Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Classification de mouvements'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 46 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Classification de mouvements.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Moubtahij, Redouane El. "Transformations polynomiales, applications à l'estimation de mouvements et la classification." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2268/document.
The research relies on modeling the dynamic functional information from the fields of apparent movement using basic orthogonal polynomials. The goal is to model the movement and texture extracted for automatic analysis and recognition of images and videos. We are interested both in human movements as dynamic textures. Orthogonal polynomials bases were studied. This approach is particularly interesting because it offers a multi-resolution and a multi-scale decomposition. The first contribution of this thesis is the definition of method of image spatial decomposition: the image is projected and partially rebuilt with an appropriate choice of the degree of anisotropy associated with the decomposition equation based on polynomial transformations. This spatial approach is extended into three dimensions to retrieve the dynamic texture in videos. Our second contribution is to use image sequences that represent the geometric parts as initial images to extract color optical flow. Two descriptors of action, spatial and space-time, based on the combination of information of motion / texture are extracted. It is thus possible to define a system to recognize a complex action (composed of a series of fields of motion and polynomial texture) in a video
Crenn, Arthur. "Reconnaissance d’expressions corporelles dans des mouvements de personnes en vue de la synthèse de style." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1341.
The theme of my thesis concerns the recognition and synthesis of facial and body expressions. Our problem is to study, understand and extract the elements that translate a person's emotional state from the expressions of his face and body, in order to recognize and also to synthesize the emotion or style in a gesture. This dual objective of recognition and synthesis will make it possible to generalize new modes of interaction in applications such as video games, human-machine interaction, etc. Indeed, these applications can be enriched with scenarios that could be adapted to the emotional state of the user. To answer this problem, the crucial point is to understand "where" the expression information is located in an action. Indeed, in a few seconds, a human knows how to characterize an expression he sees while recognition algorithms are still far from it, especially for body expressions where, to our knowledge, little work has been done compared to the recognition of facial expressions. Concerning the recognition of expressions, our objective is, first of all, to propose features capable of recognizing the expression carried by a movement. To do this, the main problem is to separate the movement achieved from the perceived expression. Concerning the recognition of facial expressions, we are interested in the societal problem of parental protection. To do this, it is necessary to understand and know how to recognize facial expressions of children. To solve this problem, we have built and proposed a new database to help the computer vision community understand the specificities of facial expressions of children's faces. Secondly, we also hope that the various descriptors proposed in recognition of body expressions can be used in the field of animation synthesis. Indeed, in the field of animation, the creation of an action that conveys an emotion or a style requires a lot of work, know-how and time for an animator to propose stylized animations. For example, in a video game, to create such animations, it is often necessary to have a huge database of movements including each style for each virtual character. To have such a database, one of the following two methods is often used. The first consists in capturing all the movements made by different actors playing different styles. In the second, it is the graphic designer who must create the various animations by hand using animation software. Our objective in this context is to use the descriptors quantifying the expression detected in recognition of facial and body expressions in order to develop tools capable of changing / editing the style or expression of an animation. These tools will assist and facilitate the work of graphic designers by allowing them to quickly synthesize a stylized "primal animation". These stylized animations can be refined in post-processing by adding an artistic touch to the generated animation
AMICE, JEROME, and Thierry Bonté. "Contribution a l'etude de la classification et de l'evolution des concepts occlusaux servant de base aux simulateurs de mouvements mandibulaires." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN12048.
von, Salisch Marcus. "Planes und Annotationes Über einige aparte Mouvements beym Exercice ines Battaillons zu Fuße." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-66178.
Rodriguez, Blanco Maricel. "Du barrage au guichet. Naissance et transformation des mouvements de chômeurs en Argentine (1990 – 2015)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH117.
This thesis discusses the Piquetero movement in Argentina and its successive transformations during the 2000s into an extensive network of service provider organizations throughout the territory from a sociohistorical and ethnographic perspective. This movement was born out of the collective actions of the unemployed and precarious workers in the late 1990s against the effects of "neoliberal" reforms, and takes its name from one of their preferred modes of protest, the roadblock or picket. Since its beginnings, the Piquetero movement has been the subject of a double treatment by the State, between repression and recovery in the context of the establishment of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs. In this new configuration of targeted public action, it is now up to the State to delegate the distribution of social assistance to a network of organizations, given their territorial proximity to the underprivileged populations. However, this thesis shows that this fuzzy wicket role, which tends to introduce in one way or another the competition amid the organizations, has thus quickly contributed to fragment the piquetero space, and produces ambivalent effects on the practices and the trajectories of the participants. The thesis is based on mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative, from a large 40-month field survey conducted between 2000 and 2015 in two Argentinian provinces. On the one hand, through an ethnography and in-depth biographical interviews with leaders, delegates and grassroots activists (N=104), we observed the interactions between these different categories. A prosopography of the leaders (N=76) allowed us, on the other hand, from the statistical methods of factor analysis (ACM) and hierarchical classification (CAH), to report on the structuring of this space of organizations. In the first part, the thesis focuses – with the support of archives and interviews – on the conditions of the gradual crystallization of a social movement into a space of organizations. We sought here to understand the context, the stakes and the means of action of this protest movement, relating its inscription to the evolution since the beginning of the XXth century of the relations between State, political parties and unions. The second part of our thesis is devoted to the analysis of activist practices and forms of supervision within organizations. The opening of the black box of the organizations thus reveals to what extent their internal functioning results from the capacity of a set of intermediaries to carry out a work of representation, mobilization and management of resources among working classes particularly willing to engage in the long term. The statistical examination of the trajectories of leaders also informed us about the resources that were necessary to occupy such a position and also about the effects of their engagement to their individual trajectories. Finally, a third part serves to apprehend associative practices within organizations. Restoring the recruiting logics and the profiles of the recruits has shown in the long term both the conditions of the commitment of these unemployed and precarious workers and the effects on their trajectories. The observation of practices, especially during assemblies, shows the principles of supervision stretched between activism and entrepreneurship which weighed on the participants. If this fraction of precarious people testifies within the working classes of forms of mobilization and resistance particularly exemplary, they also tend to deploy modes of accommodation to organizations, differentiated according to their socialization, and the volume and nature of their resources
Arango, Duque Carlos. "Analysis of Micro-Expressions based on the Riesz Pyramid : Application to Spotting and Recognition." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES062/document.
