Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Clay intercalation / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Clay intercalation'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Clay intercalation.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Clay intercalation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Ullah, Hameed, and Ahmad Imtiaz. "Morphological Evaluation of Variously Intercalated Pre-baked Clay." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The use of porous materials is enjoying tremendous popularity and attention of the advance scientific communities due to their excellent adsorptive and catalytic activities. Clays are one of the most important candidates in the porous community which shows the above mentioned activities after modifing with a different intercalating agent. The paper is focused on the infiuence of some inorganic intercalating agents (NaOH) on the morphology of the variously intercalated clay samples. The alkali metal was used as the inorganic intercalating agent. The effect of intercalation temperature, intercalation agent concentration and intercalation time on the pre-baked clay morphology were also part of the study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was performed to evaluate the morphological changes of the resultant intercalates. Different morphological properties were improved significantly in the case of the inorganically modified clay samples. Thus, such intercalations are suggested to be effective if the clays under study are to be used for different industrial process at elevated conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Heydari, Abolfazl, and Hassan Sheibani. "Fabrication of poly(β-cyclodextrin-co-citric acid)/bentonite clay nanocomposite hydrogel: thermal and absorption properties." RSC Advances 5, no. 100 (2015): 82438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra12423a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Pannirselvam, Muthu, R. K. Gupta, S. N. Bhattacharya, and Robert A. Shanks. "Intercalation of Montmorillonite by Interlayer Adsorption and Complex Formation." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.295.

Full text

Abstract:

Clays are essentially composed of crystalline particles of one or more members of a small group of minerals. The ability of clays to intercalate certain organic substances has been known for a very long time. There is a scope in these clay structures for isomorphous replacement, that is, for substitution of Na+ by cations of similar size but usually of lower valency. This research aims at identifying suitable additives for pretreatment of clay and determining the effect of different classes of compounds (intercalants) on the d-spacing expansion of clay layers. This paper addresses a different approach to ion exchange for treatment of sodium montmorillonite, with different functional groups: aldehyde, ether, alcohol, glycol, and stearates. The results were compared with commercially available clays, Cloisite 25A and Cloisite 30B (Southern Clay Products), which are montmorillonite (MMT) clays intercalated with quaternary ammonium salts. The d-spacing increment in this research was consistent with the d-spacing achieved in commercially available clays. Future research will be to utilize the treated clay to produce polymer composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Cao, Xiao Chun, Yi Qin, Yan Na Zhao, and Kun Ke. "Basic Performance Research of Polymer Intercalation Clay." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.183.

Full text

Abstract:

Using the preliminary research of the polymer properties, the different between the physical and chemical properties of new polymer-clays nanometer composites and clay have been studied. Different polymers are used to evaluate experiment. Based on a large number of lab experiments, the changes of rheological property and API filtration property of polymer-clay drilling fluids nanometer composites are studied. The results show that clay particles could become smaller and the composites drilling fluid have the role of controlling loss and enhancing cake quality. The prepared composites could be used to solve the technical problems in drilling fluid.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Trubača-Boginska, Anna, Rūta Ādiņa, Guntars Vaivars, and Janis Švirksts. "A Study on Acidification and Intercalation of Illite Clay Minerals and their Potential Use as a Filler in SPEEK Composite Membranes." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.186.

Full text

Abstract:

