Relevant bibliographies by topics / Classroom outcomes

Academic literature on the topic 'Classroom outcomes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Classroom outcomes"

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Ohtani, Kazuhiro, and Ryo Okada. "Relationship between classroom social goal structures, gender, and social outcomes in Japanese elementary school children." School Psychology International 39, no. 5 (July 30, 2018): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034318788120.

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This study examines the interaction between gender and classroom social goal structures and the impact they have on children's prosocial behaviors and classroom adjustment. Specifically, classroom social goal structures (consisting of prosocial and compliance goal structure) are the degree to which focal social goals are presented in classrooms. Numerous previous studies have tested the gender differences in social outcomes; however, the results of such past studies have been mixed, as some detected gender differences while others did not. This suggests the existence of moderator variables. Consequently, in this research, we focused on classroom-level moderators in the relationship between gender and social outcomes. We analysed a sample of 3,609 Japanese public elementary school children from 114 classrooms, and we detected the presence of cross-level interactions and found that classroom social goal structures can promote or degrade boys' social outcomes.
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Bulotsky Shearer, Rebecca J., Krystal Bichay-Awadalla, Jhonelle Bailey, Jenna Futterer, and Cathy Huaqing Qi. "Teacher–Child Interaction Quality Buffers Negative Associations Between Challenging Behaviors in Preschool Classroom Contexts and Language and Literacy Skills." Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 40, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271121420947155.

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Guided by an ecological model, we tested whether teacher–child interaction quality buffered the negative associations between challenging behavior within preschool classroom contexts and language and literacy skills. Associations were examined for a sample of children enrolled an urban Head Start program ( N = 304 children across 53 classrooms). Findings from multilevel models supported direct associations between challenging behaviors within preschool learning contexts and language outcomes. Higher instructional support was associated with higher language and literacy outcomes for all children within classrooms regardless of behavioral risk. Higher classroom organization was directly associated with higher classroom literacy skills. Emotional support moderated associations between challenging behaviors in teacher contexts and literacy outcomes. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
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Dills, Angela K. "CLASSROOM DIVERSITY AND ACADEMIC OUTCOMES." Economic Inquiry 56, no. 1 (July 25, 2017): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12481.

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Xing, Xiufeng, and Sayed Saghaian. "Learning Outcomes of a Hybrid Online Virtual Classroom and In-Person Traditional Classroom during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095263.

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This paper explores the effects of using a hybrid virtual/traditional classroom, a blended teaching and learning approach, on undergraduate learning outcomes during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the prominent problems that appeared in the process of online teaching and learning and to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on undergraduates’ learning outcomes in public universities in China. The field of specialization of the subjects of this study is under the rubric of social science and higher education. We designed and conducted a pilot survey to identify students’ perspectives on the key issues and experiences of the use of distance-learning through an online virtual classroom in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we applied a binary logistic regression model to real data from two different economics course exams to measure the short-term impacts of using the two different learning environments on the undergraduates’ performance outcomes. The results indicate a statistically significant negative impact of using virtual classrooms on undergraduate learning outcomes. By contrast, in-person traditional classrooms had more desirable learning outcomes. Moreover, the hybrid approach proved to be more effective than the use of online virtual classrooms alone.
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Atkinson, Michael, and Rich Bregazzi. "Planning for classroom teaching." South Sudan Medical Journal 15, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v15i4.7.

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Many variables affect the outcome of classroom teaching. Planning is needed to consistently achieve success. This includes the creation of a lesson plan, with teacher and learner activity focused on achieving the intended learning outcomes. Key issues to be considered are class size; creating a physical and psychological environment for learning; and supporting learning with ‘scaffolding’ and formative assessment.
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Cappella, Elise, Sophia H. J. Hwang, Michael J. Kieffer, and Miranda Yates. "Classroom Practices and Academic Outcomes in Urban Afterschool Programs: Alleviating Social-Behavioral Risk." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 26, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426617739254.

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Given the potential of afterschool programs to support youth in urban, low-income communities, we examined the role of afterschool classroom ecology in the academic outcomes of Latino and African American youth with and without social-behavioral risk. Using multireporter methods and multilevel analysis, we find that positive classroom ecology (i.e., social dynamics, responsive instruction, and organized management) positively predicted academic skills and self-concept across 1 year. For academic skills, the association was magnified for students with social-behavioral difficulties; for academic self-concept, the association was magnified for students without social-behavioral difficulties. No significant relation was found between fall classroom ecology and spring academic engagement; yet in classrooms with more positive ecology, youth with initial social-behavioral risk were more academically engaged. Results suggest the need to consider the role of afterschool classrooms and instructors in promoting supportive interactions and advancing academic outcomes for youth facing distal and proximal risk at the transition to adolescence.
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Holec, Victoria, and Richelle Marynowski. "Does it Matter Where You Teach? Insights from a Quasi-Experimental Study on Student Engagement in an Active Learning Classroom." Teaching & Learning Inquiry 8, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 140–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.8.2.10.

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Active learning has experienced a recent resurgence with the advent of specialized active learning classrooms. While the fundamental theory behind active learning is anything but new, a relatively recent finding is that active learning pedagogies thrive in suitable active learning classrooms. To date, studies of active learning have focused on outcomes such as student performance. The quasi-experimental study described in this article investigated self-ratings of student engagement as an outcome of active learning in active learning classrooms using a novel instrument that accounts for known factors of engagement in addition to the contribution of the learning environment—the classroom. We delineated the relative contributions of instructor, classmates, and classroom to self-rated student engagement through student surveys in both a traditional classroom and an active learning classroom in two highly similar courses with the same instructor. Our findings were that the configuration of the classroom had a direct influence on self-ratings of student engagement above and beyond instructor contributions. In this article, we describe these findings and how, with careful consideration of course design and a classroom that fits the instructor’s pedagogy, optimal levels of perceived student engagement can be achieved. This knowledge is important to future educational policy on construction and scheduling, as the resurgence of active learning in higher education increasingly reveals deficiencies in physical learning environments.
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Gignac, Martin, and Diane Sacks. "ADHD: Measuring Outcomes Beyond The Classroom." Paediatrics & Child Health 14, suppl_B (September 2009): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/14.suppl_b.9.

