Academic literature on the topic 'Clay Products Company'
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Journal articles on the topic "Clay Products Company"
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Wilson, Ian Richard. "The constitution, evaluation and ceramic properties of ball clays." Cerâmica 44, no. 287-288 (August 1998): 88–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69131998000400002.
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Ball clay is a fine-grained highly plastic, mainly kaolinitic, sedimentary clay, the higher grades of which fire to a white or near white colour. The paper will review the origin of the term "Ball Clay" and the location and origins of several deposits with particular emphasis on the mineralogical, physical and rheological properties which make the clays so important in ceramics bodies. Particular attention will be paid to the well known bay clay deposits of Devon and Dorset in southwest England, which are mined by ECC International Europe and Watts Blake Bearne & Company PLC, and brief descriptions from elsewhere in the world of ball clays from the United States, Germany, Czech Republic, Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and China. The evaluation of deposits will be covered along with a description of the main types of ball clay for ceramics with details of the mining, processing and blending techniques which are necessary to ensure long term consistency of products. A brief description in given of the ceramic properties of some Brazilian ball clays. The location of some ball clay deposits is shown in Fig. 1.
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Dong Hongguang, Hu Ruizhong, and Gao Lehong. "Portfolio Analysis on China-Clay Products in an Old Coal Mining Company of china." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue2.16.
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Prasetio, Murman Dwi, Rais Yufli Xavier, Haris Rachmat, Wiyono Wiyono, and Denny Sukma Eka Atmaja. "Sentiment analysis on myindihome user reviews using support vector machine and naïve bayes classifier method." International Journal of Industrial Optimization 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijio.v2i2.4449.
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The strength of the company's competitiveness is needed because the current industrial development is very rapid. It is necessary to maintain the quality and quantity of the products produced according to company standards. One of the companies that must maintain the quality and quantity is PT. XYZ is a clay tile company. The classification of products used by this company to maintain good quality is three classes: good tile, white stone tile, and cracked tile. However, quality control based on classification still uses the traditional way by relying on sight. It can increase errors and slow down the process. It can be overcome with artificial visual detectors. It is a result of the rapid development of automation. So to detect defects, this research can use image preprocessing, supervised learning algorithms, and measurement methods. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used in this study to perform classification, while feature extraction on clay tiles used the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method. The algorithm is made using python, while for image retrieval, raspberry pi is used. The linear kernel on the SVM algorithm is used in this study. The conclusion in this study obtained 86.95% is the highest accuracy with a linear kernel. It takes 10.625 seconds to classify.
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Miyagawa, H., W. A. Chiou, and I. M. Daniel. "TEM Sample Preparation of Polymer Based Nanocomposites using Focused Ion Beam Technique." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 946–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030804.
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Recently, several studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of polymer based composites reinforced with clay particles, which can remarkably improve the properties of the polymers. Studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are necessary to understand the role of clay minerals/particles in the reinforcing effect in the polymer based materials. TEM sample preparation of polymer/clay nanocomposites using conventional techniques has been difficult and tedious. Nevertheless, the focused ion beam (FIB) technique for preparing metal and ceramic samples provides another method for preparing polymer nanocomposite samples. This paper presents a new approach for preparing TEM specimens of the polymer nanocomposites using the FIB technique.Two types of epoxy (Dow Chemical Company, DER 331) nanocomposite samples were investigated: one containing 7.5 wt.% organomontmorillonite clay (Southern Clay Products Inc., Cloisite 30B) and the other (carbon fiber reinforced plastics; CFRP) containing carbon fibers (Hexel Fibers, AS4) in addition to 5 wt. % clay. Details of preparing the epoxy based clay nanocomposites will be published elsewhere. Procedures for preparing TEM thin sections using FIB were based on techniques developed by Ramirez de Arellano et al.
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Kulisz, M., J. D. Zhumabekova, E. B. Firsova, Z. A. Aubakirova, and G. A. Zhairbaeva. "Implementation of the quality management system in the enterprise producing bentonite clay." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 141, no. 4 (2022): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2022-141-4-127-139.
