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Journal articles on the topic 'Clausole sociali'

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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Perulli, Adalberto. "Giustizia sociale, commercio internazionale ed extraterritorialità "atipica". Il caso USMCA." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 170 (August 2021): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2021-170003.

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L'articolo analizza alcune delle principali novità del Trattato USMCA, collocandolo nel contesto della globalizzazione economica e delle tecniche di regolazione sociale che impiegano i la-bour standards dell'OIL e le clausole sociali nei Trattati commerciali internazionali, realizzando forme "atipiche" di extraterritorialità. Il Trattato USMCA si caratterizza per alcune impor-tanti innovazioni in materia: l'impegno delle parti a rispettare gli international core labour standards, il riconoscimento del diritto di sciopero, la possibilità di sanzionare direttamente le imprese responsabili delle violazioni dei diritti del lavoro, una procedura veloce di risoluzione delle controversie. Nel complesso il Trattato rilancia la capacità della clausola sociale come principale fattore di tutela dei diritti del lavoro in un contesto di globalizzazione economica.

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2

Rosaria Mauro, Maria. "Commercio internazionale e tutela dei diritti dei lavoratori: alla ricerca di una globalizzazione sostenibile." E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 2, no. 6 (2021): 372–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2021.i02.17.

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La liberalizzazione del commercio internazionale può promuovere la crescita economica e le opportunità di lavoro sia nei Paesi in via di viluppo sia nelle economie industrializzate. Peraltro, non tutti gli Stati hanno beneficiato in uguale misura di tale liberalizzazione e, in generale, della globalizzazione delle relazioni economiche internazionali. Di conseguenza, questi fenomeni e gli accordi commerciali di stampo liberista che li hanno favoriti continuano a essere oggetto di un acceso dibattito. In tale contesto, uno degli aspetti più controversi è la mancanza di una protezione adeguata dei diritti dei lavoratori nell’ambito dei suddetti accordi. Partendo dall’attuale mancanza di regole specifiche nel quadro giuridico multilaterale degli scambi, l’autore analizza le cosiddette “clausole sociali” contenute negli accordi di libero scambio bilaterali e regionali di nuova generazione, con particolare riferimento ai trattati conclusi dall’Unione europea (UE). Dall’analisi emerge che tali clausole non garantiscono ancora una sufficiente protezione ai lavoratori e che, pertanto, esse andrebbero modificate.

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3

Pallini, Massimo. "Diritto europeo e limiti di ammissibilità delle clausole sociali nella regolazione nazionale degli appalti pubblici di opere e servizi." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 151 (October 2016): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2016-151006.

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4

Barbera, Marzia. "Trasformazioni della figura del datore di lavoro e flessibilizzazione delle regole del diritto." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 126 (July 2010): 203–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2010-126001.

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Il saggio analizza le trasformazioni subite dalla figura del datore di lavoro a seguito dei grandi mutamenti economici e sociali che hanno interessato l'ultima parte del secolo scorso, nonché le risposte che il diritto del lavoro ha dato a questi mutamenti. Viene, dapprima, descritta la disarticolazione dello spazio interno dell'impresa, con i processi di frammentazione ed esternalizzazione del ciclo produttivo, che hanno dato nuova centralitŕ alla questione di chi sia il datore di lavoro; e, successivamente, la disarticolazione spaziale esterna, dovuta all'allargarsi dei confini del mercato su scala transnazionale, che ha determinato un'accresciuta scelta da parte del datore del diritto che governa il rapporto di lavoro. Il saggio descrive poi come il diritto del lavoro ha affrontato le conseguenze di tali processi, ed in particolare la disarticolazione delle responsabilitŕ datoriali e la creazione per il datore di nuovi ambiti di immunitŕ nell'esercizio dei propri poteri. Le nuove tecniche di tutela impiegate sono prevalentemente di tipo relazionale, intervengono, cioč, in relazioni nelle quali diritti e doveri delle parti non sono interamente determinati a priori, e lo fanno attraverso strumenti quali l'adozione di criteri di attribuzione funzionale delle responsabilitŕ datoriali fra diverse entitŕ economiche e attraverso varie forme di bilanciamento di interessi, mediate dalle clausole generali e dai principi di eguaglianza e ragionevolezza. Ne risultano un'accentuata flessibilizzazione delle regole giuridiche e un tasso piů elevato di incertezza e imprevedibilitŕ del diritto, ma anche la scoperta di nuove funzioni dei principi e dei diritti fondamentali.