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Anas, Muh, and Warda Murti. "The Effectiveness of Google Classroom Learning Applications on Student Learning Outcomes." Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi 12, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/biosfer.v12i2.9723.

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This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Google Classroom learning on the learning outcomes of students of STKIP Pembangunan Indonesia at the Biology Study Program. The benefit of this research is that the results are expected to contribute to the teaching and learning process that lecturers will carry out, especially the application of the Google Classroom in improving students’ learning outcomes. The researchers employed the quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design of one group pretest-posttest, which provided a pretest before the treatment. After the treatment, the researchers administered a posttest on the Vertebrate Zoology course. The data collection technique applied in this research was a description test administered during the pretest and posttest. This research found that the students’ learning outcomes in the pretest were 36% in the completeness level. There was an increase in the posttest with a 72% completeness level. The results of hypothesis testing using an independent sample t-test obtained value of 3,149, which was higher than tobserved of 1.67. The results showed that students’ learning outcomes after using Google Classroom were significantly better than before the application of Google Classroom. This research proved that Google Classroom was an online learning method that can improve the quality of education, especially students’ learning outcomes, and could overcome the constricted learning process with the availability of actual classrooms.
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Chen, Chien-Chih. "Effects of Flipped Classroom on Learning Outcomes and Satisfaction: An Experiential Learning Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 9298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169298.

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This article explores the flipped-classroom learning cycle and traditional blended-learning cycle from the experiential learning-theory perspective, according to which we proposed three teaching strategies: high-flipped classroom (high-FC), low-flipped classroom (low-FC), and Traditional Blended Learning (traditional BL). And, the three teaching strategies are adopted in the course of Enterprise Resource Planning System. The purpose is to investigate the effects of learning outcomes and satisfaction among high-FC, traditional BL, and low-FC. This research adopts a quasi-experimental method. The sample for the study is a compulsory course of the Information Management Department of the University of Science and Technology in Taiwan, with a total of 94 students in two classes. There are several research conclusions. (1) The three groups of t test results found that there are significant differences in the learning outcomes of the system skills. high-FC is better than low-FC, low-FC is better than traditional BL, and high-FC is better than traditional BL. However, there are no significant differences in the learning outcomes of process knowledge. (2) The results of ANOVA testing showed that students have the highest perceived learning outcomes for high-FC, followed by low-FC and traditional BL. (3) The results of ANOVA testing showed that students have the highest perceived learning satisfaction in high-FC, followed by low-FC, and the lowest is traditional BL. (4) The t test result shows that students are more satisfied with preview e-learning than review e-learning. The study findings provide several implications. (1) It is feasible to implement flipped classrooms from the perspective of experiential-learning theory. (2) Fully flipped classrooms have practical difficulties. A partially flipped classroom (high-FC or low-FC) can be a feasible gradual strategy. (3) Flipped classrooms and e-learning support each other’s sustainable development. (4) The flipped classroom based on experiential learning theoretical perspective has obtained preliminary verification in the ERP-system course.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Classroom outcomes"

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Rawnsley, David G. "Associations between classroom learning environments, teacher interpersonal behaviour and student outcomes in secondary mathematics classrooms." Thesis, Curtin University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1950.

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The classroom learning environment has increasingly been recognised as an important factor in education. However, over recent years the increasing research in this area has focussed on humanities or science classrooms. Virtually no investigations have been reported into the learning environment of the secondary mathematics classroom.The study reported in this thesis focusses on the perceptions of 490 grade 9 mathematics students in 23 classrooms in 14 schools in Adelaide, South Australia. Students' perceptions of their mathematics learning environment were measured using a new classroom environment instrument which has been developed in both a Personal Form (which focusses on students' perceptions of their personal interaction with the learning environment) and a Class Form (which focusses on students' perceptions of the class's interactions with the learning environment).This study confirmed the reliability and validity of both forms of the new instrument in its use with this sample of students, and examined the differences between the Personal and the Class Forms of the instrument. The sub-populations of male and female students were also profiled and differences between their perceptions of the classroom learning environment were examined. Differences between students' perceptions of their teacher's interpersonal behaviour in the classroom were also explored.The study identified associations between students' perceptions of their mathematics classroom learning environment, their perceptions of their teacher's interpersonal behaviour, and student outcomes. The association between students' perceptions of their mathematics classroom environment and attitudinal outcomes was stronger than the association with cognitive outcomes.Finally, the commonality and uniqueness of the two instruments measuring classroom learning environment and teacher's interpersonal behaviour in terms of predicting outcome variance were established, as were associations between the perceptions of students in these two areas.
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Rawnsley, David G. "Associations between classroom learning environments, teacher interpersonal behaviour and student outcomes in secondary mathematics classrooms." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1997. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10959.

