Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Classroom peer'
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Hwung, Alex. "Peer Misbehavior Effects in the Classroom." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1345.
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This paper seeks to evaluate the effects of peer misbehavior in the classroom on student learning outcomes--namely, if there is any truth behind the old saying that “one bad apple ruins the bunch”. Using experimental data, I show that there is a strong initial relationship between the level of misbehavior in a given classroom and performance on a mathematics evaluation; however, the inclusion of lagged peer achievement in the model causes most of that relationship to be absorbed away, suggesting that the bulk of peer effects stem more from the academic performance of other students than from their behavior.
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Edelman, Brent Michael. "Classroom Peer Effects, Effort, and Race." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/91049.
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EconomicsPh.D.
This dissertation develops a theoretical model of educational peer effects and then empirically tests whether or not they exist. In the theoretical model, each student selects an effort level to maximize utility; this effort choice depends on his peer group's effort and race. The students' equilibrium effort expression results in hypotheses that can be directly investigated empirically, a definition of the social multiplier, and conditions under which a social multiplier exists. The empirical model uses student-level data with observations on complete classrooms and two measures of effort, self-assessed effort and time spent studying, to investigate whether or not peer effects exist. The estimation results of the empirical model, interpreted using a simulation-based technique, find a positive relationship between the amount of time a student spends studying and time spent studying by peers who share his race; for self-assessed effort, the results are ambiguous. Simulations of policy experiments show that effort is higher in more racially homogeneous classrooms and that a social multiplier exists for both a reduction in the time a student spends working at a part time job and an increase in the student's socioeconomic status.
Temple University--Theses
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Branham, Cassandra A. "Electronic Peer Feedback in a Collaborative Classroom." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3987.
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This study examines the ways in which frequency and reflexivity affect student engagement with the peer feedback process. I study the peer e-feedback sessions conducted via My Reviewers in a pilot model of Composition 2 at a large research university in the southeast in order to determine if an increased focus on the peer feedback activity might enhance the effectiveness of the process. Through textual analysis and survey results, I determine that an increased focus on electronic peer feedback along with an increase in frequency and reflexivity helps to minimize some common criticisms of the peer feedback process. In this pilot model, the instructor plays an increased role in the peer feedback process and students are also asked to create a detailed revision plan. These elements of the process help to address the criticism that students have difficulty addressing the validity of peer feedback and minimizes the likelihood that students will incorporate incorrect feedback into their revision plans (Ferris; Stanley). Additionally, students in this study demonstrate an increased understanding of the purpose of the feedback process through an increase in revision-oriented comments as they gain more experience with the activity.
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McCauley, Amy R. "Peer response in the basic writing classroom." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1265087.
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This study describes the conversations that emerged during structured and unstructured peer response sessions in a basic writing classroom. The evidence suggests that the students were more likely to discuss both global and local issues in their writing when their teacher provided them with a structured set of questions to answer during response sessions. Additionally, the degree to which the students internalized these structured patterns of response and transferred them to the unstructured writing workshop sessions varied significantly among groups of students. While some students used the guided response questions to build beneficial writing-reading relationships with their peers and learn new methods for responding to writing, others kept the structured and unstructured response sessions almost entirely separate. These results raise questions regarding how students' sense of ownership over their own writing and motivation to participate in a community of writers affect the degree to which they internalize the patterns of response that are encouraged by their teacher during structured peer response sessions.Department of English
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Neff, Peter Edward. "Peer Review Use in the EFL Writing Classroom." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/329896.
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CITE/Language ArtsEd.D.
This study was an examination of peer review use in English composition courses at a Japanese university. Approximately 100 students in four writing classes engaged in four modes of peer review modes: face-to-face, handwritten (both on-draft and using an evaluation sheet), and computer-assisted. The learners in the study represented a range of proficiencies, from lower-intermediate to advanced, so the assigned writing passages were limited to single paragraphs rather than full-length essays, which has typically been the case in prior research in this area. Each peer review session was preceded by training in peer review, including modeling and whole-class editing, as well as suggestions for each particular mode the learners participated in. After each session, students completed questionnaires in order to assess their evaluations of the activities, both as reviewers and comment receivers. The questionnaire data were then analyzed using a variety of statistical methods--including Rasch analysis descriptive statistics, and parametric and non-parametric measures--first to validate the questionnaire instrument, and second to ascertain the degree to which each peer review modes was viewed favorably or unfavorably received by the participants. Additionally, the participants' written drafts and peer comments were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed in order to answer several research questions that focused on: the number and type of peer suggestions the learners made in each mode, the number and type of suggestions that were incorporated into later drafts by the authors, the degree to which suggestions and revisions were affected by learner proficiency, and the accuracy of the peer suggestions. For the research questions concerned with learner evaluations of the peer review modes, findings were mixed. The participants responded favorably to reading others' drafts and receiving comments, but they were less comfortable reviewing and making suggestions for their peers. Computer-assisted peer review was the most positively received overall, particularly from those in the High Proficiency Group. Person measures for Low Proficiency learners, on the other hand, were generally higher for on-draft peer review, while those for Intermediate Proficiency participants tended not to indicate strong endorsement for any particular mode. In order to answer the next set of research questions, the participants' drafts and peer suggestions were analyzed. Most of the learners' suggestions, particularly for those in the Low Proficiency Group, tended to be local in nature, concerning such areas as word choice, grammar, and mechanics; fewer suggestions were made at the sentence- or whole-text-level. In terms of incorporation of suggestion by authors into later drafts, oral peer review led to the highest rate of suggested revisions while review using an evaluation sheet of guided questions resulted in the lowest rate. Learner proficiency did not have a significant bearing on suggestions or revisions, except in the case of the High Proficiency Group, whose members made significantly more suggestions during computer-assisted peer review than during the other modes. Finally, over 73% of peer suggestions were determined to be accurate across all four modes. These findings indicate that peer review can work on even the most limited of scales with learners of even modest language proficiency. No single mode of peer review succeeded in all areas, and instructors are encouraged to blend different modes if possible. However, if a single mode is preferred or required, computer-assisted review is strong choice.
Temple University--Theses
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Wells, Stephanie A. "Peer critiques in the classroom : are they accurate? /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3099644.
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Fortner, C. Kevin. "Within classroom peer effects and tracking: assessing the impact of classroom peer variation and ability tracking with disaggregated high school data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37092.
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This dissertation focuses on two distinct relationships: 1) classroom peer ability and student end-of-course test outcomes and 2) school tracking policy and student end-of-course test outcomes. Utilizing the education production function and hierarchical linear models, this dissertation contributes to the literature in the field of public policy by extending the work of previous scholars and focusing attention on these relationships in three high school subjects (English I, Algebra I, and Biology). In addition, I present a novel method for identifying tracking intensity within schools. The primary research questions addressed in the dissertation include: 1) To what extent does the ability level of classroom peers contribute to student test score performance?; 2) Does the variability of prior achievement within classrooms correlate with student test score outcomes?; and 3) Is there a relationship between school tracking policy and student test scores? Collectively these questions directly relate to policy options at the school, district, and state levels.
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Fedeli, Emanuele. "The classroom as a sorting machine: The influence of teachers, friends, and peers on students’ outcomes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/273813.