The acidification and intercalation of illite containing clays were studied for potential use as fillers for sulphonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) composite membrane preparation and future proton exchange membrane fuel cells application. The acidification and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intercalation of illite clays have been studied by powder X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. SPEEK composite membranes were made with 1, 3 and 5% purified, acidified, DMSO intercalated clay fillers. SPEEK/clay composite membranes were characterized by proton conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical strength.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Solin, S. A. "CLAYS AND CLAY INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS:Properties and Physical Phenomena." Annual Review of Materials Science 27, no. 1 (August 1997): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.89.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Iminova, R. S., Sh N. Zhumagalieva, M. K. Beisebekov, Zh A. Abilov, and G. A. Mun. "Structure and swelling of polymer-clay composites." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 11, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj283.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Composition gels on the basis of bentonite clay of Manrak deposit (East-Kazakhstan region) and nonionogenic polymers - poly-2-hydroxyethyl-acrylate and polyacrylamide were synthesized by radical intercalative polymerization in situ with various content o f cross-linking agent N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide and with time of intercalation about 8 hours. The morphological structure, the nature of interaction of components and the swelling ability of composition gels were studied by scanner electron microscopy, equilibrium swelling and IR- spectroscopy methods. By studying of morphological structure it was determined, that the polymer-clay composition gels, synthesized by intercalative polymerization, are most homogenous and interconsistency in case of “acrylamide-clay” composition in contrast with “2-hydroxyethylacrylate-clay” composition. For “acrylamide-clay” gels the swelling degree of gels was stated to decrease with the increase in the content of cross-linking agent and ionic strength, but “2-hydroxyethylacrylate -clay” compositions have the extremely character of swelling, where maximum degree of swelling account for gel with content of cross-linking agent 1*10<sup>-2</sup>М. Interaction of composition components was realized on account of hydrogen bonds with formation of chemically cross-linked complex polymer-clay. Decrease of swelling degree of compositions in physiological solution points to acquisition of polyelectrolyte nature of composition gels on account of combination of nonionogenic macromolecules of polymers with negatively charged particles of bentonite clay. For intercalated samples of polymer-clay compositions, the degree of swelling at all degrees of cross-linking is between those for pure polymers and pure clay, that in turn, agrees with the conclusion on the great composition homogeneity of samples with preliminary intercalation. As of results of holding investigation fit is safe to say, that obtained polymer-clay composition gels are potential sorbents and prolongated carriers of medicine</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Moma, John, Jeffrey Baloyi, and Thabang Ntho. "Synthesis and characterization of an efficient and stable Al/Fe pillared clay catalyst for the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol." RSC Advances 8, no. 53 (2018): 30115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05825c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wiratama, Ristiya Adi, Eko Hanudin, and Benito Heru Purwanto. "Intercalation and calcination as methods to reduce expansive soil properties." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.46735.

Full text

Abstract:

The expansive ability of soil causes a series of problems in various sectors. The dominance of smectite clay minerals significantly affects expansive ability because they have an unstable interlayer structure. Cation intercalation and calcination is a treatment method that can increase the stability of the clay interlayer structure. This research investigated the effects of intercalation cations and calcination treatment on the swelling ability and cracking properties in the clay from vertisols; the cations used for intercalation were aluminum and iron. The intercalation tested doses were based on the equivalent weight of 0x, 0.5x, and 1x cation exchange capacity (CEC) clay value. The calcination treatments used were 200°C, 300°C, and no calcination. Each treatment interaction was repeated three times. Parameters observed were the total area, average crack width, average lump area, total number of lumps, moisture content, swelling volume, and pH after treatment. The results showed that each treatment had a significant effect. Clay with an Al intercalation dose of 1x CEC without calcination treatment had the highest total area after drying, which was 41.035 cm<sup>2</sup>; the lowest average crack width was 0.153 cm, and the smallest swelling volume was 3.6 cm<sup>3</sup>. In contrast, the clay without intercalation and calcination treatments had a swelling volume up to 10 cm<sup>3</sup> on the 7<sup>th</sup> day. The clay with an Al intercalation dose of 1x CEC with 200°C calcination exhibited the best results in reducing the expansive clay ability and can be used as a guideline for further testing to reduce the soil’s expansive ability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zeng, Xiong Feng, Wen Li Zhang, and Ying Na Zhao. "Rheological Property of Intercalated Modification Clay." Key Engineering Materials 591 (November 2013): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.26.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, the clay was intercalated with polyacrylic acid, and then studied the influences of intercalation on rheological property of ceramic billet. The study indicated that the intercalation changed the properties of clay interlayer domains, such as the interlayer bonding water, the content of free water and the bonding force between the layers, etc. The plasticity index of ceramic billet increased significantly when the amount of intercalation is more than 3.0 wt. The plasticity index increased from 1.09m·N to 4.19m·N when the additive is 5.0wt, increased by 383%. And also its yield strength has improved significantly, the fracture pressure increased from 100N to 600N. These phenomena indicate that the machinability of billet improved significantly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Chen, Guangming, Nobuo Iyi, and Taketoshi Fujita. "Preparation and characterization of poly(tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine)/clay hybrids via intercalative polymerization." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 2 (February 2003): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0061.