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The classroom learning environment has increasingly been recognised as an important factor in education. However, over recent years the increasing research in this area has focussed on humanities or science classrooms. Virtually no investigations have been reported into the learning environment of the secondary mathematics classroom.The study reported in this thesis focusses on the perceptions of 490 grade 9 mathematics students in 23 classrooms in 14 schools in Adelaide, South Australia. Students' perceptions of their mathematics learning environment were measured using a new classroom environment instrument which has been developed in both a Personal Form (which focusses on students' perceptions of their personal interaction with the learning environment) and a Class Form (which focusses on students' perceptions of the class's interactions with the learning environment).This study confirmed the reliability and validity of both forms of the new instrument in its use with this sample of students, and examined the differences between the Personal and the Class Forms of the instrument. The sub-populations of male and female students were also profiled and differences between their perceptions of the classroom learning environment were examined. Differences between students' perceptions of their teacher's interpersonal behaviour in the classroom were also explored.The study identified associations between students' perceptions of their mathematics classroom learning environment, their perceptions of their teacher's interpersonal behaviour, and student outcomes. The association between students' perceptions of their mathematics classroom environment and attitudinal outcomes was stronger than the association with cognitive outcomes.Finally, the commonality and uniqueness of the two instruments measuring classroom learning environment and teacher's interpersonal behaviour ++
in terms of predicting outcome variance were established, as were associations between the perceptions of students in these two areas.
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Allspaw, Kathleen M. "Secondary science classroom dissections forming policy by evaluating cognitive outcomes and exploring affective outcomes /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344557.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Education, 2008.
Title from home page (viewed on Oct. 5, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0517. Adviser: Charles Barman.
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Arentsen, Linda. "Pharmacology course outcomes Internet delivery versus traditional classroom delivery /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001arentsenl.pdf.

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Toste, Jessica. "Classroom working alliance: teacher-student relationship and students' school outcomes." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18706.

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The articles presented in this thesis examined classroom working alliance and students' school-related outcomes. In Article 1, the association between student performance and perceptions of working alliance was explored among 53 elementary school children (28 male, 25 female). Evidence was found to support the predictive validity of the Classroom Working Alliance Inventory (CWAI) for student performance. Further, results revealed a complex interaction between the alliance components: task, bond, and goal. Article 2 investigated the relationship between school satisfaction and working alliance among 50 elementary-aged students (33 male, 17 female). While students' ratings of alliance were greatly predictive of their school satisfaction, teachers' ratings made less of a contribution. The final discussion centers on the contribution of this research program to our understanding of the classroom working alliance and the unique interactions that define the teacher-student relationships. Implications for alliance-building and fostering student success will be presented.
Les articles présentés dans cette thèse ont examiné l'alliance de travail et les résultats scolaires des élèves. Dans l'article 1, l'association entre la performance des élèves et les perceptions de l'alliance de travail a été explorée dans un échantillon de 53 élèves de l'école primaire (28 garçons, 25 filles). Les résultats soutiennent la valeur de prédiction de l'Inventaire de l'alliance de travail en salle de classe (Classroom Working Alliance Inventory) pour la performance des élèves. De plus, les résultats ont révélé une interaction complexe entre les composantes de l'alliance: la tâche, le lien et le but. L'article 2 a investigué la relation entre la satisfaction scolaire et l'alliance de travail parmi 50 élèves d'école primaire (33 garçons, 17 filles). Tandis que les cotes d'alliance des élèves ont grandement prédit leur satisfaction scolaire, la contribution des cotes des professeurs a été moins importante. La discussion finale porte sur la contribution de ce programme de recherche à la compréhension de l'alliance de travail en salle de classe et les interactions uniques qui définissent les relations entre les professeurs et les élèves. Les implications pour la formation de l'alliance et la promotion du succès des élèves seront présentées.
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Williams, Chloe Elizabeth. "The Effects of Classroom and Informal-Interactional Diversity on Learning and Democracy Outcomes." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1487.

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Exposure to increased diversity has been found to produce beneficial results in both learning and democracy outcomes across races; however, this relationship is more consistent for White students than students of color (Gurin, Dey, Hurtado, & Gurin, 2002). Using the data from a campus-wide diversity survey, the relationship between two types of diversity (informal-interactional and classroom) with learning and democracy outcomes was examined in a mid-sized university. Additional analyses were conducted to identify trends in diversity attitude and perception of campus climate toward diversity. Increased classroom diversity and informal-interactional diversity were both found to be related to increased learning and democracy outcomes for White students. For students of color, only classroom diversity was related to increased learning and democracy outcomes. Students of color and females were found to possess more positive attitudes toward diversity. Students of color perceived the more negative campus diversity climate than did White students.
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Thomas, Krystal R. "Ethnic Racial Identity, Social Transactions in the Classroom, and Academic Outcomes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4772.

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Using a transactional framework, this study explored social relationships in the classroom as mediators of the association between ethnic-racial identity and academic outcomes. Participants were 101 5th graders of diverse backgrounds who completed computer-based questionnaires about their friendships, ethnic-racial identity, and academic engagement. Teachers reported on closeness and conflict in the student-teacher relationship. Relationships in the expected direction were evident between the public regard and centrality dimensions of ethnic-racial identity and social relationships as well as with academic outcomes. Further, path analyses revealed that the relationship between the public regard and cognitive engagement was mediated by student-teacher closeness. Gender differences were evident for pathways to grades; such that for boys’ public regard was indirectly related to their language arts grades through cognitive engagement. The current study highlighted the varied effects of ethnic-racial identity and classroom relationships’ on academic outcomes particularly for boys.
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Madu, Nneka Eunice. "Associations between teachers’ interpersonal behaviour, classroom learning environment and students’ outcomes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2200.