Micro-expressions are brief and subtle facial expressions that go on and off the face in a fraction of a second. This kind of facial expressions usually occurs in high stake situations and is considered to reflect a humans real intent. They have been studied to better understand non-verbal communications and in medical applications where is almost impossible to engage in a conversation or try to read the facial emotions or body language of a patient. There has been some interest works in micro-expression analysis, however, a great majority of these methods are based on classically established computer vision methods such as local binary patterns, histogram of gradients and optical flow. Considering the fact that this area of research is relatively new, much contributions remains to be made. ln this thesis, we present a novel methodology for subtle motion and micro-expression analysis. We propose to use the Riesz pyramid, a multi-scale steerable Hilbert transformer which has been used for 2-D phase representation and video amplification, as the basis for our methodology. For the general subtle motion analysis step, we transform an image sequence with the Riesz pyramid, extract and lifter the image phase variations as proxies for motion. Furthermore, we isolate regions of intcrcst where subtle motion might take place and mask noisy areas by thresholding the local amplitude. The total sequence is transformed into a ID signal which is used fo temporal analysis and subtle motion spotting. We create our own database of subtle motion sequences to test our method. For the micro-expression spotting step, we adapt the previous method to process some facial regions of interest. We also develop a heuristic method to detect facial micro-events that separates real micro-expressions from eye blinkings and subtle eye movements. For the micro-expression classification step, we exploit the dominant orientation constancy fom the Riesz transform to average the micro-expression sequence into an image pair. Based on that, we introduce the Mean Oriented Riesz Feature descriptor. The accuracy of our methods are tested in Iwo spontaneous micro-expressions databases. Furthermore, wc analyse the parameter variations and their effect in our results
Jouary, Adrien. "Comportement moteur induit visuellement et spontané chez la larve du poisson zèbre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066605/document.
Behavior is often conceived as resulting from a stimulus-response association. Under this paradigm, understanding the nervous system is reduced to finding the relation between a sensory input and a motor output. Yet, in naturally behaving animals, motor actions influence sensory perceptions just as much as the other way around. Animals are continuously relying on sensory feedback to adjust motor commands. On the other hand, behavior is not only induced by the sensory environment, but can be generated by the brain's rich internal dynamics. My goal is to understand the sensory-motor dialogue by monitoring large brain regions, yet, with a single-neuron resolution. To tackle this question, I have used zebrafish larva to study visually induced and internally driven motor behaviors. Zebrafish larvae have a small and transparent body. These features enable using large-scale optical methods, such as selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), to record brain dynamics. In order to study goal-driven navigation in conditions compatible with imaging, I developed a visual virtual reality system for zebrafish larva. The visual feedback can be chosen to be similar to what the animal experiences in natural conditions. Alternatively, alteration of the visual feedback can be used to study how the brain adapts to perturbations. For this purpose, I first generated a library of free-swimming behaviors from which I learned the relationship between the trajectory of the larva and the shape of its tail. I then use this technique to infer the intended displacements of head-fixed larvae. The visual environment was updated accordingly. In the virtual environment, larvae were capable of maintaining the proper speed and orientation in the presence of whole-field motion and produced fine changes in orientation and position required to capture virtual preys. I demonstrate the sensitivity of larvae to visual feedback by updating the visual world only after the discrete swimming episodes. This feedback perturbation induced a decay in the performance of prey capture behavior, suggesting that larva rely on real-time visual feedback during swimming. Behavior can also be induced by the internal dynamics of the brain. In the absence of salient sensory cues, zebrafish larva spontaneously produces stereotypical tail movements, similar to those produced during goal-driven navigation. After having developed a new method to classify tail movements, I analyzed the sequence of spontaneously generated tail movements. The latter switched between period of quasi-rhythmic activity and long episodes of rest. Moreover, consecutive movements were more similar when executed at short time intervals (~10s). In order to study the mechanisms responsible for the spontaneous decisions to move, I coupled SPIM to tail movement analysis. Using dimensionality reduction, I identified clusters of neurons predicting the direction of spontaneous turn movements but not their timings. This Preliminary result suggests that distinct pathways could be responsible for the timing (when) and the selection (what) of spontaneous actions. Together, the results shed light on the role of feedback and internal dynamics in shaping behaviors and open the avenue for investigating complex sensorimotor process in simple systems
Bas, Jérôme. "Contester la fatalité du handicap : mobilisations de personnes handicapées et institution d’une catégorie d’action publique (XXe siècle – France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080098.