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5

Caire, Guy. "De la clause sociale. Présentation." Tiers-Monde 37, no. 148 (1996): 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tiers.1996.5076.

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6

Caire, Guy. "Clause sociale et commerce international." Tiers-Monde 37, no. 148 (1996): 803–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tiers.1996.5079.

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7

Aranguiz, Ane. "Social mainstreaming through the European pillar of social rights: Shielding ‘the social’ from ‘the economic’ in EU policymaking." European Journal of Social Security 20, no. 4 (December 2018): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262718820616.

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Implementing fiscal consolidation measures without first considering social stabilisers has led to turn what originally was an economic recession into a social crisis too. The economic and social divergences in Europe have increased to a point where the future of the social dimension of the EU has been put into question. There is however, a provision in the Treaties that obliges the EU to take into account social issues in all its policies and activities, namely, the so-called horizontal social clause enshrined in Article 9 TFEU. The potential of this clause to mainstream the social dimension of the EU and foster balance between social and economic policies has, however, not yet been untapped. The recently launched European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR), which aims at achieving a highly competitive social market economy, brings to the table a number of rights-based objectives along with a number of indicators that might shed some light over the constraints faced by the horizontal social clause. This article aims at unravelling the potential of the horizontal social clause in envisioning parity between the social and the economic and providing a social pillar to the EU. This contribution provides first a legal analysis of Article 9 TFEU and it briefly discusses the problematic behind its poor implementation. Later, the potential of the horizontal social clause is discussed in the light of the current developments in the framework of economic governance. This article also suggests a number of scenarios where social mainstreaming should be duly implemented. It suggests that Article 9 TFEU may have an important role, in particular, with regard to austerity measures when envisioning it together with the EPSR.

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8

Hurtado, Inmaculada, and Patricia Argerey. "Social Dumping: The Debate on a Multilateral Social Clause." Global Economy Journal 8, no. 1 (January 2008): 1850130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1354.

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Competition between countries has rapidly increased in the current context of economic globalization. Both indirect competition (through trade) and direct competition (through illegal immigration) can breed social dumping, exerting downward pressure on labor conditions in developed countries. In this paper we show the need for a social clause in order to prevent firms from illegally obtaining a comparative advantage. The adoption of a social clause, based on agreed labour rights by all signatories to ILO Conventions and on the compliance by multinationals, would eliminate social dumping. Linking labor standards and trade at the multilateral level has received a lot of criticism. Some claim that this is just another strategy to masquerade the protectionist ambitions of developed countries. We believe that it should be adopted at the multilateral level in order to favor an ethical behavior in both trade and investment. This is particularly crucial for less developed countries that have inserted themselves in the international economy. A balanced analysis of the arguments in favor and against the adoption of a social clause reveals that there is a patent need for an international harmonization of workers' rights regardless of the instruments.

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9

Gottardi, Donata. "L'infiltrazione della concorrenza nella tutela del lavoro. Valorizziamo gli argini dei nuovi trattati europei." ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no. 2 (November 2010): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2010-010009.

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L'A. dedica attenzione ai cambiamenti apportati dal Trattato di Lisbona sia sul versante dei diritti sociali sia sul versante della concorrenza. Finora si č pensato che il diritto del lavoro continuasse a cedere rispetto al diritto commerciale. Molti erano i segnali che andavano in questa direzione: le incertezze sul significato stesso di diritto del lavoro, la crescita del dumping sociale infra-Ue, la ripresa di pulsioni nazionaliste, la giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia sui limiti alla contrattazione collettiva e allo sciopero. Č ora il momento di valorizzare le nuove prospettive aperte. La crisi economica e finanziaria ha messo in discussione l'idea di mercato autoregolantesi; nel sistema delle fonti, la concorrenza passa da principio a strumento e la protezione sociale e del lavoro č proiettata nell'economia sociale di mercato, garantita da una clausola sociale di valenza orizzontale. Č l'unica prospettiva possibile, se vogliamo evitare il tracollo del sistema di relazioni sindacali e del lavoro.

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10

Rogalski, Michel. "Éditorial : Clause sociale, emploi et commerce mondial." Recherches Internationales 50, no. 1 (1997): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rint.1997.2299.