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I investigated associations between teachers’ interpersonal behavior, the classroom learning environment and students’ outcomes. The Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI), What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC), and Test Of Science-Related Attitudes (TOSRA) were used with a sample of 785 students from 75 classes in five high schools in New York. Results from the New York State Regents examination taken in June were collected for 603 students in 37 classes as a measure of achievement.Data analyses supported the factor structure, internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of the WIHIC questionnaire and the attitude scales from TOSRA, as well as WIHIC scales’ ability to differentiate between classrooms. Data analyses also supported the internal consistency reliability of the QTI and its ability to differentiate between classrooms. Also, the circumplex nature of the QTI was supported by analyzing its pattern of scale intercorrelations. Overall, the learning environment instruments (QTI and WIHIC) and attitude instrument (TOSRA) were found to be valid and reliable when used with high school science students in New York.Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed positive associations between the learning environment and students’ attitudes. All seven WIHIC scales were statistically significantly correlated with attitudes to science. Overall Teacher Support was the strongest independent predictor of student attitudes to science. Positive but weak associations were also found between learning environment and achievement (especially Task Orientation, Equity, Student Cohesiveness and Involvement). Also Equity was positively and independently associated with achievement.Associations were found between teachers’ interpersonal behavior and attitudes (Adoption of Scientific Attitudes and Enjoyment of Science Lessons) and achievement. With the student as the unit of analysis, the Adoption of Scientific Attitudes scale was significantly correlated with all the QTI scales except Strict. With the class as the unit of analysis, all the QTI scales were significantly correlated with Adoption. Leadership and Understanding were the only independent predictors of Adoption. Leadership, Understanding, Helping/Friendly, Uncertain, and Dissatisfied scales were positively and independently associated with Enjoyment of Science Lessons with the student as unit of analysis whereas, with class as unit of analysis, only Uncertain was positively and independently associated with Enjoyment. Associations were mostly in the expected directions, but with a few exceptions (e.g. Uncertain behavior was negatively related to student achievement).Commonality analyses were undertaken to investigate the unique and common contributions of the WIHIC and the QTI scales to the variance in student outcomes. The benefit of using both instruments together to predict Enjoyment, but not Adoption, was supported by the findings. Therefore, it is worthwhile to include both the WIHIC and QTI in the same study of students’ enjoyment of science. For achievement, neither the WIHIC nor the QTI accounted for much unique or common variance.A subsample of 40 students was interviewed using questions pertaining to each scale of the QTI, WIHIC and TOSRA in order to check the construct validity of the questionnaires. Findings from these interviews reinforced the validity of the WIHIC, QTI and TOSRA for use with the sample of high school biology students in New York because interview findings were mostly consistent with the means obtained for each scale.By providing validation data for the WIHIC, QTI and TOSRA, this study has provided New York teachers with instruments that can easily be used to assess associations between learning environment, teachers’ interpersonal behavior and student outcomes. Also, this research has practical implications that suggest that teachers wishing to improve their students’ attitudes and achievements should place greater emphasis on Leadership, Helping/Friendly, Understanding, and Student Responsibility/Freedom in their classroom. Also Student Cohesiveness, Teacher Support, Involvement, Cooperation and Equity should be emphasized.
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Song, Yu. "An investigation of the relationships between thinking style, participation in classroom dialogue and learning outcomes : a study based in mainland China." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270630.

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The study reported in this dissertation investigated the relationships between thinking style, participation in classroom dialogue and learning outcomes. Classroom dialogue is a commonly used method for teaching and learning, and ways/strategies of taking advantage of classroom dialogue to optimise learning need to be specified. The study addresses this issue. Talking has traditionally been viewed as the main way of participation in classroom dialogue, and there is evidence for its learning benefit. However, silent participants have largely been overlooked and little is known about the function of listening with regard to learning. There is arguably a need to investigate the effects of both talking and listening on learning outcome. At an individual level, talking and listening do not serve all students equally well and individual characteristics should be considered when studying how students benefit from diverse participation behaviours. Thinking style, one aspect of individuality, is rarely related to participation in classroom dialogue nor has the corresponding learning outcomes been investigated previously: this will be addressed in the study. The study focuses particularly on high school students in mainland China, a group of people about whom there is relatively little material. A mixed-method research design was adopted, with the quantitative approach dominating. The Thinking Style Inventory - Revised II (Sternberg, Wagner & Zhang, 2007) was used to measure thinking styles. Talking and listening were considered as two forms of participation in classroom dialogue, with systematic observation being employed to collect data on talk and a newly designed questionnaire used to measure listening. Learning outcomes were illustrated through academic achievement and cognitive ability, with the former being measured by final-examination scores and the latter by the Sternberg Triarchic Ability Test (Sternberg, 1993). A series of statistical analyses were conducted and the results can be summarized as follows. Both talking and listening in classroom dialogue were found to be likely to facilitate academic achievement. Thinking style was significantly associated with participation in classroom dialogue. No relationship was found between thinking style and learning outcomes. Students’ thinking styles affected how they benefited from talking and listening, especially in mathematics. This study provides new perspectives on making use of classroom dialogue at both classroom and individual levels.
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Lightburn, Millard E. "Evaluation of anthropometry activities for high school science: student outcomes and classroom environment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2494.