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The work emphasizes that the roots of inequality find fertile breeding grounds on the educational systems and focuses on classroom aiming to understand possible sources of inequality among mates because it is an environment where students interact, sharing much time together. In detail, I investigate how hierarchies, networks of friends, and classroom peers influence students’ motivations, aspirations, academic competences, behaviors, and educational choices.
In chapter I of this work, I outline a theoretical framework arguing that classroom inequality is a result of varying characteristics of the interacting actors such as their gender, age, ethnic origin, socioeconomic background as well as academic competencies. The classroom sorting of students with specific characteristics broadly depends on formal and informal institutional rules. To shed light on these patterns of educational systems, I rely on three distinct concepts, such as inequality, diversity, and sorting.
In chapter II of this work, I test whether teachers’ grading is an inequality-enhancing factor in Italy. Previous contributions suggest that teacher’s grading is biased by preferences and stereotypes. My idea is that teachers’ grading standards might produce a hierarchy among students, even among equally able students. This hierarchy, in turn, could have a pervasive influence on students’ perception of their own competencies, thereby influencing their academic achievement, motivation, and self-stigma.
In chapter III, I investigate the extent to which extent smoking and drinking friends lead to emulate the same behavior in a critical age like the adolescence. Unhealthy habits dramatically affect life expectancy, above all, when rooted in the early stage of individual development. In addition, I analyze if non-reciprocal friendship matters more or not as a driver of the behavior emulation because adolescents desire to be accepted.
In final chapter IV, I test to what extent the presence of students with a migration background affects several outcomes in classrooms, including students’ attitudes and anti-social behavior. Italy is dealing with a dramatic increase of immigrant students since the late ‘80s, but a series of data suggest that the school is not well equipped for this challenge.
Overall, the thesis aims to contribute to important theoretical debates in the sociology and economics of education, such as the role of relative positions in the social environment (chapter II), peer effects in critical developmental stages (chapter III), and the social integration in heterogeneous contexts (chapter IV). However, it aims also to inform policymakers on possible side effects of current widespread educational practices such as grading on a curve (chapter II), the actual role of peers in the spreading of unhealthy behaviors among adolescents (chapter III), and the need of imposing interventions devoted to optimizing classrooms compositions (chapter IV).
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Hansen, Sarah. "Pivotal Play: Peer Mediated Intervention in the Preschool Classroom." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20688.
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Inclusive preschool settings often provide benefits for children with special needs. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for isolation from peers and have benefited from a range of social communication interventions. Joint attention is a pivotal skill under researched in natural settings. Research is needed on joint attention within natural settings and with naturally occurring partners such as parents or peers. The proposed study uses an interventionist and peer delivered joint attention intervention in a multiple baseline design across child-peer dyads in inclusive preschool classrooms. Data are collected on increase in response to joint attention skills as well as peer bids to the target child.
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Nordkvist, Sara. "Peer Review in the English Classroom -A Learner Perspective." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75537.
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This degree project essay presents a lesson study where a group of learners of English 6 in upper secondary school try peer review as a part of their writing process during two lessons and share their experience. The aims of this degree project essay are to find out how learners of English in upper secondary school feel about peer review as a strategy to develop their writing skills, and how it can be taught in a successful way. The lesson study includes peer review sessions where the students are provided with instructions on what peer review is, how to conduct a peer review, and material to support them through the peer review process. The lessons and materials are designed to meet the issues brought up in previous research on the use of peer review in the L2 classroom and students’ attitudes regarding it. A focus group share their thoughts in semi-structured interviews and their answers are discussed in relation to previous research. Data collected after the first lesson is used to design the second lesson to better meet the students perceived needs. The second lesson is then evaluated by the same focus group. The main issues brought up in the source material as well as in the focus group interviews are as follows: how peer review can succeed, why it is useful, anxiety in giving and receiving feedback and how to ease the anxiety among the students. The data collected shows that the learners are overall positive and see several benefits of using the method of peer review in the English class. One prominent issue brought up in the focus group interviews is anxiety and several suggestions on how to avoid and overcome that issue are discussed.
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Krueger, Karin Dorothy. "Peer Response Groups in the ESOL Classroom : A Study." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4492.
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This qualitative study is introduced through a discussion of peer response groups and the researcher's interest in them. The guiding question of whether peer response groups are as useful for teaching writing ESOL classrooms as in first language classrooms is stated along with supplementary research questions. These are fol lowed by a review of relevant theories and summaries of peer response group hi story, social and cultural factors, and research done on peer response groups in first and additional language classrooms.
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Mehtaji, Meera. "USING CLASSROOM SOCIAL DYNAMICS TO UNDERSTAND CLASSROOM ADJUSTMENT BY STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5157.
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This study aimed to understand constructs related to classroom social dynamics in a sample (n = 1863) of rural middle school students. First, it used latent profile analysis to classify classrooms based on classroom norm salience. Next, the study used the Hierarchical Linear Model to study the influence of classroom norm salience on the social roles and reputations, social network centrality, bullying involvement, and school belonging of students with disabilities. There were four major findings. First, classrooms were classified into two distinct categories based on students’ social reputations, which were positively associated with peer-nominated popularity: High Aggression Norm Salience Classrooms and High Academic/Prosocial Norm Salience Classrooms. Second, there were significant differences by class type in two specific social characteristics: students with disabilities were more likely to get their way and be nominated as leaders in classrooms classified as High Aggression Norm Salience Classrooms. Third, there was no difference in either social network centrality or bullying involvement of students with disabilities by class type. Fourth, students with disabilities were more likely to feel school belonging in classrooms that were identified as High Academic/Prosocial Norm Salience Classrooms. The implications for practice and policy are discussed.
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Bussone, Krista Ann D'Albenzio. "Making Friends: Teacher Influence on Students' Peer Relationships." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/122942.
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School PsychologyPh.D.
A total of 236 kindergarten to eighth grade students and 15 teachers from an elementary school in a northeastern U.S. city provided information about their perceptions of teacher involvement in students' peer relationships. Students provided additional information about classroom social networks. Both students and teachers indicated that they perceive teachers to be important in student peer relationships. None of the teacher characteristics (including teacher education, years of teaching, or ethnicity) were related to teacher perceptions of involvement in students' peer relationships. In lower grade groups (kindergarten to second grade), there were significant sex differences, with boys rating their teachers as more involved than girls; sex differences were not significant in either the middle (third to fifth grade) or upper (sixth to eighth grade) grade groups. As hypothesized, there were significant differences between grade groups, with students in the lower grades rating their teacher as more involved than students in either the middle or upper grade groups, and middle grade groups rating their teachers as more involved than the upper grade groups. Teacher and student perceptions of teacher involvement in students' peer relationships were then analyzed to determine whether these perceptions were related to classroom cohesiveness, as measured by social networks. The results were not significant, indicating that teacher and student perceptions of teacher involvement in students' peer relationships were not related to classroom social networks. This research provides a first look into both teacher and student perceptions into teacher involvement in classroom peer relationships, which school psychologists can use to help teachers construct supportive classroom environments. This research is a case study of one school, and therefore generalization from this sample is difficult. Future research should examine this element in schools of varying climate and region.
Temple University--Theses
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Maurer, A. Caroline. "Peer dialogue at literacy centers in one first-grade classroom." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211984125.
