Journal articles on the topic 'Classics of world science'
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Markova, Lyudmila A. "Max Weber on Science, in the Context of Our Days Thinking." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, no. 8 (December 1, 2020): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-8-56-71.
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Max Weber analyzes the science of the Modern Period. The revolution in physics at the beginning of the 20th century, the creation of quantum mechanics bring to the fore another type of scientific thinking. It is important to note that past knowledge in this case is not refuted, not destroyed, it becomes marginal and enters into communication with its competitor. It is this type of communication with Weber’s philosophy of scientific thinking that helps us to understand its specificity. According to Weber, new knowledge is derived from the previous one, refuting its truth. On this basis, Weber writes that science is different from the art, where the created works retain their significance regardless of the time when they were created. For modern science the predecessor is necessary as another, without which not any communication is possible. Classical science, about which Weber writes, is necessary and continues to function. Satisfying the reemerging needs of society, it can detect previously hidden possibilities and, at the same time, encourage new scientific thinking to strengthen its position.The concept of revolution disappears gradually from the works on science. Instead, sociological concepts such as an innovation center or a technopark that combine simultaneously changes in the logic of knowledge and in the technical equipment of society are becoming popular. Logical and social characteristics of science are combined, the boundary between them becomes less noticeable. If in the era of classics the artificial world surrounding man was built on the basis of the laws of nature, now it is being created on the basis of the laws of thinking. For Weber, this world was silent and dead, this is what classical science testified to. Now the world around us is endowed with artificial intelligence, and we must be able to communicate with it. To understand Weber, it is necessary to establish contact with the world of classics, and not to try to destroy it and to declare it worthless.
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Лазарев, Валерий, and Valyeriy Lazaryev. "Interpretation of Law: Classics, Modern and Postmodern." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 8 (August 8, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20900.
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The article expresses the views on the controversial attitudes relating to the interpretation of law at different stages of development of science in general and legal science in particular. Tracing the respective changes, the author comes to the conclusion that classics was based on the rule of law; art Nouveau was aimed to destroy the rule of law; postmodern — on departure from reality. In the postmodern world-both legislator, and his will — are all the essence of fiction. Classical science was concerned to establish the objective truth; modernism believes all truth is relative; the postmodern — denies the establishment of the truth. The author suggests the answer to the question as to where the perspectives of the science lie should be sought in the realm of conjunction of natural and humanitarian sciences. And in the context of such cognitive-information theory the author draws the attention to importance of modern scientific trend-memetics and the use thereof in the field of jurisprudence. As a subtype of memetics the author suggests to introduce the notion of lawmemetics to be employed to study the two types of the mems: the entity of legal reality and the entity of psychological reality. The substantial aspect memetics is called to be the resumption and poliform-like repetition of what was originally coded as the mem information and was designed to secure its values as applied to the new circumstances of place and time.
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Greenwood, Emily. "Reception Studies: The Cultural Mobility of Classics." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00374.
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In spite of connotations of classics and the classical as an established tradition based around a stable canon, Greek and Roman classical antiquity has never been a fixed object of study. It has changed as our knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome has grown and shifted, and as a function of history, intellectual movements, and taste. Classicists have turned to classical reception studies in an attempt to chart some of the different encounters that various historical audiences have had with Greek and Roman classics, and this wave of research poses interdisciplinary questions about the relation of Greek and Roman classics to world literatures and cultures. The emphasis on classical reception studies offers fresh ways of thinking about the cultural mobility of the classics without appealing to discredited, old-fashioned notions of “timeless importance” or “universal value.” This debate is explored here via a Malawian reception of Sophocles's Antigone.
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Joas, Hans, and Kenneth B. Woodgate. "The Classics of Sociology and the First World War." Thesis Eleven 27, no. 1 (August 1990): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/072551369002700108.
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Ooi, Kee Beng. "Revisiting Two Classics: Charting the Mental World of the Oppressed." Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 24, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/sj24-1d.
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Koshovets, Olga B., and Igor E. Frolov. "Brave New World." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 1 (2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps20205712.
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The article focuses on the crucial changes that science as an established social institution and an epistemological enterprise is undergoing, the key one is the loss of its monopoly on the production of socially useful knowledge and gradual transformation into something new, which, due to institutional and cultural reasons, we continue to call ‘science’. We suppose that the most appropriate conceptualization of the new phenomenon, which is replacing science as an institution, is “technoscience”, since the technical component in scientific practices has now taken a dominant position and technology production has become more important than fundamental knowledge. Technoscience has at least two sources: 1) capitalization of scientific activity that has led to classical science has been replaced with technoscience developing on first-priority funded applied research; 2) theorization and autonomy of the techno sphere, which have resulted in instrumentalization of all levels of knowledge production as well as in technological / symbolic construction of reality and tangled ontology of technoscientific objects. We discuss both of these sources, with particular attention being paid to such trends as epistemic strategies transformation, modified reality, social sciences and humanities conformation to technoscience norms, and knowledge bearers egalitarianization. A crucial transformation of both science itself and its position in society breaks inevitably a demarcation line that separates scientific knowledge from other types of knowledge while promotes the replacement of scientific theory with discourses. Apparently, in “technoscience” an ethos of its own is being formed, where interaction with the “external environment” (with other social spheres) is crucial. In this context, scientific activity is becoming more and more transepistemic, transinstitutional practice, and accordingly ceases to be guided by the classical scientific ethos determined by the goals and objectives of academic community itself.
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Bridges, Emma, and Henry Stead. "Reception." Greece and Rome 66, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383519000147.
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As the editors ofOnce and Future Antiquitiespoint out in their preface, ‘science fiction, fantasy, and the classics have in common the effect of inviting us to reconsider (by speculating, by imagining, by contextualizing) our own world anew’ (xi). The fourteen wide-ranging chapters in this volume eloquently illustrate this point. Contributors explore the multiple ways in which the genres of science fiction and fantasy (SF&F) engage with, respond to, and cast new light on cultural artefacts, story patterns, and characters from the ancient Greek and Roman worlds, reflecting too on how these receptions respond to contemporary preoccupations. Appropriately for a volume on classical receptions, the contributions are all linked by the unifying theme of ‘displacements’ – a concept which refers here both to the movement of ideas, texts, and themes across time and space, and to the disruption of perceived genre boundaries or preconceived ideas about the relationship between receiving and source texts or cultures.
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Alekseeva, T. A., and A. P. Mineyev. "Naturalism and political science: adaptation to the non-classical world picture." Journal of Law and Administration 16, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2020-1-54-14-27.