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The study involved the evaluation of anthropometric activities for high school science. The activities actively engaged students in the process of gathering, processing and analyzing data derived from human body measurements, with students using their prior knowledge acquired in science, mathematics and computer classes to interpret this information. Quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interview) methods were used to provide answers to the research questions. The quantitative portion of the study involved students' achievement, students' attitudes to science and students' perceptions of the classroom learning environment. A pretest/posttest design was used with achievement outcomes, however, only a single assessment of student attitudes and classroom environment was made. The sample size used to gather data on students' attitudes to science and students' perceptions of the leaming environment was 726 students. Five hundred and ninety-eight (598) students tools the biology test. However, analyses were restricted to the subsample of 158 students who had experienced the anthropometric laboratory activity. Twenty-four students (24) were interviewed for the qualitative part of the study. Data generated from the interviews were used to complement information provided in the surveys. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate these student-centered activities in terms of students' achievement, students' attitudes and students' perceptions of the science classroom environment. Other aims included: to validate generally-applicable measures of classroom learning environments and students' attitudes to science; to investigate gender differences in students' achievement, attitudes and perceptions of classroom environment; and to investigate associations between the classroom learning environment and the student outcomes of performance and attitudes.Some of the important findings of this study included: 1. In reference to the survey instruments, the item analyses supported the internal consistency reliability and ability to differentiate between classrooms of the learning environment questionnaire and the analyses of attitude data supported the factorial validity, internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of the attitude questionnaire. 2. Substantial differences between the pretest and posttest scores for the achievement measures in Biology and anthropometric activities were found. These findings were supported by statistically significant t-test scores and effect sizes. 3. There was a positive influence of using anthropometric activities on both students' attitudes and their perceptions of the classroom learning environment. The findings based on qualitative information (interviews, which involved twenty-four students) were consistent with patterns emerging from our quantitative information (surveys, which involved 760 students) and they supported the effectiveness of the anthropometric activities. 4. The analysis of gender differences in students' achievement, attitudes and perceptions of classroom environment revealed that boys have more positive attitudes to science than girls do and is in agreement with past studies. However, females' students demonstrated more favorable perceptions of the learning environment than mates, primarily with Student Cohesiveness and Rule Clarity. 5. The association between student attitudes and their perception of the leaming environment indicated that students' attitudes to science are most likely to be positive in laboratory classes where student perceive a strong integration between the concepts and principles covered in theory classes and in laboratory classes. These findings are consistent with results in other countries.6. The association between achievement and student perceptions of their learning environment, suggest that integration of theoretical concepts with laboratory activities (Integration), a cohesive student group (Student Cohesiveness) and using appropriate laboratory materials and equipment (Material Environment) are likely to lead to student achievement. This finding replicates the results of previous studies. 7. I found stronger outcome-environment associations for attitudes than for achievement. This finding is consistent with results from past research. The contributions and significance of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. One of the key components of this study was the development and implementation of the innovative anthropometric laboratory activity, which was especially designed for this research. 2. Another contribution of this study is to the field of integrated curriculum instruction. While most instructional curricular activities are subject specific, this study is interdisciplinary in nature because it effectively links concepts and skills from science, mathematics, statistics, and technology (graphing calculators and computers). 3. A unique feature of this research is that it had an evaluation component involving student performance, student attitudes, and the nature of the classroom learning environment. Therefore, the study contributes to the field of learning environment research by adding another study to the limited research that has employed the classroom environment as a criterion of effectiveness in evaluating educational innovations. The study has the potential to help other science teachers to apply these ideas in their classrooms.
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Books on the topic "Classroom outcomes"

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Doug, Marston, ed. Classroom-based assessment: Evaluating instructional outcomes. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill, 1990.

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Ziomek-Daigle, Jolie. School Counseling Classroom Guidance: Prevention, Accountability, and Outcomes. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801123.

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Nelson, J. Ron. Designing schools to enhance the academic and social outcomes of all students. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center, 1997.

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Walker, Hill M. Teacher social behavior standards and expectations as determinants of classroom ecology, teacher behavior, and child outcomes. Eugene, OR: Center for Educational Policy and Management, University of Oregon, 1985.

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Leach, Debra. Bringing ABA into your inclusive classroom: A guide to improving outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub. Co., 2010.

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Leach, Debra. Bringing ABA into your inclusive classroom: A guide to improving outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub. Co., 2010.

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Leach, Debra. Bringing ABA into your inclusive classroom: A guide to improving outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub. Co., 2010.

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Leach, Debra. Bringing ABA into your inclusive classroom: A guide to improving outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub. Co., 2010.

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Effective school interventions: Evidence-based strategies for improving student outcomes. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2008.

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Herie, Marilyn A. A comparison of learning outcomes, processes, online readiness, participation and subjective experiences in online and classroom-based cultural competence courses. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Classroom outcomes"

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Haskins, Natoya Hill. "Facilitation Skills and Classroom Management." In School Counseling Classroom Guidance: Prevention, Accountability, and Outcomes, 180–220. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801123.n8.

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Tincani, Matt. "Using Data to Evaluate PBS Outcomes." In Preventing Challenging Behavior in Your Classroom, 111–32. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003237235-9.

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Tincani, Matt. "Using Data to Evaluate PBS Outcomes." In Preventing Challenging Behavior in Your Classroom, 169–92. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003237228-9.

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Bowles, Melissa A. "Outcomes of Classroom Spanish Heritage Language Instruction." In The Routledge Handbook of Spanish as a Heritage Language, 331–44. New York, NY : Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, [2018]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315735139-21.

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Ozenbas, Deniz, Michael S. Pagano, Robert A. Schwartz, and Bruce W. Weber. "Trading and Technology: An Information Systems Course Application." In Classroom Companion: Business, 71–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74817-3_4.