This doctoral thesis studies the unification of the category “disability” in France during the twentieth century. By unification, I mean the aggregation of various social groups under the term “disabled” accompanied by the development of institutions and practices increasingly specialized in the support of the disabled. This process also came about through the growth in the representation and knowledge on disabled persons as well as their increasing pres-ence in the public sphere. Based on archives, newspapers and other published material, audiovisual documents and personal interviews with key historical figures, this doctoral thesis analyses the numerous participants engaged in the representation of disabled peo-ple, establishes their position in this social field and identifies the issues at stake within it : establishing a definition of the category “disabled persons” and recommending what needs to be done, or not done, for the well-being of this segment of the population. The thesis brings into light the structural role of the activism lead by disabled students, who through-out the different stages of this field’s history have been suitably placed to subvert the domi-nant social order. The thesis also highlights the central role of epidemics such as tuberculo-sis and poliomyelitis in the empowerment of these people and examines the ways in which the social sciences contributed to distinguishing disabilities from illnesses. This thesis takes into account the transformation of the medical field and political arena when analyzing the constitution of the “disabled” category. Thus, this work develops a historical and political sociology of a social group which, while increasingly considered by the social sciences, has rarely been studied through a relational and process-oriented approach. In other words, analyzed as a field structured through by a power dynamics
Regnier, Julie. "Variabilité de la réponse sismique : de la classification des sites au comportement non-linéaire des sols." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906072.
Martinez, Francis. "Tout est dans le regard : reconnaissance visuelle du comportement humain en vue subjective." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001816.
Abdoun, Oussama. "Analyse spatiotemporelle de données MEA pour l'étude de la dynamique de l'activité de la moelle épinière et du tronc cérébral immatures chez la souris." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR15266/document.
Immature neural networks generate a peculiar type of activity that persists even in the absence of electrical inputs and was termed for this reason “endogenous”or “spontaneous”. This activity is ubiquitous and was found involved in a wide range of developmental events. In vitro, it can be observed as calcium or electrical waves propagating over great distances, often invading the whole preparation,but its dynamics remain poorly described. In order to somewhat fill this gap,we used multielectrode arrays (MEAs) to characterise the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the mouse developing spinal cord, in both acute and cultured isolated hindbrain-spinal cord preparations.To extract relevant information from the massive amounts of data yielded by MEA recordings, adapted analysis tools are needed. Thus, we have developedmethods for the detection, classification and mapping of spatiotemporal patternsof activity in multichannel data. Our mapping approach is based on the thin plates pline interpolation and includes the possibility to combine maps of activity with anatomical or stained data for multimodal imaging.These methods allowed us to analyse in great detail the evolution of spontaneousactivity at early stages (E12.5–E15.5). In addition, we have localised theinitiation site of E14.5 activity in the medulla and shown that it matches a densemidline population of serotoninergic neurons, suggesting a new role for 5-HTpathways in the maturation of spinal networks. Finally, we have recorded andtracked spontaneous limb movements of E14.5 embryos and found that features of motility were consistent with patterns of spinal activity
Salomon, Antoine. "Modélisations statistiques pour l'analyse de la diffusion des molécules et du trafic intracellulaire en microscopie de fluorescence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENS125.
Fluorescence microscopy is a tool of primary interest in biomedical research as it allows to selectively visualize particle dynamics within the cell. Hence, there is a high demand for algorithmic tools capable of automatically analyzing raw microscopic data. After a presentation of the theory and techniques surrounding particle dynamics, fluorescence microscopy, tracking methods and motion classification, we present in this thesis a new mapping method based on spatiotemporal kernel estimators that robustly estimate intracellular diffusion and drift from tracking data. We evaluate it in an extensive set of experiments using simulated, real, 2D and 3D data and show that our method provides precise and accurate diffusion and drift maps while outperforming existing methods. As such, it allows biologists to study intracellular dynamics of specifically tagged particles with a wider range of acquisitions and fluorescence microscopy techniques. In addition, we present a confinement domain detection method, using particle tracks and motion classification as well
Etievent, Emmanuel. "Assistance à l'indexation vidéo par analyse du mouvement." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0015/these.pdf.
Bensekka, Chakib. "Approche topologique de la métrologie du mouvement pour des applications en réalité virtuelle." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0040/document.