Full text

Abstract:

New noncovalent bonding polymer/clay hybrids were prepared, including the polymer poly(tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) (poly-TMPD). Polymerization occurred in the interlayer space of clay mineral successively after intercalation of monomers. Two types of clay minerals with different surface properties—a hydrophilic lithium fluorotaeniolite (TN) and four kinds of organophilic fluorotaeniolites (org-TNs)—were used as the hosts. Powder x-ray diffraction results showed an increase of 0.7–1.0 nm in the basal spacings, indicating the formation of poly–TMPD in the interlayer space of the hosts. Intercalative polymerization was also supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The orientation of the poly-TMPD and thermal behavior were also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Chiu, Chih-Wei, Ting-Kai Huang, Ya-Chi Wang, Bryan G. Alamani, and Jiang-Jen Lin. "Intercalation strategies in clay/polymer hybrids." Progress in Polymer Science 39, no. 3 (March 2014): 443–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chen, Biqiong, and Julian R. G. Evans. "Preferential Intercalation in Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108, no. 39 (September 2004): 14986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp040312e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Souza, Michelle A., Nelson M. Larocca, Edcleide Maria Araújo, and Luiz Antonio Pessan. "Preparation and Chracterization of Nanocomposites of Polyamide 6/Brazilian Clay with Different Organic Modifiers." Materials Science Forum 570 (February 2008): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.570.18.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanocomposites of PA6 / organoclay at different concentration were prepared via melt intercalation method using a corotating twin screw extruder. The composites were prepared with Brazilian clay that was treated with different modifiers based on quaternary ammonium salts to obtain three types of organoclays. After extrusion the mixtures were injection molded into specimens that were tested to obtain the properties of tensile strength, notched izod impact and heat deflection temperature. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by x-rays diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the modifier “dodigen” which promoted the intermediate expansion of the bentonite clay within the three salts used for the modification of the clay affects more significantly the mechanical properties, HDT and morphology of the polyamide 6 due to the higher level of exfoliation observed in these systems compared to the others modifiers. The improvement of the properties was correlated to the level of exfoliation/intercalation obtained which depends on the process technique used, surface treatment of the Brazilian clays with organic salts and interaction between polymer and clay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Zhang, Wen Li, Xiong Feng Zeng, Miao Zhang, and Shao Ran Sun. "Intercalated Modification of Suzhoutu." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.396.

Full text

Abstract:

Different molecular weights of polyacrylic acids were prepared through change the molar ratio of acrylic acid (monomer), sodium bisulfate (chain transfer agent) and potassium sulfate (initiator). Using polyacrylic acid as the intercalation agent, the intercalation method was applied to Suzhoutu modification. The paper researched the affections of intercalation agent’s molecular weight on fluidity, thixotropy, absorption rate and plasticity of pulp. The changes in the interplanar spacing of clay were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that appropriate molecular weight of the polymer intercalation agent has little effect on the interlayer structure of Kaolinite, while the effect is obvious to Illite, and processability of the clay was significantly improved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kalaivasan, N., and S. Syed Shafi. "Synthesis of Various Polyaniline / Clay Nanocomposites Derived from Aniline and Substituted Aniline Derivatives by Mechanochemical Intercalation Method." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 4 (2010): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/364680.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyaniline clay nanocomposite can be prepared by mechano-chemical method in which intercalation of anilinium ion into the clay lattices accomplished by mechanical grinding of sodium montmorillonite (Na+MMT) in presence of anilinium hydrochloride at room temperature using mortar & pestle for about 30 min and subsequent grinding with oxidizing agent, ammonium peroxysulfate. The appearance of green colour indicates the formation of polyaniline/clay nanocomposite (PANI/Clay). Similarly aniline derivatives likeo-toludine ando-anisidine in the form of HCl salt can form intercalation into the clay lattices. The intercalated aniline derivatives were ground mechanically in presence of oxidizing agent ammonium peroxysulfate lead to formation of substituted polyaniline/ clay nanocomposites. The characteristics of various polyaniline-clay nanocomposites were investigated using UV-Visible, FT-IR, cyclic voltammetry studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Shen, Zhiqi, George P. Simon, and Yi-Bing Cheng. "Comparison of solution intercalation and melt intercalation of polymer–clay nanocomposites." Polymer 43, no. 15 (July 2002): 4251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00230-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Wen, Shi-Jie, Xiao-Tian Yin, and L. Nazar. "The New Phenomenon of Lithium Electrochemical (De)Intercalation in Mineral Clay Materials and Their Potential Application in Rechargeable Batteries." Active and Passive Electronic Components 16, no. 3-4 (1994): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/68435.