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11

Chan, Anita. "Globalization, the Social Clause, and China's Workers." Chinese Economy 34, no. 6 (November 2001): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ces1097-1475340612.

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12

Gragnoli, Enrico. "La nuova regolazione del trattamento economico dei dipendenti delle imprese di trasporto aereo." RIVISTA ITALIANA DI DIRITTO DEL TURISMO, no. 30 (September 2020): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dt2020-030028.

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13

Mounier, Alain. "La clause sociale dans la mondialisation de l'économie." Tiers-Monde 37, no. 148 (1996): 761–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tiers.1996.5077.

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14

Béroud, Sophie. "Clause sociale : limites et contradictions des réponses syndicales." Mots, no. 71 (March 1, 2003): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mots.7743.

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15

Chen, Haoqian. "Social Clause in Trade Agreements and China’s Experience." Beijing Law Review 06, no. 01 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/blr.2015.61001.

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16

KESTELOOT, Hugo. "Social class, all-clause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality." Acta Cardiologica 58, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ac.58.4.2005284.

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17

Leary, V. A. "The WTO and the Social Clause: Post-Singapore." European Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejil.a015539.

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18

Hasrimarta, Nicky, and Yuli Tiarina. "The Logical Function Analysis on the Thread about Vaccines in Social Media Twitter." English Language and Literature 11, no. 2 (September 14, 2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ell.v11i2.119250.

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In logical function analysis, the analysis deals with clause complexes form which is the meaning relation of each clause in the clause complex. This thesis is about the logical function analysis used in the thread about vaccines in social media twitter. The objective of this research is to find out the types of logical function analysis in the threads about vaccines which is in clause complexes form. This research is conducted by qualitative descriptive approach which means this research makes the description of the situation. The data of this research is from the thread 1 about vaccine by Prof. Christine Pagel on her twitter account. The thread consists of 10 tweets that are 35 clause complexes. And the other data is from the thread 2 by Nida Qadir, MD on her twitter account. The thread consists of 5 tweets that are 21 clause complexes. The finding of this research is indicated that there are 2 main types of logical function; expansion and projection. In analyzing thread 1, there were 19 elaboration, 3 extension, 12 enhancement, and 1 types of idea. There is no locution type in thread 1. In analyzing the thread 2, there are 9 elaboration, 3 extension, 7, enhancement, 1 locution, and 1 idea.

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19

Zlobin, R. R. "Clause: Extra Work and Social Protection of Hired Workers." Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Sociology. Politology 12, no. 4 (2012): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2012-12-4-25-29.

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20

Tavernier, Edmund M., and Calum G. Turvey. "Determinants of a social clause in international trade negotiations." Agricultural Economics 34, no. 1 (January 2006): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2006.00102.x.

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21

Cordella, Tito, and Isabel Grilo. "Social dumping and relocation: is there a case for imposing a social clause?" Regional Science and Urban Economics 31, no. 6 (November 2001): 643–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-0462(01)00063-1.

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22

Oganova, Elena A., and Olga A. Alekseeva. "Problems of Translation of Parenthetic Clauses from Russian into Turkish in Social and Political Texts." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-1-71-88.

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Actively developing mass media field generates high demand for specialists who are able to translate texts of social and political topics from Russian into a foreign language and vice versa quickly and efficiently. While learning, students make common mistakes, which should be carefully corrected and prevented. The purpose of this article is to identify the most common mistakes made in translations of parenthetic clauses from Turkish into Russian and to develop recommendations for translating this type of sentences. The research is based on the translations of parenthetic clauses from Russian into Turkish made by three Turkish native speakers who are proficient in Russian, and ten Russian-speaking informants who are 4th-year undergraduate and graduate students of the leading Russian universities where Turkish language is taught as a major. The lack of research papers on the topic indicates the scientific novelty of the study. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that translation of parenthetic clauses presents significant difficulties for students and propose the following recommendations: there are two variants of translating Russian parenthetic clauses into Turkish - a subordinate clause with the conjunction ki and a participle clause with a participle of present-past tenses -(y)An . The first variant reflects the meaning expressed by Russian parenthetic clause most accurately, i.e. makes an emphasis. When referring to this variant, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the subordinate clause must have its own subject, which is most often presented by the pronoun bu this, or its subject must coincide with the subject of the main clause. The second variant mainly performs a determinative function, therefore, the sentence emphasis is made lexically. The stylistics should also be considered: a subordinate clause with the conjunction ki , as emotionally more powerful, is mainly used in analytical newspaper publications, while a participle clause with the participle -(y)An is more neutral stylistically. Therefore, if there are any difficulties with choosing the correct way to translate parenthetic clauses from Russian into Turkish, it is recommended to refer to - the (y)An participle.