In the medical field, a better knowledge of the motor function isimportant for us to determine therapies adapted to each motor lesion andtools of studies and screening for neurodegenerative diseases. In thedomain of virtual reality, motion recognition is an issue in theinteraction of the avatar or the user in immersion with theirenvironment.Several studies have been conducted with the aim of proposingapproaches to the classification of human movement. The main idea ofthese methods is to extract invariants from the recorded data in orderto order them into clusters. However, the study of human motion withmotion capture systems generates a big quantity of data with nonlinearrelations between them. The presented methods in the scientificliterature use these data either directly as input to classificationalgorithms or by applying a dimensional reduction method such asprincipal component analysis prior to classification. These methodsremain extremely sensitive to white noise during recording as well asmorphological differences between subjects.In our work, we will present a methodology of classification andrecognition of human movement which is based on the topologicalanalysis of kinematic data. Topological analysis will be performed viahomological persistence which is a large data analysis method thatallows them to be topologically signed. This method of topologicalanalysis will be combined with learning algorithms to increase theaccuracy of motion recognition by reducing the impact of morphologicaldifferences between subjects, as well as the impact of white noiseissued during the step of movement acquisition. Also, we will combinethe topological analysis method with a temporal neural networkalgorithm in order to build an approach that allows to predict thecontinuation of a movement from a part of a recording interval.The results showed the ability of the proposed approach to achievehigh accuracy at classification, as well as its robustness againstwhite noise and morphological differences between subjects. Theresults also showed the high cost in computing time of our approachwhich we tried to reduce by modifying its steps and by rewriting thecode so that it can be executed in parallel
Varga, Lidia. "CLASSIFICATION SEMANTIQUE DES PREDICATS DE MOUVEMENT DU HONGROIS DANS L'OPTIQUE DU TRAITEMENT AUTOMATIQUEEtude contrastive hongrois-français." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390073.
La composante contrastive de notre étude nous a permis, d'une part, à l'aide de la traduction, de proposer une meilleure description des classes de prédicats du hongrois et, d'autre part, de relever les différences morpho-syntaxiques et combinatoires spécifiques des deux langues dans l'expression du mouvement, comme le rôle des préfixes verbaux, des compléments locatifs ainsi que l'importance des prédicats nominaux.
Varga, Lidia. "Classification sémantique des prédicats de mouvement du hongrois dans l'optique du traitement automatique : étude contrastive hongrois-français." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131026.
The aim of this study is propose a typology of predicates of motion in Hungarian. The typology reflects a simple objective perception of motion and space. The analysis uses the theory of object classes, which we applied to Hungarian. The predicates of motion correspond to verb predicates, noun predicates and to predicate adjectives. Our classification is based on semantic properties such as directionality, mood destination, goal, place and the aspectual properties. These semantic properties are completed by morpho-syntactic properties needed for natural language processing. The contrastive component of our study has made it possible to propose a better description of the classes of predicates in Hungarian and to bring out the morpho-syntactic and combinatory differences specific to both languages in the expression of motion, such as the role of verb prefixes, locative complements, and underline the importance of noun predicate
Akoli, Emegboh Emmanuel. "Mouvement des produits alimentaires avec commerce des animaux par l'analyse factorielle des correspondances et la classification automatique : cas de la France." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066172.
Akoli-Amegboh, Emmanuel. "Mouvement des produits alimentaires avec commerce des animaux par l'analyse factorielle des correspondances et la classification automatique cas de la France." Grenoble 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595495w.
Kaâniche, Mohamed-Bécha. "Reconnaissance de gestes à partir de séquences vidéos." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00428690.
Veneau, Emmanuel. "Macro-segmentation multi-critère et classification de séquences par le contenu dynamique pour l'indexation vidéo." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10013.
Sénéchal, Juliette. "Le contrat d'entreprise au sein de la classification des contrats spéciaux : recherche sur un double enjeu du mouvement de recodification du droit des contrats /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41392260w.
Benabbas, Yassine. "Analyse du comportement humain à partir de la vidéo en étudiant l'orientation du mouvement." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839699.
Guironnet, Mickaël. "Méthodes de résumé de vidéo à partir d'informations bas niveau, du mouvement de caméra ou de l'attention visuelle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10155.
The growing volume of video leads to the need of new tools for indexing. One of the possible tools is video summary which provides a fast overview to the user. The objective of this thesis is to extract from visual information, a summary containing the “message” of video. We chose to study three new methods of video summary using different types of visual features. The first method of summary rests on low level features (color, orientation and motion). The combination of these features which is based on a fuzzy inference system allows a hierarchical summary to be built. We show the interest of such a summary in an application of query by example. The second method of summary is built from camera motion. This higher level feature is thought by the filmmaker and so induces information on the content. A method of camera motion classification based on Transferable Belief Model is achieved. The method of summary is elaborated according to rules about the magnitude and the chain of the identified motions. The third method of summary is developed from visual attention. To know the places where the glance is directed during the video playback is higher level information and relevant to create the summary. A spatio-temporal attention model is proposed, and then used to detect the change of content in time in order to build the summary
Nastar, Chahab. "Modèles physiques déformables et modes vibratoires pour l'analyse du mouvement non-rigide dans les images multidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569475.
Hidot, Sullivan. "Un point de vue sur des approches factorielles et probabilistes de la covariance : application à l'analyse locale du mouvement." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203241.
Nous montrons que l'ACP relationnelle est un cas particulier de l'ACP à noyaux et de l'ACP fonctionnelle, dont nous dressons les schémas de dualité correspondants. L'étude du terme résiduel est menée à l'aide d'approches probabilistes fondées sur la covariance. Dans un premier temps, ce terme est assimilé à un vecteur gaussien et nous introduisons une procédure de classification de matrices de covariance par la distribution de Wishart induite par l'hypothèse de gaussianité. En particulier, l'algorithme EM sur matrices de covariance est proposé. Dans un second temps, on procède à l'analyse fractale du terme résiduel, identifié par une trajectoire d'un processus autosimilaire. L'indice d'autosimilarité est estimé quelque soit l'échantillonnage et nous déterminons dans quelle
mesure cette contrainte temporelle influe sur l'estimation. Nous appliquons les concepts présentés à l'analyse du mouvement : corpus
de mouvements de danse contemporaine (méthodes factorielles et classification par Wishart), et données de biologie marine (segmentation par analyse fractale).