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Introduction. One of the greatest achievements of the humanity is obviously the recognition of the systematic unity of the natural and social knowledge. However, this recognition was not constant. The emergence, development and history of political sciences reflected it rather evidently, tending to go from one extreme to another – from identifying its methods with those of positive science to pretending to be unique or even universal. All these questions acquired special importance in the new non-classical world, but the adaptation of political sciences to a new type of thinking meets considerable difficulties.Methods of study. The main method of the study is comparative analysis of the variations to connect philosophical and substantive (ontological and epistemological) tools with political and applied ones of researching political and international political processes and phenomena. Moreover, the authors also used the interpretation approach.Results. The analysis of the most significant approaches towards the political and international processes demonstrate that the acceptance of the new postulates of non-classical and post-nonclassical pictures of the world is quite complicated. Simultaneously with the preservation of the pure mechanistic, approach some of the elements of the new world pictures were taken from quantum physics, biology. The chance factor and the rejection of the casual relationships were also taken into consideration. Nevertheless, it is better to speak not about the transfer of the methods and approaches from natural to political sciences, but about the attempts to build “weak” theories or analogues of theories (for instance, quantum-like theories). Nevertheless, generally speaking, political as well as other social sciences tend to be developing capturing the zeitgeist.Discussion and Conclusions. The adaptation of political sciences to new scientific pictures of the world is inevitable, but limited by definition: for all unity of knowledge as such, their methods and tools are very different and even undergo such significant changes and simplifications in the process of adaptation that they often retain only the names and imitations of the methodologies of other sciences. And yet, at least we have to go in parallel. But some caution here would not hurt at all.
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Zhang, Yanqing, Jianying Lou, and Zhiqi Cheng. "A Study on the Translation of Cultural Classics Based on Deep Learning Methods." Scientific Programming 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1026926.
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China’s cultural classics have high artistic and ideological values in the world, which implies China’s historical heritage and the inheritance of the cultural situation of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. At present, with the rapid development of China’s economy, especially in the development environment of cultural globalization, China’s traditional cultural classics have attracted worldwide attention along with historical and cultural treasures. In fact, other countries need to translate cultural classics out of their love for China’s cultural classics or academic research. However, there are a large number of cultural classics in China. According to relevant data, there are approximately 35,000 kinds of cultural classics, out of which only 0.2% are translated into foreign languages. In order to make China’s excellent cultural classics known to the world and let more people in other countries understand Chinese culture, this paper studies the translation of cultural classics through in-depth learning. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept of deep learning and proposes an algorithm that deeply studies the convolution layer and pool layer. Secondly, the algorithm establishes a deep learning model that calculates and counts the text information of ancient books through explicit intertextuality. Thirdly, the model carries out automatic text translation and lists the analysis process of cultural classics translation based on intertextuality, so as to study cultural classics translation. The obtained results can promote the development of cultural classics translation in China. For the translation of complex cultural classics, the effects of the three models are tested experimentally, of which the sequence model (seq) is the best. This model is fast and simple to extract the text of literary classics.
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Qu, Jingdong. "Back to historical views, reconstructing the sociological imagination: The new tradition of classical and historical studies in the modern Chinese transformation." Chinese Journal of Sociology 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 135–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x16686260.
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Historical perspectives are a means of reconstructing the sociological imagination, as classical sociologists did. There are many historical dimensions in Karl Marx’s social studies: dialectical analysis of the present as history; reconstructed narratives of historical events; and finally, evolution of family, ownership, state, and social formations. Likewise, in order to understand the reality of Chinese society, we need to examine the transformation of modern Chinese social thought and its contexts. By reinterpreting the Theory of the Three Epochs from the classic Spring and Autumn Annals, Kang Youwei proposed that the establishment of the Idea of Cosmic Unity as the universal value for world history and the building of the Confucian religion for the cultivation of mores had resulted in the successful transformation of Chinese society from the Era of War to the Era of Peace. In contrast, Zhang Taiyan upheld the tradition of ‘Six Classics are all Histories’ and furthered the academic change of focus from classics to history, which Wang Guowei and Chen Yinque carried out. Through the method of synthetical deduction in the social sciences, Wang Guowei interpreted classics historically in Institutional Change in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, confirming the original principle of the Zhou regime and etiquette on the basis of the patriarchal clan system and its emphasis on law, mores, and institutions. On the other hand, Chen Yinque thoroughly investigated the Middle Period of Chinese history from the perspectives of concourse and inter-attestation and outlined a historical landscape of interfusion between Hu and Han nationalities, the mixing of various religions, the migrations of diverse groups, and the integration of different cultures and mores. In short, there are two waves of intellectual change in the Chinese modern transformation, which together have established the new discipline of Classical and Historical Studies as well as the subsequent institutional and spiritual sources of social and political construction.
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Alekseeva, Tatiana A. "Naturalism and political science adaptation to the non-classical world picture." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 6, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2020-2-112-121.
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One of the greatest achievements of the humanity is obviously the recognition of the systematic unity of the natural and social knowledge. However, this recognition was not constant. The forming development and history of political sciences reflected it rather evidently, tending to go from one extreme to another - from identifying its methods with natural, to pretending for its uniqueness, or even universality. All these questions got a special importance in the perspective of the new non-classical world picture, but the adaptation of political sciences to a new type of thinking meets considerable difficulties. The analysis of the most significant approaches towards the political and international processes demonstrate, that the acceptance of the new postulates od none-classical and post-none-classical pictures of the world is quite complicated. Simultaneously with the preservation of the pure mechanistic, approach some of the elements of the new world pictures were taken from quantum physics, biology, as well as the chance factor and the rejection of the casual relationships. Nevertheless, it is better to speak not about the translation of the methods and approaches from natural sciences to political, but about the attempts to build “weak” theories or analogues (for instance, quantum-like theories). Nevertheless, generally speaking, political as well as other social sciences tend to be developing accepting the zeitgeist. The adaption of political sciences to the new world pictures is inevitable,, but would be limited by definition. Even with the backgrounds of the unity of knowledge as such, its methods and instruments are quite different and even during the process of adaption change so significantly and are so greatly reduced, that they preserve only names and imitation of the other sciences’ methodology. Anyway, we should follow the parallelcourse.
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Din, Mehraj. "Displacement of Manuscripts, Printing Revolution and Rediscovering Islamic Classics." Religion and Theology 28, no. 3-4 (December 16, 2021): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-bja10024.
