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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Classical; Roman Imperial Period

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Academic literature on the topic 'Classical; Roman Imperial Period'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Classical; Roman Imperial Period"

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Izzet, Vedia, and Robert Shorrock. "General." Greece and Rome 61, no. 2 (September 12, 2014): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383514000163.

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Originally published in Dutch in 1995, Antiquity. Greeks and Romans in Context by Frederick Naerebout and Henk Singor aims to provide (in its own modest words) a ‘reasonably comprehensive one-volume’ overview of the Greco-Roman world for undergraduates and a wider interested audience (xiii). The main focus of the work is the Greco-Roman world from 1000 bc to 500 bc (divided into the Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman Imperial periods). Each period is covered under the same three headings (in the interests of comparability): ‘Historical Outline’, ‘Social Fabric’, ‘Social Life and Mentality’. The wider context is, however, by no means ignored. The authors provide a valuable overview of the Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods (27–35) and of the early civilizations of Eurasia up to 900 bc (36–58). At the other end of the timeline, the book does not simply conclude with the Roman Imperial period but carries on the story up to the tenth century ad and beyond (369–94). A particular emphasis is placed in the introductory chapter on ‘The Ecology of History’ (11–23): [M]aterial factors can be called the ‘basics’ of history: they determine what, under given circumstances, is possible and what is not; they create preconditions for, and restraints on human life. Thus, every culture has been in many respects the expression of the ways in which some group of human beings managed to adapt to the ecosystem in which they happened to be living, which might also be described as ecological anthropology. (11)

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Keesling, Catherine M. "Misunderstood Gestures: Iconatrophy and the Reception of Greek Sculpture in the Roman Imperial Period." Classical Antiquity 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 41–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2005.24.1.41.

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Abstract Anthropologists have defined iconatrophy as a process by which oral traditions originate as explanations for objects that, through the passage of time, have ceased to make sense to their viewers. One form of iconatrophy involves the misinterpretation of statues' identities, iconography, or locations. Stories that ultimately derive from such misunderstandings of statues are Monument-Novellen, a term coined by Herodotean studies. Applying the concept of iconatrophy to Greek sculpture of the Archaic and Classical periods yields three possible examples in which statues standing in Greek sanctuaries may have inspired stories cited by authors of the Roman imperial period as explanations for the statues' identities, attributes, poses, or locations. The statues in question are the portrait of the athletic victor Milo of Croton at Olympia, a bronze lioness on the Athenian Acropolis identified as a memorial to the Athenian prostitute Leaina (““lioness””), and the Athena Hygieia near the Propylaia of Mnesikles. Inscriptions on the bases of Archaic and Classical statues in Greek sanctuaries typically named the dedicator, the recipient deity, and the sculptor, but did not include the subject represented or the historical occasion behind the dedication. These ““gaps”” left by votive inscriptions would only have encouraged the formation of iconatrophic oral traditions such as the examples examined in this article.

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van Nijf, Onno. "Olympia en de Olympische Spelen in de Romeinse tijd." Lampas 54, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/lam2021.2.005.nijf.

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Abstract Most studies of the ancient Olympic Games focus on the Classical period. This is a bit surprising, as it has been established that the Hellenistic and Roman periods constituted the hey-days of Greek sport. In the Hellenistic period, a shared sports and festival culture was one of the main ingredients of an imagined community of Greek cities stretching from southern Italy as far as the Tigris, and beyond. In the Roman Imperial period, sport flourished even more. With Roman support an integrated festival network arose with an empire-wide pull but gravitating in the Eastern provinces. Olympia was the active centre of this system. In this overview, I shall first discuss the athletes who gathered in Olympia, and then the reputation and attractiveness of the Games. I shall conclude with a discussion of some material aspects of the sanctuary.

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Kołoczek, Bartosz Jan. "The Aegean Imaginarium: Selected Stereotypes and Associations Connected with the Aegean Sea and Its Islands in Roman Literature in the Period of the Principate." Electrum 27 (2020): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.20.010.12800.