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In the developed countries of the world, the problem of quality improvement occupies a leading place in ensuring the competitiveness of products and services, building new relationships between consumers and producers, and meeting material needs, social interests, and spiritual demands, especially in production and industrial engineering. With the entry of Kazakhstan enterprises into international markets and the opening of the Kazakh market for the goods of foreign firms, the problem of product quality has become a priority for domestic producers. Currently, there are problems in the implementation of the quality management system in Kazakhstan. Accordingly, the article discusses the problems of implementing a quality management system in the example of a company producing bentonite clay in Kazakhstan. The methods of observation, analysis, and synthesis, as well as the technique of interview with the head of the quality group, were used for the research. As a result of the research, the management system introduced in this enterprise was discussed, and the problems observed during the system implementation were presented, as well as recommendations for the company.
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Terent ’ev, A. F., P. A. Karpets, and L. P. Yakovleva. "Production of taphole clay in the conditions of JSC «DINUR»: from the idea to the development of new generation products." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES) 1, no. 7 (November 26, 2022): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2022-7-9-12.
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The production of taphole clays in the conditions of JSC «DINUR» has passed a long and problematic way during 25 years, many significant milestones have been overcome. The continuous improvement of formulas and production technology allowed the company to become the main Russian manufacturer of this type of products and to move from the concept of a unified composition to an individual approach, depending on the specific operation conditions of a particular blast furnace. Ill. 4. Tab. 1.
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García León, Ricardo Andrés, Eder Norberto Flórez Solano, and Carlos Humberto Acevedo Peñaloza. "Physical-ceramic characterization of clays used in the manufacture of mansory products for construction." Respuestas 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.1680.
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Nowadays, in Colombia, specifically in the north-eastern, in Santander region, the process of mixing the ceramic paste used to manufacture masonry products for construction (H- 10 bricks, tiles, roof tiles, etc.) is done manually. For this reason, approximately 70% of the companies do not possess the technological tools which facilitate the prediction of the behavior of the raw material (clay). The main objective of this research is to formulate mixtures at a laboratory-level in order to verify the physical properties of ceramic raw materials used by a company which was takenas a sample. The research development was carried out through the execution of tests and laboratory analysis, taking into account the formulation of mixtures with the help of Statgraphics Centurion XV software in order to obtain combinations of raw materials according to the requirements of the current standard techniques. The results demonstrate the importance of using statistical programs for the improvement of systems and processes, predicting the behavior of raw materials as well as conducting pilot tests, taking into account the laboratory analyses in the ceramic industry. Conclusions: The results show that the mixture combinations obtained have the necessary parameters to meet the current standards such as resistance and absorption, which will optimize the economic and physical resources of the company, as well as the quality of the final product.
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Gadelshin, R. N., P. V. Ponomarev, A. R. Kurbangaleeva, Yu N. Khakimullin, and Svetoslav Isaakovich Volfson. "Effect of Organoclay on the Properties of Vulcanized Siloxane Rubber of the Brand SKTFV-803." Key Engineering Materials 816 (August 2019): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.816.114.
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The effectiveness of the use of the organoclay of the Cloisite 30B brand of the Southern Clay Products company (USA), which is a Na+-montmorillonit, modified by methylalkyldi (2-hydroxyethyl) ammoniumchloride, and of the organoclay of the Katamin AB, produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise CNIIgeolnerud (Russia), modified by alkylbenzyldimethylammoniumchloride on the properties of vulcanized dimethylphenylvinylsiloxane rubber of the brand SKTFV-803 was studied. It was established that the adding of organoclay in the amount of 5 parts by weight in siloxane rubber increased heat resistance, slightly reduced the swelling index in toluene, and, most importantly, was not impair the frost resistance of obtained siloxane HYPERLINK "https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=598817_1_2&s1=%F0%E5%E7%E8%ED%E0" vulcanizates.
