Journal articles on the topic 'Classification of paradoxes'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Classification of paradoxes.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Classification of paradoxes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Byung-Hong Son. "Traditional Classification of Paradoxes." Studies in Philosophy East-West ll, no. 76 (June 2015): 237–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15841/kspew..76.201506.237.
Full text
2
Ladov, Vsevolod A., and Stanislav M. Stoev. "On Ramsey's classification of paradoxes." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, no. 46 (December 1, 2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/1998863x/46/5.
Full text
3
HSIUNG, MING. "Elementary cellular automata and self-referential paradoxes." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 3 (April 2020): 745–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We associate an elementary cellular automaton with a set of self-referential sentences, whose revision process is exactly the evolution process of that automaton. A simple but useful result of this connection is that a set of self-referential sentences is paradoxical, iff (the evolution process for) the cellular automaton in question has no fixed points. We sort out several distinct kinds of paradoxes by the existence and features of the fixed points of their corresponding automata. They are finite homogeneous paradoxes and infinite homogeneous paradoxes. In some weaker sense, we will also introduce no-no-sort paradoxes and virtual paradoxes. The introduction of these paradoxes, in turn, leads to a new classification of the cellular automata.
4
Serpeninova, Y. S., І. М. Burdenko, and D. A. Novikova. "The essence and concepts of accounting information paradoxes and assessment of their impact on management decisions." Problems of Theory and Methodology of Accounting, Control and Analysis, no. 3(50) (January 25, 2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/pbo-2021-3(50)-36-41.
Full textAbstract:
Accounting information serves as a primary source for the formation of financial and management accounting data for further managerial decisions. However, existing forms of financial reporting cannot fully meet the information needs of stakeholders. One of the reasons is the paradox of accounting information. Accounting paradoxes are not fully studied and requires proper coverage, first of all, the generation of theoretical and methodological framework, in order to better understand and optimize the existing contradictions and controversial issues. The article highlights the economic essence of accounting paradoxes, their importance in the process of making effective management decisions, identifies the causes of formation, impact and consequences of distortion of the accounting data in making rational management decisions.
On the basis of the conducted research the author’s classification of accounting paradoxes on common signs is generated. The role of the influence of accounting data paradoxes on the further activity of the enterprise is argued. The causal relationship between the possibility of distortion of accounting information at different stages of its formation depending on the object of accounting and its further transformation into management data is identified. As a result of the analysis of the outlined topic a number of solutions of problem questions are offered, namely: optimization of the accounting information, minimization of influence of paradoxes of the accounting information.
5
Stewart, EA. "The comparative constitution of twinship: strategies and paradoxes." Twin Research 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.3.3.142.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn both traditional and modern societies, twinship, as an unusual mode of reproduction, involves difficulties for social systems in maintaining consistent classification systems. It is proposed that the most prevalent response to twinship involves various ‘strategies of normalisation’ to defuse and contain the potential disruption. This proposition is illustrated and analysed in relation to ethnographic maternal drawn mainly (but not exclusively) from African communities in the twentieth century. Following a discussion of twin infanticide as the most extreme of the normalising strategies, the article concludes by identifying a number of paradoxes in the social construction of twinship. Twin Research (2000) 3, 142–147.
6
Baranov, Dmitry. "DEPERSONALIZED OBJECTS: PARADOXES OF ETHNOGRAPHIC COLLECTIONS." Antropologicheskij forum 16, no. 47 (December 2020): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2020-16-47-113-136.
Full textAbstract:
In ethnographic studies of material culture, things are described primarily as signs of social phenomena; but things themselves remain in the shadows. Even when it comes to museum research, a material object is considered either as an element of the classification series, or as an example of the manufacturing and living techniques in the local tradition, or as a representative of the cultural contexts from which it was removed. The very collection format of museum storage hides the uniqueness of a thing, because the collection is not able to accommodate its singular nature, since each thing is really a “universe of individuality”. The article examines possible ways for museum ethnography to go beyond its inherent anonymous and depersonalizing discourse. As an alternative to the latter, a “biographical” focus is proposed, which allows one to see subjectivity and individuality in things. The uniqueness of a thing is manifested not only in its biography, but also in its very materiality: material, shape, design, texture, color, weight, smell, etc. The close attention of the ethnographic museum to specific objects and the people to whom they belonged makes it possible to highlight those details and particulars, without which it is impossible to understand culture as a whole.
7
Simonian, Joseph. "The Paradoxes of Chemical Classification: Why `water is H2O' is Not an Identity Statement." Foundations of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2005): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:foch.0000042887.03317.11.
Full text
8
Baleanu, Dumitru, and Arran Fernandez. "On Fractional Operators and Their Classifications." Mathematics 7, no. 9 (September 8, 2019): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7090830.
Full textAbstract:
Fractional calculus dates its inception to a correspondence between Leibniz and L’Hopital in 1695, when Leibniz described “paradoxes” and predicted that “one day useful consequences will be drawn” from them. In today’s world, the study of non-integer orders of differentiation has become a thriving field of research, not only in mathematics but also in other parts of science such as physics, biology, and engineering: many of the “useful consequences” predicted by Leibniz have been discovered. However, the field has grown so far that researchers cannot yet agree on what a “fractional derivative” can be. In this manuscript, we suggest and justify the idea of classification of fractional calculus into distinct classes of operators.
9
Latypov, I. A. "‘Counterfinality’ in sociological theory: Reconceptualization of the concept." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-4-697-710.
Full textAbstract:
Counterfinality is defined as unintended consequences of the uncoordinated actions of rationally acting individuals. Even before the concept was introduced by Sartre and developed by Elster, counterfinality was considered by many scholars. Some defined counterfinality as a type of social paradoxes and dilemmas, others - as an outcome of social interaction. Description and analysis of such social contradictions and paradoxes can be found in the works of Hobbes, Mandeville, Smith, Marx and Hegel. In the 20th century, sociologists also considered the issue of unintended consequences. Many classic papers of Merton contributed to the sociological analysis of the unintended consequences of intentional actions. Subsequent works focused on their classifications, and the phenomenon of counterfinality was highlighted in almost every classification. The term counterfinality was introduced by Sartre as an appendage of history, an unforeseen consequence of many interactions. The sociological study of counterfinality was initiated by Elster. He analyzes counterfinality not within the functionalist paradigm, but in the methodological individualism perspective, and for him, counterfinality acts as a basis for social change. The authors analysis of the main ideas of Sartre, Elster and other authors on counterfinality reveals its distinctive features in general and in the sociological analysis of social action in particular. The author argues that today the counterfinality theory consists mainly of responses and criticism of the ideas of Sartre and Elster, and that further sociological research should focus on conditions, features and consequences of counterfinality, and on its empirical indicators.
10
Jacobs, Marshall L., and Robert H. Anderson. "Rationalising the nomenclature of common arterial trunk." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 6 (December 2012): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112001606.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHearts having a common arterial trunk belong to a family of congenital cardiac malformations for which traditional systems of classification and nomenclature are plagued by internal paradoxes, incompatibility between systems due to the lack of potential for identification of synonyms, or irreconcilable inconsistencies with our current knowledge of cardiac development and morphology. A simplified categorisation that classifies these hearts on the basis of pulmonary or aortic dominance reconciles the existing disparate categorisations, is in keeping with recent findings concerning cardiac development, and emphasises the principal morphologic determinant of surgical outcome.
11
Telin, Kirill. "CRISIS AS A NEED: EMBEDDED PARADOXES OF RUSSIAN OFFICIAL DISCOURSE." Political Science (RU), no. 3 (2022): 232–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2022.03.11.