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This article is devoted to the rarely addressed problem of Roman stereotypes and associations connected with the Aegean Sea and its islands in the works of Roman authors in the first three centuries of the Empire. The image of the Aegean islands in the Roman literature was somewhat incongruously compressed into contradictory visions: islands of plenty, desolate prisons, always located far from Italy, surrounded by the terrifying marine element. The positive associations stemmed from previous cultural contacts between the Aegean and Rome: the Romans admired the supposedly more developed Greek civilisation (their awe sometimes underpinned by ostensible disparagement), whereas their elites enjoyed their Aegean tours and reminisced about past glories of Rhodes and Athens. The negative associations came from the islands’desolation and insignificance; the imperial authors, associating the Aegean islets with exile spots, borrowed such motifs from classical and Hellenistic Greek predecessors. The Aegean Sea, ever-present in the rich Greek mythical imaginarium, inspired writers interested in myth and folklore; other writers associated islands with excellent crops and products, renowned and valued across the Empire.

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Ricci, Paola, Carmina Sirignano, Simona Altieri, Mariangela Pistillo, Alfonso Santoriello, and Carmine Lubritto. "Paestum dietary habits during the Imperial period: archaeological records and stable isotope measurement." ACTA IMEKO 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i2.334.

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<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">In historical contexts, analyses of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes can be useful to answer different question on dietary behavior and to crosscheck information, drawn from texts and classical archaeological investigations. In this study the Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) facility installed at the IRMS-SUN Laboratory of the Second University of Naples is presented. Moreover, results coming from application of stable isotope analyses to bone collagen extracted from human remains of the necropolis of “Porta Sirena” in Paestum will be discussed. </span><span lang="EN-US">Finally, a combined analyses of archaeological and historical record and stable isotope measurements permits to expand our knowledge on diet in Roman Paestum.</span></p>

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ΚΑΡΑΜΠΟΥΛΑ, Δήμητρα Π. "Sed iuxta legis severitatem congruenti poena ulciscetur (Kατά την του νόμου αυστηρότητα θα κολάσει δια προσφόρου ποινής)." BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 22 (February 8, 2013): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.1051.

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Late Antiquity, or rather the post classical period, the Dominate, is a term familiar especially to legal historians; it means the final period of Roman iurisprudence. Apart of that it is a crucial period of change and transition in the history of the Roman Empire where each and every one challenge to imperial authority elicited an energetic response. It is a well documented period especially in contrast to the dearth of the mid-third century. There is a notable richness in the variety and number of imperial texts, deriving from legal sources. Those texts prove that legal science did not die with the Principate, but took on forms suitable to contemporary conditions. This study discusses the results of the transition from the time of the Principate to the time of the Dominate in the legal proceedings and the criminal law. With reference to the laws included in the Codex Hermogenianus, as ad hoc law, namely, the whole output of rescripts for the years 293/294, the study focuses on the jurisdiction in criminal cases, in particular on the role of the governor of a province, not only in answering petitions but also judging according to the cognitio procedure, and on the extra ordinem execution of a penalty.

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Dickey, Eleanor. "ΚΥΡΙΕ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΑ, Domine. Greek Politeness in the Roman Empire." Journal of Hellenic Studies 121 (November 2001): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/631824.

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AbstractWhy did the Greeks of the Roman period make such extensive use of the vocative κύριε, when Greeks of earlier periods had been content with only one vocative meaning ‘master’, δέσποτα? This study, based primarily on a comprehensive search of documentary papyri but also making extensive use of literary evidence (particularly that of the Septuagint and New Testament), traces the development of both terms from the classical period to the seventh century AD. It concludes that κύριε was created to provide a translation for Latin domine, and that domine, which has often been considered a translation of κύριε, had a Roman origin. In addition, both κύριε and domine were from their beginnings much less deferential than is traditionally supposed, so that neither term underwent the process of ‘weakening’ which converted English ‘master’ into ‘Mr’. δέσποτα, which was originally far more deferential than the other two terms, did undergo some weakening, but not (until a very late period) as much as is usually supposed. These findings in turn imply that Imperial politeness has been somewhat misunderstood and suggest that the Greeks of the first few centuries AD were much less servile in their language than is traditionally assumed.