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Abstract Taking as the starting point, Ahmed El-Shamsy’s new book Rediscovering the Islamic Classics is a comprehensive introduction to trace the historical trajectory of Islamic intellectual legacy. In this engaging yet pleasantly thought-out book El Shamsy intends to offer a fresh conversation on the massive loss of manuscripts, role of colonialism and its role in strengthening the Orientalist enterprise in Muslim World including the drain of manuscripts into Europe. Bringing to light the agents and events of the Islamic print revolution, this work is also an absorbing examination of the central role printing and its advocates played in the intellectual history of the modern Arab world. This review essay offers a contextual perspective and a detailed rationale behind the loss of manuscripts and unpacks some of the important debates behind the decline and restoration of Islam’s intellectual legacy.
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Kahane, Ahuvia. "Homer and Ancient Narrative Time." Classical Antiquity 41, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2022.41.1.1.
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This paper considers the nature of time and temporality in Homer. It argues that any exploration of narrative and time must, as its central tenet, take into account the irreducible plurality and interconnectedness of memory, the event, and experienced time. Drawing on notions of complexity, emergence, and stochastic behavior in science as well as phenomenological traditions in the discussion and analysis of time, temporality, and change, and offering extensive readings of Homer, of Homeric epithets and formulae, and of key passages in the Iliad and Odyssey, the paper argues against chronological notions of linear (“numbered”) time and progression and in favor of a complex, dynamic temporal “geometries” of Homeric temporality. The paper concludes by briefly extending the argument to the wider domain of ancient time in general. Homer is a fundamental point of reference in the ancient world. Thus, Homeric temporality—irreducibly complex—affects the cognition and perception of time throughout the whole of antiquity.
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Davies, Surekha. "Science, New Worlds, and the Classical Tradition: An Introduction." Journal of Early Modern History 18, no. 1-2 (February 11, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342382.
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Abstract The articles in this volume offer interventions in the history of encounters between new worlds and the intellectual traditions inherited from and informed by classical antiquity, in the period roughly spanning 1450-1850. Ranging in scope from medical treatments to devil-worship, from cosmography to climate theory, from rhetorical colloquies to the interpretation of widow-burning, they show how early modern scholars, artisans, and travelers drew on multiple cultural traditions within Europe, as well as on indigenous knowledge networks in Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, in their attempts to incorporate new information into their existing world-view.
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Zauhar, Frances Murphy. "The Book World of Henry James: Appropriating the Classics, and: The Pop World of Henry James: From Fairy Tales to Science Fiction (review)." Henry James Review 11, no. 3 (1990): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hjr.2010.0219.
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Golikova, Guzel, and Irina Khairova. "The “little man” in Tatyana Tolstayas prose." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3620.
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The aim of the article is to reveal peculiarities of implementation of the theme and the image of the “little” person in the stories by Tatyana Tolstaya, show artistic form of interaction with Gogol and Gogol’s images according to the particular aesthetics of the writer. Playing with Gogol’s characters – Bashmachkin, old-world landowners, using Gogol’s chronotope, the composition, the writer translates the classic theme in ironic-parody plan. Neo-romantic orientation of Tolstaya’s texts leads to the existence of a particular philosophical component. Postmodern dominant determines the game with “word”: citations, intertextuality. Special aesthetic game with the classics allows the writer to convey the nature of the modern era, the cynicism and absurdity.
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TARASEVYCH, Viktor. "PROBLEMATIQUE OF THE TRUTH IN THE WORLD ECONOMIC SCIENCE." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 10 (November 9, 2018): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.10.088.
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The actual problematique of the truth, its content and types in the context of the evolution of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical science are considered in the article. The critical characteristic of the correspondent, pragmatic, coherent, conventional and consensus concepts of the truth is given. The concept of holistic truth is proposed and substantiated. Emphasis is placed on its universumic character, complex organization and structure. The holistic truth is defined as the n-dimensional conformity of the economic- universumic knowledge to the super-complex human-dimensional economic temporal space (object) in its (conformity) interrelationship with human activity, its spheres and elements. The “inner world”, the construction of a holistic truth, which is precisely understood in this way, in the first approximation can be represented by three interrelated components: scientific, non-scientific and synthetic. The scientific component of the holistic truth is a complex system of interrelationships: on the one hand, the relation of scientific economic knowledge to the object, and, on the other hand, the relations of knowledge to the subject, conditions, process, result, etc., to scientific and practical economic activity, as well as the relations of economic knowledge to itself. Elements of the non-scientific component of the holistic truth can be interrelationship of relations of: (i) non-scientific economic knowledge to various phenomena of the corresponding type of comprehension and reflected reality in a universumic context; (ii) non-scientific knowledge to itself and to knowledge – the results of other types of knowledge. Synthetic component of the holistic truth is the combination and synergy of the scientific and non-scientific components. The number of such combinations cannot be described briefly, since various relationships of many types of comprehension and cognition must be considered both among themselves and with their attitudes to numerous phenomena of human activity. Thus, in modern science, along with the increasing complexity of scientific truth and the process of its comprehension, there is a ripening understanding of the impossibility of the latter without addressing the holistic truth and its comprehension. It is necessary to learn how to determine the extent and conformity of the holistic truth, the rigid conditions, preconditions and boundaries in which the economic-universumic knowledge corresponds to one or another sphere of an intricate human-dimensional object.
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Pypych, Anatoliy. "Post-non-classical synthesis of knowledge and social science." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 25, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2019-25-2-9.
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The author proceeds from the traditional consideration of the specifics of the social from the views of the Neo-Kantians and Dilthey on the distinction between "humanities" and "science". First of all, this difference is overcome by the synthesis of knowledge of human and nature, sociobiology being an example of that. Within non-classical and post-non-classical varieties of scientific knowledge, the tendency for theoretical synthesis is being increased. Cybernetics and synergetics are mentioned as oriented towards a new type of rationality and being essentially synthetic already in their origins.
The author argues that the social knowledge, performative in its nature, obtains particular importance in the holistic world-picture. Its theoretical synthesis is difficult to achieve due to the large number of different concepts of the social, which has been designated as its multiparadigmality. According to the author, the approach to systematization proposed by sources does not contribute to solving the problem. Especially when taking into account within the world-picture the impact on the synthesis process caused not only by the knowledge of human and nature, but by technical knowledge as well.
It is suggested to return to the origins of the very concept of paradigm by T. Kuhn, it's not only historical (paradigms change over time) but logical aspect as well (they are internally related). An example provided is A. Einstein's theory of relativity, where this connection of the two paradigms (both Galileo-Newton’s and Einstein's principles of relativity) constitutes a unity through the interconnection of general and special relativity.
