM framework. This paper discusses these issues and examines, in particular, the road-rail intermodality. Since the partial replacement of cargo transport via trucks by wagon trains presents a great potential for mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases, this paper also analyzes the characteristics that a project involving road-rail intermodality must possess in order to be approved by the Executive Board of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It also analyzes the main difficulties that such a project might face.

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나희량. "CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) Business in Southeast Asia:Its Implementation and Implications." Southeast Asian Review 23, no. 2 (June 2013): 97–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.21652/kaseas.23.2.201306.97.

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Hai Tung, Mai. "THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) PROCE- DURE AND IMPLEMENTATION IN VIETNAM." Vietnam Journal of Hydrometeorology 2019, no. 2-1 (October 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36335/vnjhm.2019(2-1).1-11.

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Nedergaard, Peter. "The political economy of the clean development mechanism (CDM) governance system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 22 (February 1, 2009): 222013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/22/222013.

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Lo, Alex Y., and Ren Cong. "Emission reduction targets and outcomes of the Clean Development Mechanism (2005–2020)." PLOS Climate 1, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): e0000046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000046.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows developing countries to earn carbon credit units by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Here we assess the emission reduction outcomes of the CDM between 2005 and 2020. The analysis covers 3,311 CDM projects hosted by 79 countries and over 10,000 Monitoring Reports. We identify which host countries and project types departed from original forecasts more. Overall, the total amount of actual emission reductions was 16% below the targets envisaged by project proponents. Emission reduction projects consistently under-performed over the year, but performance varied between and within regions. Industrial HFCs and N2O projects exceeded their targets, whereas landfill gas and methane avoidance projects under-performed by larger margins. Economic gains were unevenly distributed. Estimated revenues relative to GDP were higher for larger emerging economies, and disproportionately smaller for the deprived members of the Global South. Four host countries (China, India, South Korea and Brazil) not only dominated the market, but also gained an advantage from the higher carbon prices before 2012. Least Developed Countries had their carbon credits issued in more recent years when prices were much lower. The results show an imbalance in economic outcomes and raise questions about the effectiveness and equity of this Kyoto mechanism. Weak targets under Paris Agreement could intensify these challenges.

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Zhang, Lu, Run He Shi, and Jing Wang. "Applying Remotely Sensed Data to Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1258.

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"Kyoto Protocol" came into force on the February 16th, 2005. It introduced rules on the responsibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emission so as to alleviate and deal with problems caused by climate change. Among the three fulfillment mechanisms in "Kyoto Protocol", the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the only one related to developing countries. As one of the most important developing countries in the world, it is urgent for China to make rational use of the CDM to support its high-speed economic development. At this point, nation-scale carbon related data are critical. This paper introduced the acquisition of soil, vegetation and land use/land cover data at a large scale using remotely sensed data and the simulation of carbon sink/source by means of ecosystem models. Remotely sensed data play an important role in the extraction of qualitative and quantitative information for CDM related researches and activities.

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Park, Jiyoun. "The clean development mechanism (CDM) as a financial platform for North Korea's development." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 23, no. 3 (April 15, 2018): 496–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2018.1431080.

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Montaud, Jean-Marc, and Nicolas Pecastaing. "Does Mexico benefit from the Clean Development Mechanism? A model-based scenario general equilibrium analysis." Environment and Development Economics 21, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x15000169.

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AbstractSince 2000, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol has included southern countries in the fight against climate change by encouraging northern countries to make environmentally friendly direct investments at the lowest cost in these developing nations. Although CDM investments have enjoyed great success, the question of the contribution of these investments to the development of the host countries remains insufficiently explored. This paper offers a computable general equilibrium model-based scenario, describing the potential economic and environmental impacts of CDM investments for Mexico. As modelled in this study, these investments should generate both additional demand for activities that produce the fixed capital goods required for their implementation and environmentally friendly technological changes in the production process for the electricity sector. The numerical simulations reveal the growth potential and important fund of development represented by the CDM for Mexico; however, they show that the environmental impact also appears broadly mixed and dependent on both the nature of the sectors it affects and the intensity of the technological change it generates.

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Thomas, Sebastian, and Paul Dargusch. "Engaging with carbon markets: the Libya case." Journal of Political Ecology 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v18i1.21704.

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Climate change and the emerging carbon-constrained economy of the 21st Century present new challenges and opportunities for countries of the Middle East and North Africa. This paper discusses the potential for Libya to participate in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the main flexibility mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, which is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable development. The paper considers the interaction of Libya's history and socio-cultural characteristics with global policy dynamics and economic forces. Libya's geography presents considerable potential in terms of CDM project opportunities, yet key developments would be required before these could be exploited. The nature of Libya's political system and social structures suggest that these developments are unlikely to occur while the Qadhafi regime endures, and therefore that Libya will not be able to engage successfully with the CDM and international mitigation activities in the short term. However, the CDM represents a means to implement capacity building and technical development programs, which will be integral components of reconstruction strategy in the aftermath of the dramatic events of early 2011.Keywords: Libyan energy policy; Clean Development Mechanism; political ecology; socio-economic reform; Kyoto Protocol.

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Kuninori, Morio, and Masayuki Otaki. "A Theoretical Inquiry of the Offset Mechanism in Mitigating Global Warming: Economic Welfare Implications of the Clean Development Mechanism Investment." Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n1p76.

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This study attentively examines the role of the offset mechanism like the Clean Develop Mechanism (CDM) in mitigating global warming problems and considers its economic welfare implications in a theoretical offset environment. The CDM is a kind of offset trading scheme of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions between advanced and developing economies. Formulating the essence of the offset market into a simple model, we interpret the right to trade CO2 emissions at an ideal price as rewards to advanced economies for investing in more CO2 saving technologies and/or factories in developing economies. Our model shows that under some conditions the CDM can succeed in suppressing CO2 emissions and become a second-best measure to mitigate global warming. Nevertheless, we also clarify that the prices of carbon offset in advanced economies are not generally sustainable without the help of the outside agencies such as the governments. This fact suggests that offset mechanism like the CDM incurs an additional burden, such as taxes to advanced economies for preserving the scheme, although the resultant transfer evidently equalizes the international income distribution.

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Sari, M. S., Hadiyanto, and F. Muhammad. "Flare gas recovery as one of the clean development mechanism (CDM) practices." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 200 (November 26, 2018): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/200/1/012023.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)'

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