Journal articles on the topic 'Clay figurines Research'
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1
Biruta Loze, Ilze. "Small anthropomorphic figurines in clay at Ģipka Neolithic settlements." Documenta Praehistorica 32 (December 31, 2005): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.32.11.
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Miniature Neolithic figurines in clay are a special topic of research. This especially concerns areas where their representation has so far been poor. While carrying out archaeological excavations in Northern Kurzeme, the north-west coastal dune zone of Rīga Bay, a ritual-like complex was recovered at Ģipka A site belonging to the local Culture of Pit Ceramics. It consists of several large and smaller fireplaces and pits, with the finds of fragmentary clay figurines recovered under the palisade that surrounded the settlement. The head and body of the miniature anthropomorphic figurines in clay have original modelling. It is possible to single out two types of figurine: with rather broad cheekbones, and oval modelling of face. The large amount of ochre found in the settlement and the purposeful breaking of figurines are evidence of their role during a rite. Clay figurines have a symbolic meaning, and the signs depicted on them, incised walking stick-shape and other motifs, are the symbols of early farmers.
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Kim, Dabin, and Gyoengseon Min. "A Facet of Geumgwan gaya society through their Clay Dolls." Yeongnam Archaeological Society, no. 84 (May 30, 2019): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2019.84.31.
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Clay Dolls, which means a doll made of earth, was excavated from the Silla area, mainly in Gyeongju. Accordingly, research on clay figurines in Silla has been carried out actively and it would not be too much to say that it was mostly Silla’s clay figurines which have been mostly studied so far. The study of clay figurines of Gaya has been relatively slow, probably due to the fact that the cases of excavations are very limited. Recently, various types of clay figurines have been excavated from the presumed royal palace site of Geumgwan Gaya under the excavation and investigation by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Earlier in Gimhae, a variety of clay figurines, including character clay figurines, were excavated in an excavation to create a site for a hanok living experience center. Based on these new data, this paper tries to infer the different characters, roles and significance of clay figurines in Gaya society, by studying various kinds of clay figurines excavated from Geumgwan Gaya territory. Bonghwang-dong, which is believed to be the center of Geumgwan Gaya, is a complex of relics including living facilities, hospitality facilities, trading facilities, workshop sites and earthen fortresses. Various clay figurines were excavated at the main sites of Bonghwang-dong s historical site, from which that the people of Gaya used clay dolls to perform ceremonial acts there can be inferred. In Bonghwang-dong sites other than the presumed royal palace ruins, horse shaped clay dolls and the clay dolls resemble utensils used in rituals are usually found. human figured clay dolls, animal figured clay dolls, house figured clay dolls have been excavated around the presumed royal palace ruins within Bonghwang-dong site which differentiates this region from the rest of the site. Along with the presumed royal palace ruins, there is a tendency of various clay figurines being found in the other ruin in the hanok living experience center with multiple purpose relics. In conclusion, there is a possibility that clay dolls had been used to wish for the well-being of the family members by the ruling group, or the well-being of the community at importance areas like the presumed royal palace ruins and the hanok living experience center ruins. This kind of tendency is found in many ruins around the Ancient Gimhae Bay(Gogimhae-Man), which leads to an assertion that various rituals and ceremonial acts had been carried out using clay dolls throughout that area.
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Khrustaleva, Irina, and Aivar Kriiska. "Inside the Dwelling: Clay Figurines of the Jägala Jõesuu V Stone Age Settlement Site (Estonia)." Baltic Journal of Art History 20 (December 27, 2020): 11–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2020.20.01.
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Sculpted clay figurines were widespread in Stone Age Europe. Theywere common in the hunter-gatherer communities in the territoriesof Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Western and NorthwesternRussia. In these territories they were mainly associated with theComb, Pitted and Pit-Comb Ware cultures, ca 4000–2000 yearscalBC. This paper examines clay sculptures from the Jägala JõesuuV Comb Ware culture settlement site in northern Estonia, where 91fragments of figurines were found, making it the most abundantdeposits of clay figurines and their fragments in the eastern Baltic.Among them, three different types of image were distinguished:one zoomorphic (harbour porpoise) and two anthropomorphic. Allthe figurines were fragmented intentionally in ancient times, asdetermined by microscopic and experimental research. Most of thefragments were situated in the filling of a pit-house, which indicatesthat the dwelling had a sacral as well as a habitational dimension.During the research process, Stone Age clay figurines from nine moreComb Ware culture sites of Estonia and Ingria were catalogued. Thecatalogue contains 13 previously published and 21 newly discoveredinstances and radiocarbon dates taken at the sites, some of whichare being published for the first time.