Full textAbstract:
Current paper is devoted to the problem of using two lexemes within the Russian official discourse, which have a great importance for the formation of a certain Russian people's attitude towards government bodies and even the Russian «authority» as it is. These are the lexemes of «crisis» and «stability» that are regularly used within official discourse; over the past decades, this appeals did not acquire a clear content, but laid the foundation for the continuing reproduction of special official speech acts. The representation of «crisis» and «stability» in these speech acts (defined in the article, in accordance with J. Searle's classification as «representative», «commissive” and “expressive») allows public opinion manipulating without specifying the meaning of the lexemes themselves, but with maintaining the desired image of power. Up to the author's mind, the continuing appeal of the official discourse to the lexemes of «crisis» and «stability», despite the accumulated contradictions and even frank anecdotes (in terms of completely different statements of the same speaker), allows, on the one hand, to explain the failures of public policy by external circumstances (described with «crisis» speech acts), and on the other hand, continue the course of depoliticizing Russian society, associated with the fact that the Russian people associate «stability» with «order», «quiet» and the absence of changes. Thus, «stability», presented as the most important achievement of the existing government, turns into appeal of non-interference to the reproduction of the existing political regime and preferring it to the democratic slogans of opposition figures.
12
Kolesnikova, O. A. "LABOR RESOURCE CHALLENGES: DEFICITS, STRUCTURAL SHIFTS, PARADOXES OF AGING." Social & labor researches 47, no. 2 (2022): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2022-47-2-42-55.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the study is the state and trends in the structure and number of labor resources in modern Russia. The paper aims to analyze the main trends in the development of labor resources based on an assessment of their reproduction and taking into account global trends. The relevance of the study is due to the growing importance of studying the structure and dynamics of the number of labor resources and the urgent need to change methodological approaches to the organization of statistical observations in this area. The scientific novelty consists in the proven eclecticism of the existing accounting system, which in some cases leads to distortion of the results of labor force surveys; the reasoning is based on a generalization of various sources of statistical information that formed the empirical basis of the study. The system classification of various categories of the population proposed by the authors as the basis of labor resources can become the basis for updating the methodology for conducting such surveys. The authors use the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systematization, and modeling. In the course of the study, the authors obtained the following results. Promising strategic directions for regulating labor resources have been outlined to support positive transformations in the labor market. The study revealed the contradiction between the need to expand the country's labor resources at the expense of older people who retain their ability to work, and the lack of conditions for the use of their labor. The study shows that it is necessary to consider the impact of such a significant and so far little taken into account factor as the coronavirus pandemic on labor resources. The authors substantiate the most pressing problems of the formation and use of labor resources in modern Russia. It is argued that there has been a decrease in the importance of the indicator of labor resources in the analysis and forecasting of economic development, it is difficult to track its structure and dynamics, to identify sources of growth. The reduction in the number and deterioration of the qualitative structure of labor resources occurs against the background of an increase in the economically inactive part of the population. There is a growing discrepancy between the professional and qualification structure of labor resources and the new needs of the labor market. There is a growing threat of underutilization of the available labor force with a constant shortage of personnel. The study showed that one of the most acute problems of the Russian labor market is the aging of labor resources. The necessity of returning the category and indicator of labor resources to a full-fledged high role in ensuring the development of the modern economy is proved. The dominant directions of prospective studies of labor resources are determined. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to make changes to the methodology and tools of statistical surveys of the labor resources, aimed, among other things, at providing statistical opportunities for accounting and analyzing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the structure and dynamics of the labor resources.
13
Stevens, Gillian, Hiromi Ishizawa, and Douglas Grbic. "Measuring race and ethnicity in the censuses of Australia, Canada, and the United States: Parallels and paradoxes." Canadian Studies in Population 42, no. 1-2 (March 4, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6pw39.
Full textAbstract:
Most national censuses include questions about race, colour, national origins, ethnicity, ancestry, and tribe in an effort to describe subgroups within their population. In this paper, we focus on changes over the last half-century in the racial and ethnic classification schemes of the censuses in three countries that share important historical and demographic features Australia, Canada, and the United States. We show that there are similarities, as well as some idiosyncratic features, in how these three nations define and describe racial and ethnic subgroups. We then argue that the gathering of data on the racial/ethnic subgroups in these three nations has followed a similar progression over the last half-century because of shifts in the understanding of race and ethnicity, data-gathering procedures, and the ongoing dialogue between each national population and its data-gathering institution.
14
ROSSI, LORENZO. "A UNIFIED THEORY OF TRUTH AND PARADOX." Review of Symbolic Logic 12, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 209–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020319000078.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe sentences employed in semantic paradoxes display a wide range of semantic behaviours. However, the main theories of truth currently available either fail to provide a theory of paradox altogether, or can only account for some paradoxical phenomena by resorting to multiple interpretations of the language, as in (Kripke, 1975). In this article, I explore the wide range of semantic behaviours displayed by paradoxical sentences, and I develop a unified theory oftruth and paradox, that is a theory of truth that also provides a unified account of paradoxical sentences. The theory I propose here yields a threefold classification of paradoxical sentences—liar-like sentences, truth-teller–like sentences, and revenge sentences. Unlike existing treatments of semantic paradox, the theory put forward in this article yields a way of interpreting all three kinds of paradoxical sentences, as well as unparadoxical sentences, within a single model.
15
Kearin, Madeline Bourque. "Strange Cases: Jekyll & Hyde Narratives as Rhetorical Strategy in Sir Alexander Morison’s Physiognomy of Mental Diseases." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 75, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jraa001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sir Alexander Morison’s Physiognomy of Mental Diseases (1838) was created as a didactic tool for physicians, depicting lunatics in both the active and dormant states of disease. Through the act of juxtaposition, Morison constituted his subjects as their own Jekylls and Hydes, capable of radical transformation. In doing so, he marshaled artistic and clinical, visual and textual approaches in order to pose a particular argument about madness as a temporally manifested, visually distinguishable state defined by its contrast with reason. This argument served a crucial function in legitimizing the emergent discipline of psychiatry by applying biomedical methodologies to the observation and classification of distinctly physical symptoms. Robert Louis Stevenson’s “quintessentially Victorian parable” serves as a metaphor for the way 19th-century alienists conceptualized insanity, while the theme of duality at the core of Stevenson’s story serves as a framework for conceptualizing both psychiatry and the subjects it generates. It was (and is) a discipline formulated around narrative as the primary organizing structure for its particular set of paradoxes, and specifically, narratives of the self as a fluid, dynamic, and contradictory entity.
16
Marasini, Donata, Piero Quatto, and Enrico Ripamonti. "Assessing the inter-rater agreement for ordinal data through weighted indexes." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 25, no. 6 (September 30, 2016): 2611–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280214529560.
Full textAbstract:
Assessing the inter-rater agreement between observers, in the case of ordinal variables, is an important issue in both the statistical theory and biomedical applications. Typically, this problem has been dealt with the use of Cohen’s weighted kappa, which is a modification of the original kappa statistic, proposed for nominal variables in the case of two observers. Fleiss (1971) put forth a generalization of kappa in the case of multiple observers, but both Cohen’s and Fleiss’ kappa could have a paradoxical behavior, which may lead to a difficult interpretation of their magnitude. In this paper, a modification of Fleiss’ kappa, not affected by paradoxes, is proposed, and subsequently generalized to the case of ordinal variables. Monte Carlo simulations are used both to testing statistical hypotheses and to calculating percentile and bootstrap-t confidence intervals based on this statistic. The normal asymptotic distribution of the proposed statistic is demonstrated. Our results are applied to the classical Holmquist et al.’s (1967) dataset on the classification, by multiple observers, of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Finally, we generalize the use of s* to a bivariate case.