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Davenport, David Chanson. "Examining Peer Perceptions of Humorous Communication in the College Classroom." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/42.
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The majority of instructional communication literature has historically focused on the positive outcomes of incorporating humor into the classroom. However, despite the clearly documented instructional benefits of humorous communication, the literature tends to focus solely on instructor-enacted humor. However, humor is not a homogenous concept; therefore, it is imperative to examine it from a number of contexts, including student-enacted humor. Although the Instructional Humor Processing Theory (IHPT) has made a number of theoretical advances in exploring humorous communication in the classroom, it still lacks adequate explanatory power, particularly when examining student-enacted humor. Thus, four expansions to IHPT are proposed: to incorporate (a) the interpersonal attraction experienced toward the sender, (b) the humor orientation of the receiver, (c) the enacted humor style of the sender, and (d) the receiver’s perception of the classroom climate. Results indicate that the aforementioned expansions are theoretically pertinent to examining student-student humorous communication and warrant future research for inclusion to IHPT. The study also discovered sex differences regarding the message sender, along with interaction effects between the sex of the sender and receiver. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, and directions for future research are provided.
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Jamison, Rhonda Sue. "Classroom Model and Peer Influence: The Relationship Between Preschoolers' Behavior and Academic Achievement in the Classroom." UNF Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/213.
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Research indicates that classroom behaviors in students may be good predictors of academic success. The present study investigated the relationship between classroom peers, positive and negative classroom behaviors, early literacy and mathematics ability, and classroom model in 214 predominately low-income preschool children in 21 classes across a six-county area. It was hypothesized that peer classroom behavior would be a significant predictor of individual child ability and that peers would have differential influence across classroom models. Results indicated that peer classroom behavior was not a significant predictor of individual child ability. Individual child classroom behaviors, specifically positive behaviors, emerged as a significant predictor of child ability. Peer ability and peer positive classroom behaviors emerged as significant predictors of individual child ability in classrooms that were structured with an academically directed model, but not in classrooms that were more structured with a combination of academic and child-centered models.
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Illana-Mahiques, Emilia. "Deconstructing peer review in the Spanish writing classroom: a mixed methods study." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6770.
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This study explores learners’ online peer review practices during a four-week second language writing project. The project was developed at the college level, in a multi-section upper-level Spanish writing course. Using theories relevant to second language acquisition and second language writing the goals of the study were multiple: (1) to identify the types of comments students used and explore peer review in terms of the givers’ and receivers’ roles, (2) to examine students’ attitudes and self-perceptions about peer review, and (3) to develop an understanding of how students’ attitudes and self-perceptions may influence their feedback-giving procedures.
The three goals were addressed using different methods of inquiry, and the findings obtained in the first phase guided the analysis that took place during the second phase. In the quantitative phase, the analyses of data sources (e.g., feedback comments given and received and students’ written drafts) show that giving feedback is a better predictor of final performance than receiving feedback. This principle of learning by reviewing is most evident when students offer feedback that identifies problems, gives a justification, or explains positive elements in the peers’ text.
The qualitative phase builds on the quantitative results: it zooms in to the role of the feedback giver to further explore participants’ attitudes and perceptions towards peer review. The analyses of data sources (e.g., pre-study questionnaire, participants’ interviews and peer review simulation activity, and the teacher-researcher reflective journal) show that students do self-position themselves into a specific feedback-giving role. Moreover, the study also confirms that students’ perceptions regarding their attitudes and the comments they give to peers accurately corroborate their actual peer review performance.
By combining both methods of inquiry, quantitative and qualitative methods, this study further examines the specific procedures that two case study students follow when offering feedback to a peer. In particular, the procedures for offering problem identification, suggestion, and explanation of the praise comments are analyzed in detail. The results are further interpreted through the lenses of the feedback-giving roles assumed by each of the case study students.
Based on the overall findings, the study suggests broadening the notion of feedback: from a unilateral perspective in which comments are addressed from feedback givers to receivers, to a multilateral perspective in which the comments offered are meant to benefit both feedback givers and feedback receivers. The study ends with pedagogical implications for second language learning, implications for the field of second language acquisition, and perspectives for future research.
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Yuen, Hon-ming Jacky, and 袁漢明. "Implementing peer assessment and self-assessment in a Hong Kong classroom." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31944966.
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Everly, Elise L. "Child and Classroom Characteristics Associated with Stability of Peer Victimization Status." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou161917662279201.
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Kildow, Natasha M. "Cyberbullying when peer bullying moves from the classroom to the home /." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008kildown.pdf.
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Lanier, Sonya T. "Multiple aspects of children's perceptions of classroom peer support and adjustment." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7671.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Counseling and Personnel Services. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Yuen, Hon-ming Jacky. "Implementing peer assessment and self-assessment in a Hong Kong classroom." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19883535.
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Ireland, Dennis V. "The implementation of a collaborative peer interactive mathematics classroom learning environment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1302.
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In this study, the students in my Year 8 high school mathematics class and I set out to develop a functional and effective collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment. This research was informed by the multiple theoretical perspectives of collaborative learning in mathematics education, Vygotskian learning and teaching approaches, and the Constructivist referent for pedagogic practices. Merging these perspectives into a viable foundation for our classroom practices led to the successful development of our collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment.Working in groups of three or four, the students developed their social norms and utilised a collaborative approach to their learning of mathematics. Groups engaged in discussion, explanation, negotiation, peer teaching, giving help, receiving help and consensus building as part of their daily routine in our classroom. I kept qualitative and quantitative records of our progress as we worked to improve our collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment during the first six months of the school year. I collected daily fieldnotes, audio and video recordings, observations taken by researcher colleagues, learning environment surveys and a variety of other artefacts. All of this data was analysed daily, weekly and monthly, so producing the monthly narratives upon which we based our determination of the success of this implementation.By adopting a Vygotskian perspective we utilised our peer interactive environment to develop and enhance 'scientific' and 'everyday' concepts through individual and group dynamic, overlapping (multiple) 'zones of proximal development' as well as our classwide 'zone of proximal development'. Our constructivist perspective aided us in focusing on our prior knowledge and experiences, which in turn enhanced the effectiveness of our collaborative classroom learning environment. We utilised the MCI and CLES learning environment measures to direct our endeavours to further improve our collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment. The detailed analysis of the data from Months 1, 2 and 3 of this implementation, coupled with highlight analysis of the data from Months 4, 5 and 6, led me to conclude that teachers and their students can develop a functional and effective collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment based on the multiple theoretical perspectives utilised in this study.This research improved my practice as a teacher and provided a functional and effective collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment for the students to work in. It informed many of the calls for further research of this type and established that the theoretical concepts, upon which the implementation was founded, were valuable and useful in the practical setting of our collaborative peer interactive classroom. The findings are also valuable for the support which they offer to the latest movements in education, particularly the student-centred, outcomes-based approaches to learning and teaching. These approaches advocate the use of collaborative learning environments, and this study provides strong guidance as to how such environments can be successfully implemented.
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Ireland, Dennis V. "The implementation of a collaborative peer interactive mathematics classroom learning environment." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9735.