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Araslanova, Lyaysan, Elena Kuznetsova, Irene Tuktarova, and Alexey Nazarov. "Development of oil product contaminated wastewater treatment technology using sorbents based on mining waste." E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101030.
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One of the most common types of ecotoxicants is oil products - unidentified group of oil hydrocarbons and products of its processing. In this regard, the development of technology for obtaining new highly efficient and inexpensive sorbents for wastewater treatment from oil products (including industrial waste) is an urgent problem. In this paper, the technology of wastewater treatment includes the use of composite sorbents based on tails-waste of Uchalinsky (UW) and Buribaevsky (BW) mining and processing plants (MPP), mica quartzite (MQ) of the Baymak field and montmorillonite clay (MC) and sodium humates (SH) obtained from waste of Tulgan brown coal. Using these sorbents, we investigated the efficiency of these sorbents in model wastewater treatment contaminated with oil from the Vozeyskoye oilfield of LLC Usinsk Neftegaz and real wastewater of “Bashneft” Ufa Oil Company. It is shown that the efficiency of treatment and the rate of adsorption of model wastewater containing oil products (8-50 mg/dm3) increases in a number of sorbents MQ < BAU < BW (UW) + MC < BW (UW) + MC+SH (BAU is a comparison sorbent - activated carbon) and reaches a maximum for MPP coated with SH. For real wastewater containing oil products of Ufa refinery (3-625 mg/l) adsorption activity increases in the number of MQ < MQ + MC < BW + MC < UW + MC. Thus, the most effective sorbents for real and model wastewater containing oil and oil products are sorbents based on waste from Uchalinsky MPP in the composition of MH (degree of purification 96.1 %), as well as sorbent: waste UW (BW) + MC modified SH (98.1 and 98.2 %, respectively).
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Peñaloza Isidro, Leidy Katherine, Oscar Orlando Ortiz Rodriguez, and Jorge Sánchez Molina. "Study of the carbon footprint in a ceramic production process in the metropolitan area of Cucuta." Respuestas 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.1741.
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The experimental process was proposed in order to establish the viability of substituting part of the mineral fraction used at present (clayey material) by residues of combustion processes (ashes) of coal in thermoelectric, as an element to reduce the carbon footprint of the process of production of ceramic products, without altering the quality, properties and functionality of the final product. The study focuses on the specific case of a brick-making company in the metropolitan area of Cúcuta, and on the substitution of 10% of the raw material (clay) for ashes from the thermoelectric plant, for the production of ceramic blocks. The analyses carried out establish an energy saving derived from the use of 10% fly ash equivalent to 997.12Kg of Norte de Santander coal per burn. The results determine that, in the case of brick production, the annual reduction of emissions associated with the production process, with the use of ashes from the thermoelectric, would be 849.48 tons of CO2. Thus, the carbon footprint is reduced by 16.39kgCO2equiv/t finished product, which represents a decrease of 5.99% of the carbon footprint compared to the conventional process.
Books on the topic "Clay Products Company"
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Sogner, Knut. Norway's Pharmaceutical Revolution. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869005.001.0001.
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Abstract The academic–business effort of a handful of primarily large nations—the United States, Germany, Great Britain, Switzerland, and France—culminated in the 1930s and 1940s in a number of potent new therapeutics that created, with subsequent new products over the next decades, what is known as “the pharmaceutical revolution.” This was to a great degree based on academic–business collaboration and proved difficult to accomplish for other large nations like Japan, China, India, Italy, Spain, and Russia, not to mention smaller nations. However, companies in the smaller Scandinavian countries were able to join the group of pioneering nations in a narrow band of products and become original contributors to the pharmaceutical revolution. This book highlights the particular difficulties of the Norwegian experience that counted one major breakthrough and which shows just how challenging it was to join the elite countries in pharmaceuticals. The small and traditional generics company Nyegaard & Co. succeeded only in 1969 with the breakthrough of a new principle for X-ray contrast media. Until the 1960s, it had been distracted and hindered by the national drugs policy. The research success can largely be attributed to corporate competence and corporate initiatives to exploit the Scandinavian rather than the Norwegian medical ecosystem. And the subsequent innovations were made commercial successes through the building of international partnerships with larger corporations. Success came at a price, though, for at the very time the commercial success was at its greatest, in the 1990s, the organization had lost its innovative claw.