17
Matiiv, A. B., N. P. Trubitsina, A. G. Matveenko, Y. A. Barbitoff, G. A. Zhouravleva, and S. A. Bondarev. "Amyloid and Amyloid-Like Aggregates: Diversity and the Term Crisis." Biochemistry (Moscow) 85, no. 9 (September 2020): 1011–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297920090035.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Active accumulation of the data on new amyloids continuing nowadays dissolves boundaries of the term “amyloid”. Currently, it is most often used to designate aggregates with cross-β structure. At the same time, amyloids also exhibit a number of other unusual properties, such as: detergent and protease resistance, interaction with specific dyes, and ability to induce transition of some proteins from a soluble form to an aggregated one. The same features have been also demonstrated for the aggregates lacking cross-β structure, which are commonly called “amyloid-like” and combined into one group, although they are very diverse. We have collected and systematized information on the properties of more than two hundred known amyloids and amyloid-like proteins with emphasis on conflicting examples. In particular, a number of proteins in membraneless organelles form aggregates with cross-β structure that are morphologically indistinguishable from the other amyloids, but they can be dissolved in the presence of detergents, which is not typical for amyloids. Such paradoxes signify the need to clarify the existing definition of the term amyloid. On the other hand, the demonstrated structural diversity of the amyloid-like aggregates shows the necessity of their classification.
18
Cabitza, Federico, Andrea Campagner, Domenico Albano, Alberto Aliprandi, Alberto Bruno, Vito Chianca, Angelo Corazza, et al. "The Elephant in the Machine: Proposing a New Metric of Data Reliability and its Application to a Medical Case to Assess Classification Reliability." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10114014.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we present and discuss a novel reliability metric to quantify the extent a ground truth, generated in multi-rater settings, as a reliable basis for the training and validation of machine learning predictive models. To define this metric, three dimensions are taken into account: agreement (that is, how much a group of raters mutually agree on a single case); confidence (that is, how much a rater is certain of each rating expressed); and competence (that is, how accurate a rater is). Therefore, this metric produces a reliability score weighted for the raters’ confidence and competence, but it only requires the former information to be actually collected, as the latter can be obtained by the ratings themselves, if no further information is available. We found that our proposal was both more conservative and robust to known paradoxes than other existing agreement measures, by virtue of a more articulated notion of the agreement due to chance, which was based on an empirical estimation of the reliability of the single raters involved. We discuss the above metric within a realistic annotation task that involved 13 expert radiologists in labeling the MRNet dataset. We also provide a nomogram by which to assess the actual accuracy of a classification model, given the reliability of its ground truth. In this respect, we also make the point that theoretical estimates of model performance are consistently overestimated if ground truth reliability is not properly taken into account.
19
Konovalov, V. A. "CATEGORY BIG DATA MODEL OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 210 (December 2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2021.12.pp.036-042.
Full textAbstract:
The socioeconomic systems in which the tasks of countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism are solved are considered. An intermediate conclusion is presented and made that it is necessary to synthesize a problem-oriented control subsystem for such systems and tasks. The management tasks that distinguish such a data model in modern conditions are highlighted. It is proposed to use a categorical-theoretic approach for synthesizing a data model, which is free from the mathematical paradoxes of mathematical sets, and is also not limited by the size of the data sample from very large samples, such as big data. The purpose of modeling is to synthesize a mathematical model of big data from a variety of data sources of socioeconomic systems, which provides the classification of objects in interrelation (interaction) with other objects to identify such objects and relationships (interactions) that relate to legalization (laundering) proceeds from crime and financing of terrorism. The input samples are mathematically defined. A mathematical model of big data is synthesized in terms of category theory. The module provides the representation of input data samples in the form (format), which makes it possible to classify objects and categories of socioeconomic systems.
20
Greiner, Bernhard. "“This Nothing of a Voice”: Kafka’s Josefine Narrative as a Modern Reflection on Revelation and Language." Naharaim 15, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/naha-2020-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In reference to the paradoxical classification of art in Kafka’s Josefine story, religious aspects of the artist’s performances and their effect on the audience are scrutinized. The leading question is to what extent it evokes an allusion to the primal scene of divine revelation, following Stéphane Mosès’ commentary in his readings of the Bible. Josefine’s singing with a “nothing of a voice”, reduced to “the slightest of nullities”, the zero-point of signification, nevertheless affects an experience of presence and community that touches the listeners’ entire being. From the perspective of the artist, her song recitals are manifestations of supreme art of which she claims a soteriological significance in respect of her audience who belongs in Kafka’s portrayal obviously to the Jewish people. Around such a tension between maximal restraint of an utterance (the voice onset of the aleph of the word anokhi/I) and all-encompassing meaning (the name of God and all Commandments whose acceptance is constitutive for the Jewish people) circle the theological exegeses of the Sinai-scene (esp. Ex. 20,1) in the tradition of Rashi and Maimonides, in modernity e.g. of Gershom Scholem in dispute with Walter Benjamin on Kafka. It will be shown that the depicted paradoxes of Josefine’s art performances unfold the mentioned tension as an original literary reflection on revelation and language under the conditions of modernity.
21
Seah, Shuo, Mirna Amirya, and Qiao Wang. "What Drives the Institutionalization of Performance Measurement Systems in Indonesian Local Government?" GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 4, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.1(3).
Full textAbstract:
Objective - The objective of this paper is to explore and understand the motivators of institutionalization of Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) in the Indonesian Local Government (ILG), particularly in the Batu municipality presenting the performance paradoxes. Performance accountability issues have been encouraging the Batu municipality to implement PMS since the beginning of the 2000s. Methodology/Technique - The theoretical framework and interpretation of this study are adopted from the institutional theory (coercive, mimetic, normative, and allomorphism) which is used to analyze the phenomenon. The researchers employ a single case study to scrutinize the motivators of institutionalization by elaborating on document analysis conducted from the interviews of 10 employees in a different range of management levels (top, middle, and lower). Findings - The results of this study reveal that exogenous (coercive, mimetic and normative) and endogenous (allomorphism) drivers encourage the institutionalization of PMS in the Batu municipality with coercive pressure as a major driver and allomorphism as a mere ceremonial driver (rather than an instrument). Novelty - The practical implications of this study can be used to improve the PMS process and the quality of performance reporting in the Batu municipality and in other local governments. This paper is also expected to fill the gap in existing literature on the implementation of PMS within a developing country (in this case, Indonesia). Type of Paper: Empirical Paper. Keywords: Performance Measurement Systems; Institutional Theory; Indonesian Local Government; Batu Municipality. JEL Classification: P47, M48, P49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.1(3)
22
Karpov, G. V. "How Many Ways are there Not to Act?" Discourse 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-1-19-37.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article offers a formal analysis of negative action sentences. The goal of the article is to define the notion of non-action, propose a classification of types of nonaction, and to describe the situations of agentive non-doing.Methodology and sources. We propose to interpret the passage from von Wright, which deals with possible interpretations of negative action sentences, as the description of types of non-action. With the help of formal tools of the logic of action, we show the difference between the supposed types of non-action as the difference between the sentences of the subject language, interpreted in different models, each of which sets specific conditions for the choice open to an agent. We offer definitions for the detected types of non-action and illustrate the differences between them with several examples.Results and discussion. We trace the embodiment of von Wright’s original ideas in modern logic of actions and then conclude the existence of a simplified interpretation of refraining in this tradition, which entailed many paradoxes when an agent refrains from everything that she does not do. We show how our analysis expands the scope of possible reactions of an agent, so that the paradox of refraining, noted by the formal and informal schools of research of this phenomenon, becomes vanishes.Conclusion. We propose to consider the list of types of non-action, the definitions of which we obtained as a result of a formal analysis of refraining, to be an exhaustive list of alternatives available to the agent in connection with any possible state of affairs in theory.
23
Hand, Felicity. "“Picking up the crumbs of England”: East African Asians in Yasmin Alibhai-Brown’s autobiographies." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 53, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989416652646.