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In this study, the students in my Year 8 high school mathematics class and I set out to develop a functional and effective collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment. This research was informed by the multiple theoretical perspectives of collaborative learning in mathematics education, Vygotskian learning and teaching approaches, and the Constructivist referent for pedagogic practices. Merging these perspectives into a viable foundation for our classroom practices led to the successful development of our collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment.Working in groups of three or four, the students developed their social norms and utilised a collaborative approach to their learning of mathematics. Groups engaged in discussion, explanation, negotiation, peer teaching, giving help, receiving help and consensus building as part of their daily routine in our classroom. I kept qualitative and quantitative records of our progress as we worked to improve our collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment during the first six months of the school year. I collected daily fieldnotes, audio and video recordings, observations taken by researcher colleagues, learning environment surveys and a variety of other artefacts. All of this data was analysed daily, weekly and monthly, so producing the monthly narratives upon which we based our determination of the success of this implementation.By adopting a Vygotskian perspective we utilised our peer interactive environment to develop and enhance 'scientific' and 'everyday' concepts through individual and group dynamic, overlapping (multiple) 'zones of proximal development' as well as our classwide 'zone of proximal development'. Our constructivist perspective aided us in focusing on our prior knowledge and experiences, which in turn enhanced the effectiveness of our collaborative ++classroom learning environment. We utilised the MCI and CLES learning environment measures to direct our endeavours to further improve our collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment. The detailed analysis of the data from Months 1, 2 and 3 of this implementation, coupled with highlight analysis of the data from Months 4, 5 and 6, led me to conclude that teachers and their students can develop a functional and effective collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment based on the multiple theoretical perspectives utilised in this study.This research improved my practice as a teacher and provided a functional and effective collaborative peer interactive classroom learning environment for the students to work in. It informed many of the calls for further research of this type and established that the theoretical concepts, upon which the implementation was founded, were valuable and useful in the practical setting of our collaborative peer interactive classroom. The findings are also valuable for the support which they offer to the latest movements in education, particularly the student-centred, outcomes-based approaches to learning and teaching. These approaches advocate the use of collaborative learning environments, and this study provides strong guidance as to how such environments can be successfully implemented.
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Cote, Robert Arthur. "The Role of Student Attitude towards Peer Review in Anonymous Electronic Peer Review in an EFL Writing Classroom." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/307005.
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Over the past 30 years, there has been little consensus on the benefits of peer review (PR) with respect to the teaching of expository writing in English to non-native speakers. Lu & Bol (2007) reported on several ESL writing instruction studies (Chaudron, 1983; Mangelsdorf, 1992; Paulus, 1999) that suggested peer feedback was as good as, and in some cases better than teacher feedback in helping revise and improve students' papers (p. 101). Brammer & Rees (2007), however, reported, "We frequently hear students complain bitterly that peer review is a waste of time or blame their peers for `not catching all the mistakes' and students do not stay on task during the peer review process" (p. 71). The literature also identifies social issues that can negatively affect the outcome of face-to-face PR, such as students being easily biased or not honest when providing feedback due to friendship, gender, race, interpersonal relationships, or personal preferences (Carson & Nelson, 1996; Ghorpade & Lackritz, 2001; MacLeod, 1999; Nilson, 2003; Zhao, 1998). To maximize the benefits of PR and reduce social interferences, this study incorporated anonymous electronic-peer review with 25 EFL students enrolled in an expository writing class in Spain. The goal of this dissertation is to explore the relationship between students' attitudes towards peer review and one) the amount and type of corrections a student makes to an essay in anonymous electronic-peer review, and two) the amount and type of corrections a student incorporates into his/her original essay after receiving feedback from a peer. The participants completed several Likert questionnaires, participated in PR training, wrote two drafts of an essay and were interviewed. The interviews provided data not only on the corrections mentioned above, but also how the participants viewed the experience, the effects PR had on their writing, insecurities about their English writing skills, and confidence they had in themselves and their peers based on perceived target language competence. Findings include discussion on perceptions and implications of electronic peer review on EFL learners' ability to provide helpful feedback and the willingness of the students to participate in peer review again in the future.
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Nasi, Nicola <1991>. "Performing inclusion and exclusion in the peer group. Children's social organization and peer socializing practices in the classroom." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10059/1/Nicola%20Nasi%2C%20PhD%20thesis.pdf.
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This PhD thesis investigates children’s peer practices in two primary schools in Italy, focusing on the ordinary and the Italian L2 classroom. The study is informed by the paradigm of language socialization and considers peer interactions as a ‘double opportunity space’, allowing both children’s co-construction of their social organization and children’s sociolinguistic development. These two foci of attention are explored on the basis of children’s social interaction and of the verbal, embodied, and material resources that children agentively deploy during their mundane activities in the peer group.
The study is based on a video ethnography that lasted nine months. Approximately 30 hours of classroom interactions were video-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with an approach that combines the micro-analytic instruments of Conversation Analysis and the use of ethnographic information. Three main social phenomena were selected for analysis: (a) children’s enactment of the role of the teacher, (b) children’s reproduction of must-formatted rules, and (c) children’s argumentative strategies during peer conflict. The analysis highlights the centrality of the institutional frame for children’s peer interactions in the classroom. Moreover, the study illustrates that children socialize their classmates to the linguistic, social, and moral expectations of the context in and through various practices. Notably, these practices are also germane to the local negotiation of children’s social organization and hierarchy.
Therefore, the thesis underlines that children’s peer interactions are both a resource for children’s sociolinguistic development and a potentially problematic locus where social exclusion is constructed and brought to bear. These insights are relevant for teachers’ professional practice. Children’s peer interactions are a resource that can be integrated in everyday didactics. Nevertheless, the role of the teacher in supervising and steering children’s peer practices appears crucial: an acritical view of children’s autonomous work, often implied in teaching methods such as peer tutoring, needs to be problematized.
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Stone, Roy Charles. "Does the homogenous classroom setting perpetuate masculine conversational participation patterns : Aspects of gender identity examined in the homogenous classroom setting." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176162.
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Drawing on a Norwegian empirical study of girls’ and boys’ teacher-led classroom conversation participation, this paper focuses on how students attending an upper secondary school vocational programs, participate in classroom discussion when observed in homogenous groups. This quantitative study has shown that gender identities associated with heterogeneous conversational patterns as exaggerated when observing homogenous classroom participation. The discussion describes not only the influences of class and peer group pressure to explain this phenomenon, in addition clarifies the contextual difference in quality when girls take the floor in a homogenous classroom setting.
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McConnell, Melody Dawn. "Interaction and Innovation: The Impacts of Social Factors and Classroom Type on University Biology Instructor Classroom Assessment Decisions." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/32061.