Book chapters on the topic "Clay Products Company"
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Jung, Ara, and Kang Hyun Lee. "Perspective Chapter: Communication-Oriented Automobile Design by a Three-Dimensional Sculpture Educational Model: Narrowing the Gap between Company Work and Education System." In Product Design - A Manufacturing Perspective [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110203.
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As the paradigm of the automotive industry is changing, new design attempts are being developed for automotive design in various fields. Design education needs to be changed in response to this rapidly changing automotive industry. Particularly, due to the specificity of automobile design work is progressing, with clay modeling as the center point of the design process it is necessary to provide professional learning about three-dimensional sculpture. However, the current undergraduate curriculum lacks the expertise of 3D sculpture education. Based on the previous studies, related to the design background field to reduce the gap with the business, I proposed an effective method for automobile design, ascribed by a 3D sculpture educational model. First, we proposed a more practical and systematic 3D sculpture educational model that can reduce the gap between practice and education to satisfy the educational model. Therefore, this study is based on the analysis of “automotive 3D sculpture elements” in order to creatively solve various problems Second, we proposed efficient communication methods for a professional designer in the field to learn with the competence of teamwork based on the types of communication networks. Third, we further analyzed the design critique types for evaluation and feedback in class usage and suggested the most effective methods.
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Austin, Emily A. "Foodies, Dinner Parties, and Wine Snobs." In Living for Pleasure, 191–201. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197558324.003.0018.
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Abstract This chapter explores the Epicurean commitment to shared dining and celebration. While Epicurus has suffered some neglect as a philosopher, his reputation as a foodie seems secure. The Roman Philosopher Seneca once derided the Epicureans as a “shade-loving clan of philosophizing banqueters.” Epicurus’ name on a sign in France means “fancy food here.” Yet for Epicurus, the point of communal eating is to bring people together, not to showcase our culinary talents or exceptional taste. The Epicureans dined together whether they ate beans or exotic cheese. Focusing on the quality of the food or the setting at the expense of the company can produce the counterproductive result of keeping us from relishing, or even initiating, the joyful pleasure of social dining.
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Egnal, Marc. "The Post-Industrial Econon1y, 1975 to the 1990s." In Divergent Paths, 178–99. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195098662.003.0011.
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Abstract Picture Tel, with headquarters in Danvers, Massachusetts, is the model of success in the post-industrial economy. It was started in 1984 by two twenty-two-year-old students, Jeffrey Bernstein and Brian Hinton, who attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. By the early l 990s Picturise was the largest maker of videophones in the U.S., with sales of over $100 million and a market value of $170 million. The giant AT&T had been working for many years on sending pictures over phone lines, when Bernstein and Hinton figured out how to do it better. Norman Gaut, chief executive officer of Picturise and another MIT graduate, explains: “No big company had the gumption to do what we did. Nobody had the guts but us.” Bernstein stayed on as Picturise expanded, becoming in his early thirties a blue-jean clad “corporate guru.” Hinton went off to California to start still another high-tech company, Polycom. The founders of Picturise were the quintessential entrepreneurs of the Information Age: they were highly skilled, products of one of the great U.S. universities, and able to respond to market demand in a way that the large corporations could not. Not coincidentally, they were located in the Northeast, an area that flourished in this new economy.
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"Front Matter." In Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Mapping—Practices and Standards, FM1—FM8. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp24178s.