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Vazquez, Adriana. "The cruelest harvest: Virgilian agricultural pessimism in the poetry of the Brazilian colonial period." Classical Receptions Journal 12, no. 4 (July 26, 2020): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/claa006.

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Abstract Classical imagery and mythological narratives provided ready literary analogues for framing European expansion into the New World in the colonial and early modern periods. This article examines the manipulation of classical images of agricultural fecundity and Virgilian pessimism in select works of two Brazilian poets working in the neoclassical tradition during the colonial period, José Basílio da Gama (1740–95) and Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto (1744–93), by which both poets advance a critique of Iberian expansion into Latin America. I argue that both poets, writing in dialogue with one another, activate an especially Virgilian agricultural imagery that sets war in contradiction to agricultural production in a post-colonial critique of European imperialist expansion into Brazil. The poetry of these figures exhibits a remarkable reversal of sympathies that distinguishes South American treatment of ancient material from that of European receptions that aligned imperial Europe with the Roman empire and its traditional heroes, a comparison established in order to justify colonialist expansion into the New World.

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Selden, Daniel L. "TARGUM: TRANSLATION IN HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN IMPERIAL PROSE FICTION." Ramus 43, no. 2 (December 2014): 173–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rmu.2014.11.

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Hellenistic and Roman Imperial prose fiction sprang from the ashes of the Haxāmanišiyan Empire (c.550-330 BCE). The multicultural autonomy that Iranian regents afforded their subject peoples laid the groundwork for social policy under Alexandros, the Diadokhoi, and Roman governance of the Near East. As literary fiction developed over the course of the ‘long’ Hellenistic period, the diversity of languages and cultures not only shaped the kinds of narratives produced: polyglossia became a subject of representation in and of itself, as did the possibilities of translation between one language and another.

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DE SOUZA, PHILIP. "WAR, SLAVERY, AND EMPIRE IN ROMAN IMPERIAL ICONOGRAPHY." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 54, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2011.00016.x.

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Abstract This paper discusses the theme of defeated and captured enemies in Roman art based on a selection of examples from the imperial period. It argues that the relative prominence and frequency of such images can be correlated with historical texts and documents to demonstrate that the taking of captives for enslavement was a significant aim of Roman warfare. Examples of similar iconography from other ancient cultures, in particular the Neo-Assyrian Empire, are compared to suggest that a preference for motifs celebrating the acquisition of slaves through warfare is a general characteristic of the commemorative art of ancient imperial cultures.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Classical; Roman Imperial Period"

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Armpis, Eleni. "The architecture and spatial organisation of Asklepieia in mainland Greece, the islands and western Asia Minor." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369602.

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Beal, Sarah E. "Roman Battle Sarcophagi: An Analysis of Composition as a Reflection of Changing Imperial Styles and Production." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468337348.

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Crane, Andrew Mark. "Roman attitudes to peace in the Late Republican and Early Imperial periods : from Greek origins to contemporary evidence." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/44166/.

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Pax Romana is often seen as an aggressive force, imposing the will of Rome on her empire. Perhaps it is because of this that Roman authors are often seen as having a dismissive view of peace and an admiration, if not a love, of war. The only literary area where this has been questioned at any length is in verse, most fully by the elegists. This thesis, therefore, focuses on the concept of peace in the philosophy and historiography of late republican and early imperial Rome, drawing examples from classical Greece and early Christian texts when necessary. The first section acts as an introduction to the possibility of a more positive attitude to peace by examining the most striking negative presentations of war: just war theory and civil wars. The second section examines the main philosophical schools from the period and argues that the Stoics, Cynics and Epicureans share pacifistic views that are not merely utopian but are grounded in important tenets of their respective philosophies: oikeiosis, cosmopolitanism, and the unimportance of material and physical virtues for the Stoics and Cynics; divine self-sufficiency, the avoidance of pain, and the importance of friendship for the Epicureans. Some even willingly reject more traditionally Roman values, like gloria, because they conflicted with the philosophical antipathy to warfare. An examination of the usages of the terms pax and concordia in the historians of the time argues that the dominant view, that they were suspicious of peace, is not wholly accurate. Sallust and Livy provide numerous examples that suggest a more open attitude to peace and, at times, even seem to share some of the pacifistic beliefs of the philosophers. Further, even the more militaristic historians can present peace as a state preferable to war.