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Efforts to improve university science education continue to emphasize the importance of active learning, including frequent formative assessment and timely feedback that helps students reach desired learning outcomes. Yet, nationwide, many instructors continue to use primarily lecture-based teaching methods, with limited use of formative assessment and feedback. Factors that affect instructor adoption and implementation of new teaching techniques include departmental norms, peer interaction, and classroom environment. In this work, a model of the impacts of departmental teaching and social norms and peer interactions on instructor innovation decision is presented. This model is then used to explore 1) instructor teaching-related interactions within a single biology department, assessing the conditions for innovation diffusion, and 2) instructor perceptions of norms and interactions in that department and their impact on decision-making. Finally, introductory biology instructors’ use of assessment and feedback techniques were characterized in a lecture hall and an active learning classroom to see how innovation adoption translates to specific assessment practice and investigate the impact of the active learning classroom. Results indicate that perceptions and practices vary widely, but that both peer interactions and active learning classrooms may have a positive impact on teaching innovation adoption and practices in a university biology department. In addition, the pattern of interactions within this department allows instructors of varying assessment experience to interact, making it potentially conducive to the spread of teaching ideas. The model and results presented here will assist in understanding the factors involved in instructor decision-making and can be leveraged to help promote the use of formative assessment and other evidence-based teaching practices.
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McCloud, Jonathan David. "More Than a Sum of its Parts: Five Fundamentals for Formative Peer Observation of Classroom Teaching in Higher Education." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77875.
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This dissertation comprises two manuscripts formatted for publication, preceded by a brief introduction to the dissertation project. The first manuscript addresses the recent history and development of peer observation in the United States and synthesizes the body available peer observation scholarship. Five fundamental elements of peer observation (design, community, control, training, reflection) are put forth as a nexus at which meaningful and formative peer observation can be undertaken. A selection of empirically based methods for conducting peer observation is also presented. The second manuscript is a mixed-methods descriptive study of the five fundamentals of peer observation. Three academic departments at a large land-grant university were identified, via questionnaire, as having programs of peer observation that aligned with attributes of the five fundamentals. These academic departments participated in individual case studies designed to bring-about a description of the five fundamentals as they were and were not manifest in authentic university/college contexts.Ph. D.
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Sato, Masatoshi. "Peer interaction and corrective feedback: proceduralization of grammatical knowledge in classroom settings." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104584.
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This quasi-experimental study implemented an original instructional unit in second language (L2) classrooms where the learners were taught (a) how to interact with each other (peer interaction), and (b) how to provide corrective feedback (CF) to each other (peer CF). This Second Language Acquisition (SLA) intervention was examined from three different viewpoints. First, from a psycholinguistic perspective, the effect of the intervention on learners' interactional patterns as well as its effects on their L2 development (i.e., grammatical knowledge and fluent spontaneous production) were investigated. Second, the learners' perceptions (referred to in this dissertation as learner perceptions) of the intervention relative to classroom dynamics were examined to ensure its ecological validity. Third, the construct of the target of instruction (i.e., interactional oral fluency) was scrutinized so as to ensure the validity of the testing used for measuring L2 development. This exploration was informed by theoretical and methodological frameworks from Language Testing (LT) research. Four university-level required English classes in Japan participated (N = 167), each assigned to one of four treatment conditions. Of the two CF groups, one was taught to provide prompts and the other to provide recasts. A third group participated in only peer interaction activities and a fourth served as the control group. The three experimental classes were given (a) a peer-interaction awareness activity and (b) fluency-focused paired activities over one academic semester. In addition to the pre- and post-tests that examined accuracy and fluency development, all participants completed questionnaires designed to elicit their perceptions before and after the intervention. Selected learners were interviewed at the end of the semester as well. In order to explore the construct of interactional oral fluency and the validity of the measurements, speech samples were rated by human raters based on empirically-based rating scales developed specifically for this study. The results revealed that, after one semester, participants used a greater number of interactional moves hypothesized to be conducive to L2 development. Also, the two CF groups improved overall accuracy as well as fluency measured as unpruned and pruned speech rates, whereas the peer-interaction-only group outperformed the control group only on fluency measures. It is argued that while peer interaction offered opportunities for repeated practice facilitating proceduralization, CF refined learners' ability to monitor both their own output and that of their interlocutors. The questionnaire and interview data showed that participants' perceptions changed over time in certain respects. Specifically, they believed in the effectiveness of peer interaction and peer CF from the onset and, thus, no significant change was observed with their belief pertaining to the effectiveness of the intervention. However, their feelings towards peer interaction showed positive change over time. Also, those who were taught how to provide CF to their classmates became more confident in providing CF. Finally, the correlation and regression analyses of the results of the speech rates, grammatical accuracy, and rated scores both in individual and interactional contexts showed that (a) the empirically-based rating scales were reliable, with the interactional samples yielding a weaker agreement rate; (b) the individual rated scores were not significantly correlated with those of interactional performance but highly correlated with unpruned speech rates; and (c) among the four fluency measures only the pruned speech rates were a significant predictor of the grammatical accuracy scores.Cette étude quasi-expérimentale a intégré un volet d'enseignement en classe d'une langue seconde (L2) dans lequel les apprenants ont appris (a) à interagir les uns avec les autres et (b) à fournir une rétroaction corrective (RC) les uns aux autres. Cette intervention a été examinée selon trois approches. Premièrement, dans une perspective psycholinguistique, l'effet de l'intervention sur les patrons interactionnels des apprenants et ses effets sur leur développement en L2 ont été étudiés. Deuxièmement, les perceptions des apprenants sur l'intervention relative aux dynamiques de salle de classe ont été examinées. Troisièmement, la construction de l'objet d'enseignement (c'est-à-dire, la fluidité dans les interactions à l'oral) a été étudiée afin d'assurer la validité du test utilisé pour mesurer le développement de la compétence en L2. Quatre classes japonaises de mise à niveau en anglais à l'université ont participé (N = 167). Chaque classe s'est vue attribuée une des quatre conditions de traitements. Des deux groupes de RC, l'un a appris à fournir des incitations et l'autre à fournir des reformulations. Le troisième groupe a seulement participé aux activités d'interaction entre pairs et le quatrième a servi de groupe témoin. Les trois classes expérimentales ont reçu (a) une activité de prise de conscience sur les interactions entre pairs et (b) des activités en groupe de deux basées sur la fluidité à l'oral tout au long d'un semestre universitaire. En plus des pré- et des post-tests qui ont examiné le développement en termes de précision et d'aisance à l'oral des participants, ces derniers ont rempli des questionnaires établissant leurs perceptions avant et après l'intervention. De plus, des apprenants ont été choisis pour être interviewés à la fin du semestre. Afin d'explorer la construction de l'aisance des interactions à l'oral et de valider les mesures utilisées, les enregistrements ont été évalués par des examinateurs humains. Les résultats ont révélé que, après un semestre, les participants ont utilisé un plus grand nombre d'interactions supposées contribuer au développement de l'acquisition de la L2. De plus, les deux groupes RC ont amélioré leur précision et leur aisance, évaluées par des mesures de taux de discours non élagués et élagués, tandis que le groupe d'interaction entre pairs a réalisé de meilleurs résultats que le groupe témoin uniquement sur les mesures d'aisance. Il a été supposé qu'alors que les interactions entre pairs offrent des occasions pour l'entrainement répété facilitant la mise en place des procédures requises, la rétroaction corrective a permis d'affiner la capacité des apprenants à contrôler leur propre production ainsi que celle de leurs interlocuteurs. Le questionnaire et les données enregistrées des interviews ont montré que les perceptions des participants ont évolué au fil du temps dans une certaine mesure. Plus particulièrement, les participants ont, dès le début, cru en l'efficacité des interactions et de la RC entre pairs. Cependant, leurs sentiments envers les interactions entre pairs ont évolué positivement à travers le temps. De même, ceux qui ont appris à fournir une RC à leurs camarades de classe sont devenus plus confiants dans cette tâche. Enfin, les analyses de corrélation et de régression des résultats des taux de discours, de l'exactitude grammaticale et des scores réalisés aussi bien en contexte individuel qu'interactionnel indiquent que (a) les échelles d'évaluation était fiables; (b) les scores individuels n'étaient pas significativement corrélés avec ceux des performances interactionnelles, mais fortement corrélés avec ceux des taux de discours non élagués; (c) parmi les quatre mesures d'aisance, seule la mesure taux de discours élagués s'est révélé être un facteur significativement prédictif des résultats d'exactitude grammaticale.