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AbstractFinancial markets today are highly computerized -- from software-driven order submission to price determination to straight-through clearing and settlement -- computer technology has displaced manual activities and streamlined functions throughout the trading value chain. The previous chapters examined microeconomic principles that underpin trading and price-setting, and finance theory that provides analytical frameworks for market outcomes. Our analysis introduces real market frictions and examines how transactions costs and heterogeneity among market participants makes market structure and tracing mechanism design crucial determinants of market outcomes and behavior. . In this chapter, we drill down further into the realities of a non-frictionless market in order to focus on how technology can enhance the efficiency of an actual marketplace. Challenging market design issues are encountered when developing and operating an actual trading facility, and as IT professionals know, the devil is in the details. The practical considerations in operating a market system successfully are the next topic this book addresses.
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Wilson, Janie H., Shauna B. Wilson, and Angela M. Legg. "Building rapport in the classroom and student outcomes." In Evidence-based teaching for higher education., 23–37. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13745-002.

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Mason, E. C. M., Stephanie Eberts, and Lauren Stern Wynne. "Outcome Research and Future Directions of Classroom Guidance." In School Counseling Classroom Guidance: Prevention, Accountability, and Outcomes, 251–79. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801123.n10.

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Hally, Edmond. "An Argument for Lengthier, More Realistic, More Outcomes-Oriented Games." In Simulations in the Political Science Classroom, 42–55. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144106-5.

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Ziomek-Daigle, Jolie. "History of Counseling, Emergence of School Counseling, and Classroom Guidance." In School Counseling Classroom Guidance: Prevention, Accountability, and Outcomes, 2–21. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801123.n1.

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Ziomek-Daigle, Jolie. "The Three Broad Domains: Academic, Career, and Social/Emotional." In School Counseling Classroom Guidance: Prevention, Accountability, and Outcomes, 22–36. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801123.n2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Classroom outcomes"

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Fuehne, Joseph P. "Embedding Multiple Assessments in Classroom Activities." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13947.

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The Mechanical Engineering Technology program of Purdue University at Columbus/Southeast Indiana is a small program with only two full-time faculty and typically has 4-8 graduates per year. In preparing for its first ever ABET accreditation evaluation in the fall of 2005, the faculty conducted a survey of graduates from the last three years and received nine responses. Such a small response contributed to the concern that this method of assessment might not provide much useful data regarding assessment of program outcomes and objectives. As a result of this and limited resources, the faculty of the MET program in Columbus focused their efforts on direct assessment of program outcomes by using classroom assignments, lab reports and exam questions. An example of an embedded assessment utilized by the MET faculty is a laboratory report. The Mechanical Engineering Technology program consists of many classes that have laboratory activities. The rubric used for lab reports is a fifteen part rubric that varies from 1 to 4. Lab reports are assessed for spelling/grammar, participation, calculations, appearance, analysis, summary, conclusions and drawings/diagrams among other categories. Assessments can be made of technical content (program outcome (PO 1), verbal communications including both written content and graphical communications (PO 3), experimental understanding and teamwork. While these assessments are useful for gauging learning and are used in the MET program continuous quality improvement process, they also make grading considerably easier. A two-page form was also developed which summarized the assessment points for each program outcome. The first page of the form includes the mission statements of Purdue University, the MET program objectives, the MET program outcomes, the core learning objectives of the particular course in which the assessment is performed and the details of the assessment point. These details include the specific core learning objective, the applicable program outcome and the rubric for the assessment. The second page of the form includes the results of the assessment, those teaching techniques that the faculty member wants to retain and those that he wants to change.
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Weaver, Alfred. "Does Classroom Presenter Software Change Learning Outcomes?" In Proceedings. Frontiers in Education. 36th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2006.322393.

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Blahova, V., L. Jakabova, M. Michalko, Z. Szalay, I. Sivy, and F. Jakab. "First outcomes of designing the future classroom." In 2012 IEEE 10th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceta.2012.6418302.

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Hsing, Courtney, and Vanessa Gennarelli. "Using GitHub in the Classroom Predicts Student Learning Outcomes and Classroom Experiences." In SIGCSE '19: The 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287460.

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Sofya, Rani, and Rani Sahara. "Optimization of Flipped Classroom Using Google Classroom to Improve Student Learning Outcomes." In The Fifth Padang International Conference On Economics Education, Economics, Business and Management, Accounting and Entrepreneurship (PICEEBA-5 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201126.045.

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Panjaitan, Binur, and Zuhri. "The Outcomes of Learning Mathematics in Mathematics Classroom." In 1st International Conference on Education, Society, Economy, Humanity and Environment (ICESHE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200311.008.

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Van der Kleij, Fabienne. "Reimagining classroom assessment and feedback to meet learner needs." In Research Conference 2022: Reimagining assessment. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-685-7-5.

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The power of classroom assessment and feedback to improve student learning outcomes has long been recognised. Yet, decades of research have yielded disappointing and often conflicting outcomes. This presentation challenges traditional conceptions of classroom assessment and feedback as teacher-driven practices. To meet learner needs better, it proposes a student-centred perspective in which students are active and have agency. By drawing on an extensive study of feedback reviews, this presentation illustrates how conceptualisations of feedback have changed over recent decades. This paper provides key insights into how classroom assessment and feedback practices can be changed in ways that are sustainable, afford student agency, and enhance student learning outcomes. Key learnings from recent research in primary and secondary education contexts are synthesised to provide state-of-the-art insights for shaping policy, practice and future research.
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Williams, Eric, Eric Brewe, Justyna P. Zwolak, and Remy Dou. "Understanding Centrality: Investigating Student Outcomes within a Classroom Social Network." In 2015 Physics Education Research Conference. American Association of Physics Teachers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/perc.2015.pr.089.

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Taesotikul, Theerada, Chatchai Chinpaisal, and Srisombat Nawanopparatsakul. "Kahoot! gamification improves learning outcomes in problem-based learning classroom." In ICMET '21: 2021 3rd International Conference on Modern Educational Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468978.3468999.