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BOZZA, SARA. "ARCHITETTURA IONICA A HIERAPOLIS DI FRIGIA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10487.

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La ricerca di dottorato si inserisce nel quadro delle attività della MAIER – Missione Archeologica Italiana a Hierapolis di Frigia (Pamukkale, Turchia) e nel filone degli studi di architettura antica relativi ai complessi edilizi dei centri microasiatici. Vengono analizzati, in particolare, alcuni edifici e materiali architettonici di ordine ionico emersi dalle recenti indagini di scavo, allo scopo di fornire una ricostruzione dei monumenti nella planimetria e negli alzati, ma anche delle loro funzioni e le destinazioni d’uso; parallelamente si è sviluppata l’analisi del linguaggio formale delle architetture, allo scopo sia di definire le cronologie degli edifici sia di inserirli nel più ampio fenomeno della decorazione architettonica microasiatica, rintracciandone gli eventuali modelli, anche in rapporto al complesso problema dell’attività delle maestranze, per fornire un quadro aggiornato delle modalità di impiego dell’ordine ionico a Hierapolis di Frigia nel corso dell’età imperiale. La ricerca ha affrontato i due complessi santuariali del centro cittadino: nel Santuario di Apollo vengono analizzati il Tempio C, una serie di eccezionali capitelli ionici con collarino decorato e un consistente gruppo di elementi architettonici riferibili ad un portico di temenos (di ordine corinzio); nel Ploutonion si sono indagati alcuni materiali riferibil invece ad un portico ionico, posto a coronamento del theatron rituale.
This doctoral research is part of the activities of MAIER – Italian Archaeological Mission in Hierapolis of Phrygia (Pamukkale, Turkey) and of the investigation field on the ancient architecture in Asia Minor. Some buildings and architectural blocks of Ionic order, recently discovered, are analyzed in order to achieve a reconstruction of the monuments, not only of the plan and elevation, but also of the ancient functions and use of the buildings. The stylistic analysis is also very important, to determine the chronology of the monuments and to relate the Ionic architecture of Hierapolis with the other urban centres in Asia Minor and their architectural tradition during the Imperial period. The dissertation is focused on both the sanctuaries of Hierapolis: in the Sanctuary of Apollo, the research analyzes the Temple C, a series of Ionic capitals with decorated hypotrachelion, and a group of architectural blocks from a (Corinthian) temenos portico; in the Ploutonion, the focus is on a series of blocks from an Ionic Stoa, related to the cultic theatre.

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Eid, Nicholas. "The Roman imperial cult in Alexandria during the Julio-Claudian period /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arme34.pdf.

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Armstrong, Naja Regina. "Round temples in Roman architecture of the Republic through the late Imperial period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6bf53ac0-87a0-443c-8daa-f7b710196c4b.