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Fleeman, Karen B. "Classwide peer tutoring to increase spelling achievement in a third grade classroom." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1296502374.
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QUISTGAARD, PATRICIA WILLIAMS. "TEACHER PERCEPTION, PEER PERCEPTION, SELF-PERCEPTION, CLASSROOM VARIABLES, AND SOLITARY BEHAVIOR (MINNESOTA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183967.
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Various assessment measures have been used to identify socially isolated children. A model relating constructs associated with social behavior was developed to examine causal relationships among various types of assessment measures. The subjects were 267 third and fourth grade children from public school classrooms in Minnesota. Teacher perception, peer perception, self-discomfort, assertiveness, positive solitary behavior and negative solitary behavior were conceptualized as dependent latent variables. The effects of academic achievement and sex on the dependent latent variables also were examined. Observable indicators of the latent variables include peer sociometric measures; three teacher ratings of social interaction; self-report measures of assertiveness, anxiety, and loneliness; classroom observations of solitary behavior; and the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. Covariance structure analysis procedures (LISREL) were used to link observed measures of social behavior to their respective latent variables through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and to examine hypothesized causal relationships among the latent variables. CFA of the dependent variables indicated that the initial model did not provide an acceptable fit with the data. T-values indicated that the observed variables loaded on the hypothesized latent constructs except for two self-report measures. Subsequent model testing indicated that some observed variables loaded on more than one latent variable. The initial covariance structure model was revised based on the CFA. The LISREL analysis indicated that neither the initial nor the revised models of social behavior provided an adequate fit with the data. The significance of individual parameters was examined. The observed self-report measures of assertiveness, loneliness, and anxiety demonstrated low reliability. Hypotheses supported include that academic achievement was causally related to peer perception and that teacher perception, peer perception and academic achievement were causally related to the level of negative solitary behavior. The results support the assessment of perceptions of significant others and academic achievement as screening measures to identify socially isolated children. Additionally, the validity and reliability of using self-report measures with elementary students needs further investigation.
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Sage, Nicole Ann. "Peer Network Emergence and Change in the Classroom: A Multiple Systems Perspective." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/303.
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This study examined peer group processes in the classroom that can potentially explain how motivationally "rich" children get "richer" whereas motivationally "poor" children get "poorer." In contrast to research on group processes which focuses on socialization from group to individual, this study focuses on contributions from the individual to his/her group. The viewpoint taken for this study is that children actively choose group members based on their own self-system state, thereby creating their own peer environments in which they develop.Viewed as open complex systems, children's natural peer groups were examined using data collected from students and their teachers at five measurement points across a school year in four grade 4/5 classrooms. Out of 112 students, data were obtained for 94 (51 male, 43 female) children regarding their classroom engagement, peer network affiliations, and associative preferences ("ideal groups" of classmates with whom they would like to hang out). In an effort to overcome some of the challenges that group researchers face, methodologies argued to reliably capture children's networks and to measure the network's psychological characteristics were used. In addition, a hierarchical systems framework was applied whereby the underlying group processes could be examined across time. Two of seven hierarchical perspectives were used to examine influences from the individual to his/her network. Focusing first on the changing nature of a child's network, findings revealed a pattern of robust equilibrium. Networks showed an initial period of rapid change in member turnover (approximately 45%) during the first few months and then evolved quickly toward a stable (attractor) state of approximately 25% turnover the remainder of the year. Focusing next on the proximal processes by which the peer network emerges--selection and elimination--children were found to be more similar to those whom they would like to select than those whom they would like to eliminate. Taken together, the findings suggest that the child creates a peer context in the classroom that is stimulating and compatible to his/her own changes in engagement across the school year, thereby providing a possible explanation for how the motivationally "rich" get "richer" and the "poor" get "poorer".
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Boon, Stuart Ian. "How can peer assessment be used in ways which enhance the quality of younger children's learning in primary schools?" Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38029.
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Peer assessment actively engages peers in the formative assessment and evaluation of work produced by a peer. This thesis explores how social processes, such as classroom talk, influence the quality of children’s learning in more interactive contexts of PA. This focus is needed since children often find PA challenging as they may not have the interpersonal skills to collaborate effectively leading them to use talk ineffectively as a tool for learning. This research was interventionist and children in the year three and four classes I taught received Thinking Together lessons as a strategy to enhance the quality of their talk in contexts of peer assessment. Methods used to examine the impact of the talk intervention, and to gain greater insights into the role that the social context plays in peer assessment, included transcribed digital audio recordings, open ended observations, semi-structured interviews, mind maps and children’s work. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic coding analysis whilst data in transcripts were quantitatively analysed to calculate the frequency of words and phrases associated with exploratory talk before and after the intervention. Findings suggest that children’s characteristics influence the way they communicate in contexts of PA and some of the most challenging learners seemed to benefit most from the talk intervention in terms of its influence on their ability to collaborate, hypothesise and reason throughout the peer assessment tasks. The findings also draw attention to previously under-researched PA social processes such as discussion, negotiation and peer questioning that lead to outcomes for learners such as self assessment. The main conclusions drawn are that more interactive kinds of peer assessment might be viewed as a differentiated and discursive practice where teachers consider the various needs of learners, based on their individual characteristics, and provide appropriate support so they are able to collaborate and use language for mediating effective PA practice.
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Soriano, Maria Lynn. "Student-Consultant Continuum: Incorporating Writing Center Techniques of Peer Review Into the Composition Classroom." John Carroll University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=jcu1288706104.
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Eirich, Julie M. "Classroom meeting: a window into children's cultures." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1158593536.
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Ho, Man-wah Loretta. "Student interaction and writing competence within a paired writing classroom." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41758134.
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Ho, Peggy W. "The effects of peer-evaluation on self-evaluation skills in the music classroom." Thesis, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3621775.
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Self-evaluation accuracy is a necessary component of music learning. Without it, students rely on teacher feedback and do not develop skills necessary to become independent learners. While research has indicated that self-evaluation is unreliable and inaccurate, peer-evaluation has been shown to have the potential to be both reliable and accurate. Using social constructivist theory and transfer theory as conceptual frameworks, this study investigated the effects of peer-evaluation on self-evaluation skills in the music classroom.
Pretest and posttest self-evaluation scores of 42 ninth grade band students were compared with three teacher mean scores. Results found students made a slight improvement in self-evaluation accuracy after five peer-evaluations given over 10 weeks. Qualitative analysis of student feedback from peer-evaluations found students improved in both precision and use of musical language and vocabulary. To further investigate students' perception of peer-evaluation, two focus group interviews were administered.