Full text

Abstract:

A new phenomenon of Li electrochemical (de)intercalation on the pure mineral clay materials has been evidenced for the first time. These tests are initialized by the idea of putting an electronic conducting polymer or a multi-valent metal oxide in the layer of the clay to modify the electronic properties and also to modulate the charge and discharge potential of the clay during the Lithium electrochemical (de)intercalation processing. In this paper, as the beginning of our research, we will first show the results of Lithium electrochemical charge and discharge processes on pure clay materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

De Souza Santos, P. "The Use of Clay Particle Morphology Studies to Characterize Industrial Clay Deposits: Examples from Brazil." Clay Minerals 28, no. 4 (December 1993): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1993.028.4.05.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe use of transmission electron microscopy in association with other methods is described for the characterization of Brazilian industrial clays, especially kaolinitic-halloysitic clays. Examples are presented from: (a) tubular 7 Å-halloysites and the characterization of mixtures with ordered and disordered kaolinites in residual china clays; (b) tubular kaolinitic clay from Piedade, São Paulo; (c) platey 10 Å-halloysite from Poģos de Caldas, Minas Gerais; (d) rolled forms similar to 10 Å-tubular halloysite formed by repeated K Ac intercalation in well ordered kaolinite; (e) use of particle shape and size of kaolinite crystals in the São Simão, São Paulo ball clays as orientation for good sanitaryware ball clays; (f) characterization of gibbsite crystals in high alumina gibbsite/kaolinite clays; (g) antigorite as a clay mineral; (h) electron optical studies of thermal phase transformations involving tubular kaolinite, halloysites, antigorite, chrysotile, talc and pyrophyllite mono crystals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Silva, C. D., J. M. R. Figueiredo, I. D. S. Pereira, J. M. Cartaxo, G. A. Neves, and H. C. Ferreira. "Study of Process Variables for Organofilization of the Bentonite Clay from Cubati, Pb." Materials Science Forum 820 (June 2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.30.

Full text

Abstract:

Bentonite clays, after treated with surfactants, are called organofilic clays. The objective of this work is the development of organofilic clays, using ionic surfactants, based on a variety of smectite from Cubati, PB, for application in organic media. The following materials were used: Superior Gray bentonite clay from the town of Cubati, PB, Brazil, and the ionic surfactants Praepagen WB® and Praepagen HY®. The clay was characterized with basis on the granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (AG), chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and thermal differential (DTA). The clay was processed and then turned into sodic and later into organofilic clays. The results prove that there was intercalation of the ionic surfactant into the clay fraction, and that the process variables did not affect the organofilization process, but the surfactant type has influence on the process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Liu, Xiaohui, and Qiuju Wu. "Polyamide 66/Clay Nanocomposites via Melt Intercalation." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 287, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20020301)287:3<180::aid-mame180>3.0.co;2-t.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Kato, Makoto, Arimitsu Usuki, and Akane Okada. "Synthesis of polypropylene oligomer?clay intercalation compounds." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 66, no. 9 (November 28, 1997): 1781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19971128)66:9<1781::aid-app17>3.0.co;2-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Chaudhary, D. S., R. Prasad, R. K. Gupta, and S. N. Bhattacharya. "Clay intercalation and influence on crystallinity of EVA-based clay nanocomposites." Thermochimica Acta 433, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2005.02.031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Okada, Tomohiko, Yusuke Watanabe, and Makoto Ogawa. "Photoregulation of the intercalation behavior of phenol for azobenzene–clay intercalation compounds." J. Mater. Chem. 15, no. 9 (2005): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b412707b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wang, Xiaolong, Baolin Liu, and Peizhi Yu. "Research on the Preparation and Mechanism of the Organic Montmorillonite and Its Application in Drilling Fluid." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/514604.