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Cornell, Collin. "The Forgotten Female Figurines of Elephantine." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 18, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341296.
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Abstract In spite of renewed scholarly interest in the religion of Judeans living on the island of Elephantine during the Persian period, only one recent study has addressed the religious significance of the fired clay female figurines discovered there. The present article seeks to place these objects back on the research agenda. After summarizing the history of research, it also makes a new appraisal of the role of these objects in the religious life of Elephantine Judeans. Two factors prompt this reevaluation: first, newly found examples of the same figurine types; and second, Bob Becking’s recent research on Elephantine Aramaic texts attesting the phenomenon of “lending deities.”
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Turova, Natalia. "Clay figurine of an owl of the Lower Pritobolye." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 12 (December 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.12.37014.
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The object of this research is the clay figurine of an owl discovered in the course of archaeological excavations in the Yurtobor 9 hillfort on the right bank of the Tobol River. The goal lies in introduction of in the scientific discourse of the new unique sample of small clay plastic, as well as in preliminary determination of the functional purpose of the item. The following tasks were set: morphological and stylistic description of the item; description of the context of discovery of the figurine; establishment of the chronological framework of existence of the item, its cultural affiliation; familiarization with the history of studying the regional clay figurines in the Russian archaeological science; search for analogies in the archaeological sites of Siberia and other territories; assessment of the semantic connotation of the image of an owl in the traditional culture of Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi). To article employs the traditional methods, such as comparative-historical, typological, comparative-typological, formal-stylistic, semantic methods, as well as method of analogies. As a result of the conducted research, the clay figurine of an owl is attributed to the Yudinskaya archaeological culture and dated within the framework of the XI – XII centuries. It is established that it is the only item in Western Siberian region depicting a bird in the technique of small clay plastic. Based on the analysis of ethnographic literature and medieval archaeological finds, it is established that for a long period of time, the image of an owl had positive semantic connotation due to its high sacred status. The author assumes on the use of figurine of an owl in religious rites associated with hearth and home.
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Emerson, Thomas E., and Randall E. Hughes. "Figurines, Flint Clay Sourcing, the Ozark Highlands, and Cahokian Acquisition." American Antiquity 65, no. 1 (January 2000): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694809.
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AbstractAt the pinnacle of Eastern Woodlands’ prehistoric cultural development, Cahokia has been interpreted as a political and economic power participating in prestige-goods exchanges and trade networks stretching from the Great Plains to the South Atlantic. Among the more spectacular of the Cahokian elite artifacts were stone pipes and figurines made from a distinctive red stone previously identified as Arkansas bauxite. In this research, we used a combination of X-ray diffraction, sequential acid dissolution, and inductively coupled plasma analyses to establish the source of the raw material used in the manufacture of the red figurines and pipes that epitomize the Cahokian-style. Our research demonstrates that these objects were made of locally available flint clays. This finding, in conjunction with other evidence, indicate Cahokian exploitation of many mineral and stone resources focuses on the northern Ozark Highlands to the exclusion of other areas. These findings indicate that we must reassess the direction, extent, and role of Cahokian external contacts and trade in elite goods.
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Ignat, Theodor, Roxana Bugoi, Florin Constantin, Valentin Parnic, and Cătălin Lazăr. "Identifying the chaîne opératoire of prehistoric clay figurines using experimental archeology and imaging methods." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 48 (January 2018): 1860107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518601072.