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M. W. Ng, Eugenia. "The Flipped Classroom: Two Learning Modes that Foster Two Learning Outcomes." In InSITE 2016: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Lithuania. Informing Science Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3463.

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[The final form of this paper was published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology.] The study involved student teachers enrolled in early childhood teaching at a teacher training institute in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Seventy-four students participated in flipped classroom activities during their first semester of study. Students were told to learn from online videos related to using image editing software in their own time and pace prior to the next class. When they met in class, they were asked to apply their recently acquired editing knowledge to edit an image of their own choice related to the theme of their group project. At the end of the activity, students were asked to complete an online questionnaire. It was found that students had rated all five questions relating to generic skills highly, with self-study skills rated the highest. They particularly enjoyed the flexibility of learning on their own time and pace as a benefit of the flipped classroom. Data collected from students’ project pages show they had used average of 3.22 editing features for the theme images for their project. Most groups had inserted text fol-lowed by using the filter function. It is possible that these two functions are more noticeable than other editing functions. In conclusion, students were able to apply their self-learnt knowledge in a real-life situation and they had also developed their generic skills via the flipped classroom pedagogy.
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Reports on the topic "Classroom outcomes"

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Ridgway, Jessica, and Ashley Hasty. Inviting Industry into the Classroom: Meeting Learning Outcomes While Satisfying Industry Demands. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-280.

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Peters, Vanessa. Meeting Learners Where They Are: Using Microsoft Forms to Drive Improvement in Learning Outcomes. Digital Promise, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/52.

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This qualitative study was designed to explore how teachers are using Microsoft Forms to improve student learning outcomes in primary and secondary school classrooms. Twenty-two teachers —both experienced and new Forms users— participated in an interview about how they used Forms in their teaching. This report provides concrete examples of teachers’ use of Forms and describes their support needs for starting to use this tool in the classroom. School leaders and instructional technology coaches can use the report to inform implementation plans and training on Microsoft Forms.
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Piper, Benjamin, Yasmin Sitabkhan, Jessica Mejia, and Kellie Betts. Effectiveness of Teachers’ Guides in the Global South: Scripting, Learning Outcomes, and Classroom Utilization. RTI Press, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0053.1805.

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This report presents the results of RTI International Education’s study on teachers' guides across 13 countries and 19 projects. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we examine how teachers’ guides across the projects differ and find substantial variation in the design and structure of the documents. We develop a scripting index so that the scripting levels of the guides can be compared across projects. The impact results of the programs that use teachers’ guides show significant impacts on learning outcomes, associated with approximately an additional half year of learning, showing that structured teachers’ guides contribute to improved learning outcomes. During observations, we find that teachers make a variety of changes in their classroom instruction from how the guides are written, showing that the utilization of structured teachers’ guides do not create robotic teachers unable to use their own professional skills to teach children. Unfortunately, many changes that teachers make reduce the amount of group work and interactivity that was described in the guides, suggesting that programs should encourage teachers to more heavily utilize the instructional routines designed in the guide. The report includes a set of research-based guidelines that material developers can use to develop teachers’ guides that will support effective instructional practices and help improve learning outcomes. The key takeaway from the report is that structured teachers' guides improve learning outcomes, but that overly scripted teachers' guides are somewhat less effective than simplified teachers' guides that give specific guidance to the teacher but are not written word for word for each lesson in the guide.
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Vu Dao, Bich-Hang Duong, and Phuong Luong. Inequalities in Learning in Vietnam: Teachers’ Beliefs About and Classroom Practices for Ethnic Minorities. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/061.

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Global and national education agendas are concerned with improving quality and equality of learning outcomes. This paper provides an analysis of the case of Vietnam, which is regarded as having high learning outcomes and less inequality in learning. But national data and international test outcomes may mask the hidden inequalities that exist between minoritized groups and majority (Kinh) students. Drawing on data from qualitative videos and interviews of secondary teachers across 10 provinces, we examine the role of teachers’ beliefs, curricular design and actions in the classroom (Gale et al., 2017). We show that teachers hold different beliefs and engage in curricular design – or the use of hegemonic curriculum and instructional practices that produce different learning outcomes for minoritized students compared to Kinh students. It suggests that policies need to focus on the social-cultural aspects of teaching in addition to the material and technical aspects.
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Berlinski, Samuel, Matías Busso, Taryn Dinkelman, and Claudia Martínez A. Reducing Parent-School Information Gaps and Improving Education Outcomes: Evidence from High-Frequency Text Messages. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003257.

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We conducted an experiment in low-income schools in Chile to test the effects and behavioral changes triggered by a program that sends attendance, grade, and classroom behavior information to parents via weekly and monthly text messages. Our 18-month intervention raised average math GPA by 0.09 of a standard deviation and increased the share of students satisfying attendance requirements for grade promotion by 4.5 percentage points. Treatment effects were larger for students at higher risk of later grade retention and dropout. Leveraging existing school inputs for a light-touch, cost-effective, and scalable information intervention can improve education outcomes in lower-income settings.
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Alcaíno, Manuel, Analia Jaimovich, Carolina Méndez, and Diana Vásquez. Open configuration options Government fragmentation and educational outcomes: evidence on the creation of municipalities in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003977.