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Maps, remote sensing imagery, and geographic information systems (GIS) have become increasingly important in providing essential data for solving problems related to ground water contamination, water resources management, construction, land use, waste management, minerals exploration, transportation routing, and environmental site characterization. STP 1126 is a valuable resource for those who are considering using these three elements, as well as for advanced users. 26 peer-review papers cover standardization, and applications (general technology; soil and geologic engineering; and ground water and environment). The papers, written by an interdisciplinary and international group of engineers and scientists, provide: a multidiscipline overview of applications; professional discussions and commentary on applications, including successful (as well as unsuccessful) case histories; and an understanding of needs and directions for standardization. For civil engineers, environmental engineers, scientists, GIS professionals, photogravmetry and remote sensing specialists, and geohydrologists. Also for land planners and policy makers using GIS. 4 Homogeneous Soils with Known Physical Property Values and A Range of Acceptable ASTM Test Results for 6 Commonly Used ASTM Physical Property Soils Tests The ASTM Committee D18 Reference Soils and Testing Program has produced the following NEW ASTM Product. These ASTM REFERENCE SOILS are available in 5 gallon color-coded buckets representing a wide range of soil types typically encountered in geotechnical and environmental industries. • FAT CLAY (CH) • LEAN CLAY (CL) • SILT (ML) • POORLY GRADED SAND (SP) SOIL SUMMARY ANALYSIS SHEETS, containing the limits of acceptable test results for the ASTM physical property tests performed using the applicable reference soils are included with each bucket of soil. The Use of ASTM Reference Soils Allows You To: • Perform the related tests, compare the results with their known property values, and see if your answer(s) fall within the range of acceptable results. • Use as a teaching aid in soil testing course work. • Monitor technicians, equipment, and overall laboratory performance on a routine basis. • Facilitate and validate internal laboratory quality control programs, which should impact customer satisfaction and future contract work. • Train new lab technicians or evaluate both field and on-site laboratories. • “Document” your testing capabilities. • Use to pre-qualify your lab to bid on contract work. • Improve or refine existing methodology or to benchmark new procedures under development. • Conduct other research when a homogeneous, well-characterized soil sample is needed. Note: For participants in laboratory accreditation programs, the ASTM Reference Soils are valuable tools for establishing a verifiable QC program for our accreditation body to consider. Order all four at a discounted price. For more details, search our Web site for SOILCS. Table of Contents The increasing globalization of the aluminum industry has led to the demand for an English-language version of the Aluminum-Taschenbuch, the Aluminum Handbook. Aluminum-Taschenbuch was first published over 50 years ago and this newest edition reflects the harmonization of standardization, a consequence of that globalization. This volume is the first of three to be published. Volumes two and three will follow later in 2000 and 2001 respectively. Volume 1 on Fundamental and Materials is now available from ASTM and addresses subjects such as: • Extraction • Properties of aluminum • Phase diagrams • Alloy systems • Properties of aluminum • New alloy developments • Oxidation and corrosion • Materials testing and quality assessment and more.
Conference papers on the topic "Clay Products Company"
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Lemmens, Karel, Marc Aertsens, Véra Pirlet, Hélène Serra, Elie Valcke, Pierre De Cannière, and Pierre Van Iseghem. "Measurement of Glass Corrosion in Boom Clay Disposal Conditions." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1286.