On this ground the author proposes to take the mentioned structure as a model for constructing a synthetic theory of the social, in which a special and general theory of the social would constitute a certain integrity. The first part (the special theory) would have a direct relation to human, and the second part would deal with human relations in the light of the knowledge of nature and technology (general theory of the social).
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Gordon, Joel. "THE SLAPS FELT AROUND THE ARAB WORLD: FAMILY AND NATIONAL MELODRAMA IN TWO NASSER-ERA MUSICALS." International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 2 (May 2007): 228a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807070365.
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This essay is an attempt to read popular melodrama as a reflection of changing societal appreciations of sentimentality, romance, family relations, and, ultimately, political power during the second decade of Nasserist rule in Egypt. The essay focuses on two film classics that bookend the 1960s—“family melodramas” starring singer ءAbd al-Halim Hafiz, the pop icon intimately associated with the Nasserist project. Each film turns upon a single dramatic act of parental discipline, a slap delivered by an outraged father across the cheek of a rebellious son. Released in 1962, still a time of heady optimism, al-Khataya raises troubling questions about paternity and social status yet resolves them in classic genre style. Abi fawq al-shagara, released in 1969, in the aftermath of the June 1967 “naksa” (setback), reflects a growing generation gap and suggests—if it does not quite deliver—a countercultural reading of patriarchal authority, as well as sexual and political liberation.
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Russell, D. A. "Arts and Sciences in Ancient Education." Greece and Rome 36, no. 2 (October 1989): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500029776.
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Those of us who grope around in the mists of classical antiquity often come upon objects that remind us of the world we live in. There are analogies, always dangerous. There are many of the same words, or so it seems: arts, science, rhetoric, thesis, history, encyclopaedia. But they do not mean what we are used to. There are even historical continuities, but these also tend to be illusory.
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Sarapin, Oleksandr V. "The ghost is wandering in Ukraine, the ghost of plagiarism… (review of Ya.Chernenky's textbook "Religious Studies: Theoretical and Practical Course")." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 39 (June 13, 2006): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2006.39.1753.
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In recent years many textbooks and manuals on religious studies have been published in Ukraine. However, one of them deserves special attention because of the frank and even brazen appropriation of the author by the author of the meaningful potential not only of national scholars but also of the classics of world religious studies. It is a textbook of Ya.Chernenko's "Religious Studies: A Theoretical and Practical Course", which was published in 2005 in the Kiev publishing house "Professional" with a circulation of 800 copies. I would like to point out that this guide was recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for higher education students (letter No. 14 / 18.2 - 2835 of December 28, 2004).
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Cardinal, Monique. "Islamic Legal Theory Curriculum: Are the Classics Taught Today?" Islamic Law and Society 12, no. 2 (2005): 224–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568519054093716.
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AbstractDuring the past century, legal education has been redefined in the Arab-Muslim world as a result of the adoption of European codes, procedures and courts. Although Islamic law has been largely excluded from the curriculum of modern law schools, Islamic legal theory (usūl al-fiqh) has been retained, albeit on a highly reduced scale, and taught through modern textbooks designed by professors of the new law faculties. This article traces the genealogy of the modern usūlī textbook in an attempt to explain how the Shari a faculties of contemporary Arab universities have come to privilege the modern textbook over the classical treatise to teach Islamic legal theory. I compare the curriculum and course material of the Shari a faculties of five universities: al-Zaytūna, al-Qarawiyyīn, al-Azhar, Damascus University and Jordan University. In all, this study examines forty-two modern textbooks of Islamic legal theory. A survey of the contexts in which the first modern textbooks were taught reveals, in part, how the modern textbook of Islamic legal theory differs from its classical counterpart.
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Ragab, Ahmed. "Making History: Identity, Progress and the Modern-Science Archive." Journal of Early Modern History 21, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342570.
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Abstract The history of pre- and early-modern science, medicine, and technology in the Islamicate world has been traditionally charted around certain signposts: Translation, Golden Age, and Decline. These signposts tethered the history of Islamic sciences to a European story that culminates in the Scientific Revolution and that links European colonial expansion (causally and chronologically) to modernity. This article looks at the roots of the classical narrative of the history of Islamic sciences and explores its connections to the production of colonial sciences and the proliferation of colonial education. Moving beyond the validity or accuracy of the Golden-Age/Decline narrative, it asks about the archives that such a narrative constructs and the viability of categories and chronologies, such as the “early modern,” in thinking about histories of the Global South, in general, and of the Islamicate “world” in particular.
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Paone, Christopher. "Diogenes the Cynic on Law and World Citizenship." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 35, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 478–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340176.
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Abstract Against the traditional reading of Cynic cosmopolitanism, this essay advances the thesis that Diogenes’ world citizenship is a positive claim supported by philosophical argument and philosophical example. Evidence in favor of this thesis is a new interpretation of Diogenes’ syllogistic argument concerning law (nomos) (D.L. 6.72). Important to the argument are an understanding of Diogenes’ philanthropic character and his moral imperative to ‘re-stamp the currency’. Whereas Socrates understands his care as attached specially to Athens, Diogenes’ philosophical mission and form of care attach not to his native Sinope but to all humanity. An important result is that Diogenes’ Cynicism provides an ancient example of cosmopolitanism that is philanthropic, minimalistic, experimental, and utopian.
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Jeong, Yeonjae. "A Historical Approach to establishing Liberal Arts and Sciences(LAS) as transdisciplinary and practical science －A Study on the Possiblity and Condition for Academic Identity Establishment of Liberal Arts." Korean Association of General Education 15, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2021.15.6.23.
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The present study examines the possibility of liberal arts as science through academic reflection on liberal arts education. Academic reflection is a work that closely investigates conditions and targets that can be established as a discipline, the methods of academic research, and the attitude of the investigator who conducts research. The reason for using the word “liberal arts and sciences” instead of “liberal arts education” is to determine whether the inherent limitation of the word “education” in academic classification can be overcome. The reality of liberal arts education is that it is positioned at the bottom of the social science field despite its nature of encompassing the achievements of fundamental studies. This must be the main reason for the classification of the term “education” as a sub-field of pedagogy among the social sciences. In this regard, the name “liberal arts and sciences(LAS),” which includes education and research, can be considered as an experimental attempt to reestablish the status of liberal arts education.</br>The present study examines the possibility of the academic establishment of liberal arts, and it investigates the definition and function of LAS. Considering that liberal arts were developed in a relationship of integration, opposition, and conflict with philosophy and humanities in the process of developing the Western academic disciplines, this study will focus on explaining the relationship with philosophy and humanities in determining the identity and function of LAS. First, the present study will examine the possibility of establishing LAS as a meta-science in analogy with philosophy while tracing the identity crisis of philosophy that emerged in the process of academic differentiation. Moreover, the background and reasons for LAS to assume the function of the “cultivation of the whole man” of the classical humanities will be derived. Lastly, this study will examine attitudes among people who teach and conduct research in the field of humanities while judging the appearance of LAS as an ideal type. Through this, it will be emphasized that LAS should provide an understanding and interpretation of human beings and the world by using the academic achievements of the empirical sciences as academic targets again, and play the role of the practical sciences through the connection between the academic world and life-world.