Full text

Abstract:

The study focused on the relation of structure, property, and application of composite prepared by organic cation intercalated montmorillonite (Mt). Herein a new kind of green and steady ionic liquid, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride monohydrate (C12mimCl), was chosen as the intercalated agent. This study used molecular dynamics (MD) modeling to examine the interlayer microstructures of montmorillonite intercalated with C12mimCl. The C12mimCl intercalation was relatively fast with a large rate constant. The process was affected by the initial concentration of the solution; the basal spacing increased to 2.08 nm after intercalation. The coordination of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding expelled water molecules out of the clay gallery and bound the layer together, which led to the dehydration of clay. The intercalation of C12minCl into Mt interlayer space affected rheology of the system and improved various properties. This organic clay composite was environmentally friendly and could be used in drilling fluid system. These models provided insights into the prediction of synthesized organic cationic-clay microstructure and guidelines for relevant engineering applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Greco, Antonio, C. Esposito Corcione, and Alfonso Maffezzoli. "Water Vapor Permeability of Clay Nanocomposites Based on Amorphous PET." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.422.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work nanocomposites based on amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETg) were developed using melt intercalation. X-ray analysis performed on the PETg nanocomposites showed that intercalation and exfoliation took place during static mixing. The water vapor permeability of PETg nanocomposites was correlated to the volume fraction of the impermeable inorganic part of the omMMT.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ray, Sudip, and Anil K. Bhowmick. "Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Montmorillonite Clay-Polyacrylate Hybrid Material and its Effect on the Properties of Engage-Clay Hybrid Composite." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547656.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Clay-Polyacrylate hybrid material was prepared from Montmorillonite (M) clay and polytrimethylol propane triacrylate (PA) using intercalation polymerization process. Characterization of the composite was done by x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) techniques. The results show the successful intercalation of PA in the M moiety. The MPA hybrid material was then blended with a polyolefin elastomer, Engage. Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties were measured on the polymer-filler composite and the results showed interaction between the treated clay and the base polymer. There was a significant improvement in modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break of the base polymer as compared to the composite prepared with the untreated clay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kumar, Arun, Satyam Modi, Artee Panwar, Daniel Schmidt, Carol M. F. Barry, and Joey L. Mead. "HIGHLY IMPERMEABLE NANOCOMPOSITES OF BROMINATED BUTYL RUBBER WITH MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE CLAY." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 87, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.14.86929.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Incorporation of nanoclays in vulcanized rubber can enhance the barrier and mechanical properties, with the aid of intercalation, exfoliation, or both. Achieving a high degree of dispersion such as intercalation and exfoliation is critical for obtaining optimal properties. In this work, a stepwise approach was developed to disperse the natural montmorillonite (MMT) clay modified with a quaternary ammonium salt in brominated butyl rubber (BIIR). The solvent intercalation method followed by mechanical shear was used to effectively intercalate/exfoliate the MMT bundles. Special consideration was given to effectively remove the solvent from the solvent intercalated master batch. The nanocomposites fabricated using this technique showed a high degree of intercalation and exfoliation along with improved barrier, dynamic mechanical, and mechanical properties. This improvement in properties offers an opportunity for this material to be used in high-end applications requiring improved mechanical as well as barrier properties; an example is a thinner tire inner liner with reduced hysteresis, lower running temperatures, and reduced fuel consumption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Sin, Sau Leng, Jatin Nitin Kumar, Hui Ru Tan, Chaobin He, Ye Liu, and Jianwei Xu. "The Effect of Different Clay Dispersion Methods on the Properties of Polyurethane/Clay Nanocomposites." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 9 (2013): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13145.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyurethane/clay (PU/clay) nanocomposites were synthesised using polymerisation and dispersion blending methods. The intercalation and exfoliation properties of the PU/clay nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. Clay intercalation of polymerised PU/nanocomposites was achieved and the interlayer spacing of clay was greatly enlarged from 17 Å to ~30 Å. Expansion in d-spacing was also observed for PU/clay nanocomposites prepared using dispersion methods. PU/clay nanocomposites prepared from dispersion of clay particles in the prepolymer matrix, followed by chain extension reaction, showed much high molecular weight and significant improvement in mechanical properties as compared with PU/clay nanocomposites produced using polymerisation or a simple high speed blending method in which clay was blended into the PU matrix. For PU/clay nanocomposites prepared using the blending method, high speed dispersion of 2 % clay in PU resulted in approximately a two-fold increase in the Young’s modulus. Further increase in the clay loading from 2 to 6 % made the corresponding nanocomposite polymer films more rigid and stiffer. This study shows that PU/clay nanocomposite properties are highly dependent on the preparation methods and provides useful guidelines for the future design and preparation of PU/clay nanocomposites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ogunmodede, O. T., O. L. Adebayo, and A. A. Ojo. "Enhancing Adsorption Capacity of Clay and Application in Dye Removal from Waste Water." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 39 (October 2014): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.39.35.