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We explore how government fragmentation affects public education provision by examining the case of Chile, which created 11 municipalities between 1994 and 2004. Using territories that sought, but failed to, achieve independence as controls, we find that schools in newly created municipalities, on average, experienced a standard deviation decline of 0.2 in elementary school mathematics performance. In addition, fragmentation led to a high turnover and increased job insecurity of classroom teachers and school management teams in newly created municipalities. In contrast, we found that reducing the size of the original municipalities school networks does not impact student outcomes or school personnel. Overall, our findings point to specific unintended educational effects of policies that seek to enhance horizontal decentralization.
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Bich-Hang Duong, and Vu Dao. Teaching Practices That Support and Promote Learning: Qualitative Evidence from High and Low Performing Classes in Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/024.

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This Insight Note contributes to the growing body of knowledge on teaching practices that foster student learning and achievement by analysing in-depth qualitative data from classroom observations and teacher interviews. Much of the research on teachers and teaching in development literature focuses on observable and quantified factors, including qualifications and training. But simply being qualified (with a university degree in education or subject areas), or trained in certain ways (e.g., coaching versus in-service) explains very little of the variation in learning outcomes (Kane and Staiger, 2008; Wößmann, 2003; Das and Bau, 2020). Teaching is a complex set of practices that draw on teachers’ beliefs about learning, their prior experiences, their content and pedagogical knowledge and repertoire, and their commitment and personality. Recent research in the educational development literature has turned to examining teaching practices, including content knowledge, pedagogical practices, and teacher-student interactions, primarily through quantitative data from knowledge tests and classroom observations of practices (see Bruns, De Gregorio and Taut, 2016; Filmer, Molina and Wane, 2020; Glewwe et al, in progress). Other studies, such as TIMSS, the OECD and a few World Bank studies have used classroom videos to further explain high inference factors of teachers’ (Gallimore and Hiebert, 2000; Tomáš and Seidel, 2013). In this Note, we ask the question: What are the teaching practices that support and foster high levels of learning? Vietnam is a useful case to examine because student learning outcomes based on international tests are high, and most students pass the basic learning levels (Dang, Glewwe, Lee and Vu, 2020). But considerable variation exists between learning outcomes, particularly at the secondary level, where high achieving students will continue to upper-secondary and lower achieving students will drop out at Grade 9 (Dang and Glewwe, 2018). So what differentiates teaching for those who achieve these high learning outcomes and those who don’t? Some characteristics of teachers, such as qualifications and professional commitment, do not vary greatly because most Vietnamese teachers meet the national standards in terms of qualifications (have a college degree) and have a high level of professionalism (Glewwe et al., in progress). Other factors that influence teaching, such as using lesson plans and teaching the national curriculum, are also highly regulated. Therefore, to explain how teaching might affect student learning outcomes, it is important to examine more closely teachers’ practices in the classroom.
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McElhaney, Kevin, Anthony Baker, Carly Chillmon, Zareen Kasad, Babe Liberman, and Jeremy Roschelle. An Initial Logic Model to Guide OpenSciEd Research: Updated Version. Digital Promise, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/152.

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This white paper supports an ongoing effort to define a research agenda and catalyze a research community around the OpenSciEd curriculum materials. Rigorous research on these materials is needed in order to answer questions about the equitable design of instructional materials, impacts on student learning, effective and equitable classroom teaching practices, teacher professional development approaches, and models for school adoption that address the diverse needs of historically marginalized students in STEM. Research findings have the potential to advance the knowledge, skills, and practices that will promote key student, teacher, and system outcomes. The research agenda stands to accelerate the research timeline and stimulate a broad range of research projects addressing these critical needs. To support the collaborative development and activation of the research agenda, we outline an initial logic model for OpenSciEd. The logic model can shape research efforts by clarifying intended relationships among (1) the principles, commitments, and key affordances of OpenSciEd; (2) the components of OpenSciEd and how they are implemented and supported in classrooms, schools, districts, and states; and (3) the desired outcomes of OpenSciEd.
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Armas, Elvira, and Magaly Lavadenz. The Observation Protocol for Academic Literacies (OPAL); A Tool for Supporting Teachers of English Language Learners. CEEL, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2011.1.

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Schools and school systems are experiencing an instructional support gap that results in limited opportunities for educators to analyze, reflect on and improve research-based practices for ELLs so that outcomes for culturally and linguistically diverse students can change. To address this need, an inter-disciplinary research team from the Center for Equity for English Learners, comprised of educational leaders, teachers, researchers, and content experts developed a classroom observational instrument—the Observation Protocol for Academic Literacies (OPAL). The OPAL is intended for teachers, educational leaders, coaches, and others to conduct focused classroom observations for three potential purposes: research/evaluation, professional development, and coaching. In this article the authors introduce the OPAL’s research base, describe how to use the OPAL tool, and provide examples of the applied use of the OPAL to support professional learning and evaluate a three-year school reform effort.
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Armas, Elvira, Gisela O'Brien, Magaly Lavadenz, and Eric Strauss. Rigorous and Meaningful Science for English Learners: Urban Ecology and Transdisciplinary Instruction. CEEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2020.1.

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This article describes efforts undertaken by two centers at Loyola Marymount University—the Center for Equity for English Learners (CEEL) and the Center for Urban Resilience (CURes)—in collaboration with five southern California school districts to develop and implement the Urban Ecology for English Learners Project. This project aligns with the 2018 NASEM report call to action to (1) create contexts for systems- and classroom-level supports that recognizes assets that English Learners contribute to the classroom and, and (2) increase rigorous science instruction for English Learners through the provision of targeted program models, curriculum, and instruction. The article presents project highlights, professional learning approaches, elements of the interdisciplinary, standards-based Urban Ecology curricular modules, and project evaluation results about ELs’ outcomes and teachers’ knowledge and skills in delivering high-quality STEM education for ELs. The authors list various implications for teacher professional development on interdisciplinary instruction including university partnerships.
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