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This paper reports the use of experimental archaeology and imaging methods—X-ray computed tomography (CT) and radiography—that were employed to decipher the manufacturing techniques of Eneolithic clay artefacts. This study was triggered by the archaeological research conducted in some tell settlements in Southeastern Romania that belong to the Kodjadermen-Gumelniţa-Karanovo VI culture (c. 4500–3900 BC). The findings reported here represent the first accounts of a recently started research project, which has as its main goal the re-creation of Eneolithic clay artefacts and the identification of the chaîne opératoire used for manufacturing these objects. In particular, X-ray imaging techniques were used as complementary methods to help understand the structure of intact Eneolithic artefacts. In a subsequent step of this research, these techniques will be employed to check for similarities between the archaeological items and modern pottery replicas created in experimental archaeology workshops.
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Facorellis, Yorgos, Marina Sofronidou, and Giorgos Hourmouziadis. "Radiocarbon Dating of the Neolithic Lakeside Settlement of Dispilio, Kastoria, Northern Greece." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17456.
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Dispilio is the only excavated Neolithic lakeside settlement in Greece. Archaeological research provided evidence that the site was continuously used from the Early Neolithic (∼6000 BC) to the Late Chalcolithic period (∼1200 BC, Mycenaean period). During several archaeological campaigns, a portion of the settlement has been excavated that enabled a sufficient understanding of the architectural layout of homes, the building materials, and the organization of space, while the finds (fragments of pottery, stone and bone tools, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic clay figurines, miniature representations of objects also on clay, animal and fish bones, charred cereal grains, and other fruits) provided information on the everyday lives of the Neolithic inhabitants. A series of charcoal and wood samples, originating mostly from the Middle and Late Neolithic layers of the site, were radiocarbon dated and their dates range from ∼5470 to 4850 BC. The most unexpected of the finds, a wooden tablet from the lake bearing engraved symbols, was 14C dated to 5260 ± 40 BC. In addition, clay tablets and pottery vessels engraved with similar symbols were also unearthed from layers dated to the same period. If this proves to be a primary source of written communication, the history of writing should be reconsidered and Neolithic societies should not be considered “societies without writing.”
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Facorellis, Yorgos, Marina Sofronidou, and Giorgos Hourmouziadis. "Radiocarbon Dating of the Neolithic Lakeside Settlement of Dispilio, Kastoria, Northern Greece." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049560.
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Dispilio is the only excavated Neolithic lakeside settlement in Greece. Archaeological research provided evidence that the site was continuously used from the Early Neolithic (∼6000 BC) to the Late Chalcolithic period (∼1200 BC, Mycenaean period). During several archaeological campaigns, a portion of the settlement has been excavated that enabled a sufficient understanding of the architectural layout of homes, the building materials, and the organization of space, while the finds (fragments of pottery, stone and bone tools, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic clay figurines, miniature representations of objects also on clay, animal and fish bones, charred cereal grains, and other fruits) provided information on the everyday lives of the Neolithic inhabitants. A series of charcoal and wood samples, originating mostly from the Middle and Late Neolithic layers of the site, were radiocarbon dated and their dates range from ∼5470 to 4850 BC. The most unexpected of the finds, a wooden tablet from the lake bearing engraved symbols, was14C dated to 5260 ± 40 BC. In addition, clay tablets and pottery vessels engraved with similar symbols were also unearthed from layers dated to the same period. If this proves to be a primary source of written communication, the history of writing should be reconsidered and Neolithic societies should not be considered “societies without writing.”
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Gorbanenko, S. A. "COLLECTIONS OF CLAY PRODUCTS FROM A PALAEOETHNOBOTANICAL POINT OF VIEW." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.01.13.
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The basis of the study is the work of N. M. Kravchenko and G. O. Pashkevych in 1985 with the addition of the author’s observations. The author analyzed options for the penetration of palaeoethnobotanical materials into the moulding compound as well as their value for interpreting these findings.
The reasons for penetration of materials to molding compound, groups of clay products and their informative value, advantages and disadvantages of this method of information gathering and further perspectives of research and interpretation were reviewed.