Full textAbstract:
Ugandan-born journalist, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown has published two autobiographical works: No Place like Home (1995) and The Settler’s Cookbook: A Memoir of Love, Migration and Food (2008). The former is an account of her childhood and adolescence in Uganda up to the expulsion of the Asian community in 1972. The latter work is a highly unusual combination of autobiography combined with no less than 113 recipes, each of which highlights a specific person, period, or event in her memoir. While No Place Like Home responds to the accepted principles of autobiographical writing, The Settler’s Cookbook defies generic classification and is perhaps the author’s own way of depicting the Asian community, sandwiched between two communities, the Europeans and the Africans. In this article I propose to focus on Alibhai-Brown’s critical stance towards her community in her analysis of the social and political reasons for the negative image of the Asian in East Africa, as reflected in the first part of my title. Despite her frank observations on the endogamic nature of her community, she also pays tribute to the many Asian women who tried to build bridges between communities, a difficult task considering the constraints placed on female agency. As she states in The Settler’s Cookbook, “[t]o be an Asian woman in the 1950s in East Africa must have been both exhilarating and confusing” (2008: 151). Alibhai-Brown’s work, written in the diaspora and with the benefit of hindsight, has unravelled many of the paradoxes of the ambiguous position of the South Asian community in East Africa.
24
Kholod, Alexander. "The Problems of Psycholinguistic Research Methodology and Quantum Approach." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 25, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 338–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-25-2-338-370.
Full textAbstract:
In the article, the author analyzes the problem of lack of knowledge about what could be the research methods in psycholinguistics from the standpoint of quantum theories.
The purpose of the study is to establish the possibility of combining the theoretical potential of modern psycholinguistics and the proven tenets of quantum theories and the formulation of the tasks of the intended combination.
Both the dialectic and the metaphysical methods have become the research methodology. From among the general scientific the author chose methods of analysis and synthesis, classification. The research methodology included the following main procedures: identification of criteria by which it is possible to further classify existing methods related to the study of human nature, self-actualization of its internal resources to improve their own health, luck and safety; defining the tasks of the psycholinguistic research methodology within the framework of the quantum theories and areas of knowledge methodology; determination of the probabilistic correlation of psycholinguistic research methods and the potential of the methods of the quantum approach to the study of human nature and the construction of a table based on the mentioned correlation; identification of the tasks of the psycholinguistic research methodology, taking into account the potential of the methods associated with the study of quantum processes, paradoxes and effects; presentation of recommendations and tasks of psycholinguistics in the application of quantum-method methods.
In the conclusions of his study, the author found that the methods of psycholinguistics are based on a materialistic basis and cannot be adequate and relevant for quantum psychology, the methods of which are close to non-materialistic. That is why, according to the author, the methodology of quantum psychology should be adopted, declaring that the human brain is not a place of generation of his consciousness, but only an instrument of perception and interpretation of the products of consciousness.
25
VAN ROIE, MARTIJN, SHAWN CLARK, ALEXANDER KONSTANTINOV, DAVID FURTH, and ADELITA M. LINZMEIER. "A paradox indeed: description of genitalia and clarification of the subtribal classification of Pachyonychis paradoxus Clark and Pachyonychus paradoxus Melsheimer (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)." Zootaxa 5227, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5227.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
Pachyonychis paradoxus Clark, 1860 and Pachyonychus paradoxus Melsheimer, 1847 are two species of Alticini whose strikingly similar names have led to significant confusion in the past. Recent study of American Oedionychina Chapuis, 1875 raised doubts about the validity of the subtribal placement of Pachyonychis Clark. Although general characteristics put this genus in Oedionychina, other features, especially the unusual shape of the pronotum, suggested that this monotypic genus would belong in Monoplatina Chapuis, 1875 instead. To collect evidence for the validity of its current placement, we compared external and genitalic morphology of both species to other members of Monoplatina and Oedionychina. Here we present images and descriptions of female genitalia for both species and male genitalia of Pachyonychus paradoxus Melsheimer, to our knowledge the first of their kind, and we conclude that the evidence supports the current subtribal placement of these two genera. Lectotypes are designated for both Pachyonychis paradoxus Clark and Pachyonychus paradoxus Melsheimer.
26
Frolkina, Daria I. "Realization of the Comic in the Story by A. Borisova "Zapiski dlya moikh potomkov" (Notes for My Descendants)." Philology 18, no. 9 (2020): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-9-202-211.
Full textAbstract:
In the following article, we explore the ways to create a comic effect in the in the stories of the modern Yakut children’s writer A. Borisova Zapiski dlya moikh potomkov (Notes for My Descendants). The comedic tropes are analyzed on three levels: the characters, the situations, and the language. Children's literature has always been particularly humorous and entertaining, which is vividly seen in the works of the best domestic children's writers (N. Nosov, V. Dragunsky, V. Golyavkin etc.). Because of this, in literary criticism and linguistics there is an extensive classification of various techniques for creating a comedic effect. E. Garanina, N. M. Rotanova, I. V. Tsikusheva and others are engaged in the study of these techniques using children's literature as their research material. Nevertheless, the major works are still devoted to the issues of linguistic comedic effects which determines the relevance of this study. The comic effect of the story by A. Borisova is achieved in several ways, including those of non-literary nature, for example, theatrical circus in the form of classic buffoonery. The comedy is delivered by the main character of the story – the restless girl Valentinka whose defining trait is her ability to get into various funny situations. Valentine’s character is outlined from different sides; the negative sides of the girl are, too, shown to the reader. Because of this, the author emphasizes that the protagonist is a realistic character with all the positive and negative traits typical for real people. Thus the author achieves one of the goals of children’s literature: to convey the important moral and moral values to the child reader using the example of a young protagonist. The comedic elements of fictional situations are based on unexpected or comic contrast caused by a misunderstandings. Language-based comedy is represented quite widely and is based on various types of wordplay, for example, using polysemy, phraseological units or language paradoxes, incorrect word reproduction and imitation of word formation typical for children’s speech. Summing up, we can say that the stories of the Yakut author A. Borisova Zapiski dlya moikh potomkov (Notes for My Descendants) demonstrate various ways of creating a comic effect on a variety of text levels.
27
Panichkin, Vyacheslav B. "FICTIONS AND PRESUMPTIONS AS A LEGAL WRITING TECHNIQUE IN INHERITANCE AND THE RESULTING LEGAL PARADOXES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND COMMON LAW." Law of succession 1 (March 11, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4179-2021-1-12-16.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the special role of legal fictions and presumptions as the tools of the Succession Law regulation in comparison or Russian and American Law. Author depicts the difference of methods of these instruments use, concerning theories, classifications in relation to succession. The mechanism of legal paradoxes as the consequences of fictions is revealed.
28
Wunenburger, Jean-Jacques. "L’idole au regard de la philosophie des images." Protée 29, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030633ar.
Full textAbstract:
L’idole est une image paradoxale : image suprême, autosuffisante, elle inaugure aussi la mort de l’image qui ne vit que d’un rapport de dissemblance dans la ressemblance. Toute la philosophie de l’image en Occident, grecque (chez Platon), chrétienne (dans l’incarnation), moderne (dans l’esthétique du sublime), n’a peut-être fait que commenter ce paradoxe en reprenant sans cesse le patient travail de classification et de hiérarchisation des images afin de les sauver de leur contrefaçon idolâtre.
29
Popescu, Mihaela. "Le tabou linguistique. Un paradoxe toujours actuel." ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LODZIENSIS. FOLIA LITTERARIA ROMANICA, no. 12 (May 22, 2017): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9065.12.13.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cet article, nous avons étendu la recherche dans le domaine du tabou linguistique et nous avons rendu plus clairs certains aspects liés à ce sujet, aspects identifiés et présentés, partiellement, dans l’une de nos études précédentes. Pour illustrer notre description théorique, nous avons choisi des exemples appartenant au discours politique et social de la langue roumaine de l’époque communiste, de la langue roumaine actuelle, mais aussi au vocabulaire international. Nous avons proposé deux critères théoriques de classification du tabou linguistique. L’un d’eux est de nature fonctionnelle et il reflète la relation entre la cause et l’effet impliqués dans la création du tabou. L’autre est un critère pragmatique et il repose sur le principe que le tabou linguistique pourrait être considéré comme un acte de discours qui exprime la relation entre son succès et son échec. Nous avons également identifié certaines caractéristiques paradoxales du tabou. En conséquence, nous avons remarqué qu’un langage d’interdiction (ne pas dire x) génère souvent, en contrepartie, des mots et des phrases chargés stylistiquement. D’un côté, là où il était censé être un manque, le vocabulaire s’enrichit de nouveaux mots ou de paraphrases. D’un autre côté, au niveau pragmatique, le succès total de l’acte d’interdiction implique le silence. Or, par excellence, le tabou linguistique se manifeste comme une forme lexicale.