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Roman round temples are usually discussed either in the context of round buildings like baths and mausolea or on a case-by-case basis. Both approaches fail to reveal what makes round temples a distinct architectural type and moreover, what reasons can account for their use throughout the Roman world. By examining round temples from the Republic, when they are first attested, to the early fourth century AD, this thesis aims to explain why the round form had such a lasting appeal. It follows a chronological approach, discussing the evidence for individual temples and situating them within their historical, social, topographical, and architectural contexts. In a comparative analysis, the building components, materials, techniques, decorative details, and proportions employed by round temples are outlined to reveal influences on their design. The round temples discussed in this study are concentrated in Italy, Greece, and Asia Minor. While the earliest examples in Rome draw on Italic traditions, from the late Republic, round temples begin to reflect Greek trends. Greek tholoi and the Greek decorative repertory, balanced by Roman developments in design, have a lasting influence on round temples. Based on tholoi, scholars have assumed that Roman round temples honored Vesta and divinized heroes. While they were celebrated with a few examples, the majority were dedicated to other gods and goddesses. As a result, religious, social, topographical and aesthetic reasons are proposed to explain the enduring appeal of round temples. Like the motivations behind their foundations, the plans, dimensions, and proportional relationships employed by round temples are noted for their diversity. For their individuality and inventive spirit, round temples make a significant contribution to the Roman architectural repertory.

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Fischler, Susan S. "The public position of the women of the Imperial household in the Julio-Claudian period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305761.

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Bourgeois, Brandon Edward. "Roman Imperial Accessions: Politics, Constituencies, and Communicative Acts." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534607518395542.

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Fischer, Julia Claire. "Private Propaganda: The Iconography of Large Imperial Cameos of the Early Roman Empire." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1414586866.

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Jones, Lewis Molly Ayn. "A Dangerous Art: Greek Physicians and Medical Risk in Imperial Rome." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1242865685.

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Books on the topic "Classical; Roman Imperial Period"

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Mattingly, David. An Imperial Possession. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2010.

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Mattingly, David. An Imperial Possession. London: Penguin Group UK, 2010.

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Perkins, Judith. Roman imperial identities in the early Christian period. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge, 2009.

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glyptotek, Ny Carlsberg. Imperial Rome: Catalogue, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Copenhagen: Ny Carlsberg glyptotek, 1996.

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Mette, Moltesen, Fejfer Jane, and Nielsen Anne Marie 1949-, eds. Imperial Rome: Catalogue, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Copenhagen: Ny Carlsberg glyptotek, 1996.

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Rose, Charles Brian. Dynastic commemoration and imperial portraiture in the Julio-Claudian period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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Marlowe, Stephen. Ritter des Zufalls: Tod und Leben des Miguel de Cervantes : Roman. München: Knaur, 1994.

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Consensus, concordia, and the formation of Roman imperial ideology. New York: Routledge, 2008.

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Lewy, Yochanan. The Second Temple period in light of Greek and Roman literature. Jerusalem: International Center for University Teaching of Jewish Civilization, 1987.

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Sørensen, Lone Wriedt. Lindos IV, 2: Excavations and surveys in southern Rhodes : the post-Mycenaean period until Roman times and the medieval period. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark, Collection of Near East and Classical Aniquities, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Classical; Roman Imperial Period"

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Hatzimichali, Myrto. "Circulation of Lexica in the Hellenistic and Early Imperial Period." In Scholastic Culture in the Hellenistic and Roman Eras, edited by Sean A. Adams, 31–50. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110660982-004.

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Katakis, Stylianos E. "20. Copies of Greek Statuary from Greece in the Roman Imperial Period." In Handbook of Greek Sculpture, edited by Olga Palagia, 620–54. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781614513537-020.

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Cambi, Franco. "1. The Tuscan Coast in the Classical Period — Research Prospects. Towards a New Landscape Archaeology." In Archaeological Landscapes of Roman Etruria, 27–37. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.medito-eb.5.122209.

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Champion, Craige B. "Imperial Ideologies, Citizenship Myths, and Legal Disputes in Classical Athens and Republican Rome." In A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought, 85–99. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310344.ch6.

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Price, Max D. "Clash of Cultures in the Classical Period." In Evolution of a Taboo, 142–71. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197543276.003.0008.