Emerging themes suggested students have a positive impression of peer-evaluation. They found it to be a team building and motivating activity that made them want to be both honest and critical with their peer feedback. Peer-evaluation allowed students to be part of the learning process that helped them build confidence in their evaluation skills. Students found peer-evaluation to be an effective tool for developing critical thinking skills, specifically analytical listening, and were able to cite examples of how skills used and learned during peer-evaluation were transferred to their own self-evaluation skills.
As there is little research on peer-evaluation and music at the high school level, it is the hope that this research will provide a foundation for future research of peer-evaluation at all grade school levels and in all ensemble genres. In addition, this research will hopefully support the introduction of peer-evaluation as a methodology to be taught to pre-service teachers and to help dismiss previous negative notions about peer-evaluation to in-service music teachers, shedding light on the positive impacts of peer-evaluation and its possible uses with students in the music classroom.
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Thompson, John Paul. "Heterogeneous voices : a study of internalization and peer interaction in the secondary classroom." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338352.
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Tatsumoto, Mika. "Perceived effects of peer cooperation on motivation in the Japanese university EFL classroom." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1758/.
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The main aim of this study was to explore whether or not low achievers in EFL at a Japanese university perceive peer cooperation in cooperative learning contexts to be effective in improving their levels of expectancy, motivation and ultimate attainment in the L2. The main findings in this study pertain to the relationship between peer cooperation and L2 classroom motivation. The relationship involved several perceived routes which mainly indicated that the learners felt that peer cooperation had had a positive influence on their levels of motivation. The perceived routes linking peer cooperation to motivation can be roughly divided into two types; 1) the two routes which were mainly focused on in this study: through expectancy alone or a combination of levels of English and expectancy; and 2) other routes identified during the course of the study: through group cohesion and/or cohesion-generated factors (a sense of responsibility for their peers and having fun in class) or through factors related to status ordering or hierarchy among students (feelings of superiority/inferiority to their peers).
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Sikka, Denzil. "NORA : no one revises alone : classroom web application facilitating peer feedback & discussion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91869.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "December 2013."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-49).
Peer-to-peer interactions, either through discussion forums or the peer review process, provide students with essential articulation skills as they reflect and respond to the ideas of others. Unfortunately, many students lack confidence in the value of their thoughts and feedback, or students experience difficulty maintaining interest in a peer's thoughts/ideas, which results in a lack of motivation to participate or in comments that are overly superficial, flattering, or brief. The interactive application NORA emphasizes that no one reviews alone by allowing the users to write comments and then combine, like, and rearrange them on a large canvas as they analyze a piece of work, examine a topic, or provide feedback. Thus, NORA facilitates the peer review and discussion process, addressing the challenges faced by students. NORA's visual-oriented interface novel in how it presents content to the students in smaller pieces, allows several threads of comments to be seen at the same time, and provides for easy interaction between users as they write or combine comments, guiding them through specific learning goals chosen by the instructor. Targeted at college students, the application was tested in two different classes, Rhetoric and Communication and Spanish /, with different classroom activities that are typically done orally with extensive class discussion. In both classes, students analyzed the subject matter and reviewed the medium as they responded to the comments of each other and the guidelines provided by the professor. The peer-to-peer interaction allowed users to build upon each other's comments, and promoted accurate, thorough, and relevant feedback in an engaging manner. NORA was seen to encourage more interaction, draw out quieter and shyer students, and boost the number of thoughtful, analytical responses.
by Denzil Sikka.
M. Eng.
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Russ, Laura Beth. "The Effects of Peer Reporting as Positive and Negative Reinforcements of Classroom Behavior." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1235092236.
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Kuo, Chia Lin. "A quasi-experimental study of formative peer assessment in an EFL writing classroom." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2863.
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The benefits of using formative peer assessment have been broadly recognized by educators. However, in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching, research into the effectiveness of peer assessment has produced mixed results. One major focus of research is how training can influence the effectiveness of peer assessment. A number of case studies have reported positive outcomes using particular training methods, but there is relatively little research into the application of such training methods and their effects in ordinary EFL classes. This thesis reports a study of training in peer assessment in the context of a typical EFL class. The details of the training are explored in some depth, including evidence of its effects on the nature and quality of peer assessment and the reasons for those effects. A quasi-experiment was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the extensively discussed ‘Step Training’ proposed by Min. Data were collected in the form of students’ written feedback, essays, video recording, questionnaires and interviews. The nature of students’ feedback and the quality of their essays were explored. Classroom interactions were analysed and interpreted using socio-cultural theory. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed students’ attitude towards the training and perception of their capabilities in working on peer assessment. Student interview data was analysed thematically. The findings provide a complex picture of the peer assessment training. First, the ‘Step training’ appeared to lead to improvements in the quality of both essays and peer feedback. Secondly, analysis of the classroom discourse suggested that socio-cultural factors had both positive and negative effects on the students’ learning. Moreover, ANCOVA analysis of psychological features such as attitudes towards and perceptions of the peer assessment training suggested that the students were less influenced psychologically by the training. Finally, analysis of interviews identified students’ concerns about the design of the training course. In conclusion, it is suggested that for a typical EFL writing class, the effectiveness of a rigid training method such as ‘Step training’ should be reconsidered to take into account the influence of socio-cultural factors in classroom interaction. Rather than relying just on students’ end products to monitor the effectiveness of training, socio-cultural interaction should also be examined, as this is important in developing an identity as an effective peer assessor. Suggestions for improving the design of peer assessment training are provided.
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Woulds, Stephen. "Language, literacy and technology : embodied peer-interaction and collaborative writing in an ESOL classroom." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15311/.
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This study focuses on digital literacies, and real-time multimodal design, within the context of migrant adult learners in the UK. It seeks to understand the frameworks of peer-interaction when second-language learners are paired at a computer and how they negotiate second-language writing. In this research, pairs of students sharing the same language were tasked with an environmental project which included the digital design of an image, designing a four-page booklet using Publisher, a website and to produce all of these using English as a second language. The process was videoed across a threehour classroom session with four pairs of learners: Kurdish, Polish, French and Arabic. New literacies, embodied peer-interaction and second-language writing are the primary fields informing this research. The outcomes of the research are: (1) a methodology is developed for the collection and analysis of multimodal data when learners collaborate at a computer; (2) the field of new literacies is extended through an analysis of the design-process, as opposed to product-analysis; (3) a peer-interaction framework is presented which broadens our understanding of classroom interaction, including linguistic, paralinguistic and mediating resources when learners share technology; (4) the field of second-language writing is extended through an analysis of peer-writing with technology. The research concludes with a peer-interaction framework comprised of learner alignment and misalignment across language, literacy and technology. Spoken and written language goes through an iterative cycle of transformation. The central finding from the research is the naming and defining of transmodal talk within a peer-interaction framework. The sequentiality of this process has common features across all the pairs of learners. Transmodal talk is presented to identify the fluid process of transposing off-screen dialogue to on-screen text. They both shape and mediate each other through temporal mapping and polyvocality.
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Fordham, Sonja K. "Teacher and Peer Written Feedback in the ESL Composition Classroom: Appropriation, Stance, and Authorship." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577518.