30
Perrenoud, Manuel, and Alain Muller. "Des recherches sur la formation des enseignant·e·s de plus en plus focalisées et de moins en moins argumentées ? Explorations typologiques d’un chassé-croisé." Swiss Journal of Educational Research 43, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24452/sjer.43.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
Cette contribution propose un exercice de double classification d’un corpus restreint de textes (issus de la RSSE entre 2000 et 2019) qui concernent la relation entre recherche en éducation et formation à l’enseignement. Un paradoxe est mis en exergue : au fil des années, une augmentation des prétentions épistémologiques à décrire un lien normatif entre recherche et formation est relevée alors que, dans le même temps, la teneur argumentative diminue. Cherchant à conceptualiser et interpréter cette évolution, les auteurs de cette synthèse rétrospective suggèrent que les préoccupations dominantes des sciences de l’éducation auraient elles-mêmes changé d’échelle.
31
Lombarte, A., and A. Castellón. "Interspecific and intraspecific otolith variability in the genus Merluccius as determined by image analysis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 2442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-343.
Full textAbstract:
Morphological variation in the sagittal otoliths of six species of the genus Merluccius was compared. The outlines of the otoliths were broken down numerically and classified according to numerical taxonomic methods. The results of this classification indicated that the specific characters of the sagittae emerge with individual growth, so that the otoliths from small individuals of various species exhibit plesiomorphic characters and are quite similar to one another. The otoliths from individuals longer than 20 cm can be classified into two geographic and phylogenetic groups: a Euro-African group (M. merluccius, M. capensis, and M. paradoxus) with plesiomorphic features, and an American group (M. bilinearis, M. productus, and M. gayi).
32
Stilwell, Jeffrey D. "Trilobites and Linnaeus: the first fossil reconstruction from 1759." Archives of Natural History 33, no. 1 (April 2006): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.1.101.
Full textAbstract:
A paper by renowned eighteenth century Swedish naturalist, Carl Linnaeus, published in 1759, contained the first fossil reconstruction of what was later called a trilobite and was an early milestone in invertebrate palaeontology. The earliest work devoted solely to Palaeozoic trilobites (Arthropoda), Linnaeus' “Petrificatet Entomolithus paradoxus …” delved, in great detail, into the classification of this genus intermedium between known marine crustaceans. Linnaeus depicted on two folding, copper-engraved plates the fossil animal (comprising the cephalon, thorax and pygidium with pleural spines and furrows) from the best-preserved material in limestone thus far recovered, including an erroneous interpretation of antennae in relation to this Swedish material – however, confirmed in the latter part of the nineteenth century with well-preserved Silurian trilobites.
33
Bornand, Thierry, Benjamin Biard, Pierre Baudewyns, and Min Reuchamps. "Satisfaits de la démocratie ? Une analyse du soutien démocratique à partir de la comparaison de deux méthodes de classification des citoyens." Canadian Journal of Political Science 50, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 795–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423917000671.
Full textAbstract:
RésuméIl est un paradoxe démocratique régulièrement mis en avant : les peuples qui ne connaissent pas la démocratie l'appellent de leurs vœux, alors que, là où elle existe, la démocratie est fortement critiquée. Cela ne signifie pas que les citoyens qui vivent sous la démocratie veulent s'en débarrasser, mais que leur confiance dans le fonctionnement du système démocratique est fortement érodée. Cet article étudie le soutien démocratique en s'interrogeant sur sa mesure, à partir d'une enquête sur un échantillon représentatif de la population wallonne en Belgique. Pour ce faire, il compare deux méthodes de classification des citoyens : la méthode dite « a priori », classiquement utilisée dans la littérature, et une méthode dite « inductive », inspirée de la psychologie sociale. Trois profils, dont les contours varient partiellement selon la méthode, émergent –les « non-démocrates », les « démocrates satisfaits » et les « démocrates insatisfaits »– et sont analysés au travers de quatre approches théoriques : les ressources, la modernisation, l'idéologie et l'identification nationale.
34
Collins, Rory W. "Modeling Gender as a Multidimensional Sorites Paradox." Hypatia 36, no. 2 (2021): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2020.11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGender is both indeterminate and multifaceted: many individuals do not fit neatly into accepted gender categories, and a vast number of characteristics are relevant to determining a person's gender. This article demonstrates how these two features, taken together, enable gender to be modeled as a multidimensional sorites paradox. After discussing the diverse terminology used to describe gender, I extend Helen Daly's research into sex classifications in the Olympics and show how varying testosterone levels can be represented using a sorites argument. The most appropriate way of addressing the paradox that results, I propose, is to employ fuzzy logic. I then move beyond physiological characteristics and consider how gender portrayals in reality television shows align with Judith Butler's notion of performativity, thereby revealing gender to be composed of numerous criteria. Following this, I explore how various elements of gender can each be modeled as individual sorites paradoxes such that the overall concept forms a multidimensional paradox. Resolving this dilemma through fuzzy logic provides a novel framework for interpreting gender membership.
35
Garofalo, Luigi. "POJĘCIA I ŻYWOTNOŚĆ RZYMSKIEGO PRAWA KARNEGO." Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.1.01.
Full textAbstract:
THE NOTIONS AND VITALITY OF THE ROMAN CRIMINAL LAWSummary In the recent studies one tends to revaluate the influence of the Roman criminal law on the later penal doctrine, as well as the achievements of the Roman criminal law itself, rejecting the previous theories presenting it as significantly inferior. It is noticed in this study that the medieval jurists idolized the Roman law, adopted it to the new circumstances, and obviously made mistakes interpreting it. And thus the influence of the Roman jurisprudence on the penal doctrine of the ius commune Europe was thoroughly substantial. Notwithstanding the popular opinion also many of the Enlightenment jurists (as, for instance, Gaetano Filangieri and Francesco Mario Pagano) not only knew but also benefited from the Roman criminal law legacy. The doctrine of crime of the successive period was less inspired by the Roman criminal law, which however did not totally lose its significance. It still had some indirect influence, as the nineteenth century codifiers did not stop using the notions of criminal law shaped-up by the mediaeval jurists overwhelmingly impressed by the Roman law.The main part of the study presents a brief overview of the Roman criminal law, especially of the principal rules constituting today the general part of criminal law, principles which could be directly or indirectly found in the experience of the Roman prudentes. It is pointed out that the only Roman lawyer who tried classifying Roman criminal law was Claudius Saturninus (D. 48,19,16). His classification is later discussed in the article as well as some of the crimina (public law crimes), observing that the Romans never separated the Roman criminal law from ius. On this occasion it is underlined that one of the rules often ascribed to the Romans, nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali, not only was not their own invention but it was clearly contrary to the criminal law practice in their times (the principle itself being probably formulated only by a German lawyer, Feuerbach). The Romans tried describing the subjective and objective element of the crime as well as presenting various defences available to the culprits (e.g., age, necessity, self-defence, mistake, etc).In the last part o f the paper the possible influence of the Roman criminal law constructions on the Middle Ages is pondered over. The often wrong interpretations of the ancient sources led to some embarrassment and paradoxes. This explains Baldus’ famous statement allowing the judge to construe the (Roman) statute according to the principles of the ius commune, which would in turn revive the statute and save it from an inevitable decay. The mediaeval lawyers studied and analysed the figures of deliberate misconduct and unintentional negligence (anyway without further effects in clarifying vague issue o f the subjective element of the crime). Some of the defences, like the most important figure of self-defence, known and elaborated in the Roman law came to the teachings and studies of the doctores in their original shape and significance, sometimes even stimulating further development of the penal doctrine. The mediaeval ius commune jurists adopted Roman considerations applying different responsibility regarding the doer’s age as well as Roman systématisations of the crimes subordinated to various legal principles. And therefore the doctores, following the Roman example, drew a line between public and private crimes, these which were officially prosecuted and those which were brought to court on a basis of a private motion. The jurists distinguished between lay-public and ecclesiastical crimes, between ordinary and peculiar offences, dishonourable and regular wrong-doings. Similarly the mediaeval lawyers took over the Roman considerations about attempt and iter criminis as well as concurrence of crimes and offenders.In conclusion the paper, wishing for a future development of the studies on the subject, summarises that the theoretical solutions and considerations in the Roman criminal law wrought out above by the classical jurisprudence outlived their times and became the source of the doctrinal inspirations in the coming centuries.