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The influence of Greek and Roman culture on the Near East, especially after Alexander’s conquests, brought a revival of pig husbandry, which had largely been lost in the Iron Age. Pigs and pork played fundamental roles in Greek and Roman culture—in the economy, in the diet, and in ritual. Greek and, especially, Roman writers celebrated pigs and pork. Zooarchaeological data indicate a surge in pig production in Near Eastern cities. But Greco-Roman love of pigs and pork ran into conflict with Jewish populations in the Levant. The ingestion of pork became entangled in the political and ethnic conflicts playing out between Jews and their Greek and Roman imperial masters. It became a metonym for submission; its avoidance a symbol of resistance. Pork avoidance was thus elevated from one of many taboos codified in Leviticus to a practice definitive of Jewish identity. Pork consumption also became a way for Christians to reject Judaism.

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Strong, Anise K. "The Golden Aspects of Roman Imperialism in Film, 1914–2015." In Screening the Golden Ages of the Classical Tradition, 225–42. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474440844.003.0013.

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The first of three chapters that address Rome’s complicated legacy as an imperial state is Strong’s survey of films that present imperialism as beneficial for Rome’s provincial subjects and other “barbarians,” spanning a century of filmmaking from 1914 to 2015. The films in question were produced by and for members of three imperial states during particular historical periods: Italy between World Wars I and II, the United Kingdom after World War II, and the United States after 9/11. Strong’s analysis treats three major arguments variously offered by these films to justify imperialism as producing golden-age conditions for subjects: the technology and order provided by “civilization,” the enlightened embrace of diverse peoples within one expansive community, and the masculine valor of its soldiers. These portrayals, as products of societies engaged in imperialistic behavior, tend to ignore the moral problems of slavery, repression of Christianity, and the status of women in Roman society. Films treated include Cabiria (1914), Scipio l’Africano (1937), The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), Monty Python’s Life of Brian (1979), Centurion (2010), The Eagle (2011), and The Last Legion (2007).

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Kremydi-Sicilianou, Sophia. "‘Belonging’ to Rome, ‘Remaining’ Greek: Coinage and Identity in Roman Macedonia." In Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199265268.003.0012.

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During a Period when the Western world, and especially Europe, has been undergoing radical changes, the concept and definition of ‘identity’ has naturally attracted the interest of sociologists, historians, and political scientists alike. This tendency has influenced classical studies and the way we approach ancient civilizations. Archaeologists, for example, tend to become more cautious concerning the connection between material civilization and ethnic identity, and the ‘objectivity’ of the available evidence, whether literary or material, is now often scrutinized. One of the main interests— but also difficulties—of this perspective is that it requires interdisciplinary research: in order to understand how private individuals, or social groups, perceived ‘themselves’, in other words what they considered as crucial for differentiating themselves from ‘others’, one cannot rely on partial evidence. Can, for example, the adoption of Roman names by members of the provincial elite be conceived as an adoption of Roman cultural identity? Other literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence clearly shows that this was not the case. The Roman empire was a state that incorporated many ethnic groups, with different political institutions and various religious beliefs. In this sense it is natural that contemporary studies on cultural identity have, to a large extent, concentrated on the imperial period. And a good many of them are dedicated to the interpretation of literary texts. The contribution of coinage to the understanding of identity under the Roman empire is what this book is about, and Howgego has set the general framework in his introduction. Before trying to explore what coins can contribute to our understanding of the civic identity of Macedonian cities, it is crucial to bear in mind the restrictions imposed by the nature of our material. It is clear that coin types represent deliberate choices made by certain individuals who possessed the authority to act in the name of the civic community they represented. Whose identity therefore do these coins reflect? Under the late Republic and the imperial period provincial cities possessed a restricted autonomy but were always subjected to Roman political authority. Their obligations towards Rome or their special privileges could vary according to the emperor’s will.

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Worthington, Ian. "Social Life and Religion." In Athens After Empire, 181–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633981.003.0010.