Full text

Abstract:

Natural clay has been considered as a potential absorbent for removing pollutants from water and waste water. Nonetheless, the effective application of clay for water treatment is limited due to small surface area and presence of net negative surface charge, leading to it low adsorption capacity. The absorption capacity was boosted via intercalation of CaO derived from snail shell (SS). The methylene blue sorption potential, PZC, and the surface area of unmodified clay sample were substantially enhanced by the intercalation process. The process of sorption of MB from solution was analyzed using five different isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harkins-Jura, and Halsey isotherm equations). The value of the Langmuir monolayer sorption capacity qm (mg/g) increased from 50.12 to 88.71, PZC values increased from 4.50 to 7.40, and the surface area (m2/g) value increased from 27 m2/g to 123 m2/g after the intercalation process. The experimental data were fitted into two kinetic models: Lagergren pseudo-first order and the chemisorptions pseudo-second order. It was observed that chemisorptions pseudo-second order kinetic model described the sorption process with high coefficients of determination (r2) better than pseudo first other kinetic models. The modification caused no change in the clay surficial microstructure but increased the lattice spacing of the clay framework.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Barbosa, R., E. M. Araújo, T. J. A. Melo, E. N. Ito, and E. Hage. "Influence of Clay Incorporation on the Physical Properties of Polyethylene/Brazilian Clay Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18259.

Full text

Abstract:

High density polyethylene/Brazilian clay nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation technique. A montmorillonite sample from Boa Vista/PB, Northeast of Brazil, was organically modified with esthearildimethylammonium chloride (Praepagen WB) quaternary ammonium salt. The unmodified and modified clays with the quaternary ammonium salt were introduced in 1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% in a PE polymer matrix. The dispersion analysis and the interlayer distance of the clay particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of tensile and the flammability of the nanocomposites were studied. In general, the mechanical properties of the systems presented superior values compared to the matrix. The systems showed a reduction on the burning rate, indicating that the flammability resistance of nanocomposites was improved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Samal, S. K., S. Mohanty, and S. K. Nayak. "Thermal, Morphological and Dynamic Mechanical Characterization of Melt Blended PC Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.275.

Full text

Abstract:

Polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation technique in an intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Both unmodified (Na+MMT) and organo-modified (Cloisite 10A & OMMT) clays were used for the preparation of nanocomposites. The effect of addition of clays on the morphological and dynamic mechanical properties of PC matrix has been studied. The wide angle X-ray (WAXD) studies reveal a dominated exfoliated morphology of the nanocomposites at a clay content of 5%. The intercalated morphology is predominated upto clay content of 3%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the co-existance of intercalated/exfoliated morphology in all the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows an increase in storage modulus indicating higher stiffness in case of organomodified clay filled composites as compared to unmodified & virgin matrix.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Elkhalifah, Ali E. I., Mohammad Azmi Bustam, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Sami Ullah, Biruh Shimekit, and Nadia Riaz. "Effects of Intercalated Mono-, Di- and Triethanolammonium Cations on the Structural and Surface Characteristics of Sodium Form of Bentonite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.98.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study investigates the effects of intercalation process of protonated primary, secondary and tertiary amines on structural and surface characteristics of sodium form of bentonite clay. For this purpose, sodium form of bentonite clay was prepared and then exchanged with mono-, di-and triethanolammonium cations via intercalation mechanism into the interlayer space of the clay. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD and BET techniques. An increase in the d-spacing of bentonite clay with the molar mass of amines was observed in their x-ray diffractograms, following the order of: triethanolamine > diethanolamine > monoethanolamine. The BET results showed a gradual decrease in the BET surface area with the increase in the molar mass of amines used. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the molar mass of amines has significant effects on structural and surface properties of bentonite clay.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lagaly, G., and K. Beneke. "Intercalation and exchange reactions of clay minerals and non-clay layer compounds." Colloid & Polymer Science 269, no. 12 (December 1991): 1198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00652529.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Lin, Wei, Chang An Wang, and Yong Huang. "Preparation of Nano-Laminated Composite by Electrophoretic Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1825–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1825.