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Наквакина, Екатерина, and Yekatyerina Nakvakina. "Comparativist character of world politics as discipline (from the experience of teaching to post graduates)." Comparative Research In Law and Politics 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1935.
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Relatively young discipline “World Politics” is not a pure comparativist course of lectures. Nevertheless it contains many comparisons. World Politics does not devoted to contemporary international relations. It describes first of all the most burning problems for our planet and actions of different social and political forces at the world arena, including states, transnational companies, social movements, civic organizations, etc. This approach demands comparisons to be made when we speak for example, about globalization in different countries, economic and political integration at concrete continents, problems of migration, education, medical services, food rations in various states. World Politics is linked with classical Political Science but it contains very important foreign component. In the nearest future the progress of knowledge will make one step further. Comparative Global Science (Global Comparativistika) may be a reality. Simultaneously in Legal Sciences the logical next step for Comprative Law will be State and Legal Comparative Studies. So unprecedented promotion of comparative method in humanity sciences is the result of globalization.
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Feng, Zongren. "Picture of the World in the Artist’s Work." Humanitarian Vector 15, no. 5 (October 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-5-79-84.
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Recently, scientists from different fields of scientific knowledge have actively turned to the analysis of social development within the framework of the picture of the world as its specific construct, the mechanism of interaction between man and society. The theoretical foundations of the research of modern scientists in the field of research are the work of the classics of philosophy, sociology, natural sciences, etc. V. von Humboldt created the concept of a picture of the world, based on the introduction of such concepts as “internal form” and “spirit of the people”.There is no universally accepted definition of the concept of “picture of the world” in science, which is explained by the dynamism of modern reality, the polysemy of the concept itself, and its inconsistency. The picture of the world is understood as a generalized image of the surrounding reality, created in the process of human perception of the world and existing in the form of scientific knowledge, concepts, laws, and everyday consciousness. The picture of the world is an objective world of two, an epistemological construct. The article assesses various approaches to the study of the picture of the world in modern scientific knowledge: philosophical, sociological, natural – scientific, etc. The levels of the picture of the world are distinguished: scientific and ordinary, their features are described. The analysis of the concept “picture of the world” in the works of modern scientists is the theoretical and methodological basis for the study of the picture of the world in art, which has its specificity and reflects the world in the minds of the creator. Creating a picture of the world in artistic creativity represents an understanding of the world around us in individual consciousness. The concept of “a picture of the world in the artist’s work” is revealed by the example of an analysis of the works of a Chinese painter Hai Zhi Han, a member of the Union of Chinese artists, a teacher at the Inner Mongolia Pedagogical University. Keywords: picture of the world, creator, picture of the world in the artist’s work, anti-rationality, expressionism
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Wang, Guoyan, and Junfei Du. "One Hundred Thousand Whys: A Classic in Chinese Book History." Science Communication 40, no. 5 (August 7, 2018): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547018792570.
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One Hundred Thousand Whys is a widely known popular science book in China, which has been developing people’s systematic understanding of basic sciences for generations. This encyclopedic book covers a wide range of topics, inspiring people’s observations and pondering about the world by asking nonspecialist questions. Different questions are raised and followed by answers that satisfy readers’ scientific curiosity; cultivate the scientific literacy of generations of children, and even of adults; and make up for the shortcomings of scientific education in China’s schools. In the past half-century, it has become a legend and classic in Chinese publishing history.
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Doyle, Michael W. "Liberalism and World Politics." American Political Science Review 80, no. 4 (December 1986): 1151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400185041.
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Building on a growing literature in international political science, I reexamine the traditional liberal claim that governments founded on a respect for individual liberty exercise “restraint” and “peaceful intentions” in their foreign policy. I look at three distinct theoretical traditions of liberalism, attributable to three theorists: Schumpeter, a democratic capitalist whose explanation of liberal pacifism we often invoke; Machiavelli, a classical republican whose glory is an imperialism we often practice; and Kant, a liberal republican whose theory of internationalism best accounts for what we are. Despite the contradictions of liberal pacifism and liberal imperialism, I find, with Kant and other democratic republicans, that liberalism does leave a coherent legacy on foreign affairs. Liberal states are different. They are indeed peaceful. They are also prone to make war. Liberal states have created a separate peace, as Kant argued they would, and have also discovered liberal reasons for aggression, as he feared they might. I conclude by arguing that the differences among liberal pacifism, liberal imperialism, and Kant's internationalism are not arbitrary. They are rooted in differing conceptions of the citizen and the state.
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Mazilov, V. A. "Psychological Science in "Scaffolding"." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 77 (2020): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/77/2.
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The article discusses the state of Russian psychological science. Traditionally, it is said that psychology separated from philosophy in the second half of the 19th century and became an independent discipline. It is argued that, contrary to popular opinion, psychology has not yet become a fully independent science, the process of its formation continues into the present. S.L. Rubinstein (1940), of M.S. Rogovin (1968) argue in favor of not completed yet formation of psychology as a science, because the necessary conditions are not achieved. This problem is international, that is, a problem of the world of psychology in general. The article shows that the validity confirmation of such qualification status of psychology is the conclusion of some psychologists that the methodological crisis in psychology is permanent and associates with the unresolved fundamental issues of psychology related to the strategy of mental study in present conditions. The article set the priorities that are to be discussed in psychology on its way to becoming a full fledged fundamental science. The most important issue requiring a decision and exposed the key to psychology is the problem of subject in psychological science. The article analyzes the reaction of Russian psychology to the challenge of globalization. It is argued that the understanding of globalization as unification on the basis of the American model is a serious obstacle to the full development of psychology in fundamental science, which was predicted by the classics of psychology of the 20th century.
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Alasgarova, Gunel. "Why has sci-fi literature lost its popularity in Azerbaijan after 1990?" RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2020-25-1-68-81.