36
Bałtowski, Maciej, and Stefan Sękowski. "Oligarchia w Polsce ‒ dlaczego jej nie ma?" Sprawy Międzynarodowe 73, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2020.73.4.01.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to explain the special feature of the contemporary Polish economy which is the lack of oligarchy after 30 years of the post-communist transformation.The article consists of three parts. The first covers the theoretical and methodological framework for further analysis. We present the definitions and classifications of oligarchy and oligarchic systems in the modern world and provide a brief overview of the literature on the subject and the state of knowledge.In the second part, we explain the lack of an oligarchic system in Poland, linking this fact with specific elements of the socialist heritage and with the model of economic transformation and privatisation adopted in this country during the first years of the systemic reforms.In the third part, we present two paradoxes that are related to the oligarchisation of post-communist economies and, indirectly, to the assessment of the Polish path of economic and political transformation. We show that oligarchy and the relatively large sector of state-owned enterprises determine two different models of rent-seeking. The aim of this study is to explain the special feature of the contemporary Polish economy which is the lack of oligarchy after 30 years of the post-communist transformation.
37
Nescolarde-Selva, Josué Antonio, Hugh Gash, and Jose-Luis Usó-Domenech. "What are unintended and adverse consequences?" Kybernetes 48, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2017-0466.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the unintended consequences of actions as one of the central and constituent elements of sociological theory and long debated in the history of sociology. This question has been treated under varying sociological terminologies, including, providence, social forces, social paradoxes, heterogeneity of ends, immanent causality and the principle of emergency. Design/methodology/approach This paper is concerned with “adverse effects”. The thematic contexts of “unintended consequences of social action” the authors wish to focus attention on are specific types of consequences which may merit the adjective “adverse”. Findings The analysis of the intentions of our actions and their unwanted or foreseen consequences allows us to understand how societies work. Many historical facts are probably “unintentional.” But, most continuous or changing life forms must be interpreted as a mixture of intentional (social reproduction) and unintentional consequences (social change). Originality/value This paper focuses on four points of view: the object of sociology, the problems of order and social change, the methodological status of the discipline and the nature of social explanation, and mathematical theory. Four classifications of unintended consequences are formulated from the works of Boudon, Baert and Ramos, as well as the authors.
38
Haouas, Fatma, and Zouhour Ben Dhiaf. "Stratégie de choix d'un formalisme de fusion mult-sources et apports au niveau du modèle de fusion par la DSmT: application à la classification d'images satellitaires haute résolution." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 207 (June 19, 2014): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2014.93.
Full textAbstract:
Nous présentons dans cet article, en premier lieu, une étude comparative de trois théories mathématique permettant deréaliser la fusion des sources d'information. Cette étude vise à dégager les caractéristiques inhérentes aux théories despossibilités, des fonctions de croyance (TFC) et du raisonnement plausible et paradoxal (DSmT) afin d'établir une stratégiede choix qui nous permet d'adopter la théorie la plus adéquate pour résoudre un problème de fusion en tenant comptedes informations acquises et des imperfections qui les accompagnent. En deuxième lieu, nous présentons également unenouvelle méthode pour déterminer les éléments focaux paradoxaux à l'aide des histogrammes de niveaux de gris. Ainsi,nous avons élaboré une nouvelle technique pour ordonner et coder les éléments focaux généralisés. Cette méthode estexploitée, en particulier, pour calculer la cardinalité de Dezert et Smarandache.
39
Kirejtshuk, A. G. "“Paradoxal” new genus and species of the family Nitidulidae (Polyphaga: Coleoptera) from Afro-Madagascarean and Australian Regions." Zoosystematica Rossica 20, no. 2 (December 25, 2011): 274–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2011.20.2.274.
Full textAbstract:
In the paper described are two new species of the genus Amphicrossus Erichson, 1843 (A. microtuberculatus sp. nov. from Sudan and A. uhligi sp. nov. from Zambia: Amphicrossinae), one new species of the genus Meligethinus Grouvelle 1906 (M. zimbabwensis sp. nov. from Zimbabwe: Meligethinae), one new species from the genus Neopallodes Reitter, Reitter, 1884 (N. madagascarensis sp. nov. from Madagascar: Nitidulinae, Cyllodini) and one species of the new genus Gonoglypha gen. nov. (G. distinctissima sp. nov. from Australia (Queensland): Nitidulinae, Cychramptodini). In the paper also some addition to the description of Meligethinus dolosus Grouvelle, 1919 from the eastern part of South Africa and some comments on significance of different characters, taxonomy and classifications of some groups of the family Nitidulidae are included.
40
Gorochov, A. V. "Taxonomic studies on the subfamily Landrevinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)." Zoosystematica Rossica 25, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 23–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2016.25.1.23.
Full textAbstract:
Some questions of classification of the subfamily Landrevinae Saussure, 1878 are discussed: the tribe Odontogryllini Mello, 1992, trib. resurr. is restored from synonymy; the genera Oreolandreva Chopard, 1945, Microlandreva Chopard, 1958 and Creolandreva Hugel, 2009 are included in the tribe Prolandrevini Gorochov, 2005. Some genera of the tribe Landrevini are considered: Duolandrevus Kirby, 1906; Repapa Otte, 1988; Endolandrevus Saussure, 1877; Endodrelanva Gorochov, 2000; Kotama Otte, 1988; Odontogryllodes Chopard, 1969. New taxa (38) from Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Philippines, Madagascar and Reunion Island are described: D. (Duolandrevus) bengkulu sp. nov., D. (D.) curup sp. nov., D. (D.) selatan sp. nov., D. (D.) manna sp. nov., D. (D.) lampung sp. nov., D. (D.) kubah sp. nov., D. (D.) sympatricus sp. nov., D. (D.) kalimantan sp. nov., D. (D.) balikpapan sp. nov., D. (D.) spinicauda sp. nov., D. (D.) sabah sp. nov., D. (Eulandrevus) tawau sp. nov., D. (E.) borneo sp. nov., D. (E.) microrarus sp. nov., D. (E.) megararus sp. nov., D. (Bejorama) parvulus sp. nov., D. (B.) firmus tioman subsp. nov., D. (B.) balabacus taytay subsp. nov., D. (B.) doloduo sp. nov., D. (B.) obliteratus sp. nov., D. (Jorama) curtipennis mindoro subsp. nov., R. trusmadi sp. nov., R. denticulata sp. nov., Sulawemina nitida gen. et sp. nov., Endolandrevus halmahera sp. nov., E. saussurei sp. nov., E. biak sp. nov., Endodrelanva tomentosa juara subsp. nov., E. macrorachis sp. nov., E. peculiaris sp. nov., E. chopardi sp. nov., K. incisa sp. nov., O. rotundatus sp. nov., O. angulatus sp. nov. (Landrevini); Striduleva gen. nov., Astriduleva analamazaotra gen. et sp. nov. (Prolandrevini). Neotype for D. (D.) coulonianus (Saussure, 1877); D. (D.) sulawesi Gorochov, 2000, comb. nov. и D. (E.) paradoxus Gorochov, 2001, comb. nov. are transferred from the genus Repapa Otte, 1988 to Duolandrevus s. l. (to its subgenera Duolandrevus s. str. and Eulandrevus, respectively); the former species R. proxima Gorochov, 2004 is considered as a subspecies of the latter species, i. e. as D. (E.) paradoxus proximus stat. nov.; subgeneric position of some old species of Duolandrevus s. l. is established or changed; data on previously unknown females and new localities are also given.