Full text

Abstract:

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been widely studied in preparing clay-modified electrodes (CMEs) and in assembly of nano-laminated composite that mimics nacre. In this paper, the hydrothermal intercalation and EPD were combined to prepare CMEs with a uniform and continuous polymer/clay composite film of brick-and-mortar nano-laminated structure. X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis were employed to characterize the structure and composition of the films. Stability of aqueous suspension, temperature for hydrothermal intercalation and deposition time, etc. were systematically studied and discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Meftah Elgubbi, Hana, Siti Salhah Othman, and Farah Wahida Harun. "Modification of kaolinite clay using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a surfactant: Preparation and characterization." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i4.31088.

Full text

Abstract:

Natural kaolinite clay from Perak, Malaysia with cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 2.5 meq/100g was modified using cationic surfactant, benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEA-Cl), at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the CEC. A number of techniques, namely energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption-desorption were then used for characterization of the kaolinite and/or organo-modified kaolinite clays. The presence of alkyl groups as a result of successful intercalation of cationic surfactant within the organo-kaolinite layers of the clay was exhibited by the FTIR spectra. The SEM microphotographs exhibited good dispersion of the natural clay particles and slight agglomeration in the organo-modified clay particles. XRD patterns showed that the d001 spacing of the natural kaolinite clay increased from 7.12 Å to between 7.20 - 7.34 Å for the organo-modified clays. Following the BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique, all clay samples were of Type IV with narrow hysteresis loops. Surface areas of the clays showed drastic decrease from (25.34 m2/g) for natural kaolinite clay to between 5.90 - 13.11 m2/g for organo-modified clays. The results suggested that modification of natural kaolinite clay using cation surfactant had successfully occurred. The modification can therefore be further applied for alteration and improvement of the properties of natural clays for various industrial applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Sánchez-Valdés, Saul, and M. L. López-Quintanilla. "Polyethylene-Clay Nanocomposites Using Ionomeric Compatibilizer." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1399.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanocomposites made of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and two different types of clays were obtained and studied by using zinc neutralized carboxylate ionomer as a compatibilizer. Two different clays, natural montmorillonite (Closite Na+) and a chemically modified clay Closite 20A has been used. Nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder using two mixing methods: two-step mixing and one-step mixing. The relative influence of each compatibilizer was observed from structural analysis by WAXD, and mechanical properties. Experimental results confirms that the film samples with ionomer showed good mechanical performance and that the two step mixing conditions resulted in a better dispersion and intercalation for the nanofillers than one step mixing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Erdmann, Eleonora, Marcos Lopes Dias, Victor Jayme Roget Rodriguez Pita, Fernanda Monasterio, Delicia Acosta, and Hugo Alberto Destéfanis. "Effect of the Organoclay Preparation on the Extent of the Intercalation/Exfoliation and the Barrier Properties in Polyamide-6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 570 (February 2008): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.570.78.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper shows the importance of the clay surface chemistry in the preparation of nanocomposite materials. An Argentinean montmorillonite was used for preparing two modified clays. The filosilicate was intercalated with a quaternary ammonium salt derived from ε- caprolactam to obtain an organofilic material. The other modification was introduced by mixing the clay with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Thus, the polyamide 6 ability in dispersing clays was applied to prepare composites with the intercalated clays. The polyamide 6/clay dry composites with 3 wt % of filler were prepared by melt processing in a mixer chamber. Composites of polyamide 6/organoclay were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The barrier properties were determined by cyclohexane pervaporation. The results show that the dispersion and degree of delamination depend on a proper chemical treatment and the clay content influences the polyamide 6 nanocomposites solvent pervaporation resistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

ZAGALO, Al-hadj Hamid, Maurice KWEKAM, François NGAPGUE, and Idriss Goudja TCHERE. "Textural and Petrographic Characterization of the Soil of Amtiman (South-East Chad)." Earth Science Research 7, no. 1 (November 25, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v7n1p67.

Full text

Abstract:

The textural and petrographic characteristics of the soils of the city of Amtiman and their behavior on swelling and shrinkage are presented here.The soils of the town of Amtiman (Chad) have a predominantly clay texture and the clays are mainly exposed on the surface. The results of this work include characterizing the type of clay present in the city. These are the heterogeneous layers of clayey soils consisting mainly of surface-bound illites but also of kaolinite intercalation at depth.These results suggest that the phenomenon of shrinkage of the clays (Illite and kaolinite) of the city of Amtiman is very low and that this city belongs to the sedimentary basin of Salamat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wen, Shi-Jie, Xiao-Tian Yin, and L. Nazar. "The New Approach of Intercalation Material for The Application of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries." Active and Passive Electronic Components 17, no. 1 (1994): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/95740.