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While studies have shown that teacher and peer feedback are beneficial to students, research has also found that teachers can appropriate students' texts in their feedback, taking away authorship in the process (Brannon & Knoblauch, 1982; Goldstein, 2004). The present study addressed the type of written feedback that I gave my ESL composition students and the type of feedback they gave each other during the writing process, and it examined their responses to the feedback they received. As the response stance taken when providing feedback is a determiner of the level of control the feedback conveys (Straub & Lunsford, 1995), I investigated the stances that both I and my students took while providing feedback. Since my goal had been to avoid text appropriation, I wanted to learn if I was successful in taking a less controlling stance in the feedback that I gave to my students. In addition, I wanted to discover whether the stance my students took while giving feedback would change over the course of the semester. Further, I used a consciousness-raising pedagogical tool — the Cover Sheet — to examine the responses of the students to the feedback to determine if they thought critically about the feedback they had received. At the end of the study, I discovered that my intention to only provide feedback that was not considered controlling was too idealistic and that at least for ESL students, it is easier to understand feedback if it is more direct. Additionally, I found that those students who had an easier time understanding the feedback I gave them and used it to revise their papers ended up getting a higher grade in the course.
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Peters, Ida. "Det flippade klassrummet : ur ett elevperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13239.
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Studien, som utfördes på en kommunal gymnasial och vuxenutbildning, syftar till att undersöka elevers uttryckta uppfattningar av fenomenet "det flippade klassrummet". Det flippade klassrummet är ett arbetssätt som innebär att det som traditionellt sker i klassrummet nu äger rum i hemarbetet och tvärtom. Informanterna, eleverna, fick först uppleva det flippade klassrummet genom att deltaga i lektioner planerade utifrån arbetssättet. Därefter intervjuades de i olika former. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades vilket genererade fem olika kategorier där eleverna på skilda sätt uttrycker sig om det flippade klassrummet. Den första kategorin fick benämningen "flippa klassrummet – teknik och lärande" där uttryckta uppfattningar som berör användningen av den digitala tekniken sorterats in. Den andra kategorin som uppkom vid analysen behandlar uttryckta uppfattningar där eleverna diskuterar hur det flippade klassrummet leder till en anpassning till samhällsförändring. Den tredje kategorin benämns "flippa klassrummet-leder till förändrat klassrumsklimat" där elever uttrycker att det flippade klassrummet erbjuder ett annat klassrumsklimat, i detta fall exempelvis gällande struktur och diskussioner. Den fjärde kategorin berör elevsvar där eleverna uttrycker att det flippade klassrummet leder till effektivt lärande, både i form av direkta effekter men även indirekta effekter. I den femte och sista kategorin behandlar elevsvar där eleverna uttrycker sig om hur det flippade klassrummet inverkar på dem, i både positiv och negativ mening. Resultatet visar att eleverna överlag uttrycker sig positivt om arbetssättet och påpekar både möjligheter och svårigheter. Dessa uttryckta uppfattningar kan och bör tas i beaktning av undervisande lärare.
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Richart-Mayfield, Angela J. "Influence of Nontraditional Students on Traditionals in the Community College Classroom." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3065.
Full textAbstract:
An increase in nontraditional student enrollment continues in community colleges nationwide. Little is known about the interactions between mixed-age groups of students. This qualitative collective case study explored the academic and social influences of non-traditional students on their traditional peers in the community college classroom at a large, midwestern 2-year college. Tinto's interactionalist theory framed the study. Purposeful sampling was used to select 30 participants (13 traditional students, 13 non-traditional students, and 4 instructors) who represented the college population in terms of gender and racial and ethnic diversity. Interview questions were guided by the research questions, and data were also analyzed through inductive analysis. Data were hand-coded and a constant comparative method was used to categorize data into common themes. Findings indicated that non-traditional students play a positive role in community college classrooms. They serve as mentors to their traditional classmates, building relationships and sharing life and work experiences, as well as positive behaviors that contribute to traditional students' overall success. The positive influences the data revealed from interactions between nontraditional and traditional students included improvement in learning, retention, engagement, and confidence. Findings contributed to social change as nontraditional students' influence on traditional students could serve as a catalyst for practices that will benefit all community college students.
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Johnson, Camela Y. "Effects of a Positive Peer Reporting Intervention on Prosocial Interactions in a General Education Classroom." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/53.
Full textAbstract:
Methods for promoting prosocial behavior in educational settings are many and varied. This literature review presents a context for defining and understanding prosocial behavior, including comparisons and contrasts with other behavioral concepts and terms. Understanding peer factors in the development of prosocial behavior can enhance the development and implementation of peer-based interventions. The four main types of peer-based interventions discussed are cooperative-learning groups, group-contingency plans, peer helpers, and positive peer reporting. Each of these interventions has a place in educational settings and should be utilized with social context and individual student characteristics in mind. Behavioral interventions that improve the overall classroom learning environment and are simple to implement and maintain are highly desirable for large general education settings. The accompanying study investigated the effects of a positive peer reporting (PPR) intervention on the social interactions of a group of 2nd grade general education students by using a modified replication of methods from the Grieger, Kaufman, and Grieger (1976) study. This study evaluated the effects of a peer reporting intervention on students’ social interactions. A withdrawal design was used to evaluate the changes in the level of students’ prosocial interactions across baseline and intervention phases. Visual analysis of the data across phases indicated that the percentage of intervals in which students engaged in prosocial interactions increased during the intervention phases, most notably after the initial implementation of the PPR intervention. Social validity data gathered from the participating teacher, students, and parents, indicated positive attitudes about the intervention and its impact on student behavior. These results add to the existing body of literature which demonstrates the success of PPR interventions for increasing students’ level of prosocial behaviors.
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Krause, Kerri-Lee, and ケリー・リー クラウズ. "Beyond Classroom Walls : Students' Out-of-class Peer Experiences and Implications for Teaching and Learning." 名古屋大学高等教育研究センター, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7732.
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Carling, Johanna. "Peer Feedback in the EFL Classroom : A Systematic Literature Review of Practices, Effects and Perceptions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104869.
Full textAbstract:
This systematic literature review investigates peer feedback in EFL education. Findings on practices, effects and teacher- and student perceptions of peer feedback are drawn together and thereby a multifaceted understanding of the phenomenon in EFL-related research is offered. The purpose of the study is to review and systematize previous research in order to enhance the understanding of peer feedback practices, effects and perceptions. Ten articles of practices, effects and perceptions were selected for this systematic literature review. The findings indicate that peer feedback is effective as it contributes to students’ written and oral L2 development. Organized feedback from teachers is more effectful as it gives learners clear instructions of what to focus on. Therefore, the teacher has an important role in peer feedback practices in order to make it as efficient as possible. Teacher- and student perceptions were both positive and negative. Teachers reported learners’ ability to identify errors in peer’s performance as a benefit. Yet, lack of knowledge, incompatibility with the educational system and learners’ low proficiency level were reported motives for not using peer feedback in their EFL classroom. Students perceived peer feedback as useful as it improved their L2 learning. Organized peer feedback was particularly highlighted. Lack of confidence due to limited proficiency level, interpersonal relationships, motivation and time were reported as difficulties in peer feedback practices. Further research in the field of the teacher role in peer feedback is requested.