41
Osipov, Eugeny M., Anastasia V. Lilina, Stanislav I. Tsallagov, Tatyana N. Safonova, Dimitry Y. Sorokin, Tamara V. Tikhonova, and Vladimir O. Popov. "Structure of the flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase associated with the copper-binding protein CopC from the haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioalkalivibrio paradoxusARh 1." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 74, no. 7 (June 8, 2018): 632–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798318005648.
Full textAbstract:
Flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase from Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus (TpFCC) is a heterodimeric protein consisting of flavin- and monohaem c-binding subunits. TpFCC was co-purified and co-crystallized with the dimeric copper-binding protein TpCopC. The structure of the TpFCC–(TpCopC)2 complex was determined by X-ray diffraction at 2.6 Å resolution. The flavin-binding subunit of TpFCC is structurally similar to those determined previously, and the structure of the haem-binding subunit is similar to that of the N-terminal domain of dihaem FCCs. According to classification based on amino-acid sequence, TpCopC belongs to a high-affinity CopC subfamily characterized by the presence of a conserved His1-Xxx-His3 motif at the N-terminus. Apparently, a unique α-helix which is present in each monomer of TpCopC at the interface with TpFCC plays a key role in complex formation. The structure of the copper-binding site in TpCopC is similar to those in other known CopC structures. His3 is not involved in binding to the copper ion and is 6–7 Å away from this ion. Therefore, the His1-Xxx-His3 motif cannot be considered to be a key factor in the high affinity of CopC for copper(II) ions. It is suggested that the TpFCC–(TpCopC)2 heterotetramer may be a component of a large periplasmic complex that is responsible for thiocyanate metabolism.
42
Medina Silva, Isabel. "A Avaliação no Ensino da Filosofía." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 4, no. 7 (1996): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica1996479.
Full textAbstract:
O presente ensaio pretende levantar algumas dificuldades na aplicação de técnicas de avaliação no âmbito do ensino da filosofia no secundário. Com efeito, o ensino da filosofía encerra diversos paradoxos, quer ao nível da sua própria ensinabilidade, quer ao nível dos modelos de aprendizagem e da respectiva avaliação. Grande parte das dificuldades sentidas pela maioria dos professores provém de duas ordens de factores: - por um lado, do sistema educativo português que utiliza instrumentos legais para institucionalizar mecanismos de avaliação tendencialmente centralizadores e com efeitos retroactivos sobre os próprios modelos de ensino--aprendizagem; - por outro lado, da abordagem didáctica curricular da própria disciplina de filosofía, a qual, pelos seus objectivos próprios e pela natureza do seu saber questionante e radicalizante, não se quer inscrita no currículo como «mais uma disciplina » entre outras. Após se enunciar sumariamente alguns dos conhecidos (e não recentes) problemas que emergem do contexto das relações institucion ais entre a docência e o poder, onde a avaliação desempenha uma função crucial, propõe-se uma análise de aspectos da prática avaliativa no ensino da filosofía, tais como: - inadequação de procedimentos e dificuldades decorrentes da aplicação de técnicas de avaliação que foram pensadas para os domínios das ciências exactas ou experimentáis, quando transpostas para a área do ensino da filosofía; - a polémica entre os modelos quantitativos e os modelos qualitativos e a necessidade de inovação em áreas onde se verifica uma notória insuficiência na investigação pedagógica; - algumas sugestões sobre critérios e elementos a ter em conta no processo de avaliação para que esta não se reduza a mera técnica classificativa. Conclui-se apontando como orientação que a avaliação em filosófía deva ser pensada integradam ente no contexto da própria aprendizagem filosófica, e nunca como um ‘corpo estranho’ a esse processo, embora reconhecendo que se torna cada vez mais difícil conciliar esse propósito com as exigências institucionais de aferir essas práticas avaliativas segundo padrões ou normas criteriais genéricas.
43
Krakos, Kyra N., Matthew G. Johnson, Peter C. Hoch, Warren L. Wagner, Pu Huang, and Peter H. Raven. "Molecular Phylogenetics Reveals Multiple Transitions to Self-Compatibility in a Primary Subclade of Oenothera (Onagraceae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 107 (August 23, 2022): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2022735.
Full textAbstract:
Evolutionary shifts in breeding system are thought to have played key roles in the diversification of many lineages of plants, including the evening primrose family (Onagraceae), which includes the genus Oenothera L. Diversification in Oenothera has been accompanied by frequent breeding system shifts, but it is not clear whether these differences are due to shared evolutionary history or reflect repeated independent adaptations to varying ecological conditions. In this study, we focus on “Subclade B,” one of two primary clades within Oenothera, and combine phylogenetic reconstructions and breeding system data to evaluate evidence for multiple transitions to self-compatibility. This study includes 46 of the 58 named taxa (species and subspecies) of Oenothera Subclade B. Some taxa were sequenced in earlier analyses, available from GenBank, one was resampled here to add new sequences, and 28 taxa are newly sequenced here. We base our phylogeny on sequencing of portions of four chloroplast markers (rps16, ndhF, trnL-F, and rbcL) and two nuclear genes (ITS and ETS). We used pollination tests to verify or determine the breeding system of these taxa.
Our phylogeny supports the current classification of Oenothera with minor changes and provides greater insight and clarity to the relationships of these species. Our results provide support for the monophyly of most of the sections in Oenothera Subclade B, as well as greater resolution for topology within sections Gaura (L.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, Hartmannia (Spach) Walpers, Kneiffia (Spach) Walpers, and Megapterium (Spach) Walpers. Relationships among these monophyletic lineages, and the placement of sections Paradoxus W. L. Wagner and Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz, and of the allopolypoid O. hispida (Benth.) W. L. Wagner, Hoch & Zarucchi, are not uniformly well-supported and need further clarification, but these phylogenetic uncertainties had minimal impact on the inference of transitions in self-compatibility in Subclade B.
We use maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and stochastic character mapping to estimate the minimum and maximum number of transitions necessary to explain the phylogenetic distribution of self-compatible lineages. Our results confirm at least 12 and possibly up to 15 independent transitions from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility in Oenothera Subclade B. This lability in breeding system, which is also seen broadly across Oenothera, lends strong support to the hypothesis that this trait plays a key role in the diversification of the genus.