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This paper examines the reasons why science fiction works are not popular in the last decades in Azerbaijan. The focus of this research is to determine whether there is a lack of science fiction novels in the market or low-quality of existing modern novels that leads to the unpopularity in the society. The data collection methods were conducting a survey among people and several interviews of literature experts. Libraries and bookshops, as well as school literature textbooks, were observed in the search of science fiction works, as well. The survey identified the reasons for the unpopularity of science fiction and the role of authors, works, libraries, and bookshops in this trend. The findings of the survey indicate that people still read and are involved in this genre and strongly prefer world classics rather than national. While observing Azerbaijan National Library, it was found out that in modern Azerbaijan literature there are enough books in this genre, which are not properly promoted by bookshops, social media, TV programs or school textbooks. Whereas, experts in this field indicated that the newly published novels are not engaging or appealing enough to be bought by a large audience. Additionally, it would be useful to include that science fiction is losing its prestige to the fantasy all over the world, including Azerbaijan. These results partially support earlier articles that describe science fiction as an unpopular genre in Azerbaijan in the XXI century, whereas this research claims that there are readable works, which need for more advancement.
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Aziz GÖKSEL, Mehmet. "THE WORLD OF "THE MAN WHO SAVED THE WORLD"." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 4, no. 2 (April 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041404.
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In this study, a semiotic reading of the famous Turkish science fantasy film “The Man Who Saves the World” has been made from different aspects. This film which constitutes the research material for this article was made in 1982 and became a cult classic by the end of the nineties because of it’s comprehensive deficencies. The Man Who Saves the World must be considered as a project that can assert social and psychological appearenace of Turkish people not entirely but partially in early eighties who lived in a peripheric country such as today. With this respect the idea of reading Turkish societie’s -especially- geopolitical location, percieving and defining levels of high technology in comparison with western societies in a bi-polar world of cold war period via this production is remarkably interesting and therewithal ironic. As this study is a semiotic analysis of the connections of “signifier-signified” relations of film language, the determined significations are arranged in a matched order within a table. By this analysis the attributes of the feature and the film language are discussed in a structural unity and concluded.
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Filonik, Jakub, and Janek Kucharski. "Discourses of Identity in the Ancient World: Preliminary Remarks." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 38, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340304.
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Beidler, Philip D. "Mr. Roberts and American Remembering; or, Why Major Major Major Major Looks Like Henry Fonda." Journal of American Studies 30, no. 1 (April 1996): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800024312.
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Although the idea may be hard for us to imagine fifty years later, especially given the historical weight of the subject, the first of the great postwar entertainment classics to come out of the American experience of World War II took shape initially as a set of comic short stories by Thomas Heggen about the backwater Pacific Navy. Gathered into a slim 1946 novel, the stories became the basis of a hit Broadway play of 1948; and that play in turn became the basis of an extraordinarily popular 1955 movie. The classic so described, of course, was Mr. Roberts, with the titular hero eventually so thoroughly identified with the actor playing him on stage and screen that by the end of the decade in question, a New York Times Reviewer would observe of the actor, Henry Fonda, “it now appears he is Mr. Roberts.”
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Gianvittorio-Ungar, Laura. "Narratives in Motion: the Art of Dancing Stories in Antiquity and Beyond." Greek and Roman Musical Studies 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22129758-12341367.
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Abstract The purpose of the symposium “Narratives in Motion. The Art of Dancing Stories in Antiquity and Beyond” was to make original contributions to the thriving field of study on ancient Greek and Roman dance by tackling this issue from an angle which is both specific in that it narrows down the focus on dance narrativity across different performance genres, and inclusive in that it encompasses transcultural, transhistorical and practice-based approaches. With eleven talks by classical and dance scholars and two performances by dance artists, the symposium was able to shed light on a range of practices, genres and cultural aspects relating to narrative dance in the ancient and, to a lesser degree, modern world. The event took place on 22-23 June 2018 at the Department of Classics of the University of Vienna, and was sponsored by the FWF-Austrian Science Fund (Project V442-G25 “Aischylos’ diegetisches Drama”).
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Pye, Lucian W. "Political Science and the Crisis of Authoritarianism." American Political Science Review 84, no. 1 (March 1990): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1963627.
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Political science is a discipline in constant danger of fragmentation because of the centrifugal pulls of our subfields and the contradictions in our scientific and humanistic traditions. We are, however, periodically brought together by the need to respond to major developments that are reshaping the political universe. We are today confronted with a unifying challenge in the crisis of authoritarianism that is undermining the legitimacy of all types of authoritarian systems throughout the world, including the Marxist-Leninist regimes. The crisis will not necessarily produce democracies, but rather a variety of part-free, part-authoritarian systems which do not conform to our classical typologies. Although the crisis of authoritarianism stems from profound social, economic, and cultural trends, the outcome in each case will be decided by political responses. Political science, therefore, has the responsibility to lead intellectually other social sciences in analyzing the fundamental change in political life that involves the clash between individual political cultures and the world culture of modernization.
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O'CONNOR, RUSSELL. "Classical mathematics for a constructive world." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 21, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 861–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129511000132.
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Interactive theorem provers based on dependent type theory have the flexibility to support both constructive and classical reasoning. Constructive reasoning is supported natively by dependent type theory, and classical reasoning is typically supported by adding additional non-constructive axioms. However, there is another perspective that views constructive logic as an extension of classical logic. This paper will illustrate how classical reasoning can be supported in a practical manner inside dependent type theory without additional axioms. We will show several examples of how classical results can be applied to constructive mathematics. Finally, we will show how to extend this perspective from logic to mathematics by representing classical function spaces using a weak value monad.
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Kumar, Surendra, Nitish Raj, Sujeet Kumar, and Shyam Sundar Sharma. "A REVIEW ON SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY OF AMAVATA: LOGICS BEHIND THE SYMPTOMS." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1106188.
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In today’s world, Ayurveda gives more hope for the suffering humanity where no complete solution for commonest inflammatory disease like Rheumatoid Arthritis is available. Rheumatoid Arthritis can be considered similar to Amavata as per Ayurvedic texts. The symptoms of Amavata are similar to Rheumatoid arthritis - where pain, swelling and stiffness of joints are present. It can cause debility, joints deformities, crippling etc in chronic condition. The disease was first mentioned by Madhava Acharya in 25th chapter of Madhava nidana while scriptures like Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridya and Ashtanga Sangraha mentioned only about Ama and Amavrita vata. Afterwards Vangasena, Bhaishajya Ratnavali etc has elaborated the management of Amavata. Ayurveda focuses on nidana, samprapti, rupa etc of the disease. So, in the treatment, Nidana Parivarjana plays an important role. After gaining the knowledge of these, a physician can provide proper treatment. This study has been designed to find out Science and Philosophy behind the symptoms of Amavata according to Ayurvedic classics.