Gómez-Mendoza, Juan Bernardo. "A contribution to mouth structure segmentation in images towards automatic mouth gesture recognition." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770660.
Mousse, Ange Mikaël. "Reconnaissance d'activités humaines à partir de séquences multi-caméras : application à la détection de chute de personne." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0453/document.
Artificial vision is an involving field of research. The new strategies make it possible to have some autonomous networks of cameras. This leads to the development of many automatic surveillance applications using the cameras. The work developed in this thesis concerns the setting up of an intelligent video surveillance system for real-time people fall detection. The first part of our work consists of a robust estimation of the surface area of a person from two (02) cameras with complementary views. This estimation is based on the detection of each camera. In order to have a robust detection, we propose two approaches. The first approach consists in combining a motion detection algorithm based on the background modeling with an edge detection algorithm. A fusion approach has been proposed to make much more efficient the results of the detection. The second approach is based on the homogeneous regions of the image. A first segmentation is performed to find homogeneous regions of the image. And finally we model the background using obtained regions
Luvison, Bertrand. "Détection non supervisée d'évènements rares dans un flot vidéo : application à la surveillance d'espaces publics." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626490.
Jdey, Aloui Imen. "Contribution des techniques de fusion et de classification des images au processus d'aide à la reconnaissance des cibles radar non coopératives." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0008.
The automatic recognition of non-cooperative targets is very important in various fields. This is the case for applications in aviation and maritime uncertain environment. Therefore, it’s necessary to introduce innovative methods for radar targets treatment and identification.The proposed methodology is based on the Knowledge Discovery from Data process (KDD) for a complete chain development of radar images recognition by trying to optimize every step of the processing chain.The experimental system used is based on an ISAR image acquisition system in the anechoic chamber of ENSTA Bretagne. This system has allowed controlling the quality of the entries in the recognition process (KDD). We studied the stages of the composite system from acquisition to interpretation and evaluation of results. We focused on the center stage; data mining considered as the heart of the system. This step is composed of two main phases: classification and the results of classifiers combination called decisional fusion. We have shown that this last phase improves results for decision making by taking into account the imperfections related to radar data, including uncertainty and imprecision.The results across different classification techniques as a first step (kNN, SVM and MCP) and decision fusion in a second time (Bayes, majority vote, belief theory, fuzzy fusion) are subject of an analytical and comparative study in terms of performance
Cifuentes, Quintero Jenny Alexandra. "Development of a new technique for objective assessment of gestures in mini-invasive surgery." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0056/document.
One of the most difficult tasks in surgical education is to teach students what is the optimal magnitude of forces and torques to guide the instrument during operation. This problem becomes even more relevant in the field of Mini Invasive Surgery (MIS), where the depth perception is lost and visual field is reduced. In this way, the evaluation of surgical skills involved in this field becomes in a critical point in the learning process. Nowadays, this assessment is performed by expert surgeons observation in different operating rooms, making evident subjectivity issues in the results depending on the trainer in charge of the task. Research works around the world have focused on the development of the automated evaluation techniques, that provide an objective feedback during the learning process. Therefore, first part of this thesis describe a new method of classification of 3D medical gestures based on biomechanical models (kinematics). This new approach analyses medical gestures based on the smoothness and quality of movements related to the tasks performed during the medical training. Thus, gesture classification is accomplished using an arc length parametrization to compute the curvature for each trajectory. The advantages of this approach are mainly oriented towards time and location independence and problem simplification. The study included several gestures that were performed repeatedly by different subjects; these data sets were acquired, also, with three different devices. Second part of this work is focused in a classification technique based on kinematic and dynamic data. In first place, an empirical expression between movement geometry and kinematic data is used to compute a different variable called the affine velocity. Experiments carried out in this work show the constant nature of this feature in basic medical gestures. In the same way, results proved an adequate classification based on this computation. Parameters found in previous experiments were taken into account to study movements more complex. Likewise, affine velocity was used to perform a segmentation of pick and release tasks, and the classification stage was completed using an energy computation, based on dynamic data, for each segment. Final experiments were performed using six video cameras and an instrumented laparoscope. The 3-D position of the end effector was recorded, for each participant, using the OptiTrack Motive Software and reflective markers mounted on the laparoscope. Force and torque measurements, on the other hand, were acquired using force and torque sensors attached to the instrument and located between the tool tip and the handle of the tool in order to capture the interaction between participant and the manipulated material. Results associated to these experiments present a correlation between the energy values and the surgical skills of the participants involved in these experiments
Mantilla, Jauregui Juan José. "Caractérisation de pathologies cardiaques en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique par approches parcimonieuses." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S073/document.