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Abstract To estimate the life-time of vitrified high level waste (HLW-glass) in geological disposal conditions in Boom Clay, the dissolution behaviour of waste glass has been studied in experiments in surface laboratories and in the HADES underground research facility of SCK•CEN since the 1980’s. The programme consists mainly of dissolution tests. The purpose of these tests is to understand the basic glass dissolution mechanisms, and to demonstrate realistic long-term dissolution rates. The main experimental variables are glass composition, environmental materials, temperature, and test duration. The studied glasses are the COGEMA glass R7T7, and the PAMELA glasses with SM539, SM527 and SM513 glass frit. The environmental materials comprise Boom Clay, metallic corrosion products and engineered barrier materials. Dissolution tests have been performed at temperatures from 40 to 190°C, for test durations from days to several years. The tests are performed with inactive glasses, which can be doped with radionuclides of interest. Because of the importance of silica sorption by the environmental materials, the dissolution test programme was extended with silica diffusion- and sorption tests in Boom Clay and FoCa clay. The interpretation of the experimental results is supported by geochemical and kinetic modeling. In the area of kinetic modeling, both analytical and Monte Carlo codes are applied. The dissolution tests have demonstrated that, although the presence of Boom Clay initially increases the glass dissolution rate, the long-term dissolution rate decreases for diluted clay / clay water slurries. This decrease has not yet been demonstrated for the R7T7 glass in compact Boom Clay, but is expected to occur here also on the long term. The dissolution rate decreases faster after sufficient addition of glass powder to the medium. This was tested in experiments with the R7T7 glass at relatively high clay concentration (2000 g of humid Boom Clay per liter clay water, this is about half the solid/liquid ratio of compact Boom Clay), at 40 and 90°C. Linear interpolation of the long-term mass losses resulted in dissolution rates of ∼ 0.01 g.m−2.day−1. The statistical uncertainties on the dissolution test results did not allow to demonstrate smaller rates. The minimum statistically significant dissolution rate depends on the test conditions. Therefore, the present SCK•CEN programme includes dissolution tests at long-term near-field conditions (this is at 30°C, with compact Boom Clay and FoCa clay), which are considered more representee for the long-term situation. In view of the uncertainties on the experimental long-term dissolution rates and on the long-term dissolution mechanisms, rates smaller than 0.01 g.m−2.day1 (about 1 μ/year) should not be used as best estimate in the present performance assessment studies for disposal in Boom Clay. A constant dissolution rate of 0.01 g.m−2.day−1 would correspond to a dissolution time for a R7T7 glass package of approximately 150 000 years. The minimum dissolution time is of the order of 104 years.
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Liang, Lei, Yanling Wang, Bin Liu, Yongfei Li, Longhao Tang, Baojun Bai, and Ye Zhang. "Synthesis and Application of a Low Formation Damage Clay Stabilizer." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200039-ms.
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Abstract To develop a low formation damage clay stabilizer, a kind of organic polyether amine clay stabilizer (OPACS) was synthesized. Compared with the commercial clay stabilizers, the application performance of the OPACS was investigated. OPACS was synthesized with 1, 2-propanediol, 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane and ammonia as main raw materials. The molecular structure of OPACS were characterized by FTIR and NMR, and its anti-swelling performance was tested by centrifugation. Other performance, including its temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, elution resistance and etc., were also researched. Different permeability cores were used to test the formation damage of OPACS, and its anti-swelling mechanism was studied by SEM. The FTIR and NMR spectra showed that the expected product structure was synthesized. When the clay stabilizer was adding with 2.0 wt.%, the anti-swelling rate of OPACS was over 90% which was better than the commercial clay stabilizers (about 80%) we bought. At the temperature range of 20 °C-120 °C and the pH range of 2-12, the anti-swelling rate of OPACS changed less than 2.5%. In the long-term efficacy test, the elution recovery rate of OPACS was higher than 92% within the concentration between 0.5 wt.%-3.0 wt.%. Natural cores with different permeability were selected for core flow experiments. The test results showed that the permeability recovery rate of cores were more than 95% treated with OPACS, which meant the formation damage value was less than 5%. From the SEM of clay treated with different clay stabilizers, we could find out the structure of clay treated with OPACS was more compact than those treated with other stabilizers we bought. These results have shown that OPACS can effectively inhibit the water absorption swelling of clay and recovery formation damage, which are helpful to the EOR and friendly to the environment.
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Dai, Xiang, and Xinrong Cao. "Reactivity Hold-Down Technique for a Soluble Boron Free PWR Using TRISO Particle Fuel." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15275.