Plant impurities were found in most categories of clay products. Conventionally they include utensils, probable architectural details and / or «stationary» utensils, tools as well as figurines, and other products that have no practical application. According to the scheme proposed by N. M. Kravchenko and G. O. Pashkevych four factors of the penetration of plant residues into the molding compound were identified. Factor 4 «The use of vegetable impurities as a backing between the stand and the crude billet of clay product (pot, vessel)» is of the less informative value. Its value could lie in the possibility to establish the season of manufacturing of pottery due to the backing. Factor 2 «Adding grain to a molding compound for ritual purpose» now can be significantly expanded due to ordinary household items, such as large pots for grain storage, firepans / pans and even furnaces. Factor 1 «Technological technique, in which crushed plant mass was added to reduce shrinkage of products during their drying and firing» also usually does not add information about palaeoethnobotanical materials. The only factor important for statistical surveys and the establishment of the grain economy is factor 3 «Accidental ingress of grains or seeds into the molding compound during the manufacture of pottery».
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Zimmermann Kuoni, Simone. "The Obstetric Connection: Midwives and Weasels within and beyond Minoan Crete." Religions 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12121056.
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The Minoan peak sanctuaries call for systematic comparative research as an island-bound phenomenon whose significance to the (pre)history of medicine far transcends the Cretan context: they yield clay anatomical offerings attesting to the earliest known healing cult in the Aegean. The peak sanctuary of Petsophas produced figurines of weasels, which are usually interpreted as pests, ignoring their association with votives that express concerns about childbirth, traditionally the first single cause of death for women. The paper draws from primary sources to examine the weasel’s puzzling bond with birth and midwives, concluding that it stems from the animal’s pharmacological role in ancient obstetrics. This novel interpretation then steers the analysis of archaeological evidence for rituals involving mustelids beyond and within Bronze Age Crete, revealing the existence of a midwifery koine across the Near East and the Mediterranean; a net of interconnections relevant to female therapeutics which brings to light a package of animals and plants bespeaking of a Minoan healing tradition likely linked to the cult of the midwife goddess Eileithyia. Challenging mainstream accounts of the beginnings of Western medicine as a male accomplishment, this overlooked midwifery tradition characterises Minoan Crete as a unique crucible of healing knowledge, ideas, and practices.
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K., Rudenko. "Miniature Clay Products of the Imenkovo Culture in the 6th–7th Centuries AD." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 4 (December 2021): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-05.
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The article deals with miniature clay products of the Imenkovo culture. They are often mentioned in publications of finds both from the Imenkovo hillforts and from the settlements. At the same time, they are not found in the Imenkovo burial grounds. The research was based on a representative collection of miniature items from the Tetyushy-II hillfort in the Tetyushy district of Tatarstan. In addition, published materials from excavations of other Imenkovo settlements both in the Republic of Tatarstan and in the neighboring regions — Ulyanovsk and Samara were used. The author studied 124 miniature objects. They were grouped into four divisions. The first one includes geometrical objects (balls, cones, etc.), accounting for 22.5% of all finds. The second includes jewelry (9.8%). The most numerous (42.7%) is the third section — household items. Most of them are miniature vessels. The last section includes miniature images of animals (25%). All products are made of pure clay. They are well burnt. Moreover, almost all of them are either broken or have the loss of individual parts. Since the crafts were very durable, it is obvious that they were smashed on purpose. By their functional purpose, they were: 1) cult objects related to production activities (miniature figurines of animals); 2) magic crafts; 3) elements of ritual procedures; 4) household items (for example, drinking bowls); 5) shells for weapons (sling). In the latter case, natural nodules were used for the same purpose. The origin of most of the miniature vessels is associated with the Volga region. In the decorations and a number of types of miniature vessels, the connection of these artifacts with the antiquities of the Dyakovo archaeological culture can be traced. There are analogies in the antiquities of the Kiev culture. Miniature vessels with a round bottom are associated with cultures of the 1st millennium AD in Southern Cis-Urals. Some of the items of this complex were formed under the influence of the Sarmatian culture. All considered items are dated to the 6th–7th centuries AD. Thus, for the first time, the systematization of miniature items of the Imenkovo culture, their attribution and dating has been carried out.
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Daragan, Marina N., and Petr A. Gavrish. "On Manifestations of the Cult of Human Skulls in the Knÿshovskoe Settlement Dating from the Scythian Period." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 23, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 251–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341319.
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Abstract Human remains have been found in many settlements and fortified settlements of the Scythian period in the forest-steppe zone of the Ukraine. Yet there are substantial differences between the nature of the finds and the circumstances of their positioning in the various settlements concerned. At some sites whole skeletons or parts of skeletons have been found in pits and in habitation levels. At others mainly (and sometimes even exclusively) human skulls or their fragments have been found. A picture of this kind was recorded, in particular, at the fortified settlement of Knÿshovskoe. This article examines the places where human skulls and fragments of the latter were found in the context of cultic and domestic buildings within the Knÿshovskoe settlement. Research was focused specifically on the positions of clay altars and the link between the latter and the anthropological remains within the site. Within the investigated area of the settlement, occupying half a hectare, 110 separate fragments of human skulls were found – 52 altars and 211 pits linked to various structures. Using spatial analysis based on gis-technology, a firm link was established between the clay altars, human skulls and also the skulls or skeletons of dogs, examples of cultic figurines, distaffs and clay cones. The areas in which altars and skulls were concentrated made it possible to regard most of these as having functioned simultaneously in a shrine. Analysis of each specific archaeological find of altars and skulls made it possible to single out certain “archaeological situations” demonstrating clear differences in specific cultic practices, a key component of which was the sacrificing of human heads. The shrine was being used no earlier than the second or third quarter of the 4th century bc. Establishing the existence of cultic practices involving human sacrifice could provide a crucial step towards an understanding of phenomena, occurring in the forest-steppe zone in the second half and at the end of the 4th century bc, which eventually led to the complete disappearance of the culture of the Scythian period in the forest-steppe and steppe zones at the end of the 4th century bc.
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Sparkes, Brian A. "V Potters, Painters, And Clients." New Surveys in the Classics 40 (2010): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383510000744.
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Clay is a versatile material with remarkable properties and serves a multitude of purposes. The Greeks shaped and fired clay for statues and figurines, for architectural elements such as metopes and akroteria, for drain pipes, beehives, lamps, and so forth. The major output was pottery, produced in great numbers by different methods (wheelmade, handmade, moulded) and in various categories (coarse, plain, decorated). It was a basic commodity that had many functions – for cooking, drinking, libation, storage, transport, and as offerings to the gods and to the dead. Over the centuries, painted pottery played a large and practical, if unsung, part in the lives of Greeks; it has been estimated that the hundreds of thousands of pots and fragments that are now extant comprise less than one per cent of the pottery produced. Current research into Greek ceramics is strong, and conferences, both national and international, over the past generation, mostly centring on Attic pottery, show how essential the study of pottery is for all aspects of the classical world and how it furnishes wide avenues for investigation. The contents of the published proceedings of the conferences show the main trends. Work on the traditional elements such as techniques, shaping, and painting, and iconography – that is, the initial stages of production – still continues, but there is now much more interest in functions, markets, find-spots, customers, reception, and the like, with complex pie charts, histograms, maps, and statistics, – that is, enquiries into the pottery once it had left the workshop (see Figure 4). This chapter deals with the manufacture of the pots, the shapes fashioned, the painting, and the contexts of use, with a little about the business elements; it also looks at the subject of attribution. The final chapter is mainly concerned with the variety of images and scenes that the pots carry. The chapters cannot be exclusive nor all-encompassing; they can highlight only various aspects. The emphasis, as in the conference proceedings mentioned above, falls on Attic pottery of the Archaic and Classical centuries, because it afords the fullest evidence.
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Журавлев, Д. В., А. М. Камышанов, А. И. Кудряшова, and У. Шлотцауер. "THE KRASNYY OKTYABR 1 HILLFORT ON THE TAMAN PENINSULA: FIRST RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 267 (October 4, 2022): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.267.152-168.
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Статья представляет первую специальную публикацию, посвященную археологическому комплексу Красный Октябрь 1 в Прикубанье. Разновременный памятник (рубеж VI-V вв. до н. э. - Новое время) имеет площадь около 70 га, частично перекрыт современной застройкой. Сохранилось центральное укрепление городища с высокими валами и рвами, а также вторая укрепленная площадка к западу от нее, возможно, относящиеся уже к XVIII - началу XIX в. Точное время возникновения фортификации на памятнике пока неизвестно. Раскопками обнаружены следы гончарного производственного комплекса первой половины I в. н. э., где изготавливали грузила и другие мелкие предметы. Среди находок - бронзовая статуэтка Зевса/Юпитера провинциально-римской работы, сероглиняный светильник в виде маски Силена, разнообразные курильницы. This paper is the first special publication on the Krasnyy Oktyabr site in the Kuban region. This archaeological ensemble has been created and used in different time periods (turn of the 5th century BC - Modern Time), its area which is partially overlain by modern housing is around 70 ha. The survived structures of the ensemble include the central reinforced part of the settlement with high ramparts and ditches and the second reinforced area west of the central fortification, possibly, dating to the 18th - early 19th centuries. The exact dating of the fortification at the site is not yet known. The excavations discovered traces of a pottery production center dating to the first half of the 1st= century AD where sinkers and other smaller items were produced. The finds include a bronze figurine of Zeus/Jupiter from a Roman province, a gray clay oil lamp in the form of a Silenus mask and various incense-burners.
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Czopek, S., K. Trybała-Zawiślak, and T. Tokarczyk. "THE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT IN CHOTYNIEC IN PREVIOUS STUDIES." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 42, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.01.07.
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The article presents the current state of research on the hillfort in Chotyniec, excavated since 2016. The scope and methods of excavations and other research works (e. g. geophysical prospection) are discussed. So far, the focus has been on studying the «zolnik» and identifying the embankments, uncovering an impressive array of artifacts and recording very interesting stratigraphic observations. The original size of the «zolnik» can be calculated (estimated) on the basis of the preserved systems of scattered layers, saturated with burning and charcoal. In the horizontal projection, they marked an almost circular surface with approximate dimensions of 20.8 (E—W) × 21 m (N—S). The maximum height of the «zolnik» could be up to 2 m from its base. The arrangement of layers turned out to be very interesting, allowing the reconstruction of the stages of setting up and using this object. It provided an exceptional amount of artifacts — fragments of ceramics, including Greek amphoras for wine, brown and bone arrowheads, brown pins, a necklace and small ornaments, glass and ceramic beads, clay spindles, «katushki» and a fragment of a figurine. The series of other ceramics is also very important, among which typical forms like pots and bowls. Completely reconstructed amphora of Klazomenei, as well as fragments of others, including those related to the Lesbos circle, indicate a convergent chronology at the end of the 7th and the beginning of the 6th century BC. A similar chronology is shared by brown and bone arrowheads, representing different types within four main groups dated from the end or even from the 2nd half of the 7th century BC to the middle of the 6th century BC. On the other hand, the series of radiocarbon dates, in connection with the stratigraphy, shows a slightly different chronological range. It confirms the older horizon from the second half of the 7th century, but also clearly points to the 6th—5th centuries BC, and one of the dates is even younger. The hillfort in Chotyniec, together with the surrounding settlements, forms a very interesting settlement complex — the most northwestern enclave of the Scythian cultural circle. We can say that it is an extremely interesting microregion, and its importance is multifaceted. It concerns the possibility of getting to know the relations (e. g. chronological, functional, etc.) of the settlement and its surroundings, which is not so common in the archeology of the Early Iron Age in this part of Europe. In a broader territorial perspective, the Chotyniec agglomeration forces corrections to the existing, well-established findings on the relationship of the Scythian world with other cultures — e. g. the Lusatian cultural circle or a group of groups and cultures in Volhynia.
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Wijaya, Fernando Adiga, and Rendy Iswanto. "PERANCANGAN PROTOTYPE SOUVENIR KUSTOM YANG MENJADI PRODUK AWAL DARI FRY WORKSHOP." Jurnal VICIDI 6, no. 2 (February 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/vicidi.v6i2.1056.