44
Demant, Peter R., and Ariel Finguerut. "The United States in the Middle East (2001–2014): from intervention to retrenchment/Os EUA no Oriente Médio (2001–2014): da intervenção ao cerceamento." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 4, no. 3 (December 21, 2015): 442–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2015.v4n3.03.p442.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the paradoxical consequences the so-called “Arab Spring”, from 2011 to 2014/15, which has led in various countries of the Arab world and beyond to different outcomes, but nowhere to stable democracy. We intend to discuss the outcomes of those political mobilizations and revolts, paying special attention to (a) the role of Islamist movements and (b) U.S reactions to the recent Mideast upheavals. We start with a general analysis and go to a few case studies (e.g. Egypt, Syria, and Turkey). In discussing the impact of Islamism, we attempt a classification of currents along two coordinates, one parameter contrasting Sunni and Shiite movements, the other laying out the continuum from pacific-modernist to violent jihadist. We defend that the dynamics of intra-Islamist tensions (such as Sunni jihadist against the Shiite Hizbullah-Syria-Iran axis) are no less crucial than the religious-secularist divide for understanding recent developments. Regarding US policies, we emphasize the dilemmas and contradictions within U.S government. We investigate the hypothesis that the US was caught largely unaware by the Arab Spring, and that its reactions suffered from the amorphousness of prior positions of the Obama administration, combined with leftovers from the Bush period. Internal contradictions of Obama’s Middle East doctrine coupled with a general isolationist trend have precluded the US from assuming more forceful policies, creating frustrations on all sides, and enflaming rather than dousing the fires of anti-Westernism in the Islamic world.Keywords: Arab Spring ; U.S policies ; Syria; jihadist. Resumo: O principal objetivo deste artigo é discutir as consequências paradoxais da chamada "Primavera Árabe", que a partir de 2011 aos nossos dias produziu em vários países do mundo árabe diferentes resultados, mas em nenhum lugar chegou-se à democracia estável. Temos a intenção de discutir os resultados dessas mobilizações políticas e revoltas, com especial atenção para (a) o papel dos movimentos islâmicos e (b) as reações e posturas dos EUA ante os recentes levantes no Oriente Médio. De uma análise geral partiremos para estudos de caso (como Egito, Síria e Turquia). Ao discutir o impacto do islamismo, tentamos uma classificação das correntes ao longo de duas coordenadas, um deles contrastando movimentos sunitas e xiitas, e outro que define o continuum de pacifista - modernista para jihadista –violento. Postulamos que a dinâmica das tensões intra- islâmicos (como a de jihadistas sunitas contra o eixo Hezbollah -Síria- Irã xiita) não são menos importantes do que a divisão religiosa - secular para compreender os desdobramentos recentes. No que diz respeito aos EUA, destacamos os dilemas e contradições dentro do governo dos EUA. Nós investigamos a hipótese de que os EUA foi pego de surpresa em grande parte pela Primavera Árabe, e que as reações do governo Obama traduzem mais um recolhimento do que um novo engajamento.Palavras-chave: Primavera Árabe; Políticas dos EUA; Síria; jihadismo. DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n3p442-475
45
ЗОРНИЦЬКА, Грина. "TYPOLOGY OF PARADOX: CLASSIFICATION OF PARADOXES IN FICTION." Humanitarian Education in Technical Universities, no. 26 (May 23, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2520-6818.26.7966.
Full text
46
Nino Kemertelidze and Meri Giorgadze. "PARADOXES AT LEXICAL, SYNTACTIC, AND TEXTUAL LEVELS." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, no. 6(27) (August 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30092020/7193.
Full textAbstract:
The presented article aims to study the problem of contradictory concepts, ideas by discussing oxymoron and antithesis, to give an outline of these very important and frequently used stylistic devices, their peculiarities and classification; also, to identify those new classes which were revealed after meticulously studying the material under investigation. Exactly these classes are the novelty that is suggested in the given article. Besides, the article studies contradictory themes developed in the text what we call a textual paradox.
47
Kumekhov, K. K., N. G. Danilochkina, V. I. Flegantov, and N. V. Cherner. "PARADOXES OF THE MODERN ECONOMIC SCIENCE." Gênero & Direito 8, no. 7 (January 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2179-7137.2019v8n7.50159.
Full textAbstract:
The crisis of the economic science may be explained largely by several paradoxes making logical premises uncertain. Based upon the “methodological pluralism”, they do not explain many fundamental matters making classification and accumulation of knowledge impossible. Our study aims to reveal (analysing modern economic theories by modelling) the main reasons of this state of the economic science, explain them scientifically and suggest the ways to eliminate them. By monographic studies, comparison and modelling, we have formulated the content of the scientific approach, its elements and their hierarchy. We have revealed the ways to implement scientific research and substantiated the need for economic modelling based upon identified criteria, and to build governmental economic policies on scientific grounds. Our conclusions and suggested measures are singular in respect of their content. They enable to evaluate objectively-based methodic grounds of the economic science anew. We believe, that the article would be of interest to a wide circle of researches dealing in methodology and economic modelling
48
Greiner, Bernhard. "“This Nothing of a Voice”: Kafka’s Josefine Narrative as a Modern Reflection on Revelation and Language." Naharaim, May 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/naharaim-2020-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In reference to the paradoxical classification of art in Kafka’s Josefine story, religious aspects of the artist’s performances and their effect on the audience are scrutinized. The leading question is to what extent it evokes an allusion to the primal scene of divine revelation, following Stéphane Mosès’ commentary in his readings of the Bible. Josefine’s singing with a “nothing of a voice”, reduced to “the slightest of nullities”, the zero-point of signification, nevertheless affects an experience of presence and community that touches the listeners’ entire being. From the perspective of the artist, her song recitals are manifestations of supreme art of which she claims a soteriological significance in respect of her audience who belongs in Kafka’s portrayal obviously to the Jewish people. Around such a tension between maximal restraint of an utterance (the voice onset of the aleph of the word anokhi/I) and all-encompassing meaning (the name of God and all Commandments whose acceptance is constitutive for the Jewish people) circle the theological exegeses of the Sinai-scene (esp. Ex. 20,1) in the tradition of Rashi and Maimonides, in modernity e.g. of Gershom Scholem in dispute with Walter Benjamin on Kafka. It will be shown that the depicted paradoxes of Josefine’s art performances unfold the mentioned tension as an original literary reflection on revelation and language under the conditions of modernity.
49
"AIS: Etiology, Pathogenesis. Facts and Reflections." International Journal of Orthopaedics Research 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/ijor.03.02.01.
Full textAbstract:
This article has conceptual character. Authors paid attention to one of the paradoxes of AIS-it’s being mono-form in the shape of a 3D deformation at any etiology (polietiology). The explanation of this paradox and its reason was found while performing a mathematical modeling of a 3D deformation. The developed model as "matrix", allowed not only to reestimate a number of known features of real AIS, but also to see the patterns in its development which weren't known earlier. Authors claim that AIS is a compensatory reaction of an organism to the unique circumstance - non-conjugation (non-synchronization) of longitudinal development of a spinal cord and its bone-disc-ligamentousmuscular "sheath". The fact of existence of two types of AIS - typical (lordoscoliosis) and atypical (kyphoscoliosis) serves as the major argument in favor of such conclusion. Speaking of lordoscoliosis, we should know, that the "sheath" has the excess of longitudinal size, and concerning kyphoscoliosis - insufficient longitudinal size. Results of studying an endocrine regulation of a bone formation at patients with both types of AIS allowed the authors to establish features of an osteotropic hormonal profile which is usually directly correlated both with a clinical picture, and with nature of a spine column deformation progress. Causes interest authors interpretation of the melatonin theory of a pathogenesis of AIS. The authors explanation of the origin of phenomenon’s EMG is intriguing - they explain it through high electrical activity of muscles on apex frontal curve. In the final part of this article new classification of AIS origin is offered for discussion - hormonal, spinal and central.
50
Lazem, Shaimaa, Danilo Giglitto, Makuochi Samuel Nkwo, Hafeni Mthoko, Jessica Upani, and Anicia Peters. "Challenges and Paradoxes in Decolonising HCI: A Critical Discussion." Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), July 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-021-09398-0.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe preponderance of Western methods, practices, standards, and classifications in the manner in which new technology-related knowledge is created and globalised has led to calls for more inclusive approaches to design. A decolonisation project is concerned with how researchers might contribute to dismantling and re-envisioning existing power relations, resisting past biases, and balancing Western heavy influences in technology design by foregrounding the authentic voices of the indigenous people in the entire design process. We examine how the establishment of local Global South HCI communities (AfriCHI and ArabHCI) has led to the enactment of decolonisation practices. Specifically, we seek to uncover how decolonisation is perceived in the AfriCHI and ArabHCI communities as well as the extent to which both communities are engaged with the idea of decolonisation without necessarily using the term. We drew from the relevant literature, our own outsider/insider lived experiences, and the communities’ responses to an online anonymised survey to highlight three problematic but interrelated practical paradoxes: a terminology, an ethical, and a micro-colonisation paradox. We argue that these paradoxes expose the dilemmas faced by local non-Western researchers as they pursue decolonisation thinking. This article offers a blended perspective on the decolonisation debate in HCI, CSCW, and the practice-based CSCW scholarly communities and invites researchers to examine their research work using a decolonisation lens.