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Chapter 9 serves as another break from the main narrative with a discussion of social life and religion. The chapter discusses everyday life, or as much as we know of it; family life; and in particular, the changing roles of women from the Classical through the Hellenistic eras to the Roman era in Athens and Greece. Then there is a discussion on religion and religious life in Athens in these periods, along with the Athenian attitude toward religion. Topics include the major festivals and how they changed, foreign cults such as that of Sarapis from Egypt, and especially the Roman imperial cult.

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Kucharczyk, Renata. "Glass medallion in the shape of a lion’s head mask." In Classica Orientalia. Essays presented to Wiktor Andrzej Daszewski on his 75th Birthday, 277–85. DiG Publisher, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.37343/pcma.uw.dig.9788371817212.pp.277-285.

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A glass appliqué in the shape a lion's head mask is an example of applied decoration found on late Roman glasses, which may have actually seen extended use as a keepsake or amulet, long after the vessel itself, presumably a globular or conical handled jug or bulbous flagon, had been broken. The medallion in high relief was found during Polish excavations on Kom el-Dikka in 2007, in a cut from the early Islamic period containing fill of mixed date, from late Roman to early Islamic. The paper considers parallels for the piece, both published and unpublished, from excavations in Egypt as well as museum collections worldwide. All are considered to be made in Egyptian workshops and representing traditional “Egyptian” themes, although the idea of decorating glass vessels with applied medallions was hardly a novel idea in the late Roman period and was a continuation of a tradition from Imperial times, but with a different range of motifs. Glass masks of this kind appeared also on other vessels, like glass cinerary urns, for example, and continued to be applied as decoration on late Sassanian and early Islamic products.

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Thonemann, Peter. "Books and Literary Culture." In An Ancient Dream Manual, 125–42. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843825.003.0008.

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Quotations from earlier Greek literary works are very frequent in the Oneirocritica, and it is possible to reconstruct in some detail Artemidorus’ knowledge of (and tastes in) ‘classical’ Greek literature. As one might expect, Homer is particularly prominent, but in a manner that suggests that Artemidorus may not have been equally acquainted with all parts of the Iliad and Odyssey. His knowledge of early Greek poetry, tragedy, and comedy, and other ‘high’ Greek literature appears at first sight to be impressively extensive, but patterns of quotation in the Oneirocritica imply that he in fact knew little of this literature at first-hand. It is suggested that Artemidorus provides us with an unusually clear and representative picture of the intellectual and literary horizons of an ordinary ‘middling’ member of the civic elite in the Greek world during the high Roman imperial period.

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Conference papers on the topic "Classical; Roman Imperial Period"

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Strokov, A. "НЕКРОПОЛЬ ФАНАГОРИИ – ПЕРВЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОГО ДАТИРОВАНИЯ." In Радиоуглерод в археологии и палеоэкологии: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной 80-летию старшего научного сотрудника ИИМК РАН, кандидата химических наук Ганны Ивановны Зайцевой. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-213-6-93-94.

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In Russian archaeology radiocarbon dating is used in very rare cases when antiquities from historical periods are studied based on coin finds and historical sources which have their own historical chronology. However, this arrangement does not always work, as some graves do not contain items that can be dated to a narrow time span while a great number of graves often have no funerary offerings at all. The State Historical Museum in Moscow houses archaeological materials from the Phanagoria necropolis excavated in 1936. Phanagoria is is the largest city of the Classical period and the early medieval period (540 BC–10th century). The collection from the necropolis excavations has preserved organic carbon-containing finds from grave 21 (the wood served to make a coffin – juniper, and sea algae). These materials were selected for AMS-dating. The following results were obtained: wood: 342–420 calAD, sea algae – 132–241 calAD. Of particular interest is the impression of the coin of the Roman Emperor Valens (364–378) found in this grave. The AMS-date of the coffin wood fully confirms the traditional archaeological dating of the finds whereas the coin offers an opportunity to narrow down the timeline of the grave to several decades (375–420). The older age of sea algae is caused by a marine reservoir effect which must be taken into account during the verification of the radiocarbon age of the consumers the food intake of which probably included algae.

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