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TRISO coated particle, developed for HTGR initially, has advantages of nuclear proliferation-resistance and fuel integrity against the release of fission products. In this paper, a 350MWt small sized PWR core design utilizing TRISO fuel concept is presented. TRISO particles are dispersed in graphite matrix to form the fuel compact, and then the fuel compact is clad by Zircaloy-4 cladding to form a fuel rod. The graphite matrix increases thermal conductivity of fuel compact, so that the fuel average temperature would be well below conventional PWRs’. In order to simplify reactor design, operation and maintenance, soluble boron free concept while operation is introduced. The emphasis of the study is put on the reactivity hold-down technique for the 350MWt PWR core. Excess reactivity is suppressed through a combination of Pu-240 adding with Gd2O3 loading. Pu-240 is added into UO2 fuel kernel of some assemblies, and Gd2O3 rods are loaded in other assemblies. The non-fissile plutonium isotope Pu-240 has a considerably high thermal neutron capture cross section compared to U-238, so that the Pu-240 added fuel can greatly suppress excess reactivity over burnup. Besides, reactor core life would be extended by adding proper amount of Pu-240 for its converting into Pu-241 which is a fissile isotope. Combining Pu-240 adding with Gd2O3 loading, the designed core reaches an average core burnup of approximately 58GWD/t, as well as a core life of nearly 6EFPY.
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Ghanizadeh, A., C. R. Clarkson, A. Bader, B. Tutolo, A. Younis, and M. Shabani. "Critical Elements Extraction from Flowback and Produced Water: From Lab to Field." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218053-ms.
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Abstract Flowback and produced water (FPW) from multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) are possible sources of critical elements (CE) from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. The objective of this study is to compare temporal variations of CE (Li, Mg) concentrations in FPW at lab- and field-scales, with examples from prominent Canadian unconventional hydrocarbon plays. A secondary objective was to evaluate whether CE could be extracted (i.e. ‘leached’) from reservoir rocks by FPW. Quantifying elemental leaching is important for reserves evaluation and identifying the relative importance of mechanisms contributing to CE enrichment in FPW (e.g., fluid mixing vs. fluid-rock interaction). High-temperature (150 °C), high-pressure (2200 psi) fluid-rock interaction experiments were conducted on three crushed-rock Montney (siltstones/sandstones) and Duvernay (organic/clay-rich shales) samples with variable composition, fabric, and reservoir quality. Time-lapsed fluid analysis (+30 days), using spectroscopy and ion chromatography (ICP-OES/IC) enabled observations of Li and Mg concentration profiles at the lab-scale. Lab-scale Li and Mg concentration profiles were then compared to post-fracture Li and Mg concentration profiles from multiple MFHWs completed in the Montney and Duvernay formations (public data). At the lab-scale, maximum measured Li concentrations for the Montney and Duvernay samples were 0.27 mg/L and 0.53 mg/L, respectively. Maximum lab-scale Li recoveries were significantly (about two orders of magnitude) smaller than those measured in the field (28-72 mg/L for the Montney wells, 26-54 mg/L for the Duvernay wells). This could be attributed to the 1) dominance of the fluid mixing mechanism in the field, relative to fluid-rock interaction, 2) variable rock-water mass ratios at lab and field scales, and/or limited (initial) content of Li in the analyzed samples, amongst other factors. Lab-scale Li and Mg concentration profiles exhibited similarities to and discrepancies with those observed in the field. Notably, larger Li concentrations (up to twice) were associated with lower pH, in agreement with field observations. Interestingly, lab-scale Li and Sr concentrations appear to co-vary for the Duvernay FPW, in agreement with field observations, suggesting the possibility of using Sr as a ‘proxy element’ for predicting Li anomalies in the Duvernay FPW. Quantifying temporal evolution of CE concentrations in FPW is essential for evaluating the feasibility of CE recovery from MFHWs and the selection of optimal Li extraction technologies over the well lifetime. This study provides the first-time comparison between lab- and field-scale temporal variations of CE concentrations in FPW for the purpose of evaluating CE extraction from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.
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Bass, B. Richard, Paul T. Williams, Terry L. Dickson, and Hilda B. Klasky. "Assessment of a Stress-Free Temperature Model for Residual Stresses in Surface Cladding of a Reactor Pressure Vessel." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65255.