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Karimova, G. "THE CONNECTION BETWEEN TEACHING THE DRAMA AND BRANCHES OF SCIENCE." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 73, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7804.56.
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Nowadays it is very important to determine cross curriculum methodology of teaching Modern Kazakh Drama with other subjects. If the Literature is the Art of the word, the Drama is one of the means of the Literature for human cognition. Being one of approaches of displaying the vital fact, Drama has got close ties with such sciences as Linguistics, History, Psychology, Aesthetics, Culture and Literature. Modern Kazakh Drama, which has creatively absorbed traditions of the World Classic Drama, has defined independent branch of the National Drama and its innovative development. The pace of Information Technologies development, lack of motivation in mastering the art of speech, loss of interest in reading the classic literature force scientists, methodologists, parents and society to think. The article discusses possibilities of Literature heritage analysis in accordance with the nature of art as well as the author's understanding of ideological and aesthetic reality, formation of sensory sensation skills, perception, synthesis and understanding of the content, basic idea of a work in a conjunction of Literature with other branches of science.
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Ricci, Gabriel R. "Science, Art and the Classical World in the Botanizing Travels of William Bartram." Journal of Early Modern Studies 6, no. 1 (2017): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jems2017618.
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Dobronravova, Iryna. "Post non-classical Synthesis of Knowledge." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 25, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2019-25-2-8.
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Academician V. S. Stepin, considering the objects of classical and non-classical types of rationality like aspects or fragments of self-developing systems as the object of post non-classical type of rationality, provided a methodological foundation for formulating a post non-classical synthesis of foregoing knowledge on the basis of new theoretizations of post non-classical sciences. The present article provides examples of such synthesis in Quantum Physics of the Alive as a phenomenon of post non-classical science,
Physics of the Alive demonstrated, how the self-organization of a live organism's own coherent electromagnetic field entails the dynamic stability of the organism as a macroscopic quantum object. As a result of such macroscopic nature, the spreading of electromagnetic waves of millimeter range in organism and their reflection from bones and nails as well as the interference of direct and reflective waves, creating papillary patterns, proceeds entirely according to the laws of classic electrodynamics. Moreover, the space projection of limit cycles of this coherent field can be naturally associated with channels of Chinese acupuncture. Quantum Medicine, which is based on Physics of the Alive, successfully uses the experience of the ancient culture. Thus postnonclsssical science realizes the synthesis of knowledge of different realms and kinds.
Besides of this example of postnonclassical synthesis of knowledge, author shows, how non-linear theories, describing variants of non-linear dynamics of complex system, consider the choice by chance for certain variant as real necessity of historic development of our world. However, no common recipe of the synthesis apparently exists. One can only speak about creation of specific post non-classical theories of specific becoming and existence of self-organizing systems. It is important that the task of creating such synthesis can be correctly formulated now by utilizing the theoretical framework of Prof. V. S. Stepin. Post non-classical synthesis of knowledge provides the unity of science and demonstrates the unity of our world.
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Al-Andalusi, Asadullah Ali. "The Rise and Decline of Scientific Productivity in the Muslim World: A Preliminary Analysis." ICR Journal 6, no. 2 (April 15, 2015): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v6i2.333.
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Scientific productivity has been in decline in the Muslim world since as early as the 15th century and is only now reviving. Many factors have been attributed to the rise and decline, falling under two broad categories: external and internal influences. The popular understanding of scientific decline in the Muslim world, known as the ‘classical narrative’ promulgated by orientalists, suggests that only external influences - mainly the synthesis of Persian and Greek elements of civilisation into the Arab imperialist project - were the reasons for the sharp rise of the sciences within Islamic civilisation. Simultaneously, this narrative also suggests that internal influences, exemplified in the impact of Al-Ghazali’s thought towards a more conservative religious approach, as opposed to the more ‘rationalist’ elements of the Mutazilite School of theology - played the most significant role in decline. This paper shows that the classical narrative is invalid, that there were more legitimate factors at play in both the rise and decline of science in the Muslim world, and that the contemporary stagnation in scientific productivity is a result of this misunderstanding.
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Rusu, Mihai Stelian. "Theorising love in sociological thought: Classical contributions to a sociology of love." Journal of Classical Sociology 18, no. 1 (April 5, 2017): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x17700645.
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This article sets out to explore the contributions of classical social thinkers to a sociological understanding of love. It builds on the premise that despite its major relevance and consequential importance in shaping both individual lives and the social world, until recently love was a heavily undertheorised topic in the sociological tradition. Moreover, the body of disparate sociological reflections that have been made on the social nature of love has been largely forgotten in the discipline’s intellectual legacy. The article then proceeds in unearthing the classics’ contributions to a sociology of love. It starts with Max Weber’s view that love promises to be a means of sensual salvation in an increasingly rationalised social world based on impersonal formal relationships. Next, it critically examines Pitirim A. Sorokin’s integral theory of love. It then moves to address Talcott Parsons’ view on love as a binding force whose social function is to integrate the conjugal couple of the modern nuclear family in the absence of the external pressures exerted by the kinship network. The article concludes by showing how these conceptualisations of love were all embedded in wider theoretical constructions set up to account for the modernisation process.
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Dhaouadi, Mahmoud. "Reflections into the Spirit of the Islamic Corpus of Knowledge and the Rise of the New Science." American Journal of Islam and Society 10, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i2.2504.
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There is no question that contemporary western civilization has beendominant in the field of science since the Renaissance. Western scientificsuperiority is not limited to specific scientific disciplines, but is rather anovetall scientific domination covering both the so-called exact and thehuman-social sciences. Western science is the primary reference for specialistsin such ateas as physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, economics,psychology, and sociology. It is in this sense that Third World underdevelopmentis not only economic, social, and industrial; it also suffersfrom scientific-cultutal underdevelopment, or what we call "The OtherUnderdevelopment" (Dhaouadi 1988).The imptessive progress of western science since Newton and Descartesdoes not meari, however, that it has everything tight or perfect. Infact, its flaws ate becoming mote visible. In the last few decades, westernscience has begun to experience a shift from what is called classical scienceto new science. Classical science was associated with the celestialmechanics of Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, the new physics of Galileo,and the philosophy of Descartes. Descartes introduced a radical divisionbetween mind and matter, while Newton and his fellows presented a newscience that looked at the world as a kind of giant clock The laws of thisworld were time-reversible, for it was held that there was no differencebetween past and future. As the laws were deterministic, both the pastand the future could be predicted once the present was known.The vision of the emerging new science tends to heal the division betweenmatter and spirit and to do away with the mechanical dimension ...