This work concerns the use of sparse representation and Dictionary Learning (DL) in order to get insights about the diseased heart in the context of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Specifically, this work focuses on 1) assessment of Left Ventricle (LV) wall motion in patients with heart failure and 2) fibrosis detection in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In the context of heart failure (HF) patients, the work focuses on LV wall motion analysis in cardiac cine-MRI. The first contribution in this topic is a feature extraction method that exploits the partial information obtained from all temporal cardiac phases and anatomical segments in a spatio-temporal representation from sequences cine-MRI in short-axis view. These features correspond to spatio-temporal profiles in different anatomical segments of the LV. The proposed representations exploit information of the LV wall motion without segmentation needs. Three representations are proposed : 1) diametrical spatio-temporal profiles where radial motions of LV’s walls are observed at the same time in opposite anatomical segments 2) radial spatiotemporal profiles where motion of LV’s walls is observed for each segment of the LV cavity and 3) quantitative parameters extracted from the radial spatio-temporal profiles. A second contribution involves the use of these features as input atoms in the training of discriminative dictionaries to classify normal or abnormal regional LV motion. We propose two levels of evaluation, a first one where the global status of the subject (normal/pathologic) is used as ground truth to label the proposed spatio-temporal representations, and a second one where local strain information obtained from 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE), is taken as ground truth to label the proposed features, where a profile is classified as normal or abnormal (akinetic or hypokinetic cases). In the context of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we address the problem of fibrosis detection in Late Gadolinium Enhanced LGE-Short axis (SAX) images by using a sparse-based clustering approach and DL. In this framework, random image patches are taken as input atoms in order to train a classifier based on the sparse coefficients obtained with a DL approach based on kernels. For a new test LG-SAX image, the label of each pixel is predicted by using the trained classifier allowing the detection of fibrosis. A subsequent postprocessing step allows the spatial localization of fibrosis that is represented according to the American Heart Association (AHA) 17-segment model and a quantification of fibrosis in the LV myocardium
Eldrogi, Nawal. "Vision par ordinateur poursuivi automatique et caracterisation decomportement de civelles." Thesis, Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3063.
Monitoring living organisms makes it possible to understand the dangers that threaten hem and that might have disastrous effects on biodiversity. As part of the MIRA research federation (Milieux and Aquatic Resources) at the University of Pau et Pays de l'Adour, the biology and computer laboratories work together to study migratory fishes in the Adour basin.One of the research actions concerns the acquisition of knowledge about the migratory behavior of an endangered species : the glass eel. One hypothesis to be verified is that the migratory behavior of glass eels is linked to their energy reserves and to the rate at which they use these reserves, because they do not feed during their estuarine migration. For this study, glass eels are marked with a colored elastomer, and then introduced into an experimental medium simulating the tides, and filmed for several weeks in order to follow their movements. The objective of this work is to exploit computer vision techniques allowing automatic tracking of glass eels in an aquarium in order to extract information meeting the needs of biologists, such as counting the number of passages according to the direction of the tide, and measuring the swimming speed and direction. The current techniques for analyzing video data are either entirely manual, or based on elementary image processing that does not explicitly exploit the temporal dimension of the video sequences collected and gives only summary information. The problem of the thesis therefore concerns the contribution of a temporal processing of videos for motion detection, motion estimation and monitoring of glass eels robust to occlusions. Moreover, an unsupervised technique (without heavy training on a large dataset) is desirable, and also obtaining more detailed additional information not accessible to observation by the human operator is envisioned (such as the swimming undulation behavior). In this thesis, the steps of an algorithm allowing to detect and follow glass eels in video sequences are developed. Elver detection uses a background subtraction technique followed by a connected-component analysis of the resulting image in order to extract the geometric information from the bounding boxes of the markings. For color classification, the choice of a hue-luminance-saturation system, combined with an unsupervised classification by the K-means algorithm on the hue component, allows learning of the color range of the classes. These ranges are used to identify the color of each marking detected. The tracking algorithm uses a Kalman filter and a color data association method. Thereafter, a tagging coupling technique allows the individual identification of each glass eel. This makes it possible to obtain their trajectory in the aquarium, as well as dynamic information (average speed, motion direction, number of passages). In parallel, the potential interest of motion estimation by optical flow techniques to extract more precise information is investigated. The velocity-vector field obtained by differential methods (algorithms of Horn & Schunck and of Lucas & Kanade) makes it possible to obtain information currently not available to biologists, such as the swimming undulation of the elvers resulting in the divergence and convergence of the velocity-vector field. Finally, we present the complete information system with the human-machine interface for automatic monitoring of glass eels developed to meet the needs of biologists. This makes it possible to identify glass eels, to determine their direction of passage (with or against the water current) and to count them, thus reducing the tedious observation work time of a human operator
Zhao, Yue. "Biopsy needles localization and tracking methods in 3d medical ultrasound with ROI-RANSAC-KALMAN." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0015/document.