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23

Perulli, Adalberto. "Sustainability, Social Rights and International Trade: The TTIP." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 4 (December 1, 2015): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015026.

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This article analyses the prospects opened up in the social field by the negotiation on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the European Union (EU) and United States (US), with reference to labour law and social sustainability. Trade integration between the two partners should lead to an inter-normative approach, incorporating Fundamental Social Rights into the Treaty. The author proposes the inclusion of a chapter dedicated to compliance with labour rights, containing a social clause inspired by Article 20 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), in accordance with the negotiation directives. The social clause should include references to the ILO Core Labour Standards, individual and collective labour rights, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and the regulation in a social perspective of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

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24

Perulli, Adalberto. "Fundamental Social Rights, Market Regulation and EU External Action." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 30, Issue 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2014003.

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This article examines fundamental social rights in the era of globalization, focusing on the EU's strategy to promote respect for social rights in its external actions. A new feature of the Lisbon Treaty is the 'horizontal social clause' (Article 9 TFEU), stipulating that EU policies must take social requirements into account to ensure consistency between various policies and social objectives. This clause will be explored also in its external dimension, pursuant to Articles 2 and 3 of the Treaty. Finally, other social provisions of EU external action will be dealt with, including the promotion of International Labour Organization (ILO) labour standards in free trade agreements (such as the CARIFORUM), Corporate Social Responsibility and the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), in particular the GSP Plus scheme.

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25

Pratiwi, Resdilla, Lonni Nur Iffah Nasution, and Winda Putri Ardina. "THE COMPLEX SENTENCE ACQUISITION BY FIVE YEARS OLD KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS." Journal of English Education and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.56874/jeel.v1i1.55.

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This research deals with language acquisition. It aims to describe what types of complex sentences are produced by five years old Kindergarten students in their social interaction. The methodology of this research uses Qualitative Research where the researcher involved six kindergarten students of five years old in RA Fatayat Nahdhatul Ulama Batahan as data sources. The data of this research was obtained by using the naturalistic method by observing, making a conversation, recording, and taking notes. The result found that the Five years old kindergarten students already produced a noun clause, relative clause, and adverbial clause as subordinate clause or dependent clause to modify or give more explanation about the main clause or independent clause to produce complex sentences. And they also used a coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction to join the dependent clause to the independent clause, or they just used an intonation to separate between dependent clause from independent clause.

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26

Smirnova, Elizaveta. "Clausal complexity of expert and student writing: a corpus-based analysis of papers in social sciences." Language Learning in Higher Education 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cercles-2022-2052.

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Abstract Syntactic complexity has been extensively approached in the fields of corpus linguistics and academic discourse studies. However, works focusing on disciplinary variation in terms of linguistic complexity and comparison of professional and novice academic writing are scarce. Addressing these issues is likely to have important implications for EAP/ESP practitioners in terms of selection of target structures and learning material design. This study is a corpus analysis of the use of clausal complexity features in two social sciences, management and economics. The research is based on two kinds of corpora: expert corpora which comprise articles published in peer-reviewed journals, and learner corpora of L2 undergraduate students’ research papers. This work aims at answering two questions: Do clausal complexity features vary in the texts in management and economics? What are the differences in syntactic use between the academic texts written by professional authors and learner writing? The data showed that economists and managers tend to use the structures under consideration with significantly different frequencies. The professional writing was found to demonstrate more signs of clausal complexity than the learners’ texts.

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27

Mahler, Taylor. "The social component of the projection behavior of clausal complement contents." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4703.

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Some accounts of presupposition projection predict that content's consistency with the Common Ground influences whether it projects (e.g., Heim 1983, Gazdar 1979a,b). I conducted an experiment to test whether Common Ground information about the speaker's social identity influences projection of clausal complement contents (CCs). Participants rated the projection of CCs conveying liberal or conservative political positions when the speaker was either Democrat- or Republican-affiliated. As expected, CCs were more projective when they conveyed political positions consistent with the speaker's political affiliation: liberal CCs were more projective with Democrat compared to Republican speakers, and conservative CCs were more projective with Republican compared to Democrat speakers. In addition, CCs associated with factive predicates (e.g., know) were more projective than those associated with non-factive predicates (e.g., believe). These findings suggest that social meaning influences projective meaning and that social meaning is constrained by semantic meaning, in line with previous research on the relation between other levels of linguistic structure/perception and social information.