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İdiman, Çağrı. "Tributary World-Ecologies, Part I." Journal of World-Systems Research 28, no. 1 (March 26, 2022): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2022.1066.
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This essay, in two parts, argues for the centrality of the world-ecology perspective for theorizing the relations, dynamics, and crises of the High Medieval Worlds. Commercialization Theorists view the High Middle Ages as a period of early capitalism, while classical Marxist theorists conceive it as a continuation of feudalism. In contrast to both conceptions, I argue that this era can instead be evaluated on its own terms from the world-ecology perspective. In Part I, I develop two interrelated historical-geographical and theoretical arguments. By employing a comparative world-historical methodology, I first argue that two distinct world-ecologies emerged in the North Sea and the Mediterranean during the High Middle Ages. Second, I define world-ecologies not only in terms of commercial relations, but also of production relations, that is, the mode of appropriation of nature and labor. Next, I focus on the common characteristics of tributary world-ecologies. These two world-ecologies were distinguished by agrarian tributary relations, two-tiered commercial networks, and a multiple state-system. I argue that they expanded due to the unique bundling of climatological upturn, novel production relations, and technological and organizational innovations. I conclude Part I by analyzing the North Sea world-ecology, which has typically served as a model for both Commercialization and Classical Marxist perspectives. While there is no question that both perspectives have their merits, it seems more fruitful to explain the relations and dynamics of the North Sea world by the mutual-conditioning of nature, tributary production, and two-tiered commerce. Second, it is more useful to theorize the North Sea world in relation to the larger tributary worlds, characteristic of the High Middle Ages.
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Serebrennikova, Anna. "Criminological Problems of the Digital World (Digital Criminology)." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(3).423-430.
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The development of information society and the corresponding technologies raises to a new level the tasks of counteracting crimes committed using such technologies, and of minimizing damage from them. The growth in the scale of new types of crime is a cause of worry for the society and the authorities, and especially for criminologists, as the penetration of criminals into the virtual environment and their mastery of new technologies acquire dangerous forms, change criminal motivation and, at the same time, to some extent stimulate the development of information and telecommunication technologies. The growing sophistication of the tasks of preventing and counteracting hi tech crimes makes it necessary to critically assess the current criminological methods and to make an attempt to go beyond the known «common» methods of neo-classical criminology. The development of the digital criminology concept cannot be reduced to an aggregate of pioneer technological methods developed on the basis of mathematical modeling, i.e. computer processing of quantitative and qualitative parameters of crimes, mathematical detection of different dependencies (on time, place and other variables), it could and should be understood in a wider sense: on the one hand, it should influence the new criminological paradigm, and on the other - it should develop within its boundaries. The modern information-analytical sphere in the work of law enforcement bodes includes the use of digital criminological instruments within the programs of crime prevention, mathematical methods of analyzing crimes, profiling, etc. Their aggregate is generally applicable to criminological analysis and prediction, however, it does not have the most cutting edge theoretical basis that corresponds to the tasks of counteracting crimes of the digital world; it is now being formed on the basis of criminological neo-classics, the advances of the social sciences and the humanities, digital criminology. The predictions of new industrial revolutions include a rapid acceleration of the pace of technological development, a systemic transformation of production and management, which will not only stimulate a global rise in the living standards, but will also increase inequality and, consequently, will provide an impetus to crime. These aspects should be taken into consideration when predicting future development of digital criminology, whose theories should be based on the conceptual models of social development of the near future. Social consequences of the predicted new industrial revolutions will inevitably become new common determiners of the crimes of the future, as it always happened in the past.
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Bryan, Charles S. "The centenary of ‘The Old Humanities and the New Science,’ the last public address of Sir William Osler (1849–1919)." Journal of Medical Biography 27, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772018800799.
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On 16 May 1919, Sir William Osler (1849–1919) gave what would be his last public address, ‘The Old Humanities and the New Science,’ to the Classical Association of which he was president. British educators were locked in a struggle between classics teachers, who wished to preserve their dominance in public schools and universities, and science teachers, who wanted more time in the curriculum. Osler had supported the science teachers’ position three years earlier in his presidential address to the Association of Public School Science Masters. What could he now say to the classicists without making enemies? He gently chided both groups, but he was less concerned that day with the curricular dispute than with the question whether ‘Science … can rule without invoking ruin.’ He averred that ‘there must be a very different civilization or there will be no civilization at all.’ He invoked the Hippocratic ideal of ‘ philanthropia and philotechnia’ (love of humanity and love of science of technology) not just for medicine, but for all of humankind.
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Klein, Alan. "Globalizing sport: assessing the World Baseball Classic." Soccer & Society 9, no. 2 (January 14, 2008): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970701811032.
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Гольдшмидт, Евгений, and Eugeniy Goldschmidt. "THE METAPHYSICAL APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF THE NOOSPHERE AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCIENCE, CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2017, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2017-4-61-66.
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<p>The article features the problem of the impasse in the development of modern Rationalistic «Western» civilization in its relations with the external and internal worlds. It describes the ability to «return» to the metaphysical and even theological grounds of ideology, science in the post-non-classical, post-informational and post-economic periods of development. The paper describes a large-scale synthesis of humanitarian and natural sciences, science and art, science and religion. The author proposes to use the concept, or the paradigm, of the «noosphere», which continues the tradition of Russian cosmism. The suggested model of the anthropocene consists of three or four hypothetical phases (agrian, technocean, nooten and psychosen). It involves a possibility of using altered states of consciousness (the activation of the right cerebral hemisphere, shamanic states, etc.) in the formation of a more coherent, synthetic, «live» knowledge of the world and the relevant practices. The article features examples of small ethnic groups as an option to resolve contradictions between cultures and ethnic groups.</p>
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Vogt, Katja Maria. "Colloquium 2 Commentary on Barney." Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy 31, no. 1 (May 25, 2016): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134417-00311p06.
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Rachel Barney proposes that Plato’s theory of the tripartite soul is plausibly compared to scientific theories today. I depart from Barney by proposing that the tripartite soul is a model and that its status is hypothetical. And I raise four questions: (1) What follows from the Plato-science comparison, as Barney conceives of it? (2) Which questions emerge if science is looked at in the sophisticated mode that Barney employs in her discussion of Plato? (3) Current science invokes a multitude of subsystems relevant to motivation. Why compare it with tripartition? Stoic psychology may share more fundamental ideas with current science, including the premise that all goings-on in the soul are physiological movements. (4) If tripartition is a model, why would one expect it to account for all dimensions of epistemic activity?