In medical examinations and surgeries, minimally invasive technologies are getting used more and more often. Some specially designed surgical instruments, like biopsy needles, or electrodes are operated by radiologists or robotic systems and inserted in human’s body for extracting cell samples or delivering radiation therapy. To reduce the risk of tissue injury and facilitate the visual tracking, some medical vision assistance systems, as for example, ultrasound (US) systems can be used during the surgical procedure. We have proposed to use the 3D US to facilitate the visualization of the biopsy needle, however, due to the strong speckle noise of US images and the large calculation load involved as soon as 3D data are involved, it is a challenge to locate the biopsy needle accurately and to track its position in real time in 3D US. In order to solve the two main problems above, we propose a method based on the RANSAC algorithm and Kalman filter. In this method, a region of interest (ROI) has been limited to robustly localize and track the position of the biopsy needle in real time. The ROI-RK method consists of two steps: the initialization step and the tracking step. In the first step, a ROI initialization strategy using Hessian based line filter measurement is implemented. This step can efficiently reduce the speckle noise of the ultrasound volume, and enhance line-like structures as biopsy needles. In the second step, after the ROI is initialized, a tracking loop begins. The RK algorithm can robustly localize and track the biopsy needles in a dynamic situation. The RANSAC algorithm is used to estimate the position of the micro-tools and the Kalman filter helps to update the ROI and auto-correct the needle localization result. Because the ROI-RK method is involved in a dynamic situation, a motion estimation strategy is also implemented to estimate the insertion speed of the biopsy needle. 3D US volumes with inhomogeneous background have been simulated to evaluate the performance of the ROI-RK method. The method has been tested under different conditions, such as insertion orientations angles, and contrast ratio (CR). The localization accuracy is within 1 mm no matter what the insertion direction is. Only when the CR is very low, the proposed method could fail to track because of an incomplete ultrasound imaging of the needle. Another methodology, i.e. RANSAC with machine learning (ML) algorithm has been presented. This method aims at classifying the voxels not only depending on their intensities, but also using some structure features of the biopsy needle. The simulation results show that the RANSAC with ML algorithm can separate the needle voxels and background tissue voxels with low CR
Burger, Thomas. "Reconnaissance automatique des gestes de la langue française parlée complétée." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203360.
Magnant, Clément. "Approches bayésiennes pour le pistage radar de cibles de surface potentiellement manoeuvrantes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0136/document.
As part of the ground or maritime surveillance by using airborne radars, one of the mainobjectives is to detect and track a wide variety of targets over time. These treatments are generallybased on Bayesian filtering to estimate recursively the kinematic parameters (position,velocity and acceleration) of the targets. It is based on the state-space representation and moreparticularly on the prior modeling of the target evolutions (uniform motion, uniformly acceleratedmotion, movement rotational, etc.). If maneuvering targets are tracked, several motionmodels, each with a predefined dynamic, are typically combined in a multiple-model structure.Although these approaches are relevant, improvements can be made at several levels, includinghow to select and define a priori the models to be used.In this framework, several issues must be addressed.1 / When using a multiple-model structure, it is generally considered two to three models. Thischoice is made in the algorithm design stage according to the system knowledge and the userexpertise. However, it does not exist in our knowledge tools or/and rules to define the types ofmotions and their associated parameters.2 / It is preferable that the choice of the motion model(s) is consistent with the type of targetto be tracked.3 / When a type of motion model is used, its parameters are fixed a priori but these values ??arenot necessarily appropriate in all phases of the movement. One of the major challenges is theway to define the covariance matrix of the model noise and to model its evolution.The work presented in this thesis consists of algorithmic solutions to the previous problemsin order to improve the estimation of target trajectories.First, we establish a dissimilarity measure based on Jeffrey divergence between probability densitiesassociated with two different state models. It is applied to the comparison of motion models.It is then used to compare a set of several state models. This study is then harnessed to providea method for selecting a priori models constituting multiple-model algorithms.Then we present non-parametric Bayesian models (BNP) using the Dirichlet process to estimatemodel noise statistics. This model has the advantage of representing multimodal noises withoutspecifying a priori the number of modes and their features. Two cases are treated. In the firstone, the model noise precision matrix is estimated for a single motion model without issue ofany a priori on its structure. In the second one, we take advantage of the structural forms ofprecision matrices associated to motion models to estimate only a small number of hyperparameters.For both approaches, the joint estimation of the kinematic parameters of the target andthe precision matrix of the model noise is led by particle filtering. The contributions includecalculating the distribution optimal importance in each case.Finally, we take advantage of methods known as joint tracking and classification (JTC) forsimultaneously leading the classification of the target and the inference of its parameters. Inthis case, each target class is associated with a set of evolution models. In order to achievethe classification, we use the target position measurements and the target extent measurementscorresponding to the projection of the target length on the line of sight radar-target. Note that this approach is applied in a single target tracking context and a multiple-target environment
Saidi, Mohamed Nabil. "Reconnaissance de formes et d’objets en environnement incertain : application à la reconnaissance de cibles radar." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2047.
This thesis presents Radar Automatic Target Recognition (RATR) in uncertam environment using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) images. By including the human operator in the system, the recognition process 15 achieved from the acquisition step aux! the image reconstruction to the features extraction and the classification step. The methodology adopted in this thesis is inspired from the artificial intelligence approach. This methodology is known as Knowledge Discovery from Data (KDD) which we have adapted to radar target recognition system. After the radar signal acquisition from an ahechoic chamber of ENSIETA (Brest, France) and the ISAR images reconstruction by Fourier analysis, the most discriminant features, in particular the shapes of targets are extracted. The classification stage is performed by supervised methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). Then, we investigate the impact of information fusion on recognition performance using fusion methods like the theory of belief functions and the majority vote rule. Finally, we propose another approach that included the pose of the targets in the recognition system
Barbe-Zoppis, Catherine. "Guidage de gestes médico-chirurgicaux sur tissus mous : application à la ponction péricardique assistée par échographie 2,5D." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0163.
Squarcioni, Laure. "La dépendance au parti des députés : conquérir, exercer et conserver son mandat au PS et à l'UMP." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0455.