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This paper describes further results from an ongoing study of a simplified engineering model that is intended to account for effects of clad residual stresses on the propensity for initiation of preexisting inner-surface flaws in a commercial nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The deposition of stainless steel cladding during fabrication of an RPV generates residual stresses in the cladding and the heat affected zone of the under-lying base metal. In addition to residual stress, thermal strains are generated by the differential thermal expansion (DTE) of the cladding and base material due to temperature changes during normal operation. A simplified model used in the ORNL-developed FAVOR probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) code accounts for the clad residual stress by incorporating a stress-free temperature (SFT) approach. At the stress-free temperature (Ts-free), the model assumes there is no thermal strain, i.e., the thermal expansion stresses and clad residual stresses offset each other. For normal cool-down transients applied to the RPV, interactions of the latter stresses generate additional crack driving forces on shallow, internal surface-breaking flaws near the clad/base metal interface; those flaws tend to dominate the RPV failure probability computed by FAVOR. In a previous report from this study (PVP2015-45086), finite element analysis was used to compare the stresses and stress-intensity factors (SIF) during a cool-down transient for two cases: (1) the existing SFT model of FAVOR, and (2) directly applied RPV clad residual stress (CRS) distribution obtained from empirical (hole-drilling) measurements made at room temperature on an RPV that was never put into service. However, those analyses were limited in scope and focused on a single flaw orientation. In this updated study, effects of CRS on the SIF histories computed for both circumferential and axial flaw orientations subjected to a cool-down transient were determined from an extended set of finite element analyses. Specifically, comparisons were made between results from applying CRS experimental data to ABAQUS two-dimensional, inner-surface flaw models and those generated by the FAVOR SFT model. It is demonstrated that the FAVOR-recommended SFT value of 488 °F produces conservatively high values of SIF relative to the use of CRS profiles in the ABAQUS models. For the vessel and flaw geometry and transient under study, the circumferential flaw (360° continuous) required a decrease of SFT down to 390 °F to match the CRS SIF histories. For the infinite axial flaw model, a decrease down to 300 °F matched the CRS SIF histories. Future plans are described to develop more general conclusions regarding the FAVOR model.
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March, Philippe, Bruno Biard, Christelle Manenc, Fre´de´ric Payot, Claude Gaillard, Je´roˆme Guillot, Michel Janot, et al. "First Results of the Phebus FPT3 Test." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89432.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary overview of the phenomena observed during the experimental phase of the PHEBUS Fission Product Test FPT3. This experiment was the last in the series of 5 in-pile integral experiments performed by IRSN in the PHEBUS facility operated by the CEA on the site of Cadarache. Unlike the previous tests, FPT3 used boron carbide as absorber material instead of silver-indium-cadmium, so varying an important parameter impacting physico-chemical phenomena. FPT3 test course was in agreement with the pre-defined test protocol, including a 8,5-day irradiation phase, a fuel bundle degradation phase which lasted less than 5 hours and a 4-day long-term phase that consisted of an aerosol stage dedicated to the analysis of aerosol deposition mechanisms inside the containment vessel and a chemistry stage devoted to the analysis of the iodine chemistry. During the experiment, both the on-line instrumentation and the periodic samplings worked quite well. The fuel degradation progress could be analysed through both temperatures inside the bundle and gaseous concentration measurements performed in the circuit and inside the containment vessel. Some major events, like fuel clad and absorber rod failures or material relocations, were clearly correlated to both bundle and circuit instrumentation signals. The post test non destructive examinations of the fuel bundle (X-radiography, X- and γ-tomographies and γ-scanning) allowed to compare FPT2 and FPT3 bundle final degradation states. On-line γ-detector measurements coupled with numerous post test gamma-counted sequential samplings help for the characterization of the iodine behaviour inside the containment vessel during the degradation and the long term phases. The whole set of measurements appears self-consistent and provides new data for the iodine solubility inside the sump, the iodine gaseous fraction and the organic versus molecular iodine distribution inside the containment atmosphere.
Reports on the topic "Clay Products Company"
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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.
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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.
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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.