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28

Alvanoudi, Angeliki. "“May I tell you something?”: When questions do not anticipate responses." Text & Talk 39, no. 4 (July 26, 2019): 563–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-2040.

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Abstract This conversation analytic paper reports on the interactional functions of the Greek subjunctive polar interrogative clause na (su) po (káti)? ‘may I tell you something?’ in informal Greek conversation (Corpus of Spoken Greek). It is shown that the clause is a practice for securing a multi-unit turn and prefacing big packages in interaction, such as arguments and tellings. It is argued that the interrogative clause is used as a discourse marker when it occupies the initial slot of an extended turn. By employing an interactional approach to grammar, this study brings sequential context, social action and practice into the analysis of the clause na (su) po (káti)?, and sheds light on the vehicular structure of social action and the emergence of linguistic devices that project multi-unit turns.

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29

CHAN, ANITA. "Racing to the bottom: international trade without a social clause." Third World Quarterly 24, no. 6 (December 2003): 1011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436590310001630044.

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30

Willis, Steven J., and Nakku Chung. "No Healthcare Penalty? No Problem: No Due Process." American Journal of Law & Medicine 38, no. 2-3 (June 2012): 516–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881203800210.

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The Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act (“Act”), which mandates all individuals to have health insurance and “penalizes” those who do not, is unconstitutional for five well-documented and well-argued reasons:1.The mandate for individuals to purchase healthcare (“Mandate”) exceeds Congress's power to regulate commerce among the several states under the Commerce Clause of article I, section 8, clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution.2.The penalty imposed on individuals who fail to honor the Mandate (“Penalty”) is an unconstitutional direct tax because it is unapportioned, as required by article I, section 1, clause 3, and by article 1, section 9, clause 4.3.The Penalty does not satisfy the Necessary and Proper Clause of article I, section 8, clause 18.4.The Act violates the Tenth Amendment reservation of unenumerated powers to the states and to the people.5.The mechanical, procedural aspects of the Penalty violate the due process guarantee in the Fifth Amendment.

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31

Leckey, Robert. "Advocacy Notwithstanding the Notwithstanding Clause." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 28, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29389.

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My topic is a fundamental social and political change and how it prompts advocates to think differently. We see the change on the part of legislatures. It’s a change from a paradigm of respect for rights to one of majoritarian willingness to override them without justification. I think this change imposes on advocates two responsibilities. One is to help judges to recognize the paradigm shift and its implications for them. The other is to conceive and frame arguments appropriate to the new paradigm — what I call advocacy notwithstanding the notwithstanding clause.

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32

Zackin, Emily. "Rethinking Blaisdell: State Debt Relief and the Limits of Constitutional Doctrine." Law & Social Inquiry 45, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 658–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.68.

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AbstractIn the landmark case Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934), the Supreme Court of the United States upheld a state-level debt relief statute that was quite similar to those it had long deemed to violate the Contracts Clause. The dissent even argued that the Contracts Clause was written precisely to prohibit this type of state legislation. Rather than seeking to understand or characterize this doctrinal shift, as most work on Blaisdell has done, this article argues that Contracts Clause doctrine had never actually eradicated the state practice of intervening in contracts. The article both highlights and explains the long-standing mismatch between Contracts Clause doctrine and state legislative practice that preceded this ruling. Whatever Blaisdell meant as a matter of doctrine, it should also be understood as evidence of a durable state-level commitment to protecting debtors from the potentially ruinous consequences of private economic bargains.

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33

Câmara, Alexandre Freitas. "Os Efeitos Processuais da Inclusão de Cláusula Compromissória nos Estatutos Sociais das Companhias." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 7, Issue 28 (December 1, 2010): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2010058.

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ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the procedural effects of the arbitration clause in the corporation statutes, trying to determine not only which effects are those, but also who are the people affected by them. The analysis comes from the settlement of the legal nature of the corporation statute and from the way Brazilian Procedural Law settles the arbitration clause.