What kind of relationship binds an elected official to his party ? This study aims to analyse French Deputies' Party dependency by comparing the Socialist Party and the Union for a Popular Movement during the XIIIth and the XIVth legislature. The party dependency affects MPs behaviour with a varying intensity over time and space. The thesis of a party dependency cycle is tested empirically, by using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Different types of party dependency among MPs has been found : the utilitarian, the fatalistic, the believer and the grandee. These profiles are determined by party membership and political longevity. A sequential study of MPs’ careers underlines the multidimensionality of party dependency in relation to career-stage (whether it be conquering, exercising, or keeping one’s mandate) as well as MP’s individual characteristics
Burger, Brice. "Fusion de données audio-visuelles pour l'interaction Homme-Robot." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494382.
Burger, Brice. "Fusion de données audio-visuelles pour l'interaction homme-robot." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/916/.
In the framework of assistance robotics, this PHD aims at merging two channels of information (visual and aiditive potentially avaible on a robot. The goal is ton complete and/ or conf rm data that an only channel could have supplied in order to perform advanced intatraction which goal is to interpret jointly speech gesture, in particular for the use of spatial references. In this thesis, we first de cribe the speech part of this work which consists in an embedded recognition and interpretation system for continuous speech. Then comes the vision part which is composed of a visual multi-target tracker that tracks, in 3D the head and the two hands of a human in front of the robot, and a second tracker for the head orientation. The outputs of these trackers are used to feed the gesture recognitive system described later. We continue with the description of a module dedicated to the fusion of the data outputs of these information sources in a probailistic framework. Last, we demonstrate the interest and feasibility of such a multimodal interface through some demonstrations on the LAAS-CNRS robots. All the modules described in this thesis are working in quasi-real time on these real robotic platforms
Massé, François Yves-Emmanuel. "La classification des Autochtones au Canada : une étude des mouvements catégoriels entre le recensement et l’enquête auprès des peuples autochtones de 2006." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19141.
Khlif, Aymen. "Consensus ou fusion de segmentation pour quelques applications de détection ou de classification en imagerie." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21141.
Fournier, Félix. "Classification de systèmes intégrables en coordonnées cylindriques en présence de champs magnétiques." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22721.
Guironnet, Mickael. "METHODES DE RESUME DE VIDEO A PARTIR D'INFORMATIONS BAS NIVEAU, DU MOUVEMENT DE CAMERA OU DE L'ATTENTION VISUELLE." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122787.
La première méthode de résumé repose sur des caractéristiques de bas niveau (couleur, orientation et mouvement). La combinaison de ces index qui s'appuie sur un système d'inférence floue a permis de construire un résumé hiérarchique. Nous avons montré l'intérêt d'un tel résumé dans une application de la recherche par l'exemple.
La deuxième méthode de résumé est construite à partir du mouvement de caméra. Cette caractéristique de plus haut niveau sémantique est réfléchie par le réalisateur et induit une information sur le contenu. Une méthode de classification des mouvements basée sur le Modèle des Croyances Transférables est élaborée. La méthode de résumé est alors établie selon des règles sur l'amplitude et l'enchaînement des mouvements de caméra identifiés.
La troisième méthode de résumé est développée à partir de l'attention visuelle. Connaître les endroits où le regard se porte lors du visionnage de la vidéo est une information de plus haut niveau sémantique et pertinente pour créer le résumé. Un modèle spatio-temporel d'attention visuelle est proposé, puis utilisé pour détecter le changement de contenu au cours du temps afin de construire le résumé.
Ndayikengurukiye, Didier. "Estimation de cartes d'énergie de hautes fréquences ou d'irrégularité de périodicité de la marche humaine par caméra de profondeur pour la détection de pathologies." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16178.
This work presents two new and simple human gait analysis systems based on a depth camera (Microsoft Kinect) placed in front of a subject walking on a conventional treadmill, capable of detecting a healthy gait from an impaired one. The first system presented relies on the fact that a normal walk typically exhibits a smooth motion (depth) signal, at each pixel with less high-frequency spectral energy content than an abnormal walk. This permits to estimate a map for that subject, showing the location and the amplitude of the high-frequency spectral energy (HFSE). The second system analyses the patient's body parts that have an irregular movement pattern, in terms of periodicity, during walking. Herein we assume that the gait of a healthy subject exhibits anywhere in the human body, during the walking cycles, a depth signal with a periodic pattern without noise. From each subject’s video sequence, we estimate a saliency color map showing the areas of strong gait irregularities also called aperiodic noise energy. Either the HFSE or aperiodic noise energy shown in the map can be used as a good indicator of possible pathology in an early, fast and reliable diagnostic tool or to provide information about the presence and extent of disease or (orthopedic, muscular or neurological) patient's problems. Even if the maps obtained are informative and highly discriminant for a direct visual classification, even for a non-specialist, the proposed systems allow us to automatically detect maps representing healthy individuals and those representing individuals with locomotor problems.
Abdul-Reda, Hassan. "Intégrabilité et superintégrabilité de deuxième ordre dans l'espace Euclidien tridimensionel." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23971.
The article "A systematic search for nonrelativistic systems with dynamical symetries, Part I" published about 50 years ago started the classification of what is now called superintegrable systems. It was devoted to systems in Euclidean space with more integrals of motion than degrees of freedom. The integrals were all assumed to be second order polynomials in the particle momentum. Here we present some further results on second order superintegrability that are relevant for studies of higher order superintegrability and for superintegrability for systems with vector potentials or for particles with spin.