Full text

Abstract:

A new approach of lithium electrochemical (de)intercalation material has been put forward. This approach requires a two-compound (physically or chemically) composite in which one is a chemically and electrochemically stable and porous (tunnel, cage, layer, etc.) compound such as clay or zeolite, and the other is a chemically and electrochemically stable and metallic compound such as graphite, metal powder or black carbon. Neither does the redox couple in this composite absolutely exist nor does the redox reaction, which is associated with electrochemical charge and discharge processes when this composite is used as an cathodic electrode in a lithium battery cell. In this paper, we show the results of the lithium electrochemical intercalation process in both black carbon-mixed zeolite and clay electrodes. In these solid electrodes, black carbon serves to delocalize (transport) electrons for balancing the charges while zeolite and clay offer the neutrally reversible sites for lithium ions. This approach can hopefully become a guide for the designing of new intercalation material and so will be very important in the application of the lithium rechargeable battery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

OKADA, Tomohiko. "Intercalation of Organic Compounds into Layered Clay Minerals." Oleoscience 14, no. 5 (2014): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.14.189.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Liu, Xiaohui, and Qiuju Wu. "PP/clay nanocomposites prepared by grafting-melt intercalation." Polymer 42, no. 25 (December 2001): 10013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00561-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Giannelis, Emmanuel P., and Thomas J. Pinnavaia. "Intercalation of metal cluster complexes in smectite clay." Inorganic Chemistry 24, no. 22 (October 1985): 3602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00216a025.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Park, Man, Chan Yong Kim, Dong Hoon Lee, Choong Lyeal Choi, Jyung Choi, Sung-Reol Lee, and Jin-Ho Choy. "Intercalation of magnesium–urea complex into swelling clay." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 65, no. 2-3 (March 2004): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.09.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Zhao, Qian, and Edward T. Samulski. "Supercritical CO2-Mediated Intercalation of PEO in Clay." Macromolecules 36, no. 19 (September 2003): 6967–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0349682.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Takagi, Katsuhiko, Toshio Kurematsu, and Yasuhiko Sawaki. "Intercalation and photochromism of spiropyrans on clay interlayers." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, no. 10 (1991): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p29910001517.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Montarges, Emmanuelle. "Intercalation of Al13-Polyethyleneoxide Complexes into Montmorillonite Clay." Clays and Clay Minerals 43, no. 4 (1995): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1995.0430404.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Matthieu, D. E., M. L. Brusseau, G. R. Johnson, J. L. Artiola, M. L. Bowden, and J. E. Curry. "Intercalation of trichloroethene by sediment-associated clay minerals." Chemosphere 90, no. 2 (January 2013): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.061.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Khan, Ahmad Nawaz, Aneela Hayder, and Wei-Tsung Chuang. "Mechanism of Intercalation Extent in Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 40, no. 12 (September 4, 2015): 3373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1845-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Sargolzaei, J., M. Tavakol, and Akbarabady. "Effect of MMT Clay Content on Thermal Behaviour of MDPE/MMT Nanocomposite." Advanced Composites Letters 19, no. 5 (September 2010): 096369351001900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351001900502.

Full text

Abstract:

The thermal stability of medium-density polyethylene (MDPE)/Montmorillonite nanocomposite was studied by TGA and DSC methods in a wide range of temperature. The dispersion of the MMT clays on microscopic scales was examined using a Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mass loss from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study decomposition temperature in a temperature range from room temperature to 800 °C and DSC was used to probe melting and crystallization in a temperature range from room temperature to 300°C. Simultaneous TGA made possible to show that non modified MMT clay and MMT clay modified with alkyl ammonium salt exhibit a significant stabilizing effect on MDPE macromolecules in air atmosphere and DSC shows natural MMT and MMT clay modified with alkyl ammonium salt exhibit a significant change in melting, crystallization, enthalpy and crystalline content of samples. TEM image shows uniform dispersion and intercalation of MMT clays in nanocomposites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!