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34

Hebda-Czaplicka, Izabela. "SOCIAL CLAUSES AS AN INSTRUMENT SUPPORTING THE SOCIAL ECONOMY SECTOR." Polityka Społeczna 572-573, no. 11-12 (December 31, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5997.

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Based on the research results, the article presents opinions of the representatives of social economy sector and local authorities on the current use of social clauses indicated in public procurement regulations, which are a tool oriented at increase of participation of the social economy sector in the public procurement market. The research confirms low usage of social clauses mechanism. The main constraints in use of these tools by local authorities include: lack of sufficient knowledge about social benefits arising from providing social services by social economy units and fear of using a legal measure that limits competition of entities operating on the free market. The respondents underline that information about the goals of social economy and the its potential are the basis for activities aimed at increasing interest in using the social clause mechanism.

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35

Sobas, Magdalena. "Looking for a legal refusal to sell a medicaments by pharmacist – a few comments about the conscience clause polish pharmacist." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa specjalny, no. XIX (December 30, 2019): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1009.

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This text is about a right Polish pharmeceris to apply conscience clause. This issue is very commented in social and legal discussion. This text is a summary about rule to give pharmaceris the opportunity to use in their work conscience clause. It is to be noted that that point was the subject of consideration about the human conscience too. This text contains example judgment European Court of Human Rights about conscience clause.

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Dang, Ai-Thu. "Libéralisme et justice sociale: la clause lockéenne des droits de propriété." Revue française d'économie 10, no. 4 (1995): 205–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfeco.1995.994.

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Anggororeni, Pramesty, Riyadi Santosa, and Tri Wiratno. "ANALISIS TERJEMAHAN MAKNA INTERPERSONAL DALAM DUBBING FILM THOMAS AND FRIENDS: BLUE MOUNTAIN MYSTERY." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 15, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v15i1.419.

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This reasearch aims to describe translation qualities of proposal clause, explain the effect of translation techniques to the translation qualities and the impact of proposal translations to the children as target viewer on dubbing interpersonal-transacsional: proposal “Thomas and Friends: Blue Mountain Mystery” the movie. This descriptive-qualitative research applies purposive sampling techniques. The main resource is dubbing “Thomas and Friends: Blue Mountain Mystery” the movie and its indonesian version. Data were collected using: (1) document analysis to obtain the clause of interpersonal-transacsional: proposal, (2) questionnaire and interview to obtain translation quality data which covers accuracy, acceptability and readability. The result of the study shows that movie dubbing used narrative genre and its text structure is devided into orientation, complication and resolution. Each structure consists of declarative clause, interogative and imperative. The translation shifts occured in the forms of declarative clause and imperative clause. The shift types are in the clause type, proposal meaning or social function, and in both clause type and meaning.

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Anggororeni, Pramesty, Riyadi Santosa, and Tri Wiratno. "ANALISIS TERJEMAHAN MAKNA INTERPERSONAL DALAM DUBBING FILM THOMAS AND FRIENDS: BLUE MOUNTAIN MYSTERY." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 15, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v15i1.426.

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This reasearch aims to describe translation qualities of proposal clause, explain the effect of translation techniques to the translation qualities and the impact of proposal translations to the children as target viewer on dubbing interpersonal-transacsional: proposal “Thomas and Friends: Blue Mountain Mystery” the movie. This descriptive-qualitative research applies purposive sampling techniques. The main resource is dubbing “Thomas and Friends: Blue Mountain Mystery” the movie and its indonesian version. Data were collected using: (1) document analysis to obtain the clause of interpersonal-transacsional: proposal, (2) questionnaire and interview to obtain translation quality data which covers accuracy, acceptability and readability. The result of the study shows that movie dubbing used narrative genre and its text structure is devided into orientation, complication and resolution. Each structure consists of declarative clause, interogative and imperative. The translation shifts occured in the forms of declarative clause and imperative clause. The shift types are in the clause type, proposal meaning or social function, and in both clause type and meaning.

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39

Teitel, Ruti. "Original Intent, History, and Levy's Establishment Clause." Law & Social Inquiry 15, no. 03 (1990): 591–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1990.tb00386.x.

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Teitel, Ruti. "Original Intent, History, and Levy's "Establishment Clause"." Law & Social Inquiry 15, no. 3 (1990): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/492309.

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41

Singer, Joseph William, and Jack M. Beermann. "The Social Origins of Property." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 6, no. 2 (July 1993): 217–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900001910.