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“FRY Workshop” is a studio that make and producing clay toys called “Figure”. In Surabaya nowadays, it’s very rare to find business that offers service for making a souvenir in the shape of “Figurines”. It’s why the purpose of this research is to know what are our target market wants for this product. With quantitative research method, the results are many of the consumer are interested and accepted for this customized “Figure” service in accordance with their wishes, a unique packaging is required for making this product into a souvenir or gifts. This is a business chance for FRY workshop.
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Naumov, Goce, Aleksandar Mitkoski, Hristijan Talevski, Jana Anvari, Marcin Przybyła, Darko Stojanovski, Ferran Antolín, et al. "The Early Neolithic tell of Vrbjanska Čuka in Pelagonia." Praehistorische Zeitschrift, September 17, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-0007.
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Abstract Vrbjanska Čuka is a tell site in the region of Pelagonia (Macedonia) established 8000 years ago by the Neolithic communities. Later it was used as an agricultural unit during the Roman era and the Middle Ages when it was also employed as a burial area. The excavations performed in the 1980s and during the last five years indicate a Neolithic farming society that constructed large buildings made of daub in a settlement enclosed by a circular ditch. The buildings had many clay structures, such as ovens, granaries, bins and grinding areas for processing cereals and bread production. The Neolithic communities used sophisticated fine pottery and modeled figurines and altars, while the stone tools were mainly used for cutting trees, harvesting and grinding. Apart from the cereal-based food (einkorn wheat, emmer wheat or barley), the inhabitants of Vrbjanska Čuka consumed lentils, peas and a variety of gathered wild fruits, while cattle, caprovine, mussels, fish and wild game meat was also part of a diet, as well as the dairy products. This paper will be a summary of a variety of data provided from the current international and multidisciplinary research of the site that involves excavation, prospection, geomagnetic survey, study of material culture, examination of architecture, radiocarbon dating, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, lipid and use-wear analyses, as well as the topographic and 3D modeling. The recent knowledge on Vrbjanska Čuka provides novel understanding of the Early Neolithic in Pelagonia and contributes to the more extensive research of first farming societies in the Balkans.
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Perttula, Timothy K. "The Joe M. Smith Collection from the Roseborough Lake Site (41BW5), Bowie County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2014.1.34.
Full textAbstract:
The Joe M. Smith collection is held by the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin. It appears to have been given by Mr. Smith to A. T. Jackson in the early 1930s, around the time of The University of Texas excavations at the nearby Eli Moores site (41BW2). The collection is said to have come from the Rochelle Plantation, which is an earlier name for the Roseborough Lake site (41BW5). The Roseborough Lake site is on an old meander of the Red River “that was cut off in 1872 and named Roseborough Lake." It lies a few miles west of other important Caddo sites, a few miles west of Texarkana in Bowie County. The Roseborough Lake site is a large historic Caddo village occupied from the 17th century until the late 18th century, with habitation features and cemeteries. It also is the location of a Nassonite post established by the French in the 1720s, known by the Spanish as San Luis de Cadohadacho. Investigations at the Roseborough Lake site by Miroir and Gilmore recovered Historic Caddo ceramics, mainly shell-tempered, of the types Emory Punctated-Incised, McKinney Plain, Keno Trailed, Simms Engraved, Natchitoches Engraved, Womack Engraved, and Avery Engraved, along with brushed, incised, punctated, and red-slipped body sherds and clay figurines and pipes. The chipped stone tool assemblage included Fresno and Maud arrow points, drills, large knives, many end/side scrapers, as well as a diorite celt. European trade goods are particularly abundant at the Roseborough Lake site, and they include iron axes and scrapers, iron bridle bits and knives, iron strike-a-lights, scissors, iron kettle pieces, pendants, many flintlock gun parts, gunflints, lead balls, brass rings, tinklers, bells, and rivets, brass and iron arrow points, metal buttons, green wine bottle glass and mirror glass, faience, majolica, and delft ceramics, along with many glass beads (n=2958) and shell beads (n=18). Substantial samples of animal bones are also present in the archaeological deposits at the site, along with carbonized maize cob fragments.