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It was easier to make a revolution than to write 600 to 800 laws to create a market economy.Jiri Dienstbier, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia (1990)[I]t would be as absurd to argue that the distribution of property must never be modified by law as it would be to argue that the distribution of political power must never bechanged.Morris Cohen (1927)The takings clause of the United States Constitution requires government to pay compensation when private property is taken for public use. When government regulates, but does not physically seize, property, the Supreme Court of the United States has had trouble defining when individuals have been deprived of property rights so as to give them a right to compensation. The takings clause serves “to bar Government from forcing some people alone to bear public burdens that, in all fairness and justice, should be borne by the public as a whole.” To determine when a regulation amounts to a “taking” of property requiring compensation, the Court has rightly stated that the ultimate question is whether the burden of regulation has been unfairly placed on a small class of individuals rather than the public at large. To answer this question, the Court has identified a variety of factors to consider, including the character of the governmental action, (whether the regulation effects a permanent physical invasion, destroys a core property right, or is intended to prevent public harm), whether the regulation interferes with reasonable investment-backed expectations, and the extent of the diminution in value of the property (particularly whether the regulation deprives the owner of any economically viable use of the property).

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Lesiński, Paweł. "Subsidiarity and the Social State Clause in the Constitution of Germany." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G, (Ius) 64, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/g.2017.64.1.137.

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Hwang, Uk, and Jinkwon Lee. "Can Social Clause be Hampered by Active Green Trade Union Movements?" Journal of Economic Studies 35, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30776/jes.35.2.1.

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Orbie, Jan, Hendrik Vos, and Liesbeth Taverniers. "EU trade policy and a social clause : a question of competences ?" Politique européenne 17, no. 3 (2005): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/poeu.017.0159.

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WILLIAMSON, HUGH. "BRIEFING:The social clause case Trade works better with minimum labour standards." New Economy 3, no. 4 (December 1996): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0041.1996.tb00156.x.

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Coughlin, Cletus C., Joseph V. Terza, and Noor Aini Khalifah. "The Determinants of Escape Clause Petitions." Review of Economics and Statistics 71, no. 2 (May 1989): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1926982.

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Díaz, Edgar. "Constructing Cohesive Meaning: A Textual Analysis of Diseases in an 11th-Grade U.S. History Textbook." International Journal on Social and Education Sciences 3, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.84.

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Social studies texts often pose a challenge for readers because of their complex linguistics features, which can cause comprehension issues. Drawing upon Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this study examines how authors create cohesive messages and meaning in an 11th-grade U.S. history textbook in relation to the history of diseases. Findings reveal four main cohesive resources: (1) referring words, (2) ellipses, (3) lexical cohesion, and (4) text connectives, are utilized to construct a message that holds together and builds from clause to clause. Consequently, a responsibility is placed on the reader to track the participant(s) while also forcing them to track the events in the rest of the clause. Although the function of cohesive resources helps the writer to express their ideas, it may also impede novice readers, such as emergent bilinguals, from keeping track of all the participants and information. Implications provide ways social studies teachers can take up a role as a language teacher to support comprehension of social studies content and language development.

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Gamonal, Sergio. "Labour Obligations in the US-Chile Free Agreement: The Illusion of Soft Law." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 27, Issue 4 (December 1, 2011): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2011026.

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This article focuses on the effects on labour of the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The author makes a brief introductory reference to the origins of international labour law and the new developments in worker protection in times of globalization, highlighting the social clause, among other mechanisms. The social clause in Chapter 18 of the United States-Chile FTA is examined, basically identifying four types of standards: Labour commitments, labour obligations, cooperation, and procedures. Since labour commitments constitute soft law guidelines, their practical efficacy is equivalent to that of a policy statement. On the other hand, a breach of Labour Obligations can result in financial penalties for the offender. However, these Labour Obligations are limited to monitoring the enforcement of each Member State's existing labour laws. The social clause is, therefore, fairly sterile, and the author concludes that the worker protection mechanisms in this type of FTA are in need of reformulation.

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Garibay, Montserrat González. "NAFTA versus NAALC: de mediërende rol van de sociale clausule ten aanzien van de effecten van vrijhandel." Res Publica 49, no. 4 (October 2007): 628–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/rp/048647002007049004005.

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Keevallik, Leelo. "The Interdependence of Bodily Demonstrations and Clausal Syntax." Research on Language & Social Interaction 46, